How it Works
Teledyne LeCroy
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WS3K-CAN FDBUS TD
User manual
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Teledyne LeCroy WS3K-CAN FDBUS TD User manual

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Trigger, Decode, Measure/Graph, Eye Diagrams
for Automotive Protocols:
CAN and CAN FD LIN FlexRay
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
© 2018 Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unauthorized duplication of Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. documentation materials other than for internal sales and distribution purposes is strictly prohibited. However, clients are encouraged to duplicate and distribute Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. documentation for internal educational purposes.
Teledyne LeCroy isa trademark of Teledyne LeCroy, Inc., Inc. Other product or brand names are trademarks or requested trademarks of their respective holders. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions. Specificationsare subject to change without notice.
924311 Rev E September, 2018
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Contents
About the CANbus and CANFDbus Options iv About the LINbusOptions v About the FlexRaybus Options v
Serial Decode 1
Decoding Workflow 2 Decoder Set Up 2 Setting Level and Hysteresis 7 Failure to Decode 8 Serial Decode Dialog 8 Reading Waveform Annotations 9 Serial Decode Result Table 13 Searching Decoded Waveforms 21 Decoding in Sequence Mode 22 Improving Decoder Performance 23 Automating the Decoder 24
Serial Trigger 25
Linking Trigger and Decoder 25 CAN/CAN FD Serial Trigger Setup 26 LIN Serial Trigger Setup 30 FlexRay Serial Trigger Setup 32 Using the Decoder with the Trigger 35 Saving Trigger Data 36
Measure/Graph 37
Serial Data Measurements 37 Graphing Measurements 38 Measure/Graph Setup Dialog 38 Filtering Measurements 39
Eye Diagram Tests 41
Eye Diagram Setup Dialog 41 Mask Failure Locator Dialog 42
FlexRay Physical Layer Testing 43
General Settings 43 Input Setup 43 SI Voting Setup 44 Eye Diagram Setup 45
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
Mask Test Setup 46 Physical Layer Measurement Setup 47
Technical Support 48
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About This Manual
Teledyne LeCroy offers a wide array of toolsets for decoding and debugging serial data streams. These toolsets may be purchased as optional software packages, or are provided standard with some oscilloscopes.
This manual explainsthe basic procedures for using serial data decoder and trigger software options. There are also sections pertaining to the measure and graphing capabilities and eye diagram tests.
It is assumed that:
l You have purchased and activated one of the serial data products described in this manual.
l You have a basic understanding of the serial data standard physical and protocol layer specifications,
and know how these standards are used in controllers.
l You have a basic understanding of how to use an oscilloscope, and specifically the Teledyne LeCroy
oscilloscope on which the option isinstalled. Only features directly related to serial data triggering and decoding are explained in this manual.
Teledyne LeCroy isconstantly expanding coverage of serial data standards and updating software. Some capabilities described in this documentation may only be available with the latest version of our firmware. You can download the free firmware update from:
teledynelecroy.com/support/softwaredownload
While some of the images in this manual may not exactly match what is on your oscilloscope display—or may show an example taken from another standard—be assured that the functionality is identical, as much functionality is shared. Product-specific exceptions willbe noted in the text.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
About the Options
Teledyne LeCroy decoders apply software algorithms to extract serial data information from physical layer waveforms measured on your oscilloscope. The extracted information is displayed over the actual physical layer waveforms, color-coded to provide fast, intuitive understanding of the relationship between message frames and other, time synchronous events.
Trigger and decode (-TD) optionsenable you to trigger the oscilloscope acquisition upon finding specific message frames, data patterns, or errors in serial data streams. Conditional filtering at different levels enables you to target the trigger to a single message or a range of matching data.
The installation of any -DME or -TDME option adds a set of measurements designed for serial data analysis and protocol-specific eye diagram tests to the standard trigger and decoder capabilities. See
Measuring for instructions on using the measure and graphing capabilities. See Eye Diagram Tests for
instructions on using the eye diagram tests.

About the CANbus and CAN FDbus Options

CAN is a vehicle bus designed specifically for automotive applications, but it is now found in other applications, as well.
CANbus TD supports decoding standard CAN (11-bit and extended 29-bit).
CAN FDbus TD supports decoding standard CAN as well as the advanced features of CAN FD: bitrate increase for the Data segment and the extension of the possible Data payload from 8 bytes to 64 bytes. It also supports ISO and non-ISO frames.
Both options enable triggering on CAN messages, Frame IDs, serial data patterns, or errors. Frame-level and value-level filtering enable you to target the trigger to a certain type of CAN message, a single frame ID or data pattern, or to a range of data.
The TDME variants of these options add a set of CAN-specific measurement parameters, plots, and eye diagram tests.
The TDMESYMBOLICvariants of these options add symbolic decoding, triggering, and measuring based on user-defined .DBC symbol files.
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About the LINbus Options

LIN is a low-cost master/slave system designed for implementation in vehicles, typically in what is commonly referred to as body electronics.
The LINbus TD and TDME options decode and enable triggering on specific LIN frames, data patterns, or errors. Other features include:
l Ability to decode LIN Version 1.3, 2.x, and SAE J2602 formats, even when LINbustraffic contains
mixed versions.
l Triggering on Checksum, Header Parity, and Sync Byte Errors.

About the FlexRaybus Options

FlexRay is an automotive network communications protocol developed by the FlexRay Consortium to govern on-board automotive computing. The FlexRay consortium disbanded in 2009, and FlexRay is now defined in ISO standards 17458-1 to 17458-5.
The FlexRaybus TD and TDME options decode FlexRay protocol version 2.1 at 10 Mb/s, 5 Mb/s or 2.5 Mb/s. Features include:
l Ability to trigger on TSS, Frame characteristics, protocol Errors, or various Symbols (such as wakeup
patterns).
l Frame triggers may be set on individual Frame IDs or ranges and be further conditionalized using
Cycle Counts or Frame Qualifiers.
The FlexRay TDP and TDMP options also provide special physical layer eye diagram tests as specified by the FlexRay standard and physical-layer measurement parameters.
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Serial Decode

Serial Decode
The algorithmsdescribed here at a high level are used by all Teledyne LeCroy serial decoders sold for oscilloscopes. They differ slightly between serial data signals that have a clock embedded in data and those with separate clock and data signals.
Bit-level Decoding
The first software algorithm examines the embedded clock for each message based on a default or user­specified vertical threshold level. Once the clock signal is extracted or known, the algorithm examines the corresponding data signal at the predetermined vertical level to determine whether a data bit is high or low. The default vertical level is set to 50% and is determined from a measurement of peak amplitude of the signals acquired by the oscilloscope. For most decoders, it can also be set to an absolute voltage level, if desired. The algorithm intelligently applies a hysteresisto the rising and falling edge of the serial data signal to minimize the chance of perturbations or ringing on the edge affecting the data bit decoding.
Note: Although the decoding algorithm is based on a clock extraction software algorithm using a vertical level, the results returned are the same as those from a traditional protocol analyzer using sampling point-based decode.
Logical Decoding
After determining individual data bit values, another algorithm performs a decoding of the serial data message after separation of the underlying data bits into logical groupsspecific to the protocol (Header/ID, Address Labels, Data Length Codes, Data, CRC, Parity Bits, Start Bits, Stop Bits, Delimiters, Idle Segments, etc.).
Message Decoding
Finally, another algorithm applies a color overlay with annotations to the decoded waveform to mark the transitions in the signal. Decoded message data is displayed in tabular form below the grid. Various compaction schemes are utilized to show the data during a long acquisition (many hundreds or thousands of serial data messages) or a short acquisition (one serial data message acquisition). In the case of the longest acquisition, only the most important information is highlighted, whereas in the case of the shortest acquisition, all information isdisplayed with additional highlighting of the complete message frame.
User Interaction
Your interaction with the software in many ways mirrors the order of the algorithms. You will:
l Assign a protocol/encoding scheme, an input source, and a clock source (if necessary) to one of the
four decoder panels using the Serial Data and Decode Setup dialogs.
l Complete the remaining dialogs required by the protocol/encoding scheme.
l Work with the decoded waveform, result table, and measurements to analyze the decoding.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions

Decoding Workflow

We recommend the following workflow for effective decoding:
1. Connect your data and strobe/clock lines (if used) to the oscilloscope.
2. Set up the decoder using the lowest level decoding mode available (e.g., Bits).
3. Acquire a sufficient burst of relevant data. The data burst should be reasonably well centered on screen, in both directions, with generous idle segments on both sides.
Note: See Failure to Decode for more information about the required acquisition settings. A
burst might contain at most 100000 transitions, or 32000 bits/1000 words, whichever occurs first. This is more a safety limit for software engineering reasonsthan a limit based on any protocol. We recommend starting with much smaller bursts.
4. Stop the acquisition, then run the decoder.
5. Use the various decoder tools to verify that transitionsare being correctly decoded. Tune the decoder settings as needed.
6. Once you know you are correctly decoding transitions in one mode, continue making small acquisitions of five to eight bursts and running the decoder in higher level modes (e.g., Words). The decoder settings you verify on a few bursts will be reused when handling many packets.
7. Run the decoder on acquisitions of the desired length.
When you are satisfied the decoder is working properly, you can disable/enable the decoder as desired without having to repeat this set up and tuning process, provided the basic signal characteristics do not change.

Decoder Set Up

Use the Decode Setup dialog and its protocol-related subdialogs to preset decoders for future use. Each decoder can use different protocols and data sources, or have other variations, giving you maximum flexibility to compare different signalsor view the same signal from multiple perspectives.
1. Touch the Front Panel Serial Decode button (if available on your oscilloscope), or choose Analysis > Serial Decode from the oscilloscope menu bar. Open the Decode Setup dialog.
2. From the buttons at the left, select the Decode # to set up.
3. Select the data source (Src 1) to be decoded and the Protocol to decode.
4. If required by the protocol, also select the Strobe or Clock source. (These controls will simply not appear if not relevant.)
5. Define the bit- and protocol-level decoding on the subdialogsnext to the Decode Setup dialog.
Tip: After completing setup for one decoder, you can quickly start setup for the other decoders by using the buttons at the left of the Decode Setup dialog to change the Decode # .
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Serial Decode
CAN/CAN FD Decoder Settings
Symbolic Decoding
If you have purchased one of the SYMBOLIC options, some additional controls related to symbolic decoding will appear on the decoder set up dialogs.
The default symbol file is located in D:\Applications\<protocol>. You may copy your own symbol file to this directory and browse to it for easy selection. Symbol files must have the .dbc extension. We recommend that you copy and modify the default .dbc file to ensure the symbol file is properly formatted.
Basic Subdialog
SYMBOLICusers: choose to view the decoder results either in Hexadecimal or with Symbolic translation. If you choose Symbolic, touch Browse and select the Symbol File to use.
Note: These controls willnot appear if your installation does not support symbolic decoding.
Enter the Nominal Bitrate (Arbitration bitrate) of the bus to which you are connected as precisely as you know it. The value should be correct within 5%. A mismatched bit rate will cause various confusing side effects on the decoding, so it is best to take time to correctly adjust this fundamental value. Use the Up and Down arrow buttons to scroll a list of standard bitrates, or touch the field to enter the value using the Adjust knob or the Virtual Keypad.
Tip: If you are unsure of the bitrate, apply the Bit Rate measurement parameter to a short acquisition.
CAN FD users: also enter the Data Bitrate. The same precautionsapply as for the Nominal Bitrate.
CAN FD users: check ISO if your signal contains ISO frames.
Check GM LAN to interpret the CAN 29-bit ID field as follows (MSB to LSB): 3 bits priority, 13 bits Parameter ID, 5 bits reserved and 8 bits Source ID.
Check Show Stuff Bits to display the stuff bits on each CAN message frame.
Check Show Bits Idx to display a bit index for each bit, which can assist with analysis or debugging of the decode. The bit index starts at 0 at the beginning of the message and increases monotonously to the end of the message. Note that the bit index skipsthe stuffbits.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
Levels Subdialog
Enter the vertical Level used to determine the edge crossings of the signal. This value will be used to determine the bit-level decoding.
Optionally, enter a Hysteresis band value. Hysteresis represents the amount the signal may rise or fall from the crossing Level without affecting the bit transition.
Sampling Subdialog
This dialog only appears when you are setting up a CAN FD decoder.
By default, ESI Dominant Only is selected, which indicates the signal alwayscontains an ESI bit set to dominant. This allowsthe decoder to operate in a mode where it doesn't need sampling point information. When it is possible that signal can contain a recessive ESI bit, then enter the sampling point information manually. Clear ESI Dominant Only to enable the Nominal Bit Time and Data Bit Time fields and set the sampling rates.
First, choose a Viewing style of either Basic (sampling position only) or Advanced (all fields).
For the Basic setup, enter the sampling point as a percent of amplitude in the Requested Position fields.
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For the Advanced setup, manually enter values for:
l Prop_Seg, part of the bit time used to compensate for the physical network delay times.
l Phase_Seg1 Number of time quantums before the sampling point.
l Phase_Seg2 Number of time quantums after the sampling point.
Note: All settings on thistab are ignored when decoding a Standard CAN frame.
LIN Decoder Settings
Basic Subdialog
Serial Decode
Under Viewing, choose to view/enter data in either Binary or Hex(adecimal) formats.
Enter the vertical Level used to determine the edge crossings of the signal. This value will be used to determine the bit-level decoding. For guidelines, see Setting Level and Hysteresis.
Enter the Bitrate of the bus to which you are connected as precisely as you know it. The value should be correct within 5%. A mismatched bit rate will cause variousconfusing side effects on the decoding, so it is best to take time to correctly adjust this fundamental value. Use the Up and Down arrows to scroll a list of standard bit rates, or enter any value between 1 and 20 kbit/s.
Tip: If you are unsure of the bitrate, apply the Bit Rate measurement parameter to a short acquisition.
Choose the LIN Version (standard) used to encode the input signal. If you are unsure or don't care, choose ALL.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
FlexRay Decoder Settings
Basic Subdialog
Adjust the Bitrate value to match the one on the bus to which you are connected. Touch the arrow buttons to scroll through standard bitrates (2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 Mb/s) and make a selection. Or, touch Bitrate and enter the value using the ADJUST knob or the Virtual Keypad.
Select the appropriate Channel to decode, Channel A or Channel B of the FlexRay bus.
Note: Decoding willstill occur when the wrong channel is selected, but resultsin CRC errors being shown on the overlay.
Levels Subdialog
In Level High and Level Low, enter the signal crossing values. FlexRay is a tri-level signal and requires 2 levels for the oscilloscope to distinguish between 1 and 0. As indicated on the dialog, data transitions are valid only when crossing both Low and High levels.
Level is normally entered as percent and defaults to 70% (of amplitude) for Level High and 30% for Level Low. For guidelines, see Setting Level and Hysteresis.
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Serial Decode

Setting Level and Hysteresis

The Level setting represents the logical level for bit transition, corresponding to the physical Low and High distinction. Level is normally set as 50% of waveform amplitude, but can alternatively be set as an absolute voltage (with reference to the waveform 0 level) by changing the Level Type to Absolute.
Percent mode is easy to set up because the software immediately determines the optimal threshold, but in some cases it might be beneficial to switch to Absolute mode:
l On poor signals, where Percent mode can fail and lead to bad decodes
l On noisy signalsor signals with a varying DC component
l On very long acquisitions, where Percent mode adds computational load
The transition Level appears as a dotted, horizontal line across the oscilloscope grid. If your initial decoding indicates that there are a number of error frames, make sure that Level is set to a reasonable value.
The optional Hysteresis setting imposes a limit above and below the measurement level that precludes measurements of noise or other perturbations within this band.
A blue marker around the Level line indicates the area of the hysteresis band. As with Level Type, Hysteresis Type may be either a percentage of amplitude or an absolute number of vertical grid divisions.
Hysteresis set as 40 percent of total waveform amplitude (left) and Hysteresis set as equivalent of 1 grid division (right)
around an absolute -200mV Level setting.
Note: Usually, you can set the Level and Hysteresis in the same or different modes. For a few protocols, Hysteresis can only be set as a number of mV plus/minus the Level.
Observe the following when setting Hysteresis:
l Hysteresis must be larger than the maximum noise spike you wish to ignore.
l The largest usable hysteresis value must be less than the distance from the level to the closest
extreme value of the waveform.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions

Failure to Decode

Three conditions in particular may cause a decoder to fail, in which case a failure message will appear in the first row of the summary result table, instead of in the message bar as usual.
All decoders will test for the condition Too small amplitude. If the signal’s amplitude is too small with respect to the full ADC range, the message “Decrease V/Div” will appear. The required amplitude to allow decoding is usually one vertical division.
If the decoder incorporates a user-defined bit rate (usually these are protocols that do not utilize a dedicated clock/strobe line), the following two conditionsare also tested:
l Under sampled. If the sampling rate (SR) is insufficient to resolve the signal adequately based on the
bit rate (BR) setup or clock frequency, the message "Under Sampled" will appear. The minimum SR:BR ratio required is 4:1. It is suggested that you use a slightly higher SR:BR ratio if possible, and use significantly higher SR:BR ratios if you want to also view perturbations or other anomalies on your serial data analog signal.
l Too short acquisition. If the acquisition window istoo short to allow any meaningful decoding, the
message “Too Short Acquisition” will appear. The minimum number of bits required varies from one protocol to another, but is usually between 5 and 50.
In all the above cases, the decoding is turned off to protect you from incorrect data. Adjust your acquisition settings accordingly, then re-enable the decoder.
Note: It is possible that several conditions are present, but you will only see the first relevant message in the table. If you continue to experience failures, try adjusting the other settings.

Serial Decode Dialog

To first set up a decoder, go to the Decode Setup dialog. Once decoders have been configured, use the Serial Decode dialog to quickly turn on/off a decoder or make minor modificationsto the settings.
To turn on decoders:
1. On the same row as the Decode #, check On to enable the decoder.
As long as On is checked (and there is a valid acquisition), a result table and decoded waveform appear. The number of rows of data displayed will depend on the Table #Rows setting (on the Decode Setup dialog).
2. Optionally, modify the:
l Protocol associated with the decoder.
l Data (Source) to be decoded.
3. Check Link To Trigger On to tie thisdecoder setup to a serial trigger setup.
To turn off decoders: deselect the On boxes individually, or touch Turn All Off.
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Serial Decode

Reading Waveform Annotations

When a decoder is enabled, an annotated waveform appears on the oscilloscope display, allowing you to quickly see the relationship between the protocol decoding and the physical layer. A colored overlay marks significant bit-sequences in the source signal: Header/ID, Address, Labels, Data Length Codes, Data, CRC, Parity Bits, Start Bits, Stop Bits, Delimiters, Idle segments, etc. Annotations are customized to the protocol or encoding scheme.
The amount of information shown on an annotation is affected by the width of the rectangles in the overlay, which is determined by the magnification (scale) of the trace and the length of the acquisition. Zooming a portion of the decoder trace will reveal the detailed annotations.
CAN Waveform Annotations
These overlays appear on a decoded standard CAN waveform or its zoom trace.
Annotation Overlay Color (1) (2) Overlay Text (3)
Index Navy Blue (behind other fields) <Std | FD> <value>
Frame ID Brick Red ID=<value>
Reserved Bits Aqua Blue <r0 | r1>
Data Length Code Green DLC=<value>
Payload Data Aqua Blue Data = <value> ( in Hexadecimal)
<symbolic interpretation> (in Sym­bolic)
Cyclic Redundancy Check Royal Blue CRC=<value>
Stuff Bits Grey SB
ACK Tan ACK = <value>
Start/End of Frame Aqua Blue <SOF | EOF>
Protocol Error Bright Red (behind other fields) Error=<error type>
1. Combined overlays affect the appearance of colors.
2. Text in brackets < > is variable. The amount of text shown depends on your zoom factors.
3. Data values are shown in symbolic or hexadecimal depending on your decoder selection.
Initial decoding. At this resolution, little information appears on the overlay.
Zoom of single index showing annotation details.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
CAN FD Waveform Annotations
These overlays appear on a decoded CAN FD waveform or its zoom trace.
Annotation Overlay Color (1) Overlay Text (2) (3)
Index Navy Blue (behind other fields) <Std | FD> <value>
Frame ID Brick Red ID = <value>
Reserved Bits Aqua Blue <r1 | r0>
Arbitration Field Identifier Extension Aqua Blue IDE
Extended Data Length Bits Aqua Blue EDL
Bit Rate Switch Aqua Blue BRS
Data Length Code Bright Green DLC = <value>
Payload Data Aqua Blue Data = <value> ( in Hexadecimal)
<symbolic interpretation> (in Sym­bolic)
Cyclic Redundancy Check Royal Blue CRC = <value>
Stuff Bits Grey SB
ACK Tan ACK
Start/End of Frame Aqua Blue <SOF | EOF>
Error Bright Red (behind other fields) Error = <error type>
1. Combined overlays affect the appearance of colors.
2. Text in brackets < > is variable. The amount of text shown depends on your zoom factors.
3. Data values are shown in symbolic or hexadecimal depending on your decoder selection.
Initial decoding.
Zoom of single index showing annotation details.
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LIN Waveform Annotations
These overlays appear on a decoded LIN waveform or its zoom trace.
Annotation Overlay Color (1) Overlay Text (2) (3)
Index Navy Blue (behind other fields) <type> = <ID value>
Protocol error Bright Red (behind other fields) <error type>
Breaks Grey Break
Start/Stop bits Grey < S | T >
Synch byte Olive Green Synch = <value>
Message ID Brick Red ID = <value>
Parity bits Royal Blue Parity = <value>
Payload data Aqua Blue Data = <value>
Checksum bits Royal Blue Checksum = <value>
1. Combined overlays affect the appearance of colors.
2. Text in brackets < > is variable. The amount of text shown depends on your zoom factors.
3. Data values are shown in binary or hexadecimal depending on your decoder selection.
Serial Decode
Initial decoding.
Zoom of single index.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
FlexRay Waveform Annotations
These overlays appear on a decoded FlexRay waveform or its zoom trace.
Annotation Overlay Color (1) Overlay Text (2)
Index Navy (behind other fields) <type> = <ID>, Cycle Count = <value>
Protocol error Bright Red (behind other fields) <error type>
Transmit Start Sequence and Channel Idle Delimiter
Frame Start Sequence and Dynamic Trailing Sequence
Byte Start Sequence Tan BSS
Reserved, Preamble, Null Frame, Sync, and StartUp bits
Slot ID Brick Red Slot ID = <value>
Payload data Aqua Blue Data Word = <value>
Payload Length, Cycle Count, and Frame End Sequence
Cyclic Redundancy Check Royal Blue <Header | Trailer> CRC = <value>
1. Combined overlays affect the appearance of colors.
2. Text in brackets < > is variable. The amount of text shown depends on your zoom factors.
Purple <TSS | CID>
Cranberry Red <FSS | DTS>
Cyan Blue < R | P | N | S | SU >
Green <PL | CC | FES> = <value>
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Initial decoding.
Zoom of single index.
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Serial Decode

Serial Decode Result Table

When View Decode is checked on the Decode Setup Dialog and a source signal has been decoded using that protocol, a table summarizing the decoder resultsappears below the grids. This result table provides a view of data as decoded during the most recent acquisition, even when there are too many burstsfor the waveform annotation to be legible.
You can export result table data to a .CSV file. See also Automating the Decoder.
Tip: If any downstream processes such as measurements reference a decoder, the result table does not have to be visible in order for the decoder to function. Hiding the table can improve performance when your aim is to export data rather than view the decoding.
Table Rows
Each row of the table represents one index of data found within the acquisition, numbered sequentially. Exactly what this represents depends on the protocol and how you have chosen to "packetize" the data stream when configuring the decoder (frame, message, packet, etc.).
Note: For some decoders, it is even possible to turn off packetization, in which case all the decoded data appears on one row of the table.
When multiple decoders are run at once, the index rows are combined in a summary table, ordered according to their acquisition time. The Protocol column is colorized to match the input source that resulted in that index.
You can change the number of rows displayed on the table at one time. The default is five rows.
Swipe the table up/down or use the scrollbar at the far right to navigate the table. See Using the Result
Table for more information about how to interact with the table rows to view the decoding.
Table Columns
When a single decoder is enabled, the result table shows the protocol-specific details of the decoding. This detailed result table may be customized to show only selected columns.
A summary result table combining results from two decoders always shows these columns.
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Index Number of the line in the table
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to start of message
Protocol Protocol being decoded
Message Message identifier bits
Data Data payload
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check sequence bits
Status Any decoder messages; content may vary by protocol
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Example summary result table, with results from two decoders combined on one table.
When you select the Index number from the summary result table, the detailed results for that index drop­in below it.
Example summary result table showing drop-in detailed result table.
CAN Result Table
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Index (always shown)
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to Start of Frame
Format Frame format, Standard (Std) or Flexible Data Rate (FD)
ID Standard or Extended Identifier bits (aka Frame ID)
IDE Arbitration Field Identifier Extension; Dominant (0) = 11-bit, Recessive (1) = 29-bit
RTR Remote Transmission Request bits
DLC Real number of Data Length Code bytes (not the value encoded in the DLC)
Data (Hexadecimal) Payload data bytes
Symbols (Symbolic) Symbolic interpretation of the signals in the message (e.g., Vehicle Speed = 12.4 m/s, or
Signal (Symbolic) Input signal physical characteristics
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check sequence bits
BitRate Actual bitrate (BR) for this message, the average BR recomputed by dividing the entire
Status Description of all the errors in this message detected by the decoder
Number of the line in the table
Aircraft Pitch=12.3 degrees)
Message time span by the total number of bits in the message
Section of typical CAN detailed result table.
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CAN FD Result Table
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Serial Decode
Idx (always shown)
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to Start of Frame
Format Frame format, Standard (Std) or Flexible Data Rate (FD)
ID 11- or 29-bit message ID (ID of the message also governs its priority on the bus, based
IDE Arbitration Field Identifier Extension; Dominant (0) = 11-bit, Recessive (1) = 29-bit
EDL Extended Data Length bits
BRS Bit Rate Switch when Arbitration Frame and Data Frame configured to have different bit
ESI Error State Indicator; Dominant (0) = node is error active, Recessive (1) = node is error
RTR Remote Transmission Request bit. Dominant (0) = Data Frame; Recessive (1) = Remote
DLC Data Length Code bits
Data (Hexadecimal) Payload data bytes
Symbols (Symbolic) Symbolic interpretation of the signals in the message (e.g., Vehicle Speed = 12.4 m/s, or
Signal (Symbolic) Input signal physical characteristics
Number of the line in the table
on the CSMA/CD scheme)
rate; Dominant (0) = no bit rate change, Recessive (1) = change to higher bit rate
passive
Frame. It is only used in Standard CAN, not in CAN FD, but listed in case Standard CAN frames are included in the signal. It will appear empty for CAN FD frames
Aircraft Pitch=12.3 degrees)
SBC Stuff Bit Counter. This column only appears when ISO frames are supported and ISO is
checked
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Sequence bits
CL CRC Length, depending on the number of bytes in the payload either 17 bits for data
frames up to 16 bytes or 21 bits for data frames over 16 bytes
BitRate Computed transmission bit rate
BR Data Data bit rate dynamically recomputed for every message, similar to the nominal BR
Status Description of all the errors in this message detected by the decoder
Section of CAN FD detailed result table.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
LIN Result Table
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Idx (always shown)
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to Start of Frame
Break Break (inter-message) bits
Synch Synch bits
ID Frame ID
Parity Parity bits
Data Length Data field length
Data Data field bytes
Checksum Checksum bits
BitRate Transmission bit rate
Symbol Status of any LIN symbols found in the frame
Number of the line in the table
Section of typical LIN detailed result table.
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FlexRay Result Table
Column Extracted or Computed Data
Serial Decode
Index (always shown)
Time Time elapsed from start of acquisition to Start of Frame
Bit Rate/Msg Actual bit rate (BR) for this message, the average BR recomputed by diving the entire
Frame ID Frame identifier bits
Payload Length Number of words in data payload
Header CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check sequence bits
Cycle Count Cycle number
Data Data Field bytes
Trailer CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check sequence bits
Symbol Symbol type, if found: Wakeup Pattern (WUS), Channel Idle (CID), Collision Avoidance
Number of the line in the table
Message time span by the total number of bits in the message
(CAS), or Media Access Test (MTS)
Section of typical FlexRay detailed result table.
Using the Result Table
Besides displaying the decoded serial data, the result table helps you to inspect the acquisition.
Zoom & Search
Touching any cell of the table opens a zoom centered around the part of the waveform corresponding to the index. The Zn dialog opens to allow you to rescale the zoom, or to Search the acquisition. This is a quick way to navigate to events of interest in the acquisition.
Tip: When in a summary table, touch any data cell other than Index and Protocol to zoom.
The table rows corresponding to the zoomed area are highlighted, as is the zoomed area of the source waveform. The highlight color reflects the zoom that it relates to (Z1 yellow, Z2 pink, etc.). As you adjust the zoom scale, the highlighted area may expand to several rows of the table, or fade to indicate that only a part of that Index is shown in the zoom.
When there are multiple decoders running, each can have its own zoom of the decoding highlighted on the summary table at the same time.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
Note: The zoom number is no longer tied to the decoder number. The software tries to match the numbers, but if it cannot it uses the next zoom that is not yet turned on.
Example multi-decoder summary table, both zoomed indexes highlighted.
Filter Results
Those columns of data that have a drop-down arrow in the header cell can be filtered: Touch the header cell to open the Decode Table Filter dialog.
Select a filter Operator and enter a Value that satisfies the filter condition.
Operators Data Types Returns
=, ≠ Numeric or Text Exact matches only
>, ≥, <, ≤ Numeric All data that satisfies the operator
In Range, Out Range Numeric All data within/without range limits
Equals Any (on List), Does Not Equal Any (on List)
Contains, Does Not Contain Text All data that contains or does not contain the string
Text All data that is/is not an exact match to any full value on
the list. Enter a comma-delimited list of values, no spaces before or after the comma, although there may be spaces within the strings.
Note: Once the Operator is selected, the dialog shows the format that may be entered in Value for that column of data. Numeric values must be within .01% tolerance of a result to be considered a match. Text values are case-sensitive, including spaces within the string.
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Serial Decode
Select Enable to turn on the column filter; deselect it to turn off the filter. Use the Disable All button to quickly turn off multiple filters. The filter settings remain in place until changed and can be re-enabled on subsequent decodings.
Those columns of data that have been filtered will have a funnel icon (similar to Excel) in the header cell, and the index numbers will be colorized.
Example filtered decoder table.
On summary tables, only the Time, Protocol, and Status columns can be filtered.
If you apply filters to a single decoder table, the annotation is applied to only that portion of the waveform corresponding to the filtered results, so you can quickly see where those results occurred. Annotations are not affected when a summary table is filtered.
Also, eye diagrams are modified to represent only the filtered results, which can help to identify exactly which indices of data are the cause of signal integrity problems.
View Details
When viewing a summary table, touch the Index number in the first column to drop-in the detailed decoding of that record. Touch the Index cell again to hide the details.
If there is more data than can be displayed in a cell, the cell is marked with a white triangle in the lower­right corner. Touch this to open a pop-up showing the full decoding.
Navigate
In a single decoder table, touch the Index column header (top, left-most cell of the table) to open the Decode Setup dialog. This is especially helpful for adjusting the decoder during initial tuning.
When in a summary table, the Index column header cell opens the Serial Decode dialog, where you can enable/disable all the decoders. Touch the Protocol cell to open the Decode Setup dialog for the decoder that produced that index of data.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions
Customizing the Result Table
Performance may be enhanced if you reduce the number of columns in the result table to only those you need to see. It is also especially helpful if you plan to export the data.
1. Press the Front Panel Serial Decode button or choose Analysis > Serial Decode, then open the Decode Setup tab.
2. Touch the Configure Table button.
3. On the View Columnspop-up dialog, mark the columns you want to appear and clear those you wish to remove. Only those columnsselected will appear on the oscilloscope display.
Note: If a column isnot relevant to the decoder as configured, it will not appear.
To return to the preset display, touch Default.
4. Touch the Close button when finished.
On some decoders, you may also use the View Columns pop-up to set a Bit Rate Tolerance percentage. When implemented, the tolerance is used to flag out-of-tolerance messages (messages outside the user­defined bitrate +- tolerance) by colorizing in red the Bitrate shown in the table.
You may customize the size of the result table by changing the Table # Rows setting on the Decode Setup dialog. Keep in mind that the deeper the table, the more compressed the waveform display on the grid, especially if there are also measurements turned on.
Exporting Result Table Data
You can manually export the detailed result table data to a .CSV file:
1. Press the Front Panel Serial Decode button, or choose Analysis> Serial Decode, then open the Decode Setup tab.
2. Optionally, touch Browse and enter a new File Name and output folder.
3. Touch the Export Table button.
Export files are by default created in the D:\Applications\<protocol> folder, although you can choose any other folder on the oscilloscope or any external drive connected to a host USB port. The data will overwrite the last export file saved, unlessyou enter a new filename.
Note: Only rows and columns displayed are exported. When a summary table is exported, a combined file is saved in D:\Applications\Serial Decode. Separate files for each decoder are saved in D:\Applications\<protocol>.
The Save Table feature will automatically create tabular data files with each acquisition trigger. The file names are automatically incremented so that data is not lost. Choose File > Save Table from the oscilloscope menu bar and select Decodex as the source.
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Serial Decode

Searching Decoded Waveforms

Touching the Action toolbar Search button button on the Decode Setup dialog creates a 10:1 zoom of the center of the decoder source trace and opens the Search subdialog.
Touching the any cell of the result table similarly creates a zoom and opens Search, but of only that part of the waveform corresponding to the index (plus any padding).
Tip: In summary table mode, touch any cell other than Index and Protocol to create the zoom.
Basic Search
On the Search subdialog, select what type of data element to Search for. These basic criteria vary by protocol, but generally correspond to the columns of data displayed on the detailed decoder result table.
Optionally:
l Check Use Value and enter the Value to find in that column. If you do not enter a Value, Search goes
to the beginning of the next data element of that type found in the acquisition.
l Enter a Left/Right Pad, the percentage of horizontal division around matching data to display on the
zoom.
l Check Show Frame to mark on the overlay the frame in which the event was found.
After entering the Search criteria, use the Prev and Next buttons to navigate to the matching data in the table, simultaneously shifting the zoom to the portion of the waveform that correspondsto the match.
The touch screen message bar showsdetails about the table row and column where the matching data was found.
Advanced Search
Advanced Search allowsyou to create complex criteria by using Boolean AND/OR logic to combine up-to­three different searches. On the Advanced dialog, choose the Col(umns) to Search 1 - 3 and the Value to find just as you would a basic search, then choose the Operator(s) that represent the relationship between them.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions

Decoding in Sequence Mode

Decoders can be applied to Sequence Mode acquisitions. In this case, the index numbers on the result table are followed by the segment in which the index was found and the number of the sample within that segment: index (segment-sample).
Note: For some protocols, the Serial Trigger does not support Sequence Mode acquisitions, although you could still decode Sequence Mode acquisitions made using a different trigger type.
Example filtered result table for a sequence mode acquisition.
In the example above, each segment was triggered on the occurrence of ID 0x400, which occurred only once per segment, so there is only one sample per segment. The Time shown for each index in a Sequence acquisition isabsolute time from the first segment trigger to the beginning of the sample segment.
Otherwise, the results are the same as for other types of acquisitions and can be zoomed, filtered, searched, or used to navigate. When a Sequence Mode table is filtered, the waveform annotation appears on only those segments and samples corresponding to the filtered results.
Note: Waveform annotations can only be shown when the Sequence Display Mode is Adjacent. Annotationsare not adjusted when a Sequence Mode summary table is filtered, only the table data.
Multiple decoders can be run on Sequence Mode acquisitions, but in a summary table, each decoder will have a first segment, second segment, etc., and there may be any number of samples in each. As in any summary table, the samples will be interleaved and indexed according to their actual acquisition time. So, you may find (3-2) of one decoder before (1-1) of another. Filter on the Protocol column to see the sequential results for only one decoder.
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Serial Decode

Improving Decoder Performance

Digital oscilloscopes repeatedly capture "windows in time". Between captures, the oscilloscope is processing the previous acquisition.
The following suggestionscan improve decoder performance and enable you to better exploit the long memories of Teledyne LeCroy oscilloscopes.
Where possible, decode Sequence Mode acquisitions. By using Sequence mode, you can take many shorter acquisitions over a longer period of time, so that memory is targeted on events of interest.
Note: For some protocols, the Serial Trigger does not support Sequence Mode acquisitions, although you could still decode Sequence Mode acquisitions made using a different trigger type.
Parallel test using multiple oscilloscope channels. Up-to-four decoders can run simultaneously, each using different data or clock input sources. This approach is statistically interesting because multi-channel acquisitions occur in parallel. The processing is serialized, but the decoding of each input only requires 20% additional time, which can lessen overall time for production validation testing, etc.
Avoid oversampling. Too many samples slow the processing chain.
Optimize for analysis, not display. The oscilloscope has a preference setting (Utilities > Preference Setup > Preferences) to control how CPU time is allocated. If you are primarily concerned with quickly processing data for export to other systems (such as Automated Test Equipment) rather than viewing it personally, it can help to switch the Optimize For: setting to Analysis.
Turn off tables, annotations, and waveform traces. As long as downstream processes such as measurements or Pass/Fail tests reference a decoder, the decoder can function without actually displaying results. If you do not need to see the results but only need the exported data, you can deselect View Decode, or minimize the number of lines in a table. Closing input traces also helps.
Decrease the number of columns in tables. Only the result table rows and columnsshown are exported. It is best to reduce tables to only the essential columns if the data is to be exported, as export time is proportional to the amount of data exchanged.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions

Automating the Decoder

As with all other oscilloscope settings, decoder features such as result table configuration and export can be configured remotely.
Configuring the Decoder
The object path to the decoder Control Variables (CVARs) is:
app.SerialDecode.Decoden
Where n is the decoder number, 1 to 4. All relevant decoder objects will be nested under this. Use the XStreamBrowser utility (installed on the oscilloscope desktop) to view the entire object hierarchy.
The CVAR app.SerialDecode.Decoden.Decode.ColumnState contains a pipe-delimited list of all the table columns that are selected for display. For example:
app.SerialDecode.Decode1.Decode.ColumnState = "Idx=On|Time=On|Data=On|..."
If you wish to hide or display columns, send the full string with the state changed from "on" to "off", or vice versa, rather than remove any column from the list.
Timebase, Trigger, and input Channel objects are found under app.Acquisition.
Accessing the Result Table
The data in the decoder Result Table can be accessed using the Automation object:
app.SerialDecode.Decoden.Out.Result.CellValue(line index, column index)(item index, depth index)
n:= 1 to 4
line index:= 1 to K
column index:= 1 to L
item index:= {0, 1, 2} where 0=Value, 1=StartTime, 2=StopTime
depth index:= 1 to M
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Serial Trigger

Serial Trigger
TD optionsprovide advanced serial data triggering in addition to decoding. Serial data triggering is implemented directly within the hardware of the oscilloscope acquisition system. The serial data trigger scrutinizes the data stream in real time to recognize "on-the-fly" the user-defined serial data conditions. When the desired pattern is recognized, the oscilloscope takes a real-time acquisition of all input signals as configured in the instrument'sacquisition settings. This allowsdecode and analysis of the signal being triggered on, as well as concomitant data streams and analog signals.
The serial trigger supports fairly simple conditions, such as "trigger at the beginning of any packet," but the conditions can be made more restrictive depending on the protocol and the available filters, such as "trigger on packets with ID = 0x456". The most complex triggers incorporate a double condition on the ID and data, for example "trigger on packets with ID = 0x456 and when data in position 27 exceeds 1000".
Note: The trigger and decode systems are independent, although they are seamlessly coordinated in the user interface and the architecture. It is therefore possible to use the serial trigger without decoding the acquisition, or to decode acquisitions made without using the serial trigger.
Note: These instructionspertain only to the -TD and -TDME options for those protocols and encoding schemes where serial trigger is supported: 8b10b, 64b66b, 80-bit NRZ, MIL-1553, AudioBus (I2S/RJ/LJ), I2C, SPI, UART-RS232, CAN, CAN FD, LIN, FlexRay, SATA, USB2.
Requirements
Serial trigger options require the appropriate hardware (please consult support), an installed option key, and the latest firmware release.
Restrictions
The serial trigger only operates on one protocol at a time. It is therefore impossible to express a condition such as "trigger on CAN frames with ID = 0x456 followed by LIN packet with Adress 0xEBC."

Linking Trigger and Decoder

A quick way to set up a serial trigger is to link it to a decoder by checking the Link to Trigger ("On") box on the Serial Decode dialog. Linking trigger and decoder allows you to configure the trigger with the exact same values that are used for decoding the signal (in particular the bit rate), saving the extra effort needed to re-enter values on the serial trigger set up dialogs.
While the decoder and the trigger have distinct sets of controls, when the link isactive, a change to the bit rate in the decoder will immediately propagate to the trigger and vice-versa.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions

CAN/CAN FD Serial Trigger Setup

To access the serial trigger dialogs:
l Touch the Trigger descriptor box or choose Trigger > Trigger Setup from the Menu Bar.
l On the Trigger dialog, touch the Serial Type button, then the CAN Std or CAN FD Standard button.
Working from left to right, make the desired selections from the trigger setup dialog.
Source Setup
In DATA, select the data source input channel.
Use the Threshold control to adjust the vertical level for the trigger. Much like an Edge trigger, you must specify the level at which to process the incoming signal to determine whether the serial data pattern meets the trigger condition.
Tip: One way to test that the threshold is set correctly is to initially set the Trigger Type to All. If you see a decoded message appear each time the oscilloscope triggers, the level is correct.
Frame Type
These controls appear only for CAN FD triggers. They allow you to specify information about the frame types to be found in the data stream.
Choose whether the EDL bit Type is Both (X), CAN Std (0) only, or CAN FD (1) only. Both enables triggering on streams with mixed legacy and extended frame types.
If using CANFD Type, also:
l Check ISO Frame if the stream supports ISO frames.
l Choose a BR Select of Both (X), Normal (0), or FD (1). Both examines frames with or without a bit rate
switch. Normal and FD examine only frames with the respective BRS bit values.
CAN Setup
If you have not linked the trigger to a pre-set decoder, enter the Nominal Bitrate. Use the Up and Down arrows to scroll the list of standard bit rates and make a selection, or touch Bitrate and use the Adjust knob or the Virtual Keypad to enter the value.
CAN FD users: also enter the Data Bitrate used during the Data sequence.
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Serial Trigger
Note: When the trigger is linked, this value is dynamically linked to the decoding bitrate; they are always the same.
Trigger Type
These buttons determine which frames/fields are included in the trigger search:
All triggers upon finding the first CAN frame.
Remote triggers upon finding matching Frame ID values in Remote frames (only). Complete the Frame ID Setup described below.
ID triggers upon finding matching Frame ID values in any type of frame. Complete the Frame ID Setup described below.
ID+Data triggers upon finding matching Frame ID values and data patterns. Complete both the Frame ID Setup and Data Pattern Setup described below.
Error triggers when a protocol error occurs. Select all the errors that can produce a trigger from below Error Type.
Viewing Format
Choose to display/enter values in Binary, Hex(adecimal) or Sym(bolic) format. This selection propagates throughout the trigger setup. Toggling formats does not result in loss of information, but will transform the appearance of values.
Note: SYMBOLIC users, follow the Symbolic Setup below for Remote, ID, and ID+Data triggers instead of Frame ID Setup and Data Pattern Setup.
Frame ID Setup
Frame ID Setup is used to trigger upon encountering either a specific ID value or any value relative to a reference ID value (e.g., greater than x).
Choose the ID Condition (Boolean operator) that describes the relationship to the Frame ID value. To use a range of values, choose In Range or Out Range.
In ID Bits, choose to trigger on 11-bit (Standard CAN) messages, 29-bit (Extended CAN) messages, or ALL.
Enter the reference Frame ID value. When setting a range, enter the start Frame ID.
When setting a range, enter the stop value in To Frame ID.
Data Pattern Setup
Create a condition statement that describes the Data field pattern upon which to trigger. This condition is added to the Frame ID condition.
Choose the Data Condition (Boolean operator) that describes the relationship to the reference Data Value. To use a range of values, choose In Range or Out Range.
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Set DLC (Data Length Code) to any integer value from 0 to 8. It should match the DLC of the CAN message(s) on which to trigger.
Choose from either Motorola (default) or Intel Byte Order.
Use Start Bit and # Data Bits together to define a string of up-to-64 contiguous data bits (8 data bytes) starting from any location in the CAN message data field. The Start Bit can be any value from 0 to 63, it is not limited to the start of a full byte or a nibble. The Start Bit value is always in LSB format, the bit numbering shown on the decoded waveform, with bit 0 at the far left and bit 63 at the far right. Make sure the Start Bit value makes sense in relation to the DLC value (e.g., a Start Bit value of 32 with a DLC Value of 4 is not going to result in a successfultrigger). The total # Data Bits can be any value from 1 to 64.
Choose a Sign Type of signed or unsigned integer format.
Enter the reference Data Value. When using a range, enter the start Data Value. For Hexadecimal format values, if desired, you can precede the ID value with 0x, but this is not necessary. Be sure to enter a Data Value that matches the DLC Value.
When using a range, enter the stop value in Data Value To.
Symbolic Setup
Symbolic triggering sets the trigger conditions on values defined in a symbolfile. This feature is only enabled when a SYMBOLIC option is installed.
Browse to and select the Symbol File.
Touch the DBC button to view the selected symbol file. A pop-up dialog displays a hierarchy of Nodes, Messages, and Signals. Expand the list to see the values defined for each.
Select the element on which to trigger, then touch OK.
If you are setting up a symbolic ID+Data trigger, also create a condition statement that describes the data value upon which to trigger. All values that meet the condition will cause a trigger.
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Serial Trigger
l Choose the Condition (Boolean operator) that describes the relationship to the reference value, then
enter the Value.
l To use a range of values, choose In Range or Out Range and also enter the To value.
Note: The Units assigned to the values are taken directly from the symbol file.
Sampling Point
This dialog appears behind the trigger setup dialog in CAN and CAN FD options. Use it to manually set the sampling point levels for the Nominal Bit Time and the Data Bit Time in cases where there may be a recessive ESI bit.
Note: If the trigger is linked to a decoder, these fields will already reflect the entries on the decoder Sampling subdialog. Changing values here will also change the decoder.
First, choose to use either Basic or Advanced Menu Format.
In the Basic format, you need only set the Requested Sampling Point position within the bit, expressed as a percentage.
The Actual Sampling Point levels measured are displayed on the dialog when the trigger is enabled.
The Advanced format disables the Requested Sampling Point and enables fields to manually enter:
l Prop_Seg, part of the bit time used to compensate for physical network delay times.
l Phase_Seg1, number of time quantums before the sampling point.
l Phase_Seg2, number of time quantums after the sampling point.
l SJW (Synchronization Jump Width).
CAN FD users: make these settings for both the Nominal Bit Time and the Data Bit Time.
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LIN Serial Trigger Setup

To access the serial trigger dialogs:
l Touch the Trigger descriptor box or choose Trigger > Trigger Setup from the Menu Bar.
l Touch the Serial Type button, and the LIN Standard button.
Then, working from left to right, make the desired selections from the LIN dialog.
Source Setup
In DATA, select the data source input channel.
Use the Threshold control to adjust the vertical level for the trigger. Much like an Edge trigger, you must specify the level at which to process the incoming signal to determine whether the serial data pattern is meeting the set trigger condition.
LIN Setup
If you have not linked the trigger to a pre-set decoder, enter the Bitrate of the bus to which you are connected. This bit rate selection is dynamically linked to the decoding bit rate (they are always the same value). Use the Up or Down arrows to scroll the list of standard bit rates and make a selection, or touch the control and enter the value as close as possible to the actual bus rate.
Trigger Type
The oscilloscope can be configured to trigger upon a simple LIN Start of Frame (Break), a Frame ID value, a combination of Frame ID values and Data patterns, or error. Choose the desired Trigger Type and complete the remaining fields required to set the trigger condition:
l Error, complete the Checksum Error Setup below.
l Frame ID, complete the Frame ID Setup below.
l ID + Data, complete both Frame ID Setup and Data Pattern Setup below.
Setup Format
Choose to display/enter values in Binary or Hex(adecimal) format. The selection propagates throughout the entire trigger setup. Toggling between formats does not result in loss of information, but will transform the appearance of values.
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Serial Trigger
Frame ID Setup
Frame ID Setup is used to trigger upon encountering either a specific ID value or any value relative to a reference ID value (e.g., greater than x). Use these controls to create a condition statement that describes the trigger criteria.
Choose the ID Condition (Boolean operator) that describes the relationship to the Frame ID value. To use a range of values, choose In Range or Out Range.
Enter the reference Frame ID value. When setting a range, enter the start Frame ID.
When setting a range, enter the stop value in To Frame ID.
Data Pattern Setup
Create a condition statement that describes the Data field pattern upon which to trigger. This condition is added to the Frame ID condition.
Choose the Data Condition (Boolean operator) that describes the relationship to the reference Data Value. To use a range of values, choose In Range or Out Range.
Enter the reference Data Value. When using a range, enter the start Data Value. In Hexadecimal format, data must be entered as full bytes even though the minimum required acceptable entry is a nibble. If less than a full byte is entered, then a "don't care" (wildcard) X precedes the pattern values entered. Up to 8 bytes of data can be entered as a pattern value. If less than 8 bytes of data is entered for the pattern value, the data is assumed to begin at Data Byte 1 in the LIN message. If this is not desired, then add preceding or trailing X nibbles to the pattern value.
When using a range, enter the stop value in Data Value To.
# Data Bytes defaults to the length, in bytes, of the pattern set in the Data Value. If you change the length to be less than this value, it would truncate the beginning of the pattern value. If you were to increase the pattern length, it would add "don't care" XX byte values to the beginning of the pattern value. The maximum number of data bytes is 8, per the LIN standard.
Checksum Error Setup
Enter the Error Frame ID to search.
Check all the error types on which to trigger: Checksum Error, Header Parity, or Sync Byte.
If Checksum Error is selected, also enter the LIN Spec. (standard) used to encode the data and the # Data Bytes in a message.
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FlexRay Serial Trigger Setup

To access the serial trigger dialogs:
l Touch the Trigger descriptor box or choose Trigger > Trigger Setup from the Menu Bar.
l Touch the Serial Type button, and the FlexRay Standard button.
Then, working from left to right, make the desired selections from the FlexRay dialog.
Source Setup
These controls are use by all trigger types.
In DATA, select the data source input channel.
Use the Threshold controls to set the High and Low vertical level for the trigger. Much like an Edge trigger, you must specify the level at which to process the incoming signal to determine whether the serial data pattern is meeting the set trigger condition. FlexRay is a tri-level signal and requires two voltage threshold settings which enable the oscilloscope to distinguish between 1 and 0.
If desired, use the Find Threshold button to set appropriate thresholdsbased on the input signal characteristics.
FlexRay Setup
If you have not linked the trigger to a pre-set decoder, enter the Bitrate of the bus to which you are connected. This value is dynamically linked to the decoding bitrate; they are always the same. Touch the arrow buttons to scroll through standard bitrates (2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 Mb/s), or touch Bitrate and enter the value using the Adjust knob or the Virtual Keypad.
Trigger Type
The oscilloscope can be configured to trigger upon the occurrence of a simple Transmit Start Sequence (TSS), a Symbol, various Frame characteristics (ID, Cycle Count, or Qualifiers), or a FlexRay error. Choose the desired Trigger Type and complete the remaining fields required to set the trigger condition:
l TSS, complete Setup Format below.
l Frame, complete Setup Format and Frame Trigger below.
l Symbol, complete the Symbol Trigger below.
l Error, complete Error Trigger below.
Setup Format
Choose to display/enter values in Binary or Hex(adecimal) format. The selection propagates throughout the entire trigger setup. Toggling between formats does not result in loss of information, but will transform the appearance of values.
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Serial Trigger
Frame Trigger Setup
Frame ID
Frame ID Setup is used to trigger upon encountering either a specific ID value or any value relative to a reference ID value (e.g., greater than x). Use these controls to create a condition statement that describes the Frame ID criteria.
Choose the Condition (Boolean operator) that describes the relationship to the Frame ID value. To use a range of values, choose In Range or Out Range.
Enter the reference Value. When setting a range, enter the start Frame ID in Value and the stop Frame ID value in To.
Tip: Use X as a wildcard ("Don't Care") in any position. To effectively exclude the Frame ID as a trigger condition, choose the Equal condition and the default value of all Xs.
Cycle Count
The Cycle Count is a decimal value between 0 and 63 correlating to the FlexRay Cycle Count numbering system. The default Cycle Count is 0. You may also specify a Repetition Factor to allow for triggering when Cycle multiplexing is being used. This condition is added to any Frame ID conditions.
As with Frame ID, create a Boolean statement describing the Cycle Count criteria. Omit the Cycle Count criteria by selecting Condition "Don't Care".
When the Cycle Count condition is set to Equal, set a Repetition Factor of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64.
Frame Qualifiers
Defined in the FlexRay specification, the occurrence of Payload Preamble, Null Frame, Sync Frame, or Startup Frame bits may be set as trigger conditions. These conditions are added to any Frame ID or Cycle Count conditions.
Each qualifier can be set to one or zero, or omitted by selecting "Don't Care". The trigger will be restricted to frames with matching values in the respective field.
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Symbol Trigger Setup
The Symbol selection triggers upon finding any frame that includes any one of the selected symbols. Mark all the desired symbol types.
Error Trigger Setup
The Error selection triggers upon the occurence of any FlexRay protocol or CRC error. Mark all the desired error types. If you choose Payload CRC, also select the Payload input channel.
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Serial Trigger

Using the Decoder with the Trigger

A key feature of Teledyne LeCroy trigger and decode options is the integration of the decoder functionality with the trigger. While you may not be interested in the decoded data per se, using the decoded waveform can help with understanding and tuning the trigger.
Stop and Look
Decoding with repetitive triggers can be very dynamic. Stop the acquisition and use the decoder tools such as Search, or oscilloscope tools such as TriggerScan, to inspect the waveform for events of interest. Touch and drag the paused trace to show time pre- or post-trigger.
Optimize the Grid
The initial decoding may be very compressed and impossible to read. Try the following:
l Increase the height of the trace by decreasing the gain setting (V/Div) of the decoder source channel.
This causes the trace to occupy more of the available grid.
l Change your Display settings to turn off unnecessary grids. The Auto Grid feature automatically
closes unused grids. On many oscilloscopes, you can manually move traces to consolidate grids.
l Close setup dialogs.
Use Zoom
The default trigger point is at zero (center), marked by a small triangle of the same color as the input channel at the bottom of the grid. Zoom small areas around the trigger point. The zoom will automatically expand to fit the width of the screen on a new grid. This will help you to see that your trigger is occurring on the bits you specified.
If you drag a trace too far left or right of the trigger point, the message decoding may disappear from the grid. You can prevent "losing" the decode by creating a zoom of whatever portion of the decode interests you. The zoom trace will not disappear when dragged and will show much more detail.
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Automotive Protocols TDME Instructions

Saving Trigger Data

The message decoding and the result table are dynamic and will continue to change as long as there are new trigger events. As there may be many trigger events in long acquisitions or repetitive waveforms, it can be difficult (if not impossible) to actually read the results on screen unless you stop the acquisition. You can preserve data concurrent with the trigger by using the AutoSave feature.
l AutoSave Waveform creates a .trc file that copies the waveform at each trigger point. These files
can be recalled to the oscilloscope for later viewing. Choose File > Save Waveform and an Auto Save setting of Wrap (overwrite when drive full) or Fill (stop when drive full). The files are saved in D:\Waveforms.
l AutoSave Table creates a .csv file of the result table data at each trigger point. Choose File > Save
Table and an Auto Save setting of Wrap or Fill. The files are saved in D:\Tables.
Caution: If you have frequent triggers, it is possible you will eventually run out of hard drive space. Choose Wrap only if you're not concerned about files persisting on the instrument. If you choose Fill, plan to periodically delete or move files out of the directory.
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Measure/Graph

Measure/Graph
The installation of the Measure/Graph package (included with any -DME or -TDME option) adds a set of measurements and plots designed for serial data analysisto the oscilloscope's standard measurement capabilities. Measurements can be quickly applied without having to leave the waveform or tabular views of the decoding.
Note: This functionality was formerly offered as part of -TDM options and the ProtoBus MAG software option. The features described in this section should be present If you have either of these installed on your oscilloscope.

Serial Data Measurements

These measurements designed for debugging serial data streams can be applied to the decoded waveform. Measurements appear in a tabular readout below the grid (the same as for any other measurements) and are in addition to the result table that shows the decoded data. You can set up as many measurements as your oscilloscope has parameter locations.
Note: Measurements appear in the Serial Decode sub-menu of the Measure Setup menu and may have slightly different names. For example, the CAN sub-menu has measurements for CANtoValue instead of MsgToValue, etc. The measurements are the same.
Measurement Filters Description
AnalogToMsg ID, Data, Analog Computes time from crossing threshold on an analog signal to start of first
message that meets conditions. If the message condition precedes the ana­log condition, no measurement is performed.
BusLoad ID, Data Computes the load of selected messages on the bus (as a percent).
ColToValue Column Extracts the data in a single column of the result table to a measurement
parameter location, with no transformation of value.
DeltaMsg ID, Data Computes time difference between two messages on a single decoded line.
MsgBitrate ID, Data Computes the bitrate of selected messages within the decoded stream.
MsgToAnalog ID, Data, Analog Computes time from start of first message that meets conditions to crossing
threshold on an analog signal. If the analog condition precedes the mes­sage condition, no measurement is performed.
MsgToMsg ID, Data Computes time from start of first message that meets conditions to start of
the next message that meets conditions.
MsgToValue ID, Value Extracts a selected portion of the data to a measurement parameter loc-
ation, with optional conversion of value. Data may be selected by ID and/or data field position.
NumMessages ID, Data Computes the total number of messages in the decoding that meet con-
ditions.
Time@Msg ID, Data Computes time from trigger to start of each message that meets conditions.
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Graphing Measurements

The Measure/Graph package include simplified methods for plotting measurement values as:
l Histogram - a bar chart of the number of data points that fall into statistically significant intervals or
bins. Bar height relates to the frequency at which data points fall into each interval/bin. Histogram is helpful to understand the modality of a parameter and to debug excessive variation.
l Trend - a plot of the evolution of a parameter over time. The graph's vertical axis is the value of the
parameter; its horizontal axis is the order in which the values were acquired. Trending data can be accumulated over many acquisitions. It is analogousto a chart recorder.
l Track - a time-correlated accumulation of values for a single acquisition. Tracks are time
synchronous and clear with each new acquisition. Track can be used to plot data values and compare them to a corresponding analog signal, or to observe changes in timing. A parameter tracked over a long acquisition could provide information about the modulation of the parameter.
These plots effectively perform a digital-to-analog conversion that can be viewed right next to the decoded waveform.
To graph a measurement, just select the plot type from the Measure/Graph dialog when setting up the measurement. All plots are created as Math functions that open along side the deocoding in a separate grid.

Measure/Graph Setup Dialog

Use the Measure/Graph Setup dialog to apply serial data measurement parameters to the decoded waveform and simultaneously graph the results. This dialog appears behind the Decode Setup dialog and is active when measurements are supported.
1. Select the Measurement to apply and the Destination parameter (Pn) to which to assign it.
2. The active decoder is preselected in Source 1, indicating the measurement will be applied to the decoder results; change it if necessary. If the measurement requires it, also select an appropriate Source 2 (such as an analog waveform for comparison).
3. Optionally:
l Touch Graph to select a plot type. Also select a Destination function (Fn) for the plot.
l Touch Apply & Configure to set a filter, gate or other qualifiers on the measurement.
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Measure/Graph

Filtering Measurements

Certain serial decode measurements can be filtered to include only the results from specified IDs or specific data patterns. As with all measurements, you can set a gate to restrict measurements to a horizontal range of the grid corresponding to a specific time segment of the acquisition.
After creating a measurement on the Measure/Graph Setup dialog, touch Apply&Configure. The touch screen display will switch to the standard Measure setup dialogsfor the parameter you selected. Set filter conditions on the right-hand subdialogs that appear next to the Pn dialogs.
ID Filter
This filter restricts the measurement to only frames/packets with a specific ID value. Settings on this dialog may change depending on the protocol.
1. On the Main subdialog, choose to Filter by ID or ID + Data.
2. On the ID subdialog, choose to enter the ID in Binary or Hex(adecimal) format.
3. If the field appears, select the # Bits used to define the frame ID. (This willchange the ID Value field length.) For CAN, choose from standard 11-bit or extended 29-bit.
4. Using the ID Condition and ID Value controls, create a condition statement that describes the IDs you want included in the measurement. To set a range of values, also enter the ID Value To.
Tip: On the value entry pop-up: use the arrow keys to position the cursor; use Back to clear the previouscharacter (like Backspace); use Clear to clear all characters.
Data Filter
This restricts measurements to only frames containing extracted data that matches the filter condition. It can be combined with a Frame ID filter by choosing ID+Data on the Main subdialog.
Use the same procedure as above to create a condition describing the Data Value(s) to include in the measurement. Use "X" as a wild card ("Don't Care") in any position where the value doesn't matter.
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Optionally, enter a Start Position within the data field byte to begin seeking the pattern, and the # Bits in the data pattern. The remaining data fieldspositions will autofillwith "X".
Note: For MsgtoMsg measurements, the data condition is entered twice: first for the Start Message and then for the End Message. The measurement computes the time to find a match to each set of conditions.
Analog Settings
The measurements AnalogToMsg and MsgToAnalog allow you to use crossing level and slope to define the event in the Analog waveform that is to be used as the reference for the measurement.
As with the decoder, Level may be set as a percentage of amplitude (default), or as an absolute voltage level by changing Level Is to Absolute. You can also use Find Level to allow the oscilloscope to set the level to the mean top-base amplitude.
A Slope and Hysteresis selection is also offered. The width of the Hysteresis band is specified in milli­divisions. See Setting Level and Hysteresis for more information on using these controls.
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Eye Diagram Tests

Eye Diagram Tests
The -DME and -TDME options provide easy eye diagram setup and eye mask testing.
Eye diagrams are a key component of serial data analysis. They are used both quantitatively and qualitatively to understand the quality of the signal communications path. Signal integrity effects such as intersymbolinterference, loss, crosstalk and EMIcan be identified by viewing eye diagrams, such that the eye is typically viewed prior to performing any further analysis.
Each pixel in the eye takes on a color that indicates how frequently a signal has passed through the time and voltage specified for that pixel. The eye diagram shows all values a digital signal takes on during a bit period. A bit period (also referred to as unit interval, or UI) is defined by the data clock, whether explicit or extrapolated depending on the protocol.
Eye diagrams show the acquired signal that is currently being shown on the decoder result table. They are not persistent, as are eye diagrams generated in some other serial data analysis software; the eye will change from one acquisition to the next and when the result table is filtered. Our recommended approach for using the eye diagrams is to:
l Make single shot acquisitions with decoder and eye diagram enabled to check that both are working
correctly.
l Run a normal acquisition with Mask Testing and Stop On Failure enabled in the Mask Failure Locator,
or with a Pass/Fail test set on one of the eye parameters.

Eye Diagram Setup Dialog

Create Eye Diagram
Open the Eye Diagram Setup dialog and select the Decode for which to create an eye diagram.
Under Eye, check Enable to display the eye diagram.
The Bitrate is automatically read from the decoder setup. This value is linked to the decoder bit rate setting, and changing it in either place will update both settings.
The Upsample factor increases the number of sample points used to compose the eye diagram. Increase from 1 to a higher number (e.g. 5) to fill in gaps. Gaps can occur when the bitrate is extremely close to a submultiple of the sampling rate, such that the sampling of the waveform does not move throughout the entire unit interval. Gaps can also occur when using a record length that does not sample a sufficiently large number of unit intervals.
The Eye Style may utilize color-graded or analog persistence:
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l
With color-graded persistence , pixels are given a color based on the pixel's relative population and the selected Eye Saturation. The color palette ranges from violet to red.
l
With analog persistence , the color used mimicks the relative intensity that would be seen on an analog oscilloscope.
Use the Eye Saturation slider to adjust the color grading or intensity. Slide to the left to reduce the threshold required to reach saturation.
Choose to display the Eye Height, Eye Width, or Mask Hit(s) measurement parameters. These are added to the Measure table in the first open parameter slots.
Eye Mask Test
Under Mask, check Enable to turn on eye mask testing.
Select to use either a Standard or Custom mask, then either select the Standard Mask or Browse to and select your custom Mask File.
Tip: Masks previously created on the instrument are stored in D:\Masks. For ease of selection, copy other .msk files to this location.
Check Mask Failure On to mark the parts of the eye diagram that fail the mask test. Mask violations appear as red failure indicators where the eye diagram intersects the mask.
Check Failure Location to display the Mask Failure Locator dialog.

Mask Failure Locator Dialog

Use this dialog to quickly search the acquisition for eye diagram mask test failures.
In Trace Width, enter the number of UIs surrounding the mask violation to display as "padding."
Check Stop On Failure to stop acquisition whenever an eye mask failure occurs.
Enter the Max Failures to retain in the Eye Mask Failure list.
Select from the Eye Mask Failure list to mark and zoom to the location of that failure. Yellow circles appear over the red failure indicators to show the location of the failure.
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FlexRay Physical Layer Testing

FlexRay Physical Layer Testing
The FlexRaybus TDMP option includes physial layer tests specified by the FlexRay standard. When this option isactivated, an additional FlexRay Phy dialog appears following the Measure/Graph Setup tab.
The dialog containsselections for SI Voting, Eye Diagram, Mask Testing, and Measurement Setup to quickly align signals to the FlexRay specification. These tests can be run simultaneously with the protocol­level decoding to quickly identify where errors and anomalies occur.

General Settings

Mark Enable to enable physical layer testing.
Mark Show Decode to display the signal decoding during the physical layer test. The current FlexRay decoder settings from the Decode Setup dialogs will apply.
The Decode Setup button provides quick access to the Decode Setup dialog.

Input Setup

Touch Source 1 and choose the transmitter test signal.
Note: The Source 1 signal is used for SI Voting, Eye Diagram, and Mask Test functions. Source 1 and Source 2 are both used for the Measurement function.
Optionally, touch Source 2 and choose the receiver test signal for physical layer measurements.
Enter the Bitrate as close as possible to the the bitrate of the bus to which you are connected. Use the arrows to scroll through the standard bitrates (2.5 Mb/s, 5 Mb/s and 10 Mb/s) and make a selection, or touch the field to enter the value using the Adjust Knob or the Virtual Keypad.
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SI Voting Setup

SIVoting was developed as an alternative for users who found eye diagrams and masksto result in failed tests on signals which would actually passin practice. SIVoting filters every bit pattern of the form 00010 and 11101 (i.e., all single-bit pulses), then measures the bit-length between a point on the first edge and a symmetrical point on the second edge, providing a set of time deltas between the two edges. The result is then tested against the specification constraints on shortest and longest acceptable bit-length, maximum acceptable bit-length variation, longest acceptable edge time, and top and base levels.
Note: SI Voting disables the application and display of FlexRay physical layer measurements.
Mark SI Voting On to enable voting.
Mark each item on which to vote:
l Pos. Bits Length
l Neg. Bits Length
l Filtered Input
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Eye Diagram Setup

Eye diagrams are created by slicing the bits transmitted in the FlexRay signal and superimposing each bit on to an eye diagram. The signal issliced based on measurements taken at the falling edge of the first Byte Start Sequence (BSS) and the time between consecutive BSS symbols. These measurements allow the algorithm to compute the rate of the embedded clock and slice the FlexRay waveform in to sub­waveforms that are one bit in length. The clock uses a constant bitrate specified by the user and is resynchronized on every BSS. These sub-waveforms are then scaled to fill 8 horizontal divisions on the oscilloscope and represent 1 Unit Interval (UI) in the eye diagram and superimposed on top of each other.
The resulting Eye Diagram behaves as detailed in the FlexRay specification (Electrical Physical Layer Application Notes, Chapter 2.19) and produces an eye of all the bits in a message by synchronizing on the BSS transition. Then, it uses a constant clock to slice bits up to the next BSS. Masks are defined for 2.5,
5.0, and 10 Mb/s speeds.
FlexRay eye diagram.
Mark Eye Diagram On to enable eye diagramming.
Note: It will take more time to generate an eye diagram from long acquisitionsthan from short ones.
Mark Eye Violation to display violations. Mask violations appear as red failure indicators where the eye diagram intersects the mask.
Mark Stop On Violation to stop the acquisition whenever an eye violation occurs. This will allow time to examine the decoding compared to the eye diagram violation and understand exactly where the violation occurred.
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Mask Test Setup

Mask testing can be performed on the eye diagram with masks defined at TP1 and TP11. The mask is aligned horizontally by computing the time for a single UI and centering it on the display. The mask is centered vertically around 0V.
As explained in the FlexRay Electrical Physical Layer Specification, Chapter 7, the mask test makes an eye of the bits following any transition (rising and falling) with no clock recovery. Only a 10 Mb/s mask is defined in the specification, but assuming a controller passing at 10 Mb/s also passes at other bitrates, other masks are provided for different test pointsand setup configurations.
FlexRay eye diagram mask test showing red violation indicators.
Mark Mask Test On to enable the mask test.
Mark Mask Violation to show violationson the display. Mask violations appear as red failure indicators where the eye digram intersects the mask.
Mark Stop on violation to stop the acquisition whenever a mask violation occurs. This will allow time to examine the decoding compared to the mask violation and understand exactly where the violation occurred.
Touch Mask Type and choose from:
l TP1
l TP1 Bus Driver
l TP11
l TP11 Active Star
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FlexRay Physical Layer Testing

Physical Layer Measurement Setup

You can apply four measurements defined in the FlexRay physical layer specification to characterize the timing properties of the signal along the communication channel. Results appear in the measurement readout table below the grid.
Clear SI Voting On to enable measurement selection.
Mark each measurement you wish to apply to the test signal:
l Propagation Delay, measured on two points along the communication channel from the emitter node
module to the receiver node module. Propagation Delay characterizes the propagation time of the signal using the first transition of the Byte Start Sequence (BSS).
l Assymetric Delay, measured on two points along the communication channel from the emitter node
module to the receiver node module. Assymetric Delay characterizes the difference in delay between rising and falling edges.
l Frame TSS Length Change, measured on two points along the communication channel from the
emitter node module to the receiver node module. Frame TSS Length Change measures the change in width of the Transition Start Sequence (TSS).
l Jitter, measured on a single point, usually the receiving node. Jitter measures the change of length
betwee the last BSS and the FSS. This should usually be 1µs.
Touch Probed On and choose the type of line you are measuring:
l BP-BM (diff) - a differential signal on the communication channel
l RxD-TxD (dig.) - a two-level digital signal in the communication controller intrface.
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Technical Support

Live Support
Registered users can contact their local Teledyne LeCroy service center at the number listed on our website.
Resources
Teledyne LeCroy publishes a free Technical Library on its website. Manuals, tutorials, application notes, white papers, and videos are available to help you get the most out of your Teledyne LeCroy products.
The Datasheet published on the product page contains the detailed product specifications.
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