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Teledyne LeCroy
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WS4KHD-AUTO TD
User manual
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Teledyne LeCroy WS4KHD-AUTO TD User manual

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Trigger, Decode, Measure/Graph, Eye Diagrams
for AutomotiveProtocols:
CAN and CAN FD LIN FlexRay
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Contents
About theOptions 1
About theCANbusandCANFDbusOptions 1 About theLINbusOptions 2 About theFlexRaybusOptions 2
SerialDecode 3
DecodingWorkflow 4 DecoderSet Up 4 SettingLevelandHysteresis 10 FailuretoDecode 11 SerialDecode Dialog 11 ReadingWaveform Annotations 12 SerialDecode Result Table 16 SearchingDecodedWaveforms 26 Decodingin Sequence Mode 27 ImprovingDecoderPerformance 28 AutomatingtheDecoder 29
SerialTrigger 33
LinkingTrigger andDecoder 33 CAN/CANFDSerial TriggerSetup 34 LINSerialTriggerSetup 40 FlexRay SerialTrigger Setup 42 UsingtheDecoder withtheTrigger 45 SavingTriggerData 46
Measure/Graph 47
SerialDataMeasurements 47 GraphingMeasurements 48 Measure/Graph SetupDialog 48 FilteringMeasurements 49
Eye Diagram Tests 51
EyeDiagram Setup Dialog 51 MaskFailure LocatorDialog 52
FlexRayPhysicalLayer Testing 53
GeneralSettings 53 Input Setup 53 SIVoting Setup 54 EyeDiagram Setup 55 MaskTest Setup 56 PhysicalLayerMeasurement Setup 57
TechnicalSupport 58
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About This Manual
Teledyne LeCroyoffersawidearrayof toolsetsfor decodingand debuggingserialdatastreams.These toolsetsmay bepurchased as optionalsoftware packages,orare provided standardwith some oscilloscopes.
Thismanualexplainsthebasic proceduresforusingserialdatadecoderandtriggersoftware options. Thereare alsosectionspertainingto the measure andgraphingcapabilitiesand eyediagramtests.
Whilesomeof theimagesin thismanualmay not exactlymatch what ison youroscilloscopedisplay—or may showan exampletakenfrom another standard—beassuredthat thefunctionality isidentical,as muchfunctionalityisshared.Product-specific exceptionswillbe noted inthetext.
It isassumed that youhavea basicunderstandingof the serialdataphysicalandprotocollayer specifications,anda basic understanding of how tousean oscilloscope,specificallytheTeledyne LeCroy oscilloscopeonwhichtheoptionis installed.Only featuresdirectlyrelated toserialdatatriggeringand decodingareexplained inthismanual.
Teledyne LeCroyis constantlyexpandingcoverageof serial data standardsandupdatingsoftware.Some capabilitiesdescribedinthisdocumentationmay onlybe availablewiththelatest version of our firmware. You can downloadthefreefirmware update from:
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About the Options

About the Options
Teledyne LeCroydecodersapplysoftware algorithmstoextract serialdata informationfrom physicallayer waveformsmeasured onyouroscilloscope.The extracted information isdisplayedovertheactual physicallayerwaveforms,color-codedtoprovidefast,intuitiveunderstandingof therelationshipbetween messageframesand other,time synchronousevents.
Triggerand decode(-TD)optionsenableyoutotriggertheoscilloscopeacquisitionuponfindingspecific messageframes,datapatterns,or errorsin serialdatastreams.Conditionalfilteringat different levels enables youto target the trigger toa single messageora rangeof matchingdata.
Theinstallation of any-DMEor-TDMEoptionaddsa set of measurements designedfor serial data analysisandprotocol-specific eyediagram teststothestandard triggeranddecoder capabilities.See
Measuringforinstructions onusingthemeasureand graphing capabilities.SeeEyeDiagram Tests for
instructionsonusingtheeyediagram tests.

About the CANbus and CAN FDbus Options

CANisa vehiclebusdesigned specifically forautomotive applications,but it isnow foundinother applications,aswell. ThevariousCANspecificationsare maintainedbytheInternationalOrganization for Standards(ISO) andcanbeobtained at www.iso.org.
CANbusTDsupports decodingstandardCAN(11-bit and extended29-bit). CANFDbusTDsupports decodingstandardCANaswell as theadvancedfeaturesof CANFD:bitrate
increasefortheData segment and the extensionof thepossible Datapayloadfrom 8bytesto 64bytes. It alsosupports ISOand non-ISOframes.
Bothoptionsenabletriggeringon CANmessages,FrameIDs,serialdatapatterns,or errors.Frame-level andvalue-level filteringenableyouto target the trigger toa certaintypeof CANmessage,asingleframe ID ordatapattern,or to arangeof data.
TheTDMEvariants of theseoptionsadd aset of CAN-specific measurement parameters,plots,andeye diagramtests.
TheTDME SYMBOLIC variantsof theseoptionsaddsymbolic decoding,triggering,andmeasuringbased onuser-defined.DBCor .ARXML (AutoSAR)symbolfiles.
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About the LINbus Options

LINis alow-cost master/slavesystem designed forimplementationinvehicles,typicallyinwhat is commonlyreferredtoas bodyelectronics. TheLINspecification ismaintained bytheInternational StandardsOrganization (ISO)andcanbeobtained at www.iso.org.
TheLINbusTDand TDMEoptionsdecodeand enable triggering onspecificLINframes,data patterns,or errors.Otherfeatures include:
l Ability todecode LINVersion 1.3,2.x,andSAEJ2602 formats,evenwhenLINbustraffic contains
mixedversions.
l Triggeringon Checksum,HeaderParity,andSync ByteErrors.

About the FlexRaybus Options

FlexRay isanautomotivenetworkcommunicationsprotocoldeveloped bytheFlexRayConsortiumto governon-board automotive computing.The FlexRayconsortium disbanded in 2009,and FlexRay isnow definedin ISOstandards17458-1 to17458-5.
TheFlexRaybus TDandTDMEoptions decodeFlexRayprotocolversion2.1 at 10 Mb/s,5 Mb/sor 2.5 Mb/s.Featuresinclude:
l Ability totriggeronTSS,Framecharacteristics,protocol Errors,orvariousSymbols(suchaswakeup
patterns).
l Frametriggersmay beset on individualFrameIDsor rangesand befurther conditionalizedusing
CycleCountsorFrame Qualifiers.
TheFlexRayTDPandTDMPoptionsalsoprovidespecialphysicallayereyediagram testsas specifiedby theFlexRaystandard andphysical-layermeasurement parameters.
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Serial Decode

Serial Decode
Thealgorithmsdescribedhereat ahighlevelare usedbyallTeledyneLeCroy serial decoderssoldfor oscilloscopes. Theydiffer slightlybetweenserialdatasignalsthat haveaclockembeddedin data and those withseparate clock anddatasignals.
Bit-level Decoding
Thefirst software algorithm examinestheembedded clock foreach messagebasedon a default oruser­specifiedverticalthresholdlevel.Once theclocksignalisextractedor known,thealgorithm examinesthe correspondingdatasignalat the predeterminedverticalleveltodeterminewhether a databit ishighor low.The default verticallevelisset to50%,asdeterminedfrom a measurement of peakamplitudeof the signalsacquiredby the oscilloscope.For most decoders,it canalsobeset toan absolutevoltage level,if desired. Thealgorithm intelligentlyappliesahysteresistotherisingandfalling edgeof theserialdata signal to minimizethechance of perturbationsor ringingon theedgeaffecting the databit decoding.
Note:Althoughthedecoding algorithm isbasedona clockextraction software algorithm usinga verticallevel,theresultsreturnedare thesame asthose from atraditionalprotocolanalyzer using samplingpoint-baseddecode.
Logical Decoding
Afterdeterminingindividualdatabit values,another algorithm performs adecodingof the serialdata messageafter separationof theunderlyingdatabitsinto logicalgroupsspecificto the protocol (Header/ID,AddressLabels,DataLengthCodes,Data,CRC,ParityBits,Start Bits,StopBits,Delimiters,Idle Segments,etc.).
Message Decoding
Finally,anotheralgorithm appliesa color overlay withannotationstothedecodedwaveform tomarkthe transitionsin the signal. Decodedmessagedata isdisplayed intabular form belowthegrid.Various compactionschemes areutilizedto showthedataduringalong acquisition(manyhundredsor thousands of serialdata messages)or ashort acquisition(oneserialdata messageacquisition).Inthecaseof the longest acquisition,onlythemost important informationis highlighted,whereasinthecaseof theshortest acquisition,allinformationis displayedwithadditionalhighlightingof thecompletemessageframe.
User Interaction
Your interaction withthesoftware inmanywaysmirrorstheorderof the algorithms. You will:
l Assigna protocol/encodingscheme,aninput source,and aclocksource (if necessary)to oneof the
fourdecoderpanelsusingtheSerialDataandDecodeSetup dialogs.
l Completetheremainingdialogsrequiredby theprotocol/encodingscheme. l Work withthedecodedwaveform,result table,andmeasurementstoanalyze thedecoding.
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Decoding Workflow

Werecommendthefollowingworkflow foreffectivedecoding:
1. Connect your data andstrobe/clock lines(if used) totheoscilloscope.
2. Set upthedecoder using thelowest leveldecoding mode available(e.g.,Bits orNibbles).
3. Acquireasufficient burst of relevant data. Thedataburst shouldbe reasonablywellcentered on screen,in bothdirections,withgenerousidlesegmentson both sides.
Note:See FailuretoDecodefor more information about the requiredacquisitionsettings.A
burst might contain at most 100000 transitions,or 32000 bits/1000 words,whichever occursfirst. Thisismorea safetylimit for software engineeringreasonsthanalimit based onanyprotocol.Werecommendstartingwith muchsmaller bursts.
4. Stoptheacquisition,then runthedecoder.
5. Usethevariousdecoder toolstoverifythat transitionsare beingcorrectly decoded.Tunethe decodersettingsasneeded.
6. Once youknow youarecorrectlydecodingtransitionsin onemode,continuemakingsmall acquisitionsof fivetoeight bursts andrunningthedecoderinhigherlevelmodes(e.g.,Words). The decodersettingsyouverifyona few burstswillbe reusedwhenhandling manypackets.
7. Runthedecoderon acquisitionsof thedesiredlength.
Whenyouaresatisfiedthedecoderisworkingproperly,youcandisable/enablethedecoderasdesiredwithout havingtorepeat thissetupandtuningprocess,providedthebasicsignalcharacteristicsdonotchange.

Decoder Set Up

Use theDecodeSetupdialoganditsprotocol-relatedsubdialogstopreset decodersfor futureuse.Each decodercanusedifferent protocolsand data sources,or haveothervariations,givingyoumaximum flexibilitytocompare different signals orview the same signal from multipleperspectives.
1. Touch theFrontPanelSerialDecode button(if availableon youroscilloscope),or chooseAnalysis> SerialDecodefrom theoscilloscopemenubar. OpentheDecodeSetupdialog.
2. Fromthebuttonsat the left,select the Decode # to set up.
3. Select thedatasource(Src1) tobe decodedandtheProtocoltodecode.
4. If requiredby the protocol,alsoselect theStrobe orClocksource. (Thesecontrolswillsimplynot appearif not relevant.)
5. Definethebit-andprotocol-leveldecodingon thesubdialogsnext totheDecodeSetup dialog.
Tip:After completingsetupfor onedecoder,youcan quicklystart setupforthe otherdecodersby using thebuttonsat the left of the DecodeSetupdialogtochange theDecode# .
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Serial Decode
CAN/CAN FDDecoder Settings
BasicSubdialog
Enter theNominalBitrate(Arbitrationbitrate) of thebustowhichyouare connectedas preciselyas you knowit.The value should becorrect within5%.Amismatchedbit rate willcause variousconfusingside effectson thedecoding,soit is best to taketimetocorrectlyadjust thisfundamentalvalue.UsetheUp andDownarrow buttonsto scrolla list of standard bitrates,or touchthefieldto enter thevalueusingthe Adjust knobor theVirtualKeypad.
Tip:If unsure of thebitrate,applytheBit Rate measurement parameter toa short acquisition.
Select theCANVariantinuse:GMLAN,J1939,J1939+1,J1939+2or None(allothers). CheckShowStuffBitstodisplaythestuff bitson each CANmessage frame. CheckShowBitsIdxto display abit indexforeachbit,whichcan assist with analysisor debugging of the
decode.The bit indexstarts at 0 at thebeginningof the messageandincreasesmonotonouslytotheend of themessage.Notethat thebit indexskipsthestuffbits.
CANFDdecoder,also:
Enter theDataBitrate.The sameprecautionsapplyas fortheNominalBitrate. CheckISOif yoursignalcontainsISOframes.
SymbolicDecoding
If youhavepurchased oneof theSYMBOLICoptions,these additionalcontrolsrelated to symbolic decodingwillappearon thedecoderset up dialogs:
l Choosetoview thedecoder resultswithjust Hexadecimalor withSymbolic translation. l If Symbolic,select the SymbolFile to use.
Note:CANand CANFDdecodersandtriggerssupport standard.DBCand .ARXML(AutoSAR) symbolfiletypes.
Thedefaultsymbolfileislocatedin D:\Applications\<protocol>. Youmaycopyyourownsymbolfiletothis directoryandbrowse to it foreasyselection. Symbolfiles must havethe.dbc or .arxml extension.We recommend that youcopyandmodifythedefault.dbc filetoensurethesymbolfileisproperlyformatted.
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LevelsSubdialog
Enter theverticalLevelusedtodetermine the edgecrossingsof thesignal.Thisvaluewillbe usedto determinethebit-level decoding.
Optionally,enter a Hysteresisbandvalue.Hysteresisrepresents theamount thesignalmayrise orfallfrom thecrossingLevelwithout affectingthebit transition.
SamplingSubdialog
Thisdialog appearsonlywhenyou aresettingup aCANFDdecoder.It isusedto determinethesampling positionforboththearbitrationphase(NominalBit Time) anddataphase(Data Bit Time). Thismaybe doneusingeithertheBasic Viewingformat ortheAdvanced Viewingformat.
Note:For more detailedinformationabout howthesesettingsfunction,seeCANFDSerialTrigger
Setup.Allthese settingsare ignoredwhendecoding aStandardCANframe.
Bydefault,ESIDominant Onlyisselected,which indicates thesignal alwayscontainsan ESI bit set to dominant. Thisallowsthedecoder to operate ina modewhereit doesn't need samplingpoint information. When it ispossible that signalcancontaina recessiveESIbit,thenenterthesamplingpoint information manually.Clear ESI Dominant OnlytoenabletheNominalBit Time andData Bit Timefields andset the samplingpoint.
For theBasic setup,enter thesamplingpoint asa percent of the UIin theRequestedPositionfields.
Note:For most users,thedefault Basicsampling point workssufficientlywell. However,an incorrect RequestedSamplingPoint percentagemayresult infalseerrordetermination.If yousee false errortriggersor errorframesin thedecoding,usetheAdvanced format to enter thevalues manually.
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Serial Decode
For theAdvanced setup,manuallyenterthenumberof time quanta for the:
l Prop_Seg,part of thebit time usedto compensateforthephysicalnetworkdelaytimes. l Phase_Seg1 Numberof timequantumsbeforethesamplingpoint. l Phase_Seg2 Numberof timequantumsafter thesamplingpoint.
Thereisno fieldfor enteringtheSync_Seg,becausethesoftwarealwaysusesthevalue1. Thesum of the Sync_Seg,Prop_Seg,Phase_Seg1andPhase_Seg2must beequaltotheavailable time
quantasin eachphaseforthesettingstoworkcorrectly.
When the decoder isenabled,theActualSamplingPoint levelsusedare displayedon the dialogin either format.In the Advanced menu,youmayseethisvaluechangeas youchangethevalues ineach field.
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LIN Decoder Settings
BasicSubdialog
Under Viewing,choosetoview/enter data ineitherBinaryorHex(adecimal) formats. Enter theverticalLevelusedtodetermine the edgecrossingsof thesignal.Thisvaluewillbe usedto
determinethebit-level decoding.Forguidelines,see SettingLevelandHysteresis. Enter theBitrateof the bustowhich youare connectedasprecisely asyouknowit.The valueshouldbe
correct within5%.Amismatchedbit ratewillcausevariousconfusingsideeffectsonthedecoding,soit is best to taketimeto correctlyadjust thisfundamentalvalue. UsetheUpand Downarrows to scrolla list of standardbit rates,or enter anyvaluebetween1 and20 kbit/s.
Tip:If youare unsureof thebitrate,applytheBit Rate measurement parameter toa short acquisition.
ChoosetheLINVersion(standard) usedtoencode theinput signal.If youare unsureor don't care,choose ALL.
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Serial Decode
FlexRay Decoder Settings
BasicSubdialog
Adjust theBitrate value tomatchtheoneon the bustowhichyouare connected.Touch thearrow buttons toscrollthroughstandard bitrates(2.5,5.0 or10.0 Mb/s) and make aselection.Or,touchBitrateand enter thevalueusingtheADJUSTknobor theVirtualKeypad.
Select theappropriateChannelto decode,ChannelAor Channel Bof the FlexRaybus.
Note:Decodingwillstilloccur if thewrongchannelis selected,but it willresult inCRCerrorsbeing shownontheoverlay.
LevelsSubdialog
InLevelHighandLevelLow,enterthesignalcrossing values.FlexRayisa tri-level signal andrequires2 levelsfor theoscilloscopetodistinguishbetween1 and0.Asindicated onthedialog,data transitionsare valid onlywhencrossingbothLow andHighlevels.
Levelisnormallyenteredaspercent anddefaultsto70%(of amplitude) for LevelHighand 30%forLevel Low.Forguidelines,seeSettingLevelandHysteresis.
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Setting Level and Hysteresis

TheLevelsettingrepresentsthelogical level for bit transition,correspondingtothephysicalLow andHigh distinction.Levelisnormallyset as 50%of waveform amplitude,but canalternatively beset asan absolutevoltage (withreferenceto the waveform 0 level) bychangingtheLevelTypetoAbsolute.
Percent modeiseasyto set upbecausethesoftwareimmediatelydeterminestheoptimalthreshold,but insome casesit might bebeneficialtoswitch to Absolutemode:
l Onpoor signals,wherePercent modecanfailandleadtobaddecodes l Onnoisysignals orsignalswitha varyingDCcomponent l Onverylongacquisitions,where Percent modeaddscomputationalload
ThetransitionLevelappearsas adotted,horizontal lineacrosstheoscilloscope grid.If yourinitialdecoding indicatesthat thereare anumberof error frames,makesurethat Levelisset toa reasonablevalue.
Theoptional Hysteresissetting imposesa limit above andbelowthemeasurement levelthat precludes measurementsof noiseor other perturbationswithinthisband.
Ablue marker aroundtheLevellineindicatesthearea of thehysteresisband.Aswith LevelType, HysteresisType maybe either a percentageof amplitudeor anabsolute numberof vertical griddivisions.
Hysteresis set as40 percentof totalwaveformamplitude(left)andHysteresisset asequivalent of 1 griddivision(right)
aroundan absolute-200mVLevel setting.
Note:Usually,youcanset theLevelandHysteresisin thesame ordifferent modes.For a few protocols,Hysteresiscanonlybeset as anumberof mVplus/minustheLevel.
Observethefollowingwhensetting Hysteresis:
l Hysteresis must be largerthanthemaximum noisespikeyouwish to ignore. l Thelargest usable hysteresisvaluemust belessthanthedistancefrom theleveltotheclosest
extremevalueof thewaveform.
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Serial Decode

Failure to Decode

Threeconditionsin particularmaycauseadecodertofail,inwhichcasea failuremessage willappearin thefirstrowof the summaryresult table,insteadof inthemessagebaras usual.
All decoderswilltest fortheconditionToosmallamplitude.If thesignal’samplitudeistoosmallwith respect tothefullADCrange,themessage “DecreaseV/Div”willappear.The requiredamplitudetoallow decodingisusually oneverticaldivision.
If thedecoder incorporatesa user-defined bit rate(usuallytheseareprotocolsthat donot utilizea dedicated clock/strobeline),thefollowingtwoconditionsare alsotested:
l Undersampled.If the samplingrate(SR) isinsufficient toresolvethesignal adequatelybasedonthe
bit rate(BR) setup or clockfrequency,themessage "UnderSampled"willappear.Theminimum SR:BRratiorequired is4:1. It issuggestedthat youusea slightlyhigherSR:BRratioif possible,and usesignificantlyhigherSR:BRratiosif you want to alsoview perturbationsor otheranomaliesonyour serialdataanalogsignal.
l Tooshortacquisition.If the acquisitionwindow istooshort to allow anymeaningfuldecoding,the
message“TooShort Acquisition”willappear.The minimum number of bitsrequiredvariesfrom one protocoltoanother,but isusuallybetween5 and50.
Inalltheabovecases,thedecoding isturnedoff toprotect you from incorrect data.Adjust your acquisitionsettingsaccordingly,thenre-enable the decoder.
Note:It ispossible that severalconditionsare present,but youwillonlyseethefirst relevant messageinthetable.If youcontinuetoexperiencefailures,try adjustingtheothersettings.

Serial Decode Dialog

Tofirst set up a decoder,gototheDecode Setup dialog. Once decodershavebeenconfigured,usethe SerialDecode dialog toquicklyturnon/off a decoderor makeminormodificationsto the settings.
Toturnon decoders:
1. On the same row astheDecode #,checkOntoenablethedecoder. AslongasOnischecked(andthereis avalidacquisition),a resulttableanddecodedwaveform
appear.Thenumber of rows of datadisplayedwilldependonthe Table#Rowssetting(on the DecodeSetupdialog).
2. Optionally,modifythe:
l Protocolassociatedwiththedecoder. l Data(Source) tobe decoded.
3. Check LinkTo TriggerOntotiethisdecodersetuptoa serialtriggersetup.
Toturnoff decoders:deselect theOnboxesindividually,or touchTurnAllOff.
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Reading Waveform Annotations

When adecoder isenabled,anannotatedwaveform appearsontheoscilloscopedisplay,allowing youto quicklysee the relationshipbetweentheprotocol decodingand the physicallayer.Acoloredoverlaymarks significant bit-sequencesinthesource signal:Header/ID,Address,Labels,DataLengthCodes,Data,CRC, ParityBits,Start Bits,StopBits,Delimiters,Idlesegments,etc. Annotationsare customizedtotheprotocol orencoding scheme.
Theamount of informationshown onanannotationisaffectedbythewidthof the rectanglesin the overlay,whichis determinedby the magnification(scale)of the traceand thelengthof the acquisition. Zoominga portionof the decodertrace willrevealthedetailed annotations.
CAN Waveform Annotations
Theseoverlaysappearona decodedstandard CANwaveform or its zoomtrace.
Annotation Overlay Color (1) Overlay Text (2) (3)
Index Navy Blue (behind other fields) < Std | FD > <
Frame ID Brick Red ID=<
Reserved Bits Aqua Blue < r0 | r1 >
Data Length Code Green DLC=<
Payload Data Aqua Blue Data = <
Cyclic Redundancy Check Royal Blue CRC=<
Stuff Bits Grey SB
ACK Tan ACK = <
Start/End of Frame Aqua Blue < SOF | EOF >
Protocol Error Bright Red (behind other fields) Error=<
1. Combined overlaysaffect theappearanceof colors.
2. Text in brackets <>is variable.The amount of text shown depends on your zoom factors.
3. Datavalues areshown in symbolic or hexadecimal depending on your decoderselection.
value
value
value
interpretation
<
value
value
error type
>
value
>
>
> ( in Hexadecimal)
> (in Symbolic)
>
>
>
Initial decoding.Atthisresolution,littleinformationappearson theoverlay.
Zoomof singleindex showingannotationdetails.
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CAN FDWaveform Annotations
Theseoverlaysappearona decodedCANFDwaveform or its zoom trace.
Annotation Overlay Color (1) Overlay Text (2) (3)
Serial Decode
Index Navy Blue (behind other fields) < Std | FD > <
Frame ID Brick Red ID = <
Reserved Bits Aqua Blue < r1 | r0 >
Arbitration Field Identifier Extension Aqua Blue IDE
Extended Data Length Bits Aqua Blue EDL
Bit Rate Switch Aqua Blue BRS
Data Length Code Bright Green DLC = <
Payload Data Aqua Blue Data = <
Cyclic Redundancy Check Royal Blue CRC = <
Stuff Bits Grey SB
ACK Tan ACK
Start/End of Frame Aqua Blue < SOF | EOF >
Error Bright Red (behind other fields) Error = <
1. Combined overlaysaffect theappearanceof colors.
2. Text in brackets <>is variable.The amount of text shown depends on your zoom factors.
3. Datavalues areshown in symbolic or hexadecimal depending on your decoderselection.
value
value
value
interpretation
<
value
error type
>
value
>
>
> ( in Hexadecimal)
> (in Symbolic)
>
>
Initial decoding.
Zoomof singleindex showingannotationdetails.
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LIN Waveform Annotations
Theseoverlaysappearona decodedLINwaveform oritszoom trace.
Annotation Overlay Color (1) Overlay Text (2) (3)
Index Navy Blue (behind other fields) <
Protocol error Bright Red (behind other fields) <
Breaks Grey Break
Start/Stop bits Grey < S | T >
Synch byte Olive Green Synch = <
Message ID Brick Red ID = <
Parity bits Royal Blue Parity = <
Payload data Aqua Blue Data = <
Checksum bits Royal Blue Checksum = <
1. Combined overlaysaffect theappearanceof colors.
2. Text in brackets <>is variable.The amount of text shown depends on your zoom factors.
3. Datavalues areshown in binaryor hexadecimal depending on your decoderselection.
type
error type
> = <
value
value
ID value
>
value
>
value
Initial decoding.
>
>
>
value
>
>
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FlexRay Waveform Annotations
Theseoverlaysappearona decodedFlexRaywaveform or its zoom trace.
Annotation Overlay Color (1) Overlay Text (2)
Serial Decode
Index Navy (behind other fields) <
Protocol error Bright Red (behind other fields) <
Transmit Start Sequence and Channel Idle Delimiter
Frame Start Sequence and Dynamic Trailing Sequence
Byte Start Sequence Tan BSS
Reserved, Preamble, Null Frame, Sync, and StartUp bits
Slot ID Brick Red Slot ID = <
Payload data Aqua Blue Data Word = <
Payload Length, Cycle Count, and Frame End Sequence
Cyclic Redundancy Check Royal Blue < Header | Trailer > CRC = <
1. Combined overlaysaffect theappearanceof colors.
2. Text in brackets <>is variable.The amount of text shown depends on your zoom factors.
Purple < TSS | CID >
Cranberry Red < FSS | DTS >
Cyan Blue < R | P | N | S | SU >
Green < PL | CC | FES > = <
type
> = <ID>, Cycle Count = <
error type
>
value
>
value
>
value
>
value
value
>
>
Initial decoding.
Zoomof singleindex.
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Serial Decode Result Table

When ViewDecodeischeckedon theDecodeSetupDialogand a source signal hasbeendecodedusing that protocol,atablesummarizing the decoderresultsappearsbelow the grids.Thisresult tableprovides aview of dataasdecoded duringthemost recent acquisition,evenwhenthereare toomanyburstsforthe waveform annotationtobe legible.
You can export result tabledatato a .CSVfile.SeealsoAutomatingtheDecoder.
Tip:If anydownstream processessuchas measurementsreferencea decoder,theresult table doesnot have tobevisiblein orderforthedecodertofunction.Hidingthetablecanimprove performance whenyouraim is to export data ratherthanviewthedecoding.
Table Rows
Eachrowof the tablerepresentsoneindexof datafoundwithinthe acquisition,numberedsequentially. Exactly what thisrepresentsdependsontheprotocoland howyouhavechosento "packetize"thedata stream whenconfiguringthedecoder(frame,message,packet,etc.).
Note:For somedecoders,it isevenpossibletoturn off packetization,in which case allthedecodeddataappearsononerowof the table.
When multipledecodersare runat once,theindexrows are combinedina summarytable,ordered accordingto theiracquisitiontime.The Protocol column iscolorizedto match the input sourcethat resultedin that index.
You can changethenumberof rowsdisplayedon thetable at onetime. Thedefault isfiverows. Swipethetableup/down oruse the scrollbarat thefar right tonavigatethetable.SeeUsingtheResult
Tableformoreinformationabout how tointeract with thetable rows to viewthedecoding.
Table Columns
When asingledecoderisenabled,the result tableshowstheprotocol-specific detailsof the decoding. This detailedresulttablemaybecustomizedto show onlyselected columns.
Asummaryresult tablecombiningresultsfrom twodecodersalwaysshowsthesecolumns.
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Index Number of the line in the table
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to start of message
Protocol Protocol being decoded
Message Message identifier bits
Data Data payload
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check sequence bits
Status Any decoder messages; content may vary by protocol
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Examplesummaryresult table,withresults from twodecoderscombined on onetable.
When youselect theIndexnumber from thesummaryresult table,thedetailed resultsforthat indexdrop­inbelowit.
Examplesummaryresult tableshowingdrop-indetailed resulttable.
CAN Result Table
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Index Number of the line in the table
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to Start of Frame
Format Frame format, Standard (Std) or Flexible Data Rate (FD)
ID Standard or Extended Identifier bits (aka Frame ID)
IDE Arbitration Field Identifier Extension; Dominant (0) = 11-bit, Recessive (1) = 29-bit
RTR Remote Transmission Request bits
DLC Real number of Data Length Code bytes (not the value encoded in the DLC)
Data (Hexadecimal) Payload data bytes
Symbols (Symbolic) Symbolic interpretation of the signals in the message (e.g., Vehicle Speed = 12.4 m/s, or
Aircraft Pitch=12.3 degrees)
Signal (Symbolic) Input signal physical characteristics
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check sequence bits
BitRate Actual bitrate (BR) for this message, the average BR recomputed by dividing the entire
Message time span by the total number of bits in the message
Status Description of all the errors in this message detected by the decoder
Sectionof typicalCANdetailed resulttable.
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CAN FDResult Table
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Idx Number of the line in the table
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to Start of Frame
Format Frame format, Standard (Std) or Flexible Data Rate (FD)
ID 11- or 29-bit message ID (ID of the message also governs its priority on the bus, based
on the CSMA/CD scheme)
IDE Arbitration Field Identifier Extension; Dominant (0) = 11-bit, Recessive (1) = 29-bit
EDL Extended Data Length bits
BRS Bit Rate Switch when Arbitration Frame and Data Frame configured to have different bit
rate; Dominant (0) = no bit rate change, Recessive (1) = change to higher bit rate
ESI Error State Indicator; Dominant (0) = node is error active, Recessive (1) = node is error
passive
RTR Remote Transmission Request bit. Dominant (0) = Data Frame; Recessive (1) = Remote
Frame. It is only used in Standard CAN, not in CAN FD, but listed in case Standard CAN frames are included in the signal. It will appear empty for CAN FD frames
DLC Data Length Code bits
Data (Hexadecimal) Payload data bytes
Symbols (Symbolic) Symbolic interpretation of the signals in the message (e.g., Vehicle Speed = 12.4 m/s, or
Aircraft Pitch=12.3 degrees)
Signal (Symbolic) Input signal physical characteristics
SBC Stuff Bit Counter. This column only appears when ISO frames are supported and ISO is
checked
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Sequence bits
CL CRC Length, depending on the number of bytes in the payload either 17 bits for data
frames up to 16 bytes or 21 bits for data frames over 16 bytes
BitRate Computed transmission bit rate
BR Data Data bit rate dynamically recomputed for every message, similar to the nominal BR
Status Description of all the errors in this message detected by the decoder
Sectionof CAN FDdetailed result table.
Note:Whenthereisa CRCerror,thevalueintheCRCcolumn isthevaluetransmittedat the endof the(detected) frame,whilethevaluefollowing "CRCError:"in the Statuscolumn isthevalue calculatedfrom the(expected)framebits.
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LIN Result Table
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Idx Number of the line in the table
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to Start of Frame
Break Break (inter-message) bits
Synch Synch bits
ID Frame ID
Parity Parity bits
Data Length Data field length
Data Data field bytes
Checksum Checksum bits
BitRate Transmission bit rate
Symbol Status of any LIN symbols found in the frame
Serial Decode
Sectionof typicalLINdetailed resulttable.
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FlexRay Result Table
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Index Number of the line in the table
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to Start of Frame
Bit Rate/Msg Actual bit rate (BR) for this message, the average BR recomputed by diving the entire
Message time span by the total number of bits in the message
Frame ID Frame identifier bits
Payload Length Number of words in data payload
Header CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check sequence bits
Cycle Count Cycle number
Data Data Field bytes
Trailer CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check sequence bits
Symbol Symbol type, if found: Wakeup Pattern (WUS), Channel Idle (CID), Collision Avoidance
(CAS), or Media Access Test (MTS)
Sectionof typicalFlexRaydetailedresult table.
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Serial Decode
Using the Result Table
Besidesdisplayingthedecodedserialdata,theresult tablehelpsyoutoinspect the acquisition.
Zoom&Search
Touchinganycellof the table opensa zoom centeredaroundthepart of the waveform corresponding to theindex. TheZn dialogopenstoallow youto rescalethezoom,or to Searchtheacquisition.Thisis a quickwayto navigate toeventsof interest intheacquisition.
Tip:Whenina summarytable,touchanydatacellotherthanIndexand Protocoltozoom.
Thetablerowscorrespondingto the zoomedarea arehighlighted,asis the zoomedareaof the source waveform.The highlight colorreflectsthezoom that it relatesto (Z1yellow,Z2 pink,etc.). Asyouadjust thezoom scale,the highlightedareamayexpandto severalrows of thetable,orfadetoindicatethat only apart of that Indexisshown inthezoom.
When there aremultipledecoders running,each can haveitsown zoom of thedecoding highlighted onthe summarytable at thesame time.
Note:Thezoom number isnolongertiedtothedecoder number. Thesoftware triesto match the numbers,but if it cannot it uses the next zoom that isnot yet turnedon.
Examplemulti-decoder summarytable,bothzoomedindexes highlighted.
FilterResults
Thosecolumnsof datathat havea drop-down arrow intheheadercellcanbe filtered: Touch the headercelltoopentheDecodeTableFilterdialog.
Select afilter Operatorandentera Valuethat satisfiesthefiltercondition.
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Operators Data Types Returns
=, ≠ Numeric or Text Exact matches only
>, ≥, <, ≤ Numeric All data that satisfies the operator
In Range, Out Range Numeric All data within/without range limits
Equals Any (on List), Does Not Equal Any (on List)
Contains, Does Not Contain Text All data that contains or does not contain the string
Text All data that is/is not an exact match to any full value on
the list. Enter a comma-delimited list of values, no spaces before or after the comma, although there may be spaces within the strings.
Note:Once the Operatorisselected,thedialog showstheformat that maybe enteredin Value for that column of data.Numeric valuesmust bewithin.01%toleranceof aresult tobe considered a match. Text valuesare case-sensitive,includingspaceswithinthestring.
Select Enabletoturnon thecolumnfilter;deselect it to turnoff thefilter. Use theDisableAllbuttonto quicklyturn off multiple filters.The filtersettingsremainin placeuntilchanged andcan bere-enabledon subsequent decodings.
Thosecolumnsof datathat havebeenfiltered willhavea funnelicon(similartoExcel)intheheadercell, andtheindexnumberswillbe colorized.
Examplefiltered decodertable.
Onsummarytables,onlytheTime,Protocol,andStatuscolumnscanbe filtered. If youapplyfilterstoa singledecodertable,theannotationisapplied toonlythat portionof the waveform
correspondingtothefiltered results,soyou canquicklyseewherethose resultsoccurred.Annotationsare not affected whena summarytableis filtered.
Also,eyediagrams aremodifiedtorepresent onlythefilteredresults,which canhelp to identifyexactly which indicesof dataare thecauseof signalintegrityproblems.
ViewDetails
When viewinga summarytable,touchthe Indexnumberin thefirstcolumn to drop-in the detailed decodingof that record.Touch theIndexcellagaintohidethedetails.
If thereismoredatathancanbedisplayedin acell,the cell ismarkedwith awhite triangleinthelower­right corner. Touch thistoopena pop-up showingthefulldecoding.
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Serial Decode
Navigate
Ina single decodertable,touchtheIndexcolumnheader(top,left-most cellof the table) toopenthe DecodeSetupdialog.Thisisespeciallyhelpful foradjustingthedecoder duringinitialtuning.
When inasummary table,theIndexcolumnheadercellopenstheSerialDecode dialog,whereyou can enable/disable allthedecoders.Touch theProtocolcelltoopentheDecode Setupdialogforthedecoder that producedthat indexof data.
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Customizing the Result Table
Performancemaybeenhanced if youreduce thenumber of columnsintheresult tabletoonlythose you needtosee.It is alsoespeciallyhelpfulif youplantoexport thedata.
1. On the DecodeSetuptab,touch theConfigureTable button.
2. On the ViewColumnspop-updialog,markthe columnsyouwant toappearandclearthose youwish toremove. Onlythosecolumnsselectedwillappearon the oscilloscopedisplay.
Note:If acolumn isnot relevant to thedecoderas configured,it willnot appear.
Toreturnto the presetdisplay,touchDefault.
3. Touch theClosebutton whenfinished.
Onsomedecoders,youmayalsousetheView Columns pop-uptoset aBit RateTolerancepercentage. When implemented,thetoleranceisusedtoflagout-of-tolerancemessages(messagesoutsidetheuser­definedbitrate +-tolerance)bycolorizingin redtheBitrateshown inthetable.
You maycustomizethesizeof theresult tablebychanging theTable# Rowssetting on theDecodeSetup dialog. Keep inmindthat thedeeperthetable,themorecompressed thewaveform displayon the grid, especially if therearealsomeasurements turnedon.
Exporting Result Table Data
You can manuallyexport thedetailed result tabledatatoa .CSVfile:
1. Press the Front PanelSerialDecode button,orchooseAnalysis>SerialDecode,thenopenthe Decode Setuptab.
2. Optionally,touch Browseandentera new FileNameandoutput folder.
3. Touch theExportTablebutton.
Export filesare bydefault created intheD:\Applications\<protocol>folder,althoughyoucanchooseany other folder on the oscilloscope oranyexternaldriveconnectedtoahost USBport.Thedatawilloverwrite thelast export file saved,unlessyouenter a newfilename.
Note:Onlyrowsandcolumnsdisplayedare exported.Whenasummarytableisexported,a combinedfileissavedinD:\Applications\SerialDecode.Separatefilesforeach decoder aresaved inD:\Applications\<protocol>.
TheSaveTablefeaturewillautomaticallycreate tabular datafileswitheachacquisitiontrigger.The file namesare automaticallyincremented sothat data isnot lost.ChooseFile > SaveTable from the oscilloscopemenu barandselect Decodexasthesource.
Using MsgToValue
MsgToValue enablesyou to applyoscilloscope featurestoa subset of the result table andisaimedat protocolswith addressedpacketscontainingvarying types of data,likeCAN,LIN,MIL1553 andmany others. With it,youcanfilter the tableby a particularIDtoextract andconvert decodeddatavaluesintoa
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Serial Decode
parameterthat canbeusedforothermath or measurement processes,in particulartheTrack function. Thetrack of theMsgtoValue parameteris,in effect,a DigitaltoAnalog Converter (DAC)that candisplay digitally-encodedsensor dataasan analog waveform.
MsgToValue requiresseveralselectionsfrom theparameterset up subdialogs:
l Choosewhetheror not youwishto FilterbyIDor accept Anypackets.
l If youare filteringbyID,enterthedesiredIDontheIDsubdialog.
l OntheValuesubdialog,entertheDatatoExtractandanyConversiontobe made.
Follow thesestepstodefine the values toextract:
1. SYMBOLICusers:touchBrowse DBC.Expandthe.dbc file,then click onthedesiredsymboltofilter onoccurrences of that symbol.
Note:Thisbutton willnot appear if yourinstallationdoesnot support symbolic decoding.
2. UnderDatato Extract,beginby enteringtheStartpositionandthe# Bitstoextract.
3. Choosethe Encodingtype if thesignalusesencoding,otherwiseleaveit Unsigned.
4. UnderConversion,enterthea. Coefficient andb.Termthat satisfy the formula: Value=Coefficient * RawValue+Term.
5. Optionally,entera Unit fortheextracteddecimalvalue.
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Searching DecodedWaveforms

TouchingtheActiontoolbar Searchbuttonbuttonon theDecodeSetupdialogcreatesa 10:1zoom of the centerof the decodersource trace andopenstheSearchsubdialog.
Touchingtheanycellof the result tablesimilarlycreates azoom andopensSearch,but of onlythat part of thewaveform corresponding to theindex(plusanypadding).
Tip:In summarytablemode,touchanycellotherthan IndexandProtocolto createthezoom.
Basic Search
OntheSearch subdialog,select what type of dataelement to Searchfor.Thesebasic criteriavaryby protocol,but generally correspondtothecolumnsof datadisplayed onthedetaileddecoderresult table.
Optionally:
l CheckUse Value and enter theValue to findinthat column.If youdo not entera Value,Searchgoes
tothebeginning of the next data element of that typefoundintheacquisition.
l Enter aLeft/Right Pad,thepercentageof horizontaldivision aroundmatching data todisplay onthe
zoom.
l CheckShowFrame tomarkontheoverlaytheframeinwhichtheevent was found.
AfterenteringtheSearch criteria,usethePrevand Nextbuttonsto navigate tothematchingdatain the table,simultaneouslyshiftingthezoom totheportionof thewaveform that correspondstothematch.
Thetouch screenmessage barshowsdetailsabout thetablerow andcolumnwherethematchingdata wasfound.
Advanced Search
Advanced Searchallowsyoutocreate complexcriteriabyusingBooleanAND/ORlogic to combineup-to­threedifferent searches.OntheAdvanced dialog,choosetheCol(umns) toSearch1 - 3 andtheValueto findjust asyou woulda basic search,thenchoosethe Operator(s) that represent therelationship between them.
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Serial Decode

Decoding in Sequence Mode

Not supportedonlegacyWaveSurfer3000 models.
Decoderscanbe applied to SequenceModeacquisitions. Inthiscase,theindexnumbersontheresult table arefollowedbythesegment in which theindexwasfoundandthenumberof thesamplewithinthat segment:index(segment-sample).
Note:For someprotocols,theSerialTrigger doesnot support SequenceModeacquisitions, althoughyoucouldstilldecodeSequenceModeacquisitionsmadeusinga different triggertype.
Examplefiltered resulttablefora sequencemodeacquisition.
Intheexampleabove,each segment wastriggeredontheoccurrenceof ID0x400,whichoccurred only once persegment,sothereisonlyonesampleper segment.TheTimeshown for each indexin a Sequence acquisitionisabsolute timefrom thefirst segment triggertothebeginningof the sample segment.
Otherwise,the resultsare thesame asforothertypesof acquisitionsand can bezoomed,filtered, searched,or usedtonavigate. When aSequenceModetable isfiltered,thewaveform annotationappears ononlythosesegmentsandsamples correspondingtothefiltered results.
Note:Waveform annotations can onlybe shownwhen theSequence DisplayModeisAdjacent. Annotationsare not adjustedwhena SequenceModesummarytableisfiltered,onlytheresult table data.
Multipledecoderscanbe runonSequenceModeacquisitions,but ina summarytable,eachdecoderwill havea first segment,secondsegment,etc.,andtheremaybeany numberof samplesin each. As inany summarytable,thesampleswillbe interleavedandindexed accordingto their actualacquisitiontime. So, youmay find(3-2)of onedecoderbefore (1-1) of another.Filteron theProtocol column toseethe sequentialresultsfor onlyone decoder.
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Improving DecoderPerformance

Digitaloscilloscopesrepeatedly capture"windows intime".Betweencaptures,theoscilloscopeis processingthepreviousacquisition.
Thefollowingsuggestionscan improvedecoderperformance andenableyoutobetter exploit the long memoriesof TeledyneLeCroyoscilloscopes.
Where possible,decode SequenceModeacquisitions.ByusingSequencemode,youcan takemany shorter acquisitionsovera longer periodof time,sothat memoryis targetedon eventsof interest.
Note:For someprotocols,theSerialTrigger doesnot support SequenceModeacquisitions, althoughyoucouldstilldecodeSequenceModeacquisitionsmadeusinga different triggertype.
Paralleltest usingmultipleoscilloscopechannels.Up-to-fourdecoders canrun simultaneously,each using different dataor clockinput sources. Thisapproach isstatisticallyinterestingbecausemulti-channel acquisitionsoccurin parallel.The processingisserialized,but thedecoding of each input onlyrequires 20%additionaltime,whichcanlessenoveralltimefor productionvalidationtesting,etc.
Avoidoversampling. Toomanysamplesslowtheprocessingchain. Optimizeforanalysis,not display.Theoscilloscope hasa preferencesetting(Utilities>Preference Setup>
Preferences)to controlhow CPUtime isallocated. If youare primarilyconcernedwithquicklyprocessing data forexport toothersystems(such as AutomatedTest Equipment)ratherthanviewingit personally,it can helptoswitch the OptimizeFor:settingtoAnalysis.
Turnofftables,annotations,andwaveform traces.Aslongas downstream processessuchas measurementsor Pass/Failtests referenceadecoder,thedecodercanfunctionwithout actually displayingresults.If youdo not needtoseetheresults but onlyneedtheexported data,youcan deselect View Decode,or minimize thenumber of linesina table.Closinginput tracesalsohelps.
Decreasethenumberofcolumnsintables.Onlytheresult tablerowsand columnsshown areexported. It isbest toreduce tables to onlytheessentialcolumnsif the data istobe exported,asexport time is proportionaltotheamount of data exchanged.
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Serial Decode

Automating the Decoder

Aswith all other oscilloscopesettings,decoderfeatures suchasresult tableconfigurationand export can beconfiguredremotelyusingCOM Automation.
Note:Theexamplesshownhere weretakenfrom aCANFDdecoding,but alldecoder result tables sharethesame Automationstructure.
Configuring the Decoder
Theobject pathto the decoder ControlVariables(CVARs)is: app.SerialDecode.Decoden Where nisthedecodernumber,1to4. Allrelevant decoderobjectswillbe nestedunder this.Usethe
XStreamBrowserutility(installedontheoscilloscopedesktop) to viewtheentireobject hierarchy.
Accessing the Result Table
Thedecoder Result Tableis acomplexmatrixwith secondarytables nestedwithinsome of itscells.The table data can beaccessedusingtheAutomationobject:
app.SerialDecode.Decoden.out.Result.cellvalue(RowA,ColA)(RowB,ColB) Where:
n:=1 to4 RowA:=0 to K(0=Row IndexNumber) ColA:=0 to L(0=ColumnHeader) RowB:=0=MeasuredValue,1=StartTime,2=StopTime ColB:=0 to M
Complicatingthematterof accessingthetableis that thereare twotypesof cellthat mayappearinthe Result table,SimpleCellandTableCell,whichare accessedin slightlydifferent ways,andthat some columns arealwayshiddenfrom view,yet theyarestillcounted amongthecolumnswhenquerying.
Reading the Structure of the Result Table
Inorder to successfullyaccessthedata,it isnecessaryto first ascertain howmanyrows andcolumnsare actuallyin yourdecoderresult table,andwhat celltypeis usedfor the columnof datayou wishto read.
Todo this,we haveprovidedthescript,ExampleTableSerialDecode.vbs,whichbydefault installsinto oscilloscope:C:\LeCroy\XStream\Scripts\Automation\ExampleTableSerialDecode.vbs.
Tip:Thisscript may alsobe usedas abasisforyourown remote controlprograms,orusedas isto readdecoder table data.
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Withthedecodertable populated,run the script from theoscilloscope (ora remotePCif youhaveaDCOM connectiontotheoscilloscope).The script will generate the comma-delimitedfile, ExampleTableSerialDecode.txt,whichmaybeimported into Excelor other spreadsheet softwaretoshow thetable structure.
Examplespreadsheet after importingExampleTableSerialDecode.txt.
Thefirst tworowsof theimported file willshowthetotalnumber of rows andcolumnsinthetable,inthis example8 rowsand34 columns. Thisindicatestherangeof your RowAandColAkeys.
Thethirdrow of theimported filewillreplicatethecolumnheadersof the Result Table(0),withindividual records(frames,messages,etc.,dependingon how youhave"packetized"the decoding)appearingin subsequent rows (1-n).
Countingfrom 0 at thefarleft (RowIndexNumber),findthecolumn of thedata youwish toaccess.That willbetheColAkeyinyourscript.
Note:Donot confuse the number/letter of thecellsintheimported filewith the rows/columnsof theResult Table.
Hiddencolumns(whether hidden byyouor thesoftware) must stillbecounted,so,in the exampleabove, PRIOiscolumn3,makingID column 4,and so forth. So,if youwished to accesstheIDof record6,thefirst argument of your querywouldbe:(6,4)
Withineach column,SimpleCellscontaina singlevaluethat appearsat the specified locationin the table. Intheaboveexample,columns0 through2 areSimpleCells.SimpleCellVBSaccesssyntax is:
vbs?'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(RowA,ColA)' However,manycellsof the Result Tableare theTableCelltype,nestedtablesthat maycontainmultiple
"B"columnsand alwaysthree"B"rowsthat,whencoupledwith the columnkey,each return adifferent componentof the measurement:(0,ColB)=MeasuredValue,(1,ColB)=StartTime,(2,ColB)=StopTime. Thesecellscanbe identified bythelist of semi-colondelimited values withinthem. The first threevaluesin thelistare Col0,thesecondthreevaluesareCol1,and soforth.
ToaccessTableCells,the(RowB,ColB)argument issent in a secondparenthesis,followingtheA "locators":
vbs?'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(RowA,ColA)(RowB,ColB)' Althoughtheimageabovedoesnow showit,theIDand IDEcolumnseach containasingle-column,three-
row nestedtable.To readthe valuesfrom such columns,youwouldadd the argument (0,0) following your "locators":(RowA,4),(0,0)and(RowA,6),(0,0) respectively.
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ReadingtheData column(RowA,12)ismorecomplicated,becauseit containsa multi-column,three-row nestedtable,asindicatedbythelongerlist of values. ToaccessthefullData column valuefor each record,allColBs must be calledbyyour script.
For example,if thesewere yourdecoder results:
ThefollowingtableshowsexampleVBSqueriesyoumight addtoa remotecontrol program toreaddata from thedecoderresult table.
Remote Queries
vbs? 'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.rows' 8 Number of table rows
vbs? 'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(6,0)’ vbs? 'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(6,1)' vbs? 'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(6,2)'
vbs? 'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(6,12)(0,0)' 128 Data value in ColB0 of
vbs? 'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(6,12)(1,0)' 2.62461...E-03
vbs? 'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(6,12)(2,0)' 2.62911...E-03 StopTime of Data in
vbs? 'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(6,12)(0,1)' 72 Data value in ColB1 of
vbs? 'return=app.SerialDecode.Decode1.out.Result.cellvalue(6,12)(1,1)' 2.62911...E-03
Returned Value (s)
6
2.58442...E-03 FD
What Is Read by Query
(incl. header Row 0)
Value in first 3 columns of Row 6, including: Index # in Row 6 Col 0 Time in Row 6 Col 1 Format in Row 6 Col 2
Row 6 Col 12
StartTime of Data in ColB0 of Row 6 Col 12 (hidden)
ColB0 of Row 6 Col 12
Row 6 Col 12
StartTime of Data in ColB1 of Row 6 Col 12 (hidden)
Modifying the Result Table
TheCVARapp.SerialDecode.Decoden.Decode.ColumnStatecontainsapipe-delimitedlist of allthetable columns andtheircurrent state(visible=on,hidden=off). For example:
app.SerialDecode.Decode1.Decode.ColumnState= "Idx=On|Time=On|Data=On|..." If youwish tohideor displaytablecolumns,sendthe fullstringwiththestate changedfrom "on"to"off",or
viceversa,ratherthanremoveanycolumnfrom thelist.
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Serial Trigger

Serial Trigger
Note:Theseinstructions pertainonlyto the -TDand-TDMEoptionsforthoseprotocolsand
encodingschemeswhereserialtriggerissupported:8b10b,64b66b,80-bit NRZ,AudioBus (I2S/RJ/LJ),CAN,CANFD,FlexRay,I2C,I3C,LIN,MIL-1553,SENT,SMBus,SPI,SPMI,UART­RS232andUSB2.
TDoptionsprovideadvancedserialdata triggering inadditiontodecoding. Serialdatatriggeringis implementeddirectlywithinthehardwareof the oscilloscopeacquisitionsystem.The serial data trigger scrutinizesthedatastream inrealtime torecognize"on-the-fly"theuser-definedserialdataconditions. When the desiredpatternisrecognized,theoscilloscopetakes areal-time acquisitionof allinput signalsas configuredin theinstrument'sacquisitionsettings.Thisallowsdecodeandanalysisof the signalbeing triggered on,aswellasconcomitant datastreamsand analog signals.
Theserialtriggersupportsfairlysimpleconditions,suchas "triggerat the beginningof anypacket,"but the conditionscanbe mademorerestrictivedependingon theprotocolandtheavailable filters,such as "triggeronpacketswithID = 0x456". Themost complextriggersincorporate a double conditionon theID anddata,forexample "triggeronpacketswithID= 0x456and whendata inposition27 exceeds1000".
Note:Thetriggeranddecode systems areindependent,although theyare seamlessly coordinated intheuserinterfaceandthearchitecture. It istherefore possibletouse the serialtriggerwithout decodingtheacquisition,or todecodeacquisitionsmadewithout usingtheserialtrigger.
Requirements
Serialtriggeroptionsrequiretheappropriate hardware(pleaseconsult support),aninstalledoptionkey, andthelatest firmwarerelease.
Restrictions
Theserialtriggeronlyoperatesononeprotocol at a time.It isthereforeimpossible toexpressa condition suchas "triggeronCANframeswithID=0x456followed byLINpacket with Adress0xEBC."

Linking Triggerand Decoder

Aquickwaytoset upa serialtrigger istolinkit to adecoder bycheckingthe LinktoTrigger("On")boxon theSerialDecode dialog. Linkingtriggerand decoderallowsyoutoconfigurethetriggerwiththeexact same valuesthat areusedfordecoding thesignal (inparticularthebit rate),savingtheextra effort needed tore-entervaluesontheserialtriggerset updialogs.
Whilethedecoderandthetriggerhavedistinct setsof controls,whenthelinkisactive,achangeto the bit rate inthedecoderwillimmediatelypropagate tothetriggerandvice-versa.
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CAN/CAN FD Serial Trigger Setup

Toaccesstheserialtrigger dialogs:
l Touch the Triggerdescriptor boxor choose Trigger>TriggerSetupfrom theMenuBar. l OntheTrigger dialog,touchtheSerialTypebutton,thentheCAN Stdor CANFDStandardbutton.
Workingfrom left toright,make thedesiredselectionsfrom thetriggersetupdialog.
Source Setup
InDATA,select thedatasource input channel. Use theThresholdcontroltoadjust theverticallevelfor the trigger.MuchlikeanEdgetrigger,youmust
specify thelevel at whichtoprocesstheincomingsignaltodetermine whether theserialdatapattern meetsthetriggercondition.
Tip:One wayto test that thethresholdis set correctlyisto initiallyset the TriggerTypetoAll.If you seeadecodedmessage appeareach timetheoscilloscopetriggers,the leveliscorrect.
Frame Type
ThesecontrolsappearonlyforCANFDtriggers.Theyallowyoutospecifyinformationabout theframe types to befoundinthedatastream.
1. Choosewhether theEDLbit Type isBoth(X),CANStd (0)only,or CANFD(1)only.Both enables triggeringon streamswithmixedlegacyandextended frame types.
2. If usingCANFDType,also:
l CheckISOFrameif thestream supportsISOframes. l Choosea BRSelectof Both (X),Normal(0),or FD(1). Both examines frameswithor without a
bit rateswitch. NormalandFDexamineonlyframes withtherespectiveBRSbit values.
CAN Setup
If youhavenot linkedthetriggertoapre-set decoder,entertheNominalBitrate usedduringtheArbitration sequence.UsetheUpand Downarrows to scroll the list of standardbit ratesand makea selection,or touchBitrateanduse the Adjust knobor theVirtualKeypad toenter thevalue.
AlsoentertheData Bitrate usedduringthe Datasequence.
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Serial Trigger
Note:Whenthetriggerislinked,this valueisdynamically linked to thedecodingbitrate;theyare
alwaysthesame.
Trigger Type
Thesebuttonsdetermine whichframes/fieldsareincluded inthetriggersearch:
l Alltriggers uponfinding the first CANframe. l RemotetriggersuponfindingmatchingFrameIDvaluesinRemoteframes (only).Completethe
FrameIDSetup describedbelow.
l IDtriggers uponfinding matchingFrame IDvalues inanytypeof frame.Complete the FrameID
Setupdescribedbelow.
l ID+DatatriggersuponfindingmatchingFrameIDvaluesand data patterns.Completeboththe
FrameIDSetup andData PatternSetupdescribedbelow.
l Errortriggerswhena protocolerror occurs.Select alltheerrors that canproduce a trigger from
belowErrorType.
Viewing Format
Choosetodisplay/enter valuesin Binary,Hex(adecimal)or Sym(bolic)format (depending onyour capabilities).Thisselectionpropagates throughout thetriggersetup. Toggling formatsdoesnot result in lossof information,but will transform theappearance of values.
Note:SYMBOLICusers,follow theSymbolicSetup belowforRemote,ID,andID+Datatriggers insteadof Frame IDSetupand DataPatternSetup.
Frame IDSetup
FrameIDSetup isusedtotriggeruponencounteringeithera specific IDvalueor anyvaluerelativetoa referenceIDvalue(e.g.,greaterthanx).
1. Choosethe IDCondition(Boolean operator) that describestherelationship to theFrameIDvalue. Tousea rangeof values,chooseIn Range orOut Range.
2. InID Bits,chooseto trigger on11-bit (StandardCAN) messages,29-bit (ExtendedCAN)messages, orALL.
3. Enter thereference Frame IDvalue. When settingarange,alsoenterthestopvaluein ToFrame ID.
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Data Pattern Setup
Create aconditionstatement that describestheDatafield pattern upon which totrigger.Thisconditionis addedto the FrameIDcondition.
1. Choosethe Data Condition(Boolean operator) that describestherelationship to thereferenceData Value.To usea rangeof values,chooseInRangeorOut Range.
2. Set DLC(DataLengthCode)to any integervaluefrom 0 to 8.It shouldmatchtheDLCof theCAN message(s)onwhichtotrigger.
3. Choosefrom eitherMotorola (default) or Intel Byte Order.
4. UseStartBit and# Data Bitstogethertodefinea stringof up-to-64contiguousdata bits (8data bytes)startingfrom anylocationin the messagedata field. TheStart Bit canbe anyvaluefrom 0 to 63,it isnot limited to thestart of a fullbyteor anibble.TheStart Bit valueis alwaysin LSBformat, thebit numberingshown onthedecodedwaveform,withbit 0 at thefarleft andbit 63at thefar right. Make suretheStart Bit valuemakessenseinrelationtotheDLCvalue(e.g.,aStart Bit value of 32 with aDLCValueof 4isnot goingto result inasuccessfultrigger).The total# DataBits can beanyvaluefrom 1to 64.
5. Choosea SignTypeof signed orunsignedintegerformat.
6. Enter thereference Data Value.Whenusinga range,enterthestart Data Value.For Hexadecimal format values,if desired,youcanprecedetheIDvaluewith 0x,but thisis not necessary.Besure to enter aDataValue that matchestheDLCValue.
When using arange,enterthestopvalueinDataValue To.
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Symbolic Setup
ThisfeatureisonlyenabledwhenaTD SymbolicorTDMESymbolicoptionisinstalled.
Symbolic triggeringsets the triggerconditionson values definedina symbolfile.
1. Browsetoandselect the SymbolFile.
2. Touch theDBCbuttontoviewtheselectedsymbolfile.Apop-up dialog displaysa hierarchyof Nodes,Messages,and Signals.
3. Expandthelist toseethevaluesdefinedfor each.
Serial Trigger
4. Select theelement on which totrigger,thentouchOK.
5. If youare settingup asymbolic ID+Data trigger,alsocreatea conditionstatement that describes thedata valueuponwhichto trigger.Allvalues that meet theconditionwillcauseatrigger.
l ChoosetheCondition(Booleanoperator)that describestherelationshiptothereference
value,thenenter theValue.
l Tousea rangeof values,chooseIn Range orOut RangeandalsoentertheTovalue.
TheUnitsassignedto the values aretakendirectlyfrom thesymbolfile.
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Sampling Point
TheSamplingPoint dialogappearsbehindthetriggersetupdialogfor enteringtheNominalBit Time(s) so that the software can determinethebest samplingpoint. CANFDusersshould alsoset thedata phase DataBit Time(s),which can runat different data ratesthanthearbitrationphase.
Thereare twoMenuFormatsforsettingthesampling point.
Note:If thetriggerislinked toa decoder,thesefieldswillalreadyreflect the entriesonthedecoder Samplingsubdialog. Changing values herewillalsochangethedecoder.
IntheBasicformat,youneedonlyset theRequestedSamplingPoint position(s)withinthebit usedbyyour nodes,expressedas apercentageof the UI.Accordingto thepercentage(s) entered,Prop_Seg,Phase_ Seg1,and Phase_Seg2timesare estimated by thesoftware.
Note:For most users,thedefault Basicsampling point workssufficientlywell. However,an incorrect RequestedSamplingPoint percentagemayresult infalseerrordetermination.If yousee false errortriggersor errorframesin thedecoding,usetheAdvanced menuformat toenterthe values manually.
IntheAdvancedformat,youenter thenumberof time quantasfor the followingsegments,accordingto yourDUT'sspecification:
l Prop_Seg,part of thebit time usedto compensateforphysicalnetworkdelaytimes. l Phase_Seg1,numberof timequantumsbefore thesamplingpoint. l Phase_Seg2,numberof timequantumsafter thesamplingpoint. l SJW(SynchronizationJumpWidth).
Thereisno fieldfor enteringtheSync_Seg,becausethesoftwarealwaysusesthevalue1. Thesum of the Sync_Seg,Prop_Seg,Phase_Seg1andPhase_Seg2must beequaltotheavailable time
quantasin eachphaseforthesettingstoworkcorrectly.
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Serial Trigger
Tip:The lengthin timeof onequanta depends ontheclockrateof your node.Fora 40 MHzclock,
onequanta is1/40 MHz,or25 nslong.Asystem witha 500 kHzarbitrationrateand an8 MHzdata rate has80 timequantasfor onearbitrationphasebit and5 timequantasfor onedataphasebit.
When the triggerisenabled,theActualSamplingPoint levelsusedaredisplayed on thedialogin either format.In the Advanced menu,youmayseethisvaluechangeas youchangethevalues ineach field.
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LIN Serial Trigger Setup

Toaccesstheserialtrigger dialogs:
l Touch the Triggerdescriptorboxor chooseTrigger>TriggerSetupfrom theMenu Bar. l Touch the SerialTypebutton,and the LINStandardbutton.
Then,workingfrom left toright,makethedesiredselectionsfrom theLINdialog.
Source Setup
InDATA,select thedatasource input channel. Use theThresholdcontroltoadjust theverticallevelfor the trigger.MuchlikeanEdgetrigger,youmust
specify thelevel at whichtoprocesstheincomingsignaltodetermine whether theserialdatapattern is meetingtheset triggercondition.
LIN Setup
If youhavenot linkedthetriggertoapre-set decoder,entertheBitrate of the bustowhichyouare connected.Thisbit rate selection isdynamicallylinked tothedecodingbit rate(theyare alwaysthesame value). UsetheUpor Downarrowstoscrollthelist of standardbit ratesandmakea selection,or touchthe controlandenterthevalueasclose aspossible to theactualbusrate.
Trigger Type
Theoscilloscopecanbeconfiguredtotriggerupona simpleLINStart of Frame(Break),a FrameIDvalue, acombination of FrameIDvaluesand Datapatterns,or error.ChoosethedesiredTrigger Typeand complete the remainingfieldsrequired to set thetriggercondition:
l Error,complete theChecksum ErrorSetup below. l FrameID,complete theFrameIDSetup below. l ID+Data,complete both FrameIDSetup andData PatternSetupbelow.
Setup Format
Choosetodisplay/enter valuesin BinaryorHex(adecimal)format.The selection propagatesthroughout theentire trigger setup. Toggling betweenformats doesnot result inlossof information,but willtransform theappearanceof values.
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Serial Trigger
Frame IDSetup
FrameIDSetup isusedtotriggeruponencounteringeithera specific IDvalueor anyvaluerelativetoa referenceIDvalue(e.g.,greaterthanx).Usethesecontrolsto createa condition statement that describesthe triggercriteria.
ChoosetheID Condition(Booleanoperator)that describestherelationshiptotheFrame IDvalue. Tousea rangeof values,chooseInRangeor Out Range.
Enter thereferenceFrame IDvalue.Whensetting arange,enterthestart FrameID. When settingarange,enterthestopvalueinToFrameID.
Data Pattern Setup
Create aconditionstatement that describestheDatafield pattern upon which totrigger.Thisconditionis addedto the FrameIDcondition.
ChoosetheDataCondition(Booleanoperator)that describestherelationshiptothereferenceData Value. Tousea rangeof values,chooseIn Range orOut Range.
Enter thereferenceDataValue. When usinga range,enter thestart Data Value.In Hexadecimalformat, data must beentered asfullbyteseventhoughtheminimum requiredacceptableentryisa nibble. If less thana fullbyteisentered,thena"don't care"(wildcard) Xprecedesthepatternvalues entered.Upto 8 bytesof data canbe entered asapatternvalue. If lessthan8bytesof dataisenteredforthepattern value, thedata isassumedtobeginat DataByte 1intheLINmessage. If thisisnot desired,then addpreceding ortrailingXnibblestothepattern value.
When using arange,enterthestopvalueinDataValue To. # DataBytesdefaults tothelength,in bytes,of the patternset in the Data Value.If youchangethelength
tobelessthanthisvalue,it wouldtruncate the beginningof the patternvalue.If youweretoincrease the patternlength,it wouldadd "don't care"XXbytevaluestothebeginningof the pattern value.The maximum numberof data bytesis8,per theLINstandard.
Checksum Error Setup
Enter theErrorFrameIDtosearch. Checkalltheerrortypeson which totrigger: ChecksumError,HeaderParity,orSyncByte. If Checksum Error isselected,also enter theLINSpec. (standard)usedtoencode the dataand the # Data
Bytesin amessage.
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FlexRay Serial Trigger Setup

Toaccesstheserialtrigger dialogs:
l Touch the Triggerdescriptorboxor chooseTrigger>TriggerSetupfrom theMenu Bar. l Touch the SerialTypebutton,and the FlexRayStandardbutton.
Then,workingfrom left toright,makethedesiredselectionsfrom theFlexRaydialog.
Source Setup
Thesecontrolsare usebyalltriggertypes. InDATA,select thedatasource input channel. Use theThresholdcontrolstoset theHighandLow verticallevelfor the trigger. Much likean Edgetrigger,
youmust specifythe levelat whichto processtheincomingsignaltodeterminewhethertheserialdata patternis meetingtheset triggercondition.FlexRayisa tri-levelsignalandrequirestwo voltagethreshold settingswhichenabletheoscilloscopetodistinguishbetween1 and0.
If desired,usetheFindThresholdbuttonto set appropriatethresholds based ontheinput signal characteristics.
FlexRay Setup
If youhavenot linkedthetriggertoapre-set decoder,entertheBitrate of the bustowhichyouare connected.Thisvalueisdynamicallylinkedtothedecodingbitrate;theyare alwaysthesame.Touch the arrow buttonstoscroll throughstandardbitrates(2.5,5.0 or10.0 Mb/s),or touchBitrateand enter the value usingtheAdjust knobor theVirtualKeypad.
Trigger Type
Theoscilloscopecanbeconfiguredtotriggerupontheoccurrence of a simpleTransmit Start Sequence (TSS),a Symbol,various Framecharacteristics (ID,CycleCount,or Qualifiers),or aFlexRayerror.Choose thedesired TriggerTypeandcompletetheremaining fieldsrequiredtoset thetriggercondition:
l TSS,completeSetupFormat below. l Frame,complete SetupFormat and FrameTriggerbelow. l Symbol,complete theSymbolTriggerbelow. l Error,complete Error Triggerbelow.
Setup Format
Choosetodisplay/enter valuesin BinaryorHex(adecimal)format.The selection propagatesthroughout theentire trigger setup. Toggling betweenformats doesnot result inlossof information,but willtransform theappearanceof values.
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Serial Trigger
Frame Trigger Setup
FrameID
FrameIDSetup isusedtotriggeruponencounteringeithera specific IDvalueor anyvaluerelativetoa referenceIDvalue(e.g.,greaterthanx).Usethesecontrolsto createa condition statement that describesthe Frame IDcriteria.
ChoosetheCondition(Booleanoperator)that describestherelationshiptotheFrameIDvalue.To usea rangeof values,chooseInRangeor Out Range.
Enter thereferenceValue. When settinga range,enter thestart FrameIDinValueandthestopFrameID value inTo.
Tip:UseXasa wildcard ("Don't Care")inanyposition.To effectivelyexcludetheFrameIDas a trigger condition,choosetheEqualconditionandthedefaultvalueof all Xs.
CycleCount
TheCycle Count isa decimal value between0 and63 correlatingtotheFlexRayCycleCount numbering system. Thedefault CycleCount is 0. Youmay alsospecifya Repetition Factorto allow fortriggering when Cyclemultiplexing isbeingused.ThisconditionisaddedtoanyFrame IDconditions.
Aswith Frame ID,createa Booleanstatement describingtheCycleCount criteria.Omit theCycle Count criteriabyselectingCondition"Don'tCare".
When the CycleCount conditionisset to Equal,set a RepetitionFactorof 1,2,4,8,16,32or 64.
FrameQualifiers
DefinedintheFlexRayspecification,theoccurrence of PayloadPreamble,NullFrame,Sync Frame,or StartupFramebits may beset astriggerconditions.TheseconditionsareaddedtoanyFrame IDorCycle
Count conditions. Eachqualifier can beset to oneorzero,or omittedbyselecting"Don't Care".Thetriggerwillbe restricted
toframeswith matchingvaluesintherespectivefield.
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Symbol Trigger Setup
TheSymbolselectiontriggersuponfinding anyframe that includesanyoneof the selected symbols.Mark allthedesiredsymbol types.
Error Trigger Setup
TheError selection triggers uponthe occurenceof anyFlexRayprotocolor CRCerror.Markallthedesired errortypes.If youchoosePayload CRC,alsoselect thePayloadinput channel.
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Serial Trigger

Using the Decoderwith the Trigger

Akeyfeatureof TeledyneLeCroy trigger anddecodeoptionsis the integrationof thedecoder functionality withthetrigger.Whileyoumaynot be interestedinthedecoded data perse,usingthedecodedwaveform can helpwithunderstandingandtuningthetrigger.
Stop and Look
Decodingwith repetitivetriggerscan beverydynamic.Stop the acquisitionanduse the decodertools suchas Search,or oscilloscopetoolssuch asTriggerScan,toinspect thewaveform forevents of interest. Touch anddragthepausedtrace to showtimepre-or post-trigger.
Optimize the Grid
Theinitialdecoding maybe verycompressed andimpossibleto read.Trythe following:
l Increasetheheight of thetrace bydecreasingthegainsetting (V/Div) of thedecoder sourcechannel.
Thiscausesthetrace tooccupymore of theavailable grid.
l Changeyour Displaysettingstoturnoff unnecessarygrids.The AutoGrid feature automatically
closesunusedgrids.Onmanyoscilloscopes,youcanmanuallymovetracestoconsolidategrids.
l Closesetupdialogs.
Use Zoom
Thedefaulttriggerpoint isat zero(center),marked bya smalltriangleof the samecolorastheinput channelat thebottom of thegrid.Zoom smallareasaround the trigger point.The zoom willautomatically expand tofit thewidthof thescreenona new grid.Thiswillhelpyoutosee that your triggerisoccurringon thebits youspecified.
If youdrag atrace toofarleft or right of thetriggerpoint,themessagedecoding may disappearfrom the grid.Youcanprevent "losing"the decodeby creatinga zoom of whateverportionof the decodeinterests you.Thezoom trace willnot disappear when draggedand willshow muchmoredetail.
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Saving Trigger Data

Themessage decodingandtheresult table aredynamic and willcontinuetochangeas long asthereare newtriggerevents. Astheremaybemanytrigger events inlongacquisitionsor repetitivewaveforms,it can bedifficult (if not impossible) toactuallyreadtheresults onscreen unless youstoptheacquisition. You can preservedataconcurrent with the trigger byusingtheAutoSavefeature.
l AutoSave Waveform createsa.trc filethat copiesthewaveform at eachtriggerpoint. Thesefiles
can berecalled totheoscilloscopeforlaterviewing.ChooseFile> SaveWaveform and anAuto Save settingof Wrap(overwritewhen drivefull)or Fill(stopwhendrivefull).The filesare saved in D:\Waveforms.
l AutoSave Tablecreates a.csvfileof the result tabledataat eachtriggerpoint. Choose File > Save
TableandanAuto Save settingof Wrapor Fill. Thefilesare savedin D:\Tables.
Caution:If you havefrequent triggers,it is possibleyouwilleventuallyrun out of hard drivespace.
ChooseWraponlyif you're not concernedabout filespersistingon the instrument. If youchoose Fill,plantoperiodicallydeleteor movefilesout of thedirectory.
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Measure/Graph

Measure/Graph
Theinstallation of theMeasure/Graphpackage (includedwithany-DMEor-TDMEoption)addsa set of measurementsandplotsdesignedfor serialdataanalysisto the oscilloscope'sstandardmeasurement capabilities.Measurementscanbequicklyappliedwithout havingtoleavethewaveform ortabularviews of thedecoding.
Note:Thisfunctionalitywasformerlyofferedaspart of -TDM options andtheProtoBusMAG software option.The featuresdescribedinthissectionshouldbe present If youhaveeither of these installedon youroscilloscope.

Serial Data Measurements

Thesemeasurements designed for debugging serialdatastreamscanbeappliedtothedecoded waveform.Measurements appearina tabularreadout below thegrid(thesameasfor anyother measurements)andare inaddition to theresult tablethat showsthedecodeddata.Youcan set upas many measurements asyouroscilloscopehasparameter locations.
Note:MeasurementsappearintheSerialDecodesub-menuof theMeasureSetupmenuandmay haveslightlydifferent names.Forexample,theCANsub-menuhasmeasurementsfor CANtoValue insteadof MsgToValue,etc. Themeasurements arethesame.
Measurement Filters Description
AnalogToMsg ID, Data, Analog Computes time from crossing threshold on an analog signal to start of first
message that meets conditions. If the message condition precedes the ana­log condition, no measurement is performed.
BusLoad ID, Data Computes the load of selected messages on the bus (as a percent).
DeltaMsg ID, Data Computes time difference between two messages on a single decoded line.
MsgBitrate ID, Data Computes the bitrate of selected messages within the decoded stream.
MsgToAnalog ID, Data, Analog Computes time from start of first message that meets conditions to crossing
threshold on an analog signal. If the analog condition precedes the mes­sage condition, no measurement is performed.
MsgToMsg ID, Data Computes time from start of first message that meets conditions to start of
the next message that meets conditions.
MsgToValue ID, Value Extracts a selected portion of the data to a measurement parameter loc-
ation, with optional conversion of value. Data may be selected by ID and/or data field position.
NumMessages ID, Data Computes the total number of messages in the decoding that meet con-
ditions.
Time@Msg ID, Data Computes time from trigger to start of each message that meets conditions.
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Graphing Measurements

TheMeasure/Graphpackageinclude simplifiedmethodsforplotting measurement valuesas:
l Histogram-a barchart of the numberof datapointsthat fallintostatisticallysignificant intervalsor
bins. Barheight relatestothefrequencyat which data pointsfallinto each interval/bin.Histogram is helpfultounderstand the modalityof a parameterand to debugexcessive variation.
l Trend-a plot of theevolutionof a parameterover time.The graph'sverticalaxisisthevalueof the
parameter;itshorizontalaxisistheorderin which thevalueswere acquired.Trendingdatacanbe accumulated overmanyacquisitions. It isanalogousto achart recorder.
l Track-atime-correlated accumulationof valuesfora singleacquisition.Tracksaretime
synchronousandclearwitheachnew acquisition.Trackcan beusedtoplot datavaluesand comparethem toacorrespondinganalogsignal,ortoobservechangesintiming. Aparameter trackedovera longacquisitioncouldprovideinformationabout themodulationof theparameter.
Tographa measurement,just select theplot typefrom theMeasure/Graph dialog whensetting upthe measurement.Allplotsare Math functionsthat openalongsidethedeocodingina separategrid.

Measure/Graph Setup Dialog

Use theMeasure/GraphSetup dialog to applyserialdatameasurement parameterstothedecoded waveform andsimultaneouslygraph the results.Thisdialogappearsbehind theDecodeSetupdialogand isactivewhen measurementsaresupported.
1. Select theMeasurement to applyand theDestinationparameter(Pn)to which toassign it.
2. Theactivedecoderispreselected inSource 1,indicating the measurement willbeappliedtothe decoderresults;changeit if necessary.If the measurement requires it,alsoselect anappropriate Source2 (such as ananalogwaveform for comparison).
3. Optionally:
l Touch Graphtoselect aplot type. Also select a Destinationfunction(Fn) for theplot. l Touch Apply&Configuretoset a filter,gateor otherqualifiersonthemeasurement.
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Measure/Graph

Filtering Measurements

Certain serialdecodemeasurements can befilteredto includeonlytheresultsfrom specifiedIDsor specific datapatterns. As withallmeasurements,you canset a gate torestrict measurements toa horizontalrangeof the gridcorrespondingtoa specific time segment of the acquisition.
Aftercreatinga measurement ontheMeasure/GraphSetup dialog,touchApply&Configure. Thetouch screendisplaywillswitch tothestandard Measure setupdialogsfortheparameter youselected.Set filter conditionson theright-handsubdialogsthat appearnext tothePndialogs.
IDFilter
Thisfilterrestrictsthemeasurement toonlyframes/packetswitha specificID value. Settingson this dialog may changedependingon theprotocol.
1. On the Mainsubdialog,choosetoFilterbyIDor ID+Data.
2. On the IDsubdialog,choose toenter theIDinBinaryorHex(adecimal)format.
3. If thefieldappears,select the# BitsusedtodefinetheframeID.(ThiswillchangetheIDValuefield length.)ForCAN,choosefrom standard11-bitor extended29-bit.
4. Using the IDConditionandIDValue controls,createa conditionstatement that describestheIDs youwant included inthemeasurement. Toset a rangeof values,alsoenter theIDValueTo.
Tip:Onthevalueentrypop-up:usethearrow keystopositionthecursor;useBacktoclear theprevious character(likeBackspace);useClear to clear allcharacters.
Data Filter
Thisrestricts measurementstoonlyframes containing extracted data that matchesthefilter condition.It can becombinedwitha FrameIDfilter bychoosing ID+DataontheMainsubdialog.
Use thesame procedureas abovetocreate a condition describingtheData Value(s)toinclude inthe measurement.Use"X"asa wildcard("Don't Care")inanyposition wherethevaluedoesn't matter.
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Optionally,enter a Start Positionwithinthedata fieldbytetobeginseeking thepattern,and the # Bitsinthe data pattern.The remainingdatafields positionswillautofillwith"X".
Note:For MsgtoMsgmeasurements,the dataconditionisenteredtwice:first for theStart MessageandthenfortheEndMessage. Themeasurement computes the timeto find amatchto each set of conditions.
Analog Settings
Themeasurements AnalogToMsgand MsgToAnalogallow youtousecrossinglevelandslopetodefine theeventin theAnalogwaveform that istobe usedas thereferenceforthemeasurement.
Aswith the decoder,Levelmay beset asa percentageof amplitude(default),or asan absolutevoltage level bychangingLevelIstoAbsolute. YoucanalsouseFindLeveltoallowtheoscilloscopetoset thelevel tothemeanTop-Baseamplitude.
ASlope and Hysteresisselectionisalsooffered. Thewidthof theHysteresisband isspecifiedin milli- divisions.SeeSettingLeveland Hysteresisformoreinformationonusingthesecontrols.
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Eye Diagram Tests

Eye Diagram Tests
The-DMEand-TDMEoptionsprovide easyeye diagram setupandeye masktesting. Eyediagramsare akeycomponent of serialdata analysis.Theyare usedboth quantitativelyand
qualitativelytounderstand thequalityof the signalcommunicationspath.Signalintegrityeffectssuch as intersymbolinterference,loss,crosstalkandEMI canbe identifiedby viewingeyediagrams,suchthat the eyeistypicallyviewedprior toperforminganyfurtheranalysis.
Eachpixelintheeye takeson acolorthat indicates howfrequentlya signalhaspassedthrough thetime andvoltagespecifiedforthat pixel.The eyediagram showsallvalues adigital signal takesonduringa bit period.Abit period (alsoreferred to asunit interval,or UI)isdefinedby the data clock,whetherexplicit or extrapolated dependingon theprotocol.
Eyediagramsshow the acquiredsignalthat iscurrentlybeingshownonthedecoderresult table.They are not persistent,asare eyediagramsgenerated insome otherserialdataanalysis software;theeyewill changefrom oneacquisitiontothenext andwhentheresult tableisfiltered. Ourrecommendedapproach forusingthe eye diagramsisto:
l Make singleshot acquisitionswithdecoderandeyediagram enabled tocheckthat both areworking
correctly.
l Runa normal acquisitionwith MaskTestingand StopOnFailure enabled intheMaskFailure Locator,
orwith aPass/Failtest set on oneof theeyeparameters.

Eye Diagram SetupDialog

Create Eye Diagram
OpentheEye DiagramSetupdialogandselect the Decode for which tocreate aneyediagram. Under Eye,checkEnabletodisplaytheeye diagram. TheBitrate isautomatically readfrom thedecoder setup.Thisvalueislinkedtothedecoder bit rate
setting,andchangingit ineitherplace willupdate bothsettings. TheUpsample factor increasesthenumber of samplepointsusedtocomposetheeyediagram.Increase
from 1toa highernumber (e.g.5) tofillin gaps.Gaps can occurwhenthebitrate isextremelyclose to a submultipleof the samplingrate,suchthat thesamplingof thewaveform doesnot movethroughout the entire unit interval.Gapscanalsooccurwhenusinga record length that doesnot samplea sufficiently largenumber of unit intervals.
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Automotive Protocols TDMEInstructionManual TheEye Style may utilizecolor-graded oranalogpersistence:
l
Withcolor-gradedpersistence ,pixels aregivenacolorbasedonthepixel'srelative population andtheselectedEyeSaturation.Thecolor paletterangesfrom violet to red.
l
Withanalogpersistence ,thecolorusedmimickstherelative intensity that wouldbeseenon an analog oscilloscope.
Use theEye Saturationslidertoadjust thecolor gradingor intensity. Slideto the left to reduce the thresholdrequiredtoreachsaturation.
ChoosetodisplaytheEyeHeight,Eye Width,orMaskHit(s)measurement parameters.Theseareaddedto theMeasuretableinthefirst openparameter slots.
Eye Mask Test
Under Mask,checkEnabletoturn on eyemasktesting. Select touseeither a StandardorCustommask,theneitherselect theStandardMaskorBrowse toand
select yourcustom MaskFile.
Tip:Maskspreviouslycreatedon theinstrument arestoredinD:\Masks.Foreaseof selection, copyother.mskfiles to thislocation.
CheckMaskFailureOntomarkthepartsof theeyediagram that failthemasktest.Maskviolations appearasred failureindicatorswheretheeyediagram intersectsthemask.
CheckFailure LocationtodisplaytheMaskFailure Locatordialog.

Mask Failure LocatorDialog

Use thisdialogtoquicklysearch the acquisitionfor eyediagram masktest failures.
InTraceWidth,enter thenumber of UIssurrounding themaskviolationtodisplayas"padding." CheckStopOnFailure to stopacquisitionwheneveran eyemaskfailureoccurs. Enter theMaxFailurestoretainin theEyeMaskFailure list. Select from theEye MaskFailurelist tomarkandzoom tothelocationof that failure.Yellowcirclesappear
overtheredfailureindicators toshowthelocationof the failure.
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FlexRayPhysical LayerTesting

FlexRay Physical Layer Testing
TheFlexRaybus TDMPoptionincludes physiallayertestsspecifiedbytheFlexRaystandard.Whenthis optionis activated,anadditional FlexRay Phy dialog appearsfollowingtheMeasure/GraphSetup tab.
Thedialogcontainsselectionsfor SIVoting,EyeDiagram,MaskTesting,andMeasurement Setupto quicklyalignsignalstotheFlexRayspecification.Thesetests can berun simultaneouslywith the protocol­level decodingtoquicklyidentifywhere errorsandanomaliesoccur.

General Settings

Mark Enabletoenablephysicallayertesting. Mark Show Decodetodisplay the signaldecodingduringthephysicallayertest. Thecurrent FlexRay
decodersettingsfrom theDecodeSetup dialogs willapply. TheDecodeSetupbutton providesquickaccesstotheDecodeSetup dialog.

Input Setup

Touch Source1and choosethetransmitter test signal.
Note:TheSource1 signal isusedforSIVoting,EyeDiagram,andMaskTest functions. Source1
andSource2 arebothusedfortheMeasurement function.
Optionally,touchSource 2 andchoose thereceivertest signalfor physicallayermeasurements. Enter theBitrateas closeaspossibleto the thebitrateof the bustowhichyouare connected.Usethe
arrowsto scrollthroughthe standardbitrates(2.5 Mb/s,5Mb/s and10 Mb/s) andmakea selection,or touchthefieldtoenter thevalueusingtheAdjust Knobor theVirtualKeypad.
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SI Voting Setup

SI Votingwasdevelopedas an alternativefor userswhofoundeyediagramsandmaskstoresult in failed testson signalswhichwould actuallypassinpractice.SI Votingfilterseverybit patternof theform 00010 and11101 (i.e.,allsingle-bit pulses),thenmeasuresthebit-length betweena point onthefirst edgeanda symmetrical point onthesecondedge,providinga set of timedeltasbetweenthetwo edges.The result is thentested against the specificationconstraints onshortest and longest acceptablebit-length,maximum acceptablebit-length variation,longest acceptableedgetime,and TopandBaselevels.
Note:SI Votingdisablestheapplicationanddisplay of FlexRayphysicallayermeasurements.
Mark SIVotingOntoenablevoting. Mark each item on which tovote:
l Pos. BitsLength l Neg.BitsLength l FilteredInput
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FlexRayPhysical LayerTesting

Eye Diagram Setup

Eyediagramsare createdbyslicingthebitstransmittedin the FlexRaysignalandsuperimposing each bit ontoan eyediagram.The signal isslicedbasedonmeasurements takenat the fallingedgeof the first ByteStart Sequence (BSS)andthetime betweenconsecutiveBSSsymbols. Thesemeasurements allow thealgorithm tocomputetherateof the embeddedclockand slicetheFlexRaywaveform in to sub­waveformsthat are one bit inlength. Theclockusesa constant bitratespecifiedby the userandis resynchronizedon everyBSS.Thesesub-waveforms arethenscaled tofill8 horizontaldivisionson the oscilloscopeandrepresent 1Unit Interval(UI) intheeyediagram andsuperimposedontopof eachother.
TheresultingEyeDiagram behaves as detailedintheFlexRayspecification (ElectricalPhysical Layer ApplicationNotes,Chapter 2.19)and producesaneye of allthebits ina messagebysynchronizing onthe BSStransition.Then,it uses aconstant clocktoslice bitsup tothenext BSS.Masksare definedfor 2.5,
5.0,and10 Mb/s speeds.
FlexRayeyediagram.
Mark Eye Diagram Onto enable eyediagramming.
Note:It willtakemoretime to generate aneyediagram from longacquisitionsthanfrom short.
Mark Eye Violationtodisplayviolations.Maskviolationsappearasred failureindicatorswheretheeye diagramintersectsthemask.
Mark StopOnViolationtostop theacquisitionwhenever aneyeviolationoccurs.Thiswill allow timeto examinethedecodingcomparedtotheeye diagram violationand understandexactlywhere the violation occurred.
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Mask Test Setup

Masktestingcanbe performedon aneyediagram withmasks definedat TP1 andTP11. Themaskis aligned horizontallyby computingthetime for a single UIand centeringit on the display.The maskis centeredverticallyaround0V.
Asexplained intheFlexRayElectrical PhysicalLayerSpecification,Chapter 7,themasktestmakesan eye of thebitsfollowing anytransition(risingand falling)withno clockrecovery.Onlya 10 Mb/smaskis definedin the specification,but assuming acontrollerpassingat 10 Mb/salsopassesat other bitrates, other masksare providedfor different test pointsand setupconfigurations.
Note:Thiseyeis computeddifferentlythantheEyeDiagram selection,asit isdonewithout clock recovery,accordingtothespecification.If youhavealreadyselectedEyeDiagram,selectingMask Test willcreate asecond eyeforthemasktest.
FlexRayeyediagrammasktest showing redviolationindicators.
Mark MaskTest Ontoenablethemasktest. Mark MaskViolationtoshowviolationsonthedisplay.Maskviolationsappearas redfailureindicators
wheretheeye digramintersectsthemask. Mark Stoponviolationtostopthe acquisitionwhenevera maskviolationoccurs.Thiswillallow timeto
examinethedecodingcomparedtothemaskviolationandunderstand exactly wheretheviolation occurred.
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FlexRayPhysical LayerTesting
Touch MaskTypeand choosefrom:
l TP1 l TP1BusDriver l TP11 l TP11 Active Star

Physical Layer Measurement Setup

You can applyfour measurements definedin theFlexRayphysicallayerspecificationto characterizethe timingpropertiesof the signal alongthecommunicationchannel. Resultsappearinthemeasurement readout tablebelow thegrid.
ClearSIVotingOntoenablemeasurement selection. Mark each measurement you wishtoapplytothetest signal:
l PropagationDelay,measuredon twopoints alongthecommunicationchannelfrom theemitternode
moduletothereceivernodemodule. PropagationDelaycharacterizes the propagationtime of the signal using thefirsttransitionof the ByteStart Sequence (BSS).
l AssymetricDelay,measuredontwo points alongthecommunicationchannelfrom theemitternode
moduletothereceivernodemodule. AssymetricDelaycharacterizesthedifference indelay betweenrisingand fallingedges.
l FrameTSSLengthChange,measuredon twopoints alongthecommunicationchannelfrom the
emitter nodemoduleto the receivernodemodule.FrameTSSLengthChangemeasuresthechange inwidthof the TransitionStart Sequence(TSS).
l Jitter,measured ona single point,usually the receivingnode.Jittermeasures the changeof length
betweethelast BSSand theFSS. Thisshouldusuallybe 1µs.
Touch ProbedOnandchoose the typeof lineyouare measuring:
l BP-BM (diff) -a differentialsignalon thecommunicationchannel l RxD-TxD(dig.)-a two-leveldigitalsignalinthecommunication controller intrface.
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