Hardware and Software User Manual
Revision Date: 12/14/2016
TELEDYNE LECROY
Copyright © 2017 Teledyne LeCroy, Inc.
FTS, Frontline, Frontline Test System, ComProbe Protocol Analysis System and ComProbe are registered
trademarks of Teledyne LeCroy, Inc.
The Bluetooth SIG, Inc. owns the Bluetooth® word mark and logos, and any use of such marks by Teledyne LeCroy,
Inc. is under license.
All other trademarks and registered trademarks are property of their respective owners.
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Contents
Chapter 1 Frontline Hardware & Software 1
1.1 What is in this manual 2
1.2 Computer Minimum System Requirements 2
1.3 Software Installation 2
Chapter 2 Getting Started 3
2.1 NFC Hardware 3
2.1.1 Hardware Installation 3
2.1.2 NFC Hardware Settings 4
2.1.3 Capture Tips 4
2.2 Data Capture Methods 7
2.2.1 Opening Data Capture Method 7
2.2.2 Frontline® NFC Data Capture Method 9
2.3 Control Window 10
2.3.1 Control Window Toolbar 10
2.3.2 Configuration Information on the Control Window 11
2.3.3 Status Information on the Control Window 11
2.3.4 Frame Information on the Control Window 12
2.3.5 Control Window Menus 12
2.3.6 Minimizing Windows 15
Chapter 3 Configuration Settings 16
3.1 NFC Configuration 16
3.1.1 NFC Hardware Settings 16
3.1.2 NFC I/O Settings - Datasource 17
3.1.2.1 Filter Settings 17
3.1.2.2 Hardware Trigger 18
3.1.2.3 Start Triggers 18
3.1.2.4 Protocols Enabled 18
3.1.2.5 Automatic Gain Control 18
3.1.2.6 Type 1 Tag Platform 19
3.1.2.7 Mifare Classic 19
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Chapter 4 Capturing and Analyzing Data 20
4.1 Capture Data 20
4.1.1 Capturing Data to Disk - General Procedure 20
4.1.2 Extended Inquiry Response 22
4.2 Protocol Stacks 22
4.2.1 Protocol Stack Wizard 23
4.2.2 Creating and Removing a Custom Stack 24
4.2.3 Reframing 25
4.2.4 Unframing 25
4.2.5 How the Analyzer Auto-traverses the Protocol Stack 26
4.2.6 Providing Context For Decoding When Frame Information Is Missing 27
4.3 Analyzing Protocol Decodes 27
4.3.1 The Frame Display 27
4.4 Analyzing Byte Level Data 62
4.4.1 Event Display 62
4.4.2 The Event Display Toolbar 63
4.4.3 Opening Multiple Event Display Windows 65
4.4.4 Calculating CRCs or FCSs 65
4.4.5 Calculating Delta Times and Data Rates 65
4.4.6 Switching Between Live Update and Review Mode 66
4.4.7 Data Formats and Symbols 66
Chapter 5 Navigating and Searching the Data 72
5.1 Find 72
5.1.1 Searching within Decodes 73
5.1.2 Searching by Pattern 75
5.1.3 Searching by Time 77
5.1.4 Using Go To 79
5.1.5 Searching for Special Events 80
5.1.6 Searching by Signal 81
5.1.7 Searching for Data Errors 85
5.1.8 Find - Bookmarks 87
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5.1.9 Changing Where the Search Lands 88
5.1.10 Subtleties of Timestamp Searching 89
5.2 Bookmarks 89
5.2.1 Adding, Modifying or Deleting a Bookmark 89
5.2.2 Displaying All and Moving Between Bookmarks 90
Chapter 6 Saving and Importing Data 92
6.1 Saving Your Data 92
6.1.1 Saving the Entire Capture File 92
6.1.2 Saving the Entire Capture File with Save Selection 93
6.1.3 Saving a Portion of a Capture File 94
6.2 Adding Comments to a Capture File 94
6.3 Confirm Capture File (CFA) Changes 95
6.4 Loading and Importing a Capture File 95
6.4.1 Loading a Capture File 95
6.4.2 Importing Capture Files 96
6.5 Printing 96
6.5.1 Printing from the Frame Display/HTML Export 96
6.5.2 Printing from the Event Display 99
6.6 Exporting 100
6.6.1 Frame Display Export 100
6.6.2 Exporting a File with Event Display Export 100
Chapter 7 General Information 104
7.1 System Settings and Progam Options 104
7.1.1 System Settings 104
7.1.2 Changing Default File Locations 108
7.1.3 Side Names 110
7.1.4 Timestamping 111
7.2 Technical Information 114
7.2.1 Performance Notes 114
7.2.2 Progress Bars 115
7.2.3 Event Numbering 115
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7.2.4 Useful Character Tables 115
7.2.5 DecoderScript Overview 118
7.2.6 Bluetooth low energy ATT Decoder Handle Mapping 118
Contacting Technical Support 119
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Chapter 1 Frontline Hardware & Software
Frontline Test Equipment family of protocol analyzers work with the following technologies.
l Classic Bluetooth
l Bluetooth low energy
l Dual Mode Bluetooth (simultaneous Classic and low energy)
l Bluetooth Coexistence: Bluetooth with 802.11 Wi-Fi
l Bluetooth HCI (USB, SD, High Speed UART)
l NFC
l 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
l SD
l HSU (High Speed UART)
The Frontline hardware interfaces with your computer that is running our robust software engine called the
ComProbe Protocol Analysis System or Frontline software. Whether you are sniffing the air or connecting directly
to the chip Frontline analyzers use the same powerful Frontline software to help you test, troubleshoot, and
debug communications faster.
Frontline software is an easy to use and powerful protocol analysis platform. Simply use the appropriate Frontline
hardware or write your own proprietary code to pump communication streams directly into the Frontline
software where they are decoded, decrypted, and analyzed. Within the Frontline software you see packets,
frames, events, coexistence, binary, hex, radix, statistics, errors, and much more.
This manual is a user guide that takes you from connecting and setting up the hardware through all of the
Frontline software functions for your Frontline hardware. Should you have any questions contact the Frontline
Technical Support Team.
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TELEDYNE LECROY Chapter 1 Frontline Hardware & Software
1.1 What is in this manual
The Frontline User Manual comprises the following seven chapters. The chapters are organized in the sequence
you would normally follow to capture and analyze data: set up, configure, capture, analyze, save. You can read
them from beginning to end to gain a complete understanding of how to use the Frontline hardware and software
or you can skip around if you only need a refresher on a particular topic. Use the Contents, Index, and Glossary to
find the location of particular topics.
l Chapter 1 Frontline Hardware and Software. This chapter will describe the minimum computer
requirements and how to install the software.
l Chapter 2 Getting Started. Here we describe how to set up and connect the hardware, and how to apply
power. This chapter also describes how to start the Frontline software in Data Capture Methods. You will be
introduced to the Control window that is the primary operating dialog in the Frontline software.
l Chapter 3 Configuration Settings. The software and hardware is configured to capture data. Configuration
settings may vary for a particular Frontline analyzer depending on the technology and network being sniffed.
There are topics on configuring protocol decoders used to disassemble packets into frames and events.
l Chapter 4 Capturing and Analyzing Data. This Chapter describes how to start a capture session and how to
observe the captured packets, frames, layers and events.
l Chapter 5 Navigating and Searching the Data. Here you will find how to move through the data and how to
isolate the data to specific events, often used for troubleshooting device design problems.
l Chapter 6 Saving and Importing Data. When a live capture is completed you may want to save the captured
data for future analysis, or you may want to import a captured data set from another developer or for use in
interoperability testing. This chapter will explain how to do this for various data file formats.
l Chapter 7 General Information. This chapter provides advanced system set up and configuration information,
timestamping information, and general reference information such as ASCII, baudot, and EBCDIC codes. This
chapter also provides information on how to contact Frontline's Technical Support team should you need
assistance.
1.2 Computer Minimum System Requirements
Frontline supports the following computer systems configurations:
l Operating System: Windows 7/8/10
l USB Port: USB 2.0 High-Speed or or later
The Frontline software must operate on a computer with the following minimum characteristics.
l Processor: Core i5 processor at 2.7 GHz
l RAM: 4 GB
l Free Hard Disk Space on C: drive: 20 GB
1.3 Software Installation
Download the installation software from FTE.com. Once downloaded, double-click the installer and follow the
directions.
Use this link: http://www.fte.com/nfc-soft.
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Chapter 2 Getting Started
In this chapter we introduce you to the Frontline hardware and show how to start the Frontline analyzer software
and explain the basic software controls and features for conducting the protocol analysis.
2.1 NFC Hardware
The following sections describe the NFC hardware connectors and hardware setup.
2.1.1 Hardware Installation
To assemble Frontline NFC, perform the following steps:
1. Attach the antenna to the SMA connector at the top of the unit.
2. Insert the smaller end of the USB cable into the Frontline NFC USB port at the end of the enclosure
opposite the antenna.
3. Plug larger end of the USB cable into an available USB port of your PC.
When completed, your configuration should resemble the following figure.
Figure 2.1 - NFC Hardware Installation
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2.1.2 NFC Hardware Settings
Use the Hardware Settings dialog to select which Frontline NFC you wish to configure. If only one Frontline NFC is
connected, it is automatically selected.
Figure 2.2 - NFC Hardware Settings Dialog
Hardware Settings Dialog
Connecting and using the Frontline NFCAnalyzer
1. Connect the Frontline NFC to an available USB port.
2. Start the analyzer software.
3. Select Hardware Settings from Options menu on the Control window.
4. Choose the Frontline device to use from the drop-down list. The drop-down list shows the serial numbers
of the Frontline devices. If you have only one Frontline device connected to your PC, it is selected
automatically.
5. Select OK to save the settings, Cancel to close the dialog without saving the settings, or Help to access
the Frontline help file.
2.1.3 Capture Tips
NFC can be a tricky protocol to capture reliably. NFC operates over a range of a few inches at most and it is often
difficult to know where to place the antenna to get the best result. The location of the antenna in NFC devices
varies from device to device making it even more difficult to find the proper location. In this section, we present a
few tips to help you more reliably capture NFC data.
The following image illustrates good antenna positioning.
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Figure 2.3 - Antenna Positioning - Good
The device, Frontline NFC unit antenna, and tag are within an inch or two of each other and all are oriented
parallel to each other. This ensures all devices are within NFC’s read range and that the maximum signal is
available to all devices.
In the following image, the devices are too far apart for reliable operation.
Figure 2.4 - Antenna Positioning - Too Far Apart
In the following image, the analyzer antenna is not parallel to the device and tag. This reduces its ability to reliably
capture data.
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Figure 2.5 - Antenna Position Not Parallel
In most cases, placing the antenna between the device and the tag gives the best results. However, for some
combinations of device and tag, performance may be improved by placing the antenna directly behind or next to
the tag as in the image below.
Figure 2.6 - Antenna Positioning - Behind or Next To Tag
Often, a device will only be able to read NFC tags in the area immediately surrounding the device’s internal
antenna. Often times, you’ll need to experiment with the reading device in order to locate its antenna and
determine the best location for the antenna and the tag. In the following image, the antenna of the device on the
left is in the lower portion of its enclosure but the device is incorrectly positioned so the upper portion of the
enclosure is near the analyzer’s antenna. This reduces the quality of the capture.
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Figure 2.7 - Antenna Positioning - Adjust for Internal Device Antenna
2.2 Data Capture Methods
This section describes how to load TELEDYNE LECROY Frontline Protocol Analysis System software, and how to
select the data capture method for your specific application.
2.2.1 Opening Data Capture Method
On product installation, the installer creates a folder on the windows desktop labeled "Frontline <version #>".
1. Double-click the " Frontline <version #>" desktop folder
This opens a standard Windows file folder window.
Figure 2.8 - Desktop Folder Link
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2. Double-click on Frontline ComProbe Protocol Analysis System and the system displays the Select Data
Capture Method... dialog.
Note: You can also access this dialog by selecting Start > All Programs > Frontline
(Version #) > Frontline ComProbe Protocol Analysis System
Figure 2.9 - Example: Select Data Capture Method..., BPA 600
Three buttons appear at the bottom of the dialog; Run, Cancel, and Help.
Select Data Capture Method dialog buttons
Button Description
Becomes active when a capture method is selected. Starts the selected capture method.
Closes the dialog and exits the user back to the computer desktop.
Opens Frontline Help. Keyboard shortcut: F1.
3. Expand the folder and select the data capture method that matches your configuration.
4. Click on the Run button and the Frontline Control Window will open configured to the selected capture
method.
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Note: If you don't need to identify a capture method, then click the Run button to start the
analyzer.
Creating a Shortcut
A checkbox labeled Create Shortcut When Run is located near the bottom
of the dialog. This box is un-checked by default. Select this checkbox, and the
system creates a shortcut for the selected method, and places it in the
"Frontline ComProbe Protocol Analysis System <version#>" desktop folder and
in the start menu when you click the Run button. This function allows you the option to create a shortcut icon that
can be placed on the desktop. In the future, simply double-click the shortcut to start the analyzer in the associated
protocol.
Supporting Documentation
The Frontline <version #>directory contains supporting documentation for development (Automation,
DecoderScript™, application notes), user documentation (Quick Start Guides and the Frontline User Manual), and
maintenance tools.
2.2.2 Frontline®NFC Data Capture Method
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l Requires one Frontline NFC hardware.
l Captures and Decodes NFC data.
2.3 Control Window
The analyzer displays information in multiple windows, with each window presenting a different type of
information. The Control window opens when the Run button is clicked in the Select Data Capture Method
window. The Control window provides access to each Frontline analyzer functions and settings as well as a brief
overview of the data in the capture file. Each icon on the toolbar represents a different data analysis function.
Figure 2.10 - Control Window
Because the Control window can get lost behind other windows, every window has a Home icon that brings
the Control window back to the front. Just click on the Home icon to restore the Control window.
When running the Capture File Viewer, the Control window toolbar and menus contain only those selections
needed to open a capture file and display the About box. Once a capture file is opened, the analyzer limits Control
window functions to those that are useful for analyzing data contained in the current file. Because you cannot
capture data while using Capture File Viewer, data capture functions are unavailable. For example, when
viewing Ethernet data, the Signal Display is not available. The title bar of the Control window displays the name of
the currently open file. The status line (below the toolbar) shows the configuration settings that were in use when
the capture file was created.
2.3.1 Control Window Toolbar
Toolbar icon displays vary according to operating mode and/or data displayed. Available icons appear in color,
while unavailable icons are not visible. Grayed-out icons are available for the Frontline hardware and software
configuration in use but are not active until certain operating conditions occur. All toolbar icons have
corresponding menu bar items or options.
Table 2.1 - Control Window Toolbar Icons
Icon Description
Open File - Opens a capture file.
I/O Settings - Opens settings
Start Capture - Begins data capture to disk
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Table 2.1 - Control Window Toolbar Icons (continued)
Icon Description
Stop Capture - Available after data capture has started. Click to stop data capture. Data can
be reviewed and saved, but no new data can be captured.
Save - Saves the capture file.
Clear - Clears or saves the capture file.
Event Display - (framed data only) Opens a Event Display, with the currently selected bytes
highlighted.
Frame Display - (framed data only) Opens a Frame Display, with the frame of the currently
selected bytes highlighted.
Notes - Opens the Notes dialog.
Cascade - Arranges windows in a cascaded display.
2.3.2 Configuration Information on the Control Window
The Configuration bar (just below the toolbar) displays the hardware configuration and may include I/O settings. It
also provides such things as name of the network card, address information, ports in use, etc.
2.3.3 Status Information on the Control Window
The Status bar located just below the Configuration bar on the Control window provides a quick look at current
activity in the analyzer.
l Capture Status displays Not Active, Paused or Running and refers to the state of data capture.
o
Not Active means that the analyzer is not currently capturing data.
o
Paused means that data capture has been suspended.
o
Running means that the analyzer is actively capturing data.
l
% Used
The next item shows how much of the buffer or capture file has been filled. For example, if you are
capturing to disk and have specified a 200 Kb capture file, the bar graph tells you how much of the capture
file has been used. When the graph reaches 100%, capture either stops or the file begins to overwrite the
oldest data, depending on the choices you made in the System Settings.
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l
Utilization/Events
The second half of the status bar gives the current utilization and total number of events seen on the
network. This is the total number of events monitored, not the total number of events captured. The
analyzer is always monitoring the circuit, even when data is not actively being captured. These graphs
allow you to keep an eye on what is happening on the circuit, without requiring you to capture data.
2.3.4 Frame Information on the Control Window
Frame Decoder information is located just below the Status bar on the Control window. It displays two pieces of
information.
l Frame Decoder (233 fps) displays the number of frames per second being decoded. You can toggle this
display on/off with Ctrl-D, but it is available only during a live capture.
l #132911 displays the total frames decoded.
l 100% displays the percentage of buffer space used.
2.3.5 Control Window Menus
The menus appearing on the Control window vary depending on whether the data is being captured live or
whether you are looking at a .cfa file. The following tables describe each menu.
Table 2.2 - Control Window File Menu Selections
Mode Selection
Live
Capture
File
Close
Go Live
Reframe
Unframe
Recreate
Companion File
Reload Decoders
Hot
Key
Description
Closes Live mode.
Returns to Live mode
If you need to change the protocol stack used to interpret a
capture file and the framing is different in the new stack, you
need to reframe in order for the protocol decode to be correct. See
Reframing on page 25
Removes start-of-frame and end-of-frame markers from your
data. See
Unframing on page 25
This option is available when you are working with decoders. If
you change a decoder while working with data, you can recreate
the ".frm file", the companion file to the ".cfa file". Recreating the
".frm file" helps ensure that the decoders will work properly.
The plug-ins are reset and received frames are decoded again.
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Table 2.2 - Control Window File Menu Selections (continued)
Mode Selection
Live &
Capture
File
Open Capture File
Hot
Key
Ctrl--OOpens a Windows Open file dialog. at the default location
"...\Public Documents\Frontline Test Equipment\My Capture
Files\". Capture files have a .cfa extension.
Description
Save
Exit ComProbe
Protocol Analysis
System
Recent capture files A list of recently opened capture files will appear.
The View menu selections will vary depending on the Frontline analyzer in use.
Mode Selection Hot key Description
Live &
Capture
File
Mode Selection
Capture
File
Event Display
Frame Display
Notes
Ctrl-SSaves the current capture or capture file. Opens a Windows
Save As dialog at the default location "...\Public
Documents\Frontline Test Equipment\My Capture Files\".
Shuts down the ComProbe Protocol Analysis System and all
open system windows.
Table 2.3 - Control Window View Menu Selections
CtrlShift-E
CtrlShift-M
Table 2.4 - Control Window Edit Menu Selections
Hot-
key
CtrlShift-O
Opens the Event Display window for analyzing byte level
data.
Opens the Frame Display window for analyzing protocol
level data
Description
Opens the
comments to a capture file.
Notes window
that allows the user to add
The Live menu selections will vary depending on the Frontline analyzer in use.
Table 2.5 - Control Window Live Menu Selections
Mode Selection Hot-Key Description
The following two rows apply to all Frontline products except Set in Target.
Live
The following rows apply to all Frontline products
Live Clear Shift-
Frontline NFC Hardware & Software User Manual 13
Start Capture
Stop Capture
Shift-F5 Begins data capture from the configured wireless devices.
F10 Stops data capture from the configured wireless devices.
Clears or saves the capture file.
F10
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Table 2.5 - Control Window Live Menu Selections (continued)
Mode Selection Hot-Key Description
Live &
Capture
File
Hardware Settings
I/O Settings
0 - Classic
1 - Bluetooth low energy
0 - Classic
1 - Bluetooth low energy
System Settings
Directories...
Check for New
Releases at Startup
Side Names...
Protocol Stack...
Set Initial Decoder
Parameters...
AltEnter
Opens the System Settings dialog for configuring capture
files.
Opens the
the default file locations.
When this selection is enabled, the program automatically
checks for the latest Frontline protocol analyzer software
releases.
Opens the
of the slave and master wireless devices.
Opens the
protocol stack they want the analyzer to use when decoding
frames.
Opens the
may be times when the context for decoding a frame is
missing. For example, if the analyzer captured a response
frame, but did not capture the command frame, then the
decode for the response may be incomplete. The Set Initial
Decoder Parameters dialog provides a means to supply the
context for any frame. The system allows the user to define
any number of parameters and save them in templates for
later use.Each entry in the window takes effect from the
beginning of the capture onward or until redefined in the Set
Subsequent Decoder Parameters dialog. This selection is not
present if no decoder is loaded that supports this feature.
File Locations dialog
Side Names dialog
Select a Stack dialog
Set Initial Decoder Parameters window
where the user can change
used to customize the names
where the user defines the
. There
Set Subsequent
Decoder
Parameters...
Automatically
Request Missing
Decoder
Information
14 Frontline NFC Hardware & Software User Manual
Opens the
where the user can override an existing parameter at any
frame in the capture. Each entry takes effect from the
specified frame onward or until redefined in this dialog on a
later frame. This selection is not present if no decoder is
loaded that supports this feature.
When checked, this selection opens a dialog that asking for
missing frame information. When unchecked, the analyzer
decodes each frame until it cannot go further and it stops
decoding. This selection is not present if no decoder is loaded
that supports this feature.
Set Subsequent Decoder Parameters dialog
Chapter 2 Getting Started TELEDYNE LECROY
Table 2.5 - Control Window Live Menu Selections (continued)
Mode Selection Hot-Key Description
Enable/Disable
Audio Expert
System
The Windows menu selection applies only to the Control window and open analysis windows: Frame Display,
Event Display, Message Sequence Chart, Bluetooth Timeline, Bluetooth low energy Timeline, and
Coexistence View. All other windows, such as the datasource, are not affected by these selections.
Table 2.6 - Control Window Windows Menu Selections
Mode Selection Hot-Key Description
Live &
Capture
File
Cascade
Close All Views
Ctrl-W Arranges open analysis windows in a cascaded view with
When enabled, the
it is not available. Only available when an Audio Expert
System licensed device is connected.
window captions visible.
Closes Open analysis windows.
Audio Expert System
is active, other wise
Minimize Control
Minimizes All
Frame Display
Event Display
Mode Selection Hot-Key Description
Live &
Capture
File
Help Topics
About Frontline
Protocol Analysis
System
Support on the Web
and
Table 2.7 - Control Window Help Menu Selections
When checked, minimizing the Control window also
minimizes all open analysis windows.
When these windows are open the menu will display these
selections. Clicking on the selection will bring that window to
the front.
Opens the Frontline Help window.
Provides a pop-up showing the version and release
information, Frontline contact information, and copyright
information.
Opens a browser to
fte.com
technical support page.
2.3.6 Minimizing Windows
Windows can be minimized individually or as a group when the Control window is minimized. To minimize
windows as a group:
1.
Go to the Window menu on the Control window.
2. Select Minimize Control Minimizes All. The analyzer puts a check next to the menu item, indicating
that when the Control window is minimized, all windows are minimized.
3. Select the menu item again to deactivate this feature.
4. The windows minimize to the top of the operating system Task Bar.
Frontline NFC Hardware & Software User Manual 15
Chapter 3 Configuration Settings
In this section the Frontline software is used to configure an analyzer for capturing data .
3.1 NFC Configuration
3.1.1 NFC Hardware Settings
Use the Hardware Settings dialog to select which Frontline NFC you wish to configure. If only one Frontline NFC is
connected, it is automatically selected.
Figure 3.1 - NFC Hardware Settings Dialog
Hardware Settings Dialog
Connecting and using the Frontline NFCAnalyzer
1. Connect the Frontline NFC to an available USB port.
2. Start the analyzer software.
3. Select Hardware Settings from Options menu on the Control window.
4. Choose the Frontline device to use from the drop-down list. The drop-down list shows the serial numbers
of the Frontline devices. If you have only one Frontline device connected to your PC, it is selected
automatically.
5. Select OK to save the settings, Cancel to close the dialog without saving the settings, or Help to access
the Frontline help file.
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3.1.2 NFC I/O Settings - Datasource
The I/O Settings is used to configure the data capture settings of the ComProbe NFC analyzer. To access the I/O
Settings dialog, go to Options menu I/O Settings on the Control window.
Figure 3.2 - I/O Settings Dialog
3.1.2.1 Filter Settings
This setting allows adjustment of the frequency range used by the ComProbe when capturing NFC signals. The
available options are:
l Automatic
l 110 KHz to 570 KHz
l 200 KHz to 900 KHz
l 210 KHz to 1400 KHz
l 450 KHz to 1500 KHz
l 100 KHz to 1500 KHz
The default value for this setting is Automatic which automatically adjusts the filter settings according to the
protocols selected for capture. In most cases, this value provides the best performance. Selecting a specific
frequency range may improve capture performance when attempting to capture a specific protocol in difficult
situations. The following guidelines apply when adjusting the filter settings:
l For systems such as NFC-F which use a 212 kHz subcarrier, 110 kHz to 570 kHz may be used.
l For systems such as NFC-A and NFC-B which use an 848 kHz subcarrier, 450 kHz to 1500 kHz may be used.
Other filter values may be tried to improve performance.
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3.1.2.2 Hardware Trigger
This setting enables or disables the use of the ComProbe NFC’s hardware trigger input. The following values for
this setting are:
l Not Used
l Rising Edge
l Falling Edge
When enabled, ComProbe NFC will not begin capturing until the selected event occurs on the hardware trigger
input. A timestamp value of 0 corresponds to the triggering event. By default, the hardware trigger input is not
used and capture is started immediately upon clicking the Start Capture icon.
3.1.2.3 Start Triggers
The available options in the drop-down list are:
l Start Capture Immediately
l Start Capture at Rising Edge
l Start Capture at Falling Edge
The default option is to Start Capture Immediately.
3.1.2.4 Protocols Enabled
The ComProbe NFC can capture data from the following protocols:
l NFC-A
l NFC-B
l NFC-F
To enable or disable a particular protocol, check or uncheck its associated checkbox. By default, ComProbe NFC
captures all protocols.
3.1.2.5 Automatic Gain Control
Automatic Gain Control allows ComProbe NFC to reduce its capture sensitivity if the signal it’s receiving is too
strong. It is enabled by checking the Enable Automatic Gain Control check box. By default, Automatic Gain
Control is enabled.
3.1.2.5.1 Automatic Gain Control Time
When Automatic Gain Control is enabled, this option determines when Automatic Gain Control is applied. By
default, Automatic Gain Control is active only at the start of a message and, once the gain has been adjusted,
Automatic Gain Control is disabled until a new message is received. If the Continuous option is selected,
Automatic Gain Control is active during reception of the entire message.
3.1.2.5.2 Automatic Gain Control Level
When Automatic Gain Control is enabled, this setting determines how strong the signal must be before automatic
gain adjustment is applied. By default, gain reduction is not enabled until the received signal is more than five (5)
times an internal reference value. If the 3 Times (3x) option is selected, gain reduction is applied when the
received signal is three (3) times the internal reference value.
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3.1.2.5.3 Automatic Gain Control Reduction
When Automatic Gain Control is enabled, this setting controls the amount by which the gain is reduced when the
received signal exceeds the Automatic Gain Control Level. The available values for this setting are:
l 0 dB
l 5 dB
l 10 dB
l 15 dB
The default option is 15 dB.
3.1.2.6 Type 1 Tag Platform
When reading a Type 1 tag, the reading device inserts a delay between each byte sent to the tag. This delay time
varies from reader to reader. Enabling the frame aggregation option causes these bytes to be collected into a
single frame as long as they are separated by less than the maximum allowed delay time. If frame aggregation is
enabled and the reader’s frames continue to appear as a series of single-byte frames, the maximum delay time
should be increased until the bytes begin to appear together in a single frame.
3.1.2.7 Mifare Classic
When Mifare Classic support is enabled, the software will attempt to recognize and decrypt the contents of Mifare
Classic tags. Only Mifare Classic tags that use the well-known encryption key published by NXP Semiconductor are
currently supported.
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Chapter 4 Capturing and Analyzing Data
The following sections describe the various ComProbe software functions that capture and display data packets.
4.1 Capture Data
4.1.1 Capturing Data to Disk - General Procedure
Note: Capture is not available in Viewer mode.
1.
Click the Start Capture button to begin capturing to a file. This icon is located on the Control ,
Event Display, and Frame Display windows.
2. Files are placed in My Capture Files by default and have a .cfa extension. Choose Directories from the
Options menu on the Control window to change the default file location.
Note: For the Dashboard, when you capture to series of files, the window displays the
data from the beginning of the first capture, even when a new file in the series is
created. This is because the Dashboard is a "Session Monitor", which means that
even if you capture to a series of files, the data from the first file is always displayed.
The display does not refresh when a new capture file in a series is created.
3. Watch the status bar on the Control window to monitor how full the file is. When the file is full, it begins
to wrap, which means the oldest data will be overwritten by new data.
4.
Click the Stop Capture icon to temporarily stop data capture. Click the Start Capture icon again to
resume capture. Stopping capture means no data will be added to the capture file until capture is
resumed, but the previously captured data remains in the file.
5.
To clear captured data, click the Clear icon .
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l If you select Clear after selecting Stop Capture, a dialog appears asking whether you want to save
the data.
o
You can click Save File and enter a file name when prompted .
o
If you choose Do Not Save, all data will be cleared.
o
If you choose Cancel, the dialog closes with no changes.
l If you select the Clear icon while a capture is occurring:
o
The capture stops.
o
A dialog appears asking if you want to save the capture
o
You can select Yes and save the capture or select No and close the dialog. In either case, the
existing capture file is cleared and a new capture file is started.
o
If you choose Cancel, the dialog closes with no changes.
To see how to capture to a single file, choose System Settings from the Options menu on the Control window.
When live capture stops, no new packets are sniffed but there can still be packets that were previously sniffed but
not yet read by the ComProbe analyzer. This happens when packets are being sniffed faster than the ComProbe
analyzer can process them. These packets are stored either on the ComProbe hardware itself or in a file on the
PC. If there are remaining packets to be processed when live capture stops the Transferring Packets dialog
below is displayed showing the packets yet to be read by the ComProbe analyzer. The dialog shows the name of
each ComProbe hardware device, its process id in square brackets, and the number of packets remaining. These
stored packets are read until they’re exhausted or the user clicks the Discard button on the dialog.
Unlike 802.11, Bluetooth packets never come in faster than the datasource can process them. However, Bluetooth
packets must still be stored so that they can be read in chronological order with the 802.11 packets.
Figure 4.1 - Packet Transfer Dialog
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4.1.2 Extended Inquiry Response
Extended Inquiry Response (EIR) is a tab that appears automatically on the Frame Display window when
you capture data.
Figure 4.2 - Frame Display Extended Inquire Response
EIR displays extensive information about the Bluetooth® devices that are discovered as data is being captured. EIR
provides more information during the inquiry procedure to allow better filtering of devices before connection;
and sniff subrating, which reduces the power consumption in low-power mode.Before the EIR tab was created,
this type of information was not available until a connection was made to a device. Therefore, EIR can be used to
determine whether a connection can/should be made to a device prior to making the connection.
Note: If a Bluetooth device does not support Extended Inquiry Response, the tab displays
Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) data, which is less extensive than EIR data.
4.2 Protocol Stacks
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4.2.1 Protocol Stack Wizard
The Protocol Stack wizard is where you define the
protocol stack you want the analyzer to use when
decoding frames.
To start the wizard:
1. Choose Protocol Stack from the Options
menu on the Control window or click the
Protocol Stack icon on the Frame
Display.
2. Select a protocol stack from the list, and click
Finish.
Most stacks are pre-defined here. If you have special
requirements and need to set up a custom stack, see
Creating and Removing a Custom Stack on page 24.
1. If you select a custom stack (i.e. one that was defined by a user and not included with the analyzer), the
Remove Selected Item From List button becomes active.
2. Click the Remove Selected Item From Listbutton to remove the stack from the list. You cannot
remove stacks provided with the analyzer. If you remove a custom stack, you need to define it again in
order to get it back.
If you are changing the protocol stack for a capture file, you may need to reframe. See Reframing on page 25 for
more information.
You cannot select a stack or change an existing one for a capture file loaded into the Capture File Viewer (the
Capture File Viewer is used only for viewing capture files and cannot capture data). Protocol Stack changes can
only be made from a live session.
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4.2.2 Creating and Removing a Custom Stack
To create a custom stack:
1. Choose Protocol Stack from the
Options menu on the Control
window or click the Protocol Stack
icon on the Frame Display
toolbar.
2. Select Build Your Own from the list
and click Next.
3. The system displays an information
screen that may help you decide if you
need to define your own custom stack.
Defining a custom stack means that the
analyzer uses the stack for every
frame. Frames that do not conform to
the stack are decoded incorrectly.
Click Next to continue.
Select Protocols
1. Select a protocol from the list on the
left.
2. Click the right arrow button to move it
to the Protocol Decode Stack box
on the right, or double-click the
protocol to move it to the right.
3. To remove a protocol from the stack,
double-click it or select it and click the
left arrow button.
4. If you need to change the order of the
protocols in the stack, select the
protocol you want to move, and click
on the Move Up and Move Down buttons until the protocol is in the correct position.
5. The lowest layer protocol is at the top of the list, with higher layer protocols listed underneath.
Auto-traversal (Have the analyzer Determine Higher Layers)
If you need to define just a few layers of the protocol stack, and the remaining layers can be determined based on
the lower layers:
1. Click the All additional stack layers can be determined automatically button.
2. If your protocol stack is complete and there are no additional layers, click the There are no additional
stack layers button.
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3. If you select this option, the analyzer uses the stack you defined for every frame. Frames that do use this
stack are decoded incorrectly.
Save the Stack
1. Click the Add To Predefined List button.
2. Give the stack a name, and click Add.
In the future, the stack appears in the Protocol Stack List on the first screen of the Protocol Stack wizard.
Remove a Stack
1. Select it in the first screen and click Remove Selected Item From List.
2. If you remove the stack, you must to recreate it if you need to use it again.
Note: If you do not save your custom stack, it does appear in the predefined list, but applies to
the frames in the current session. However, it is discarded at the end of the session.
4.2.3 Reframing
If you need to change the protocol stack used to interpret a capture file and the framing is different in the new
stack, you need to reframe in order for the protocol decode to be correct. You can also use Reframe to frame
unframed data. The original capture file is not altered during this process.
Note: You cannot reframe from the Capture File Viewer .
To reframe your data, load your capture file, select a protocol stack, and then select Reframe from the File
menu on the Control window. Reframe is only available if the frame recognizer used to capture the data is
different from the current frame recognizer.
In addition to choosing to Reframe, you can also be prompted to Reframe by the Protocol Stack Wizard.
1. Load your capture file by choosing Open from the File menu on the Control window, and select the file
to load.
2. Select the protocol stack by choosing Protocol Stack from the Options menu on the Control window,
select the desired stack and click Finish.
3. If you selected a protocol stack that includes a frame recognizer different from the one used to capture
your data, the Protocol Stack Wizard asks you if you want to reframe your data. Choose Yes.
4. The analyzer adds frame markers to your data, puts the framed data into a new file, and opens the new
file. The original capture file is not altered.
See Unframing on page 25for instructions on removing framing from data.
4.2.4 Unframing
This function removes start-of-frame and end-of-frame markers from your data. The original capture file is not
altered during this process. You cannot unframe from the Capture File Viewer (accessed by selecting Capture File
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Viewer or Load Capture File to start the software and used only for viewing capture files).
To manually unframe your data:
1. Select Unframe from the File menu on the Control window. Unframe is only available if a protocol
stack was used to capture the data and there is currently no protocol stack selected.
In addition to choosing to Unframe, you can also be prompted to Unframe by the Protocol Stack Wizard.
1. Load your capture file by choosing Open from the File menu on the Control window.
2. Select the file to load.
3. Choose Protocol Stack from the Options menu on the Control window
4. Select None from the list
5. Click Finish. The Protocol Stack Wizard asks you if you want to unframe your data and put it into a new
file.
6. Choose Yes.
The system removes the frame markers from your data, puts the unframed data into a new file, and opens the
new file. The original capture file is not altered.
See Reframing on page 25 for instructions on framing unframed data.
4.2.5 How the Analyzer Auto-traverses the Protocol Stack
In the course of doing service discovery, devices ask for and receive a Protocol Descriptor List defining which
protocol stacks the device supports. It also includes information on which PSM to use in L2CAP, or the channel
number for RFCOMM, or the port number for TCP or UDP. The description below talks about how the analyzer
auto-traverses from L2CAP using a dynamically assigned PSM, but the principle is the same for RFCOMM channel
numbers and TCP/UDP port numbers.
The analyzer looks for SDP Service Attribute Responses or Service Search Attribute Responses carrying protocol
descriptor lists. If the analyzer sees L2CAP listed with a PSM, it stores the PSM and the UUID for the next protocol
in the list.
After the SDP session is over, the analyzer looks at the PSM in the L2CAP Connect frames that follow. If the PSM
matches one the analyzer has stored, the analyzer stores the source channel ID and destination channel ID, and
associates those channel IDs with the PSM and UUID for the next protocol. Thereafter, when the analyzer sees
L2CAP frames using those channel IDs, it can look them up in its table and know what the next protocol is.
In order for the analyzer to be able to auto-traverse using a dynamically assigned PSM, it has to have seen the SDP
session giving the Protocol Descriptor Lists, and the subsequent L2CAP connection using the PSM and identifying
the source and channel IDs. If the analyzer misses any of this process, it is not able to auto-traverse. It stops
decoding at the L2CAP layer.
For L2CAP frames carrying a known PSM (0x0001 for SDP, for example, or 0x0003 for RFCOMM), the analyzer
looks for Connect frames and stores the PSM along with the associated source and destination channel IDs. In this
case the analyzer does not need to see the SDP process, but does need to see the L2CAP connection process,
giving the source and destination channel IDs.
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4.2.6 Providing Context For Decoding When Frame Information Is Missing
There may be times when you need to provide information to the analyzer because the context for decoding a
frame is missing. For example, if the analyzer captured a response frame, but did not capture the command frame
indicating the command.
The analyzer provides a way for you to supply the context for any frame, provided the decoder supports it. (The
decoder writer has to include support for this feature in the decoder, so not all decoders support it. Note that not
all decoders require this feature.)
If the decoder supports user-provided context, three items are active on the Options menu of the Control
window and the Frame Display window. These items are Set Initial Decoder Parameters, Automatically
Request Missing Decoding Information, and Set Subsequent Decoder Parameters. (These items are
not present if no decoder is loaded that supports this feature.)
Set Initial Decoder Parameters is used to provide required information to decoders that is not context
dependent but instead tends to be system options for the protocol.
Choose Set Initial Decoder Parameters in order to provide initial context to the analyzer for a decoder. A
dialog appears that shows the data for which you can provide information.
If you need to change this information for a particular frame :
1. Right-click on the frame in the Frame Display window
2. Choose Provide <context name>.
Alternatively, you can choose Set Subsequent Decoder Parameter from the Options menu.
3. This option brings up a dialog showing all the places where context data was overridden.
4. If you know that information is missing, you can't provide it, and you don't want to see dialogs asking for it,
un-check Automatically Request Missing Decoding Information.
5. When unchecked, the analyzer doesn't bother you with dialogs asking for frame information that you don't
have. In this situation, the analyzer decodes each frame until it cannot go further and then simply stop
decoding.
4.3 Analyzing Protocol Decodes
4.3.1 The Frame Display
To open this window
Click the Frame Display icon on the Control window toolbar, or select Frame Display from the View
menu.
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Figure 4.3 - Frame Display with all panes active
Frame Display Panes
The Frame Display window is used to view all frame related information. It is composed of a number of
different sections or "panes", where each pane shows a different type of information about a frame.
l Summary Pane - The Summary Pane displays a one line summary of each frame for every protocol found in
the data, and can be sorted by field for every protocol. Click here for an explanation of the symbols next to the
frame numbers.
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l Decode Pane - The Decode Pane displays a detailed decode of the highlighted frame. Fields selected in the
Decode Pane have the appropriate bit(s) or byte(s) selected in the Radix, Binary, Character , and Event
panes
l Radix Pane - The Radix Pane displays the logical data bytes in the selected frame in either hexadecimal,
decimal or octal.
l Binary Pane - The Binary Pane displays a binary representation of the logical data bytes.
l Character Pane - The Character Pane displays the character representation of the logical data bytes in either
ASCII, EBCDIC or Baudot.
l Event Pane - The Event Pane displays the physical data bytes in the frame, as received on the network.
By default, all panes except the Event Pane are displayed when the Frame Display is first opened.
Protocol Tabs
Protocol filter tabs are displayed in the Frame Display above the Summary pane.
l These tabs are arranged in separate color-
coded groups. These groups and their
colors are General (white), Classic Bluetooth
(blue), Bluetooth low energy (green),
802.11 (orange), USB (purple), NFC (brown)
and SD (teal). The General group applies to
all technologies. The other groups are
technology-specific.
l Clicking on a protocol filter tab in the General group filters in all packets containing that protocol regardless of
each packet’s technology.
l Clicking on a protocol filter tab in a technology-specific group filters in all packets containing that protocol on
that technology.
l A protocol filter tab appears in the General group only if the protocol occurs in more than one of the
technology-specific tab groups. For example, if L2CAP occurs in both Classic Bluetooth and Bluetooth low
energy , there will be L2CAP tabs in the General group, the Classic Bluetooth group, and the Bluetooth low
energy group.
Select the Unfiltered tab to display all packets.
There are several special tabs that appear in the Summary Pane when certain conditions are met. These tabs
appear only in the General group and apply to all technologies. The tabs are:
l Bookmarks appear when a bookmark is first seen.
l Errors appear when an error is first seen. An error is a physical error in a data byte or an error in the
protocol decode.
l Info appears when a frame containing an Information field is first seen.
The tabs disappear when the capture buffer is cleared during live capture or when decoders are reloaded, even if
one of the tabs is currently selected. They subsequently reappear as the corresponding events are detected.
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Comparing Frames
If you need to compare frames, you can open additional Frame Display windows by clicking on the Duplicate
View icon . You can have as many Frame Display windows open at a time as you wish.
Frame Wrapping and Display
In order to assure that the data you are seeing in Frame Display are current, the following messages appear
describing the state of the data as it is being captured.
l All Frame Display panes except the Summary pane display "No frame selected" when the selected frame is
in the buffer (i.e. not wrapped out) but not accessible in the Summary pane. This can happen when a tab is
selected that doesn’t filter in the selected frame.
l When the selected frame wraps out (regardless of whether it was accessible in the Summary pane) all Frame
Display panes except the Summary pane display "Frame wrapped out of buffer".
l When the selected frame is still being captured, all Frame Display panes except the Summary pane display
"Frame incomplete".
4.3.1.1 Frame Display Toolbar
The buttons that appear in the Frame Display window vary according to the particular configuration of the
analyzer. For controls not available the icons will be grayed-out.
Table 4.1 - Frame Display Toolbar Icons
Icon Description
Control – Brings the Control window to
the front.
Open File - Opens a capture file.
I/O Settings - Opens the I/O Settings
dialog.
Start Capture - Begins data capture to a
user designated file.
Stop Capture - Closes a capture file and
stops data capture to disk.
Save - Save the currently selected bytes
or the entire buffer to file.
Clear- Discards the temporary file and
clears the display.
Event Display – Brings the Event Display
window to the front.
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Table 4.1 - Frame Display Toolbar Icons(continued)
Icon Description
Duplicate View - Creates a second Frame
Display window identical to the first.
Apply/Modify Display Filters - Opens the
Display Filter dialog.
Quick Protocol Filter - brings up a dialog
box where you can filter or hide one or
more protocol layers.
Protocol Stack - brings up the Protocol
Stack Wizard where you can change the
stack used to decode framed data
Reload Decoders - When Reload
Decoders is clicked, the plug-ins are
reset and received frames are redecoded. For example, If the first frame
occurs more than 10 minutes in the past,
the 10-minute utilization graph stays
blank until a frame from 10 minutes ago or
less is decoded.
Find - Search for errors, string patterns,
special events and more.
Display Capture Notes - Brings up the
Capture Notes window where you can
view or add notes to the capture file.
Add/Modify Bookmark - Add a new or
modify an existing bookmark.
Display All Bookmarks - Shows all
bookmarks and lets you move between
bookmarks.
Extract Data - Opens the Extract Data
dialog.
Reload Decoders - When Reload Decoders is clicked, the plug-ins are reset
and received frames are re-decoded. For example, If the first frame occurs
more than 10 minutes in the past, the 10-minute utilization graph stays blank
until a frame from 10 minutes ago or less is decoded.
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Table 4.1 - Frame Display Toolbar Icons(continued)
Icon Description
Filter: Text giving the filter currently in
use. If no filter is being used, the text
reads "All Frames" which means that
nothing is filtered out. To see the text of
the entire filter, place the cursor over the
text and a ToolTip pops up with the full
text of the filter.
The following icons all change how the panes are arranged on the Frame
Display. Additional layouts are listed in the View menu.
Show Default Panes - Returns the panes
to their default settings.
Show Only Summary Pane - Displays
only the Summary pane.
Shall All Panes Except Event Pane Makes the Decode pane taller and the
Summary pane narrower.
Toggle Display Lock - Prevents the
display from updating.
Go To Frame
First Frame - Moves to the first frame in
the buffer.
Previous Frame - Moves to the previous
frame in the buffer.
Next Frame - Moves to the next frame in
the buffer.
Last Frame - Moves to the last frame in
the buffer.
Find on Frame Display only searches the
Decode Pane for a value you enter in the
text box.
Find Previous Occurrence - Moves to the
previous occurrence of the value in the
Frame Display Find.
Find Next Occurrence - Moves to the next
occurrence of the value in the Frame
Display Find.
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Table 4.1 - Frame Display Toolbar Icons(continued)
Icon Description
Cancel Current Search - Stops the
current Frame Display Find.
Summary Drop Down Box: Lists all the
protocols found in the data in the file. This
box does not list all the protocol decoders
available to the analyzer, merely the
protocols found in the data. Selecting a
protocol from the list changes the
Summary pane to display summary
information for that protocol. When a low
energy predefined Named Filter (like
Nulls and Polls) is selected, the
Summary drop-down is disabled.
Text with Protocol Stack: To the right of the Summary Layer box is some text
giving the protocol stack currently in use.
Note: If the frames are sorted in other than ascending frame number order, the order of the
frames in the buffer is the sorted order. Therefore the last frame in the buffer may not have the
last frame number.
4.3.1.2 Frame Display Status Bar
The Frame Display Status bar appears at the bottom of the Frame Display. It contains the following
information:
l Frame #s Selected: Displays the frame number or numbers of selected (highlighted) frames, and the total
number of selected frames in parentheses
l Total Frames: The total number of frames in the capture buffer or capture file in real-time
l Frames Filtered In: The total number of frames displayed in the filtered results from user applied filters in
real-time
4.3.1.3 Hiding and Revealing Protocol Layers in the Frame Display
Hiding protocol layers refers to the ability to prevent a layer from being displayed on the Decode pane. Hidden
layers remain hidden for every frame where the layer is present, and can be revealed again at any time. You can
hide as many layers as you wish.
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Note: Hiding from the Frame Display affects only the data shown in the Frame Display and not any
information in any other window.
There are two ways to hide a layer.
1. Right-click on the layer in the Decode pane, and choose Hide [protocol name] Layer In All Frames.
2. Click the Set Protocol Filtering button on the Summary pane toolbar. In the Protocols to Hide box
on the right, check the protocol layer(s) you want hidden. Click OK when finished.
To reveal a hidden protocol layer:
1. Right-click anywhere in the Decode pane
2. Choose Show [protocol name] Layer from the right-click menu, or click the Set Protocol Filtering
button and un-check the layer or layers you want revealed.
4.3.1.4 Physical vs. Logical Byte Display
The Event Display window and Event Pane in the Frame Display window show the physical bytes. In other
words, they show the actual data as it appeared on the circuit. The Radix, Binary and Character panes in the Frame
Display window show the logical data, or the resulting byte values after escape codes or other character altering
codes have been applied (a process called transformation).
As an example, bytes with a value of less than 0x20 (the 0x indicates a hexadecimal value) cannot be transmitted
in Async PPP. To get around this, a 0x7d is transmitted before the byte. The 0x7d says to take the next byte and
subtract 0x20 to obtain the true value. In this situation, the Event pane displays 0x7d 0x23, while the Radix pane
displays 0x03.
4.3.1.5 Sorting Frames
By default, frames are sorted in ascending numerical sequence by frame number. Click on a column header in the
Summary pane to sort the frames by that column. For example, to sort the frames by size, click on the Frame
Size column header.
An embossed triangle next to the header name indicates which column the frames are sorted by. The direction of
the triangle indicates whether the frames are in ascending or descending order, with up being ascending.
Note that it may take some time to sort large numbers of frames.
4.3.1.6 Frame Display - Find
Frame Display has a simple Find function that you can use to search the Decode Pane for any alpha numeric
value. This functionality is in addition to the more robust Search/Find dialog.
Frame Display Find is located below the toolbar on the Frame Display dialog.
Figure 4.4 - Frame Display Find text entry field
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Where the more powerful Search/Find functionality searches the Decode, Binary, Radix, and Character panes
on Frame Display using TImestamps, Special Events, Bookmarks, Patterns, etc.,
Figure 4.5 - Search/Find Dialog
Find on Frame Display only searches the Decode Pane for a value you enter in the text box.
To use Find:
1. Select the frame where you want to begin the search.
2. Enter a value in the Find text box.
Note: The text box is disabled during a live capture.
Select Find Previous Occurrence to begin the search on frames prior to the frame you selected,
or Find Next Occurrence to begin the search on frames following the frame you selected.
4. Select Find Previous Occurrence or Find Next Occurrence to
continue the search.
3.
The next occurrence of the value (if it is found) will be highlighted in
the Decode Pane.
There are several important concepts to remember with Find.
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l When you enter a search string and select Enter, the search moves forward.
l If you select Find Previous Occurrence, when the search reaches the first frame it will then cycle to the
last frame and continue until it reaches the frame where the search began.
l Shift + F3 is a shortcut for Find Previous Occurrence.
l If you select Find Next Occurrence, when the search reaches the last frame it will then cycle to the first
frame and continue until it reaches the frame where the search began.
l F3 is a shortcut for Find Next Occurrence.
l You cannot search while data is being captured.
l After a capture is completed, you cannot search until Frame Display has finished decoding the frames.
l Find is not case sensitive.
l The status of the search is displayed at
the bottom of the dialog.
l The search occurs only on the
protocol layer selected.
l To search across all the protocols on
the Frame Display, select the
Unfiltered tab.
l A drop-down list displays the search values entered during the current
session of Frame Display.
l The search is cancelled when you select a different protocol tab during a
search.
l You can cancel the search at any time by selecting the Cancel Current
Search button.
4.3.1.7 Synchronizing the Event and Frame Displays
The Frame Display is synchronized with the Event Display. Click on a frame in the Frame Display and the
corresponding bytes is highlighted in the Event Display. Each Frame Display has its own Event Display.
As an example, here's what happens if the following sequence of events occurs.
1.
Click on the Frame Display icon in Control window toolbar to open the Frame Display.
2.
Click on the Duplicate View icon to create Frame Display #2.
3.
Click on Event Display icon in Frame Display #2. Event Display #2 opens. This Event
Display is labeled #2, even though there is no original Event Display, to indicate that it is synchronized
with Frame Display #2.
4. Click on a frame in Frame Display #2. The corresponding bytes are highlighted in Event Display #2.
5. Click on a frame in the original Frame Display. Event Display #2 does not change.
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4.3.1.8 Working with Multiple Frame Displays
Multiple Frame Displays are useful for comparing two frames side by side. They are also useful for comparing all
frames against a filtered subset or two filtered subsets against each other.
l
To create a second Frame Display, click the Duplicate View icon on the Frame Display toolbar.
This creates another Frame Display window. You can have as many Frame Displays open as you wish.
Each Frame Display is given a number in the title bar to distinguish it from the others.
l
To navigate between multiple Frame Displays, click on the Frame Display icon in the Control window
toolbar.
A drop-down list appears, listing all the currently open Frame Displays.
l Select the one you want from the list and it comes to the front.
Note: When you create a filter in one Frame Display, that filter does not automatically
appear in the other Frame Display. You must use the Hide/Reveal feature to display a
filter created in one Frame Display in another.
Note: When you have multiple Frame Display windows open and you are capturing data, you
may receive an error message declaring that "Filtering cannot be done while receiving data
this fast." If this occurs, you may have to stop filtering until the data is captured.
4.3.1.9 Working with Panes on Frame Display
When the Frame Display first opens, all panes are displayed except the Event pane (To view all the panes,
select Show All Panes from the View menu).
l
The Toggle Expand Decode Pane icon makes the decode pane longer to view lengthy decodes
better.
l
The Show Default Panes icon returns the Frame Display to its default settings.
l
The Show only Summary Pane icon displays on the Summary Pane.
To close a pane, right-click on the pane and select Hide This Pane from the pop-up menu, or de-select Show
[Pane Name] from the View menu.
To open a pane, right-click on the any pane and select Show Hidden Panes from the pop-up menu and select
the pane from the fly-out menu, or select Show [Pane Name] from the View menu.
To re-size a pane, place the cursor over the pane border until a double-arrow cursor appears. Click and drag on
the pane border to re-size the pane.
4.3.1.10 Frame Display - Byte Export
The captured frames can be exported as raw bytes to a text file.
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1. From the Frame Display File menu select Byte Export....
Figure 4.6 - Frame Display File menu, Byte Export
2. From the Byte Export window specify the frames to export.
l All Frames exports all filtered-in frames including those scrolled off the Summary pane. Filtered-in
frames are dependent on the selected Filter tab above the Summary pane. Filtered-out frames are
not exported.
l Selected Frames export is the same as All Frames export except that only frames selected in the
Summary pane will be exported.
Figure 4.7 - Byte Export dialog
Click the OK button to save the export. Clicking the Cancel button will exit Byte Export.
3. The Save As dialog will open. Select a directory location and enter a file name for the exported frames
file.
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Figure 4.8 - Save As dialog
Click on the Save button.
The exported frames are in a text file that can be opened in any standard text editing application. The header
shows the export type, the capture file name, the selected filter tab, and the number of frames. The body shows
the frame number, the timestamp in the same format shown in the Frame Display Summary pane, and the
frame contents as raw bytes.
Figure 4.9 - Sample Exported Frames Text File
4.3.1.11 Panes in the Frame Display
4.3.1.11.1 Summary Pane
The Summary pane displays a one-line summary of every frame in a capture buffer or file, including frame
number, timestamp, length and basic protocol information. The protocol information included for each frame
depends on the protocol selected in the summary layer box (located directly below the main toolbar).
On a two-channel circuit, the background color of the one-line summary indicates whether the frame came from
the DTE or the DCE device. Frames with a white background come from the DTE device, frames with a gray
background come from the DCE device.
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Frame numbers in red indicate errors, either physical (byte-level) or frame errors. If the error is a frame error in
the displayed protocol layer, the bytes where the error occurred is displayed in red. The Decode Pane gives
precise information as to the type of error and where it occurred.
The Summary pane is synchronized with the other panes in this window. Click on a frame in the Summary
pane, and the bytes for that frame is highlighted in the Event pane while the Decode pane displays the full
decode for that frame. Any other panes which are being viewed are updated accordingly. If you use one pane to
select a subset of the frame, then only that subset of the frame is highlighted in the other panes.
Protocol Tabs
Protocol filter tabs are displayed in the Frame Display above the Summary pane.
l These tabs are arranged in separate color-coded groups. These groups and their colors are General (white),
Classic Bluetooth (blue), Bluetooth low energy (green), 802.11 (orange), USB (purple), and SD (brown). The
General group applies to all technologies. The other groups are technology-specific.
Figure 4.10 - Example Protocol Tags
l Clicking on a protocol filter tab in the General group filters in all packets containing that protocol regardless of
each packet’s technology.
l Clicking on a protocol filter tab in a technology-specific group filters in all packets containing that protocol on
that technology.
l A protocol filter tab appears in the General group only if the protocol occurs in more than one of the
technology-specific tab groups. For example, if L2CAP occurs in both Classic Bluetooth and Bluetooth low
energy , there will be L2CAP tabs in the General group, the Classic Bluetooth group, and the Bluetooth low
energy group.
Select the Unfiltered tab to display all packets.
There are several special tabs that appear in the Summary pane when certain conditions are met. These tabs
appear only in the General group and apply to all technologies. The tabs are:
l Bookmarks appear when a bookmark is first seen.
l Errors appear when an error is first seen. An error is a physical error in a data byte or an error in the
protocol decode.
l Info appears when a frame containing an Information field is first seen.
The tabs disappear when the capture buffer is cleared during live capture or when decoders are reloaded, even if
one of the tabs is currently selected. They subsequently reappear as the corresponding events are detected.
The tabs disappear when the capture buffer is cleared during live capture or when decoders are reloaded, even if
one of the tabs is currently selected. They subsequently reappear as the corresponding events are detected.
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Use the navigation icons, keyboard or mouse to move through the frames. The icons and move you to
the first and last frames in the buffer, respectively. Use the Go To icon to move to a specific frame number.
Placing the mouse pointer on a summary pane header with truncated text displays a tooltip showing the full
header text.
Figure 4.11 - Summary pane (right) with Tooltip on Column 5 (Tran ID)
4.3.1.11.2 Customizing Fields in the Summary Pane
You can modify the Summary Pane in Frame Display.
Summary pane columns can be reordered by dragging any column to a different position.
Fields from the Decode pane can be added to the summary pane by dragging any Decodepane field to the
desired location in the summary pane header. If the new field is from a different layer than the summary pane a
plus sign (+) is prepended to the field name and the layer name is added in parentheses. The same field can be
added more than once if desired, thus making it possible to put the same field at the front and back (for example)
of a long header line so that the field is visible regardless of where the header is scrolled to.
An added field can be removed from the Summary pane by selecting Remove New Column from the rightclick menu.
The default column layout (both membership and order) can be restored by selecting Restore Default
Columns from the Format or right-click menus.
Changing Column Widths
To change the width of a column:
1. Place the cursor over the right column divider until the cursor changes to a solid double arrow.
2. Click and drag the divider to the desired width.
3. To auto-size the columns, double-click on the column dividers.
Hiding Columns
To hide a column:
1. Drag the right divider of the column all the way to the left.
2. The cursor changes to a split double arrow when a hidden column is present.
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3. To show the hidden column, place the cursor over the divider until it changes to a split double arrow, then
click and drag the cursor to the right.
4. The Frame Size, Timestamp, and Delta columns can be hidden by right-clicking on the header and
selecting Show Frame Size Column, Show Timestamp Column, or Show Delta Column. Follow
the same procedure to display the columns again.
Moving Columns - Changing Column Order
To move a column :
1. Click and hold on the column header
2. Drag the mouse over the header row.
3. A small white triangle indicates where the column is moved to.
4. When the triangle is in the desired location, release the mouse.
Restoring Default Column Settings
To restore columns to their default locations, their default widths, and show any hidden columns
1. Right-click on any column header and choose Restore Default Column Widths, or select Restore
Default Column Widths from the Format menu.
4.3.1.11.3 Frame Symbols in the Summary Pane
Table 4.2 - Frame Symbols
Symbol Description
A green dot means the frame was decoded successfully, and the protocol listed in the Summary
Layer drop-down box exists in the frame. No dot means the frame was decoded successfully, but the
protocol listed in the Summary Layer drop-down box does not exist in the frame.
A green circle means the frame was not fully decoded. There are several reasons why this might
happen.
l One reason is that the frame compiler hasn't caught up to that frame yet. It takes some time for
the analyzer to compile and decode frames. Frame compilation also has a lower priority than other
tasks, such as capturing data. If the analyzer is busy capturing data, frame compilation may fall
behind. When the analyzer catches up, the green circle changes to either a green dot or no dot.
l Another reason is if some data in the frame is context dependent and we don't have the context.
An example is a compressed header where the first frame gives the complete header, and
subsequent frames just give information on what has changed. If the analyzer does not capture the
first frame with the complete header, it cannot decode subsequent frames with partial header
information.
A magenta triangle indicates that a bookmark is associated with this frame. Any comments associated
with the bookmark appear in the column next to the bookmark symbol.
4.3.1.11.4 Decode Pane
The Decode pane (aka detail pane) is a post-process display that provides a detailed decode of each frame
transaction (sometimes referred to as a frame). The decode is presented in a layered format that can be
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expanded and collapsed depending on which layer or layers you are most interested in. Click on the plus sign to
expand a layer. The plus sign changes to a minus sign. Click on the minus sign to collapse a layer. Select Show All
or Show Layers from the Format menu to expand or collapse all the layers. Layers retain their expanded or
collapsed state between frames.
Protocol layers can be hidden, preventing them from being
displayed on the Decode pane. Right-click on any protocol layer
and choose Hide [protocol name] from the right-click menu.
Each protocol layer is represented by a color, which is used to
highlight the bytes that belong to that protocol layer in the
Event, Radix, Binary and Character panes. The colors are not
assigned to a protocol, but are assigned to the layer.
The Event, Radix, Binary, Character and Decode panes are all synchronized with one another. Clicking on an
element in any one of the panes highlights the corresponding element in all the other panes.
Click the Toggle Expand Decode Pane icon to make the Decode pane taller. This allows for more of a
lengthy decode to be viewed without needing to scroll.
4.3.1.11.5 Radix or Hexadecimal Pane
The Radix pane displays the logical bytes in the frame in either
hexadecimal, decimal or octal. The radix can be changed from
the Format menu, or by right-clicking on the pane and
choosing Hexadecimal, Decimal or Octal.
Because the Radix pane displays the logical bytes rather than
the physical bytes, the data in the Radix pane may be different
from that in the Event pane. See Physical vs. Logical Byte Display
for more information.
Colors are used to show which protocol layer each byte belongs
to. The colors correspond to the layers listed in the Decode
pane.
The Event, Radix, Binary, Character and Decode panes are all synchronized with one another. Clicking on an
element in any one of the panes highlights the corresponding element in all the other panes.
4.3.1.11.6 Character Pane
The Character pane represents the logical bytes in the frame
in ASCII, EBCDIC or Baudot. The character set can be
changed from the Format menu, or by right-clicking on the
pane and choosing the appropriate character set.
Because the Character pane displays the logical bytes rather
than the physical bytes, the data in the Character pane may
be different from that in the Event pane. See Physical vs.
Logical Byte Display for more information.
Colors are used to show which protocol layer each byte
belongs to. The colors correspond to the layers listed in the
Decode pane.
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The Event, Radix, Binary, Character and Decode panes are all synchronized with one another. Clicking on an
element in any one of the panes highlights the corresponding element in all the other panes.
4.3.1.11.7 Binary Pane
The Binary pane displays the logical bytes in the frame in binary.
Because the Binary pane displays the logical bytes rather than the physical bytes, the data in the Binary pane may
be different from that in the Event pane. See Physical vs. Logical Byte Display for more information.
Colors are used to show which protocol layer each byte belongs to. The colors correspond to the layers listed in
the Decode pane.
The Event, Radix, Binary, Character and Decode panes are all synchronized with one another. Clicking on an
element in any one of the panes highlights the corresponding element in all the other panes.
4.3.1.11.8 Event Pane
The Event pane shows the physical bytes
in the frame. You can choose between
displaying only the data events or
displaying all events by clicking the All
Events icon .
Displaying all events means that special
events, such as Start of Frame, End of
Frame and any signal change events, are
displayed as special symbols within the
data.
The status lines at the bottom of the pane give the same information as the status lines in the Event Display
window. This includes physical data errors, control signal changes (if appropriate), and timestamps.
Because the Event pane displays the physical bytes rather than the logical bytes, the data in the Event pane may
be different from that in the Radix, Binary and Character panes. See Physical vs. Logical Byte Display for more
information.
Colors are used to show which protocol layer each byte belongs to. The colors correspond to the layers listed in
the Decode pane.
The Event, Radix, Binary, Character and Decode panes are all synchronized with one another. Clicking on an
element in any one of the panes highlights the corresponding element in all the other panes.
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4.3.1.11.9 Change Text Highlight Color
Whenever you select text in the Binary, Radix, or
Character panes in Frame Display, the text is displayed
with a highlight color. You can change the color of the
highlight.
1. Select Change Text Highlight Color from the
Options menu. You can also access the option by
right clicking in any of the panes.
2. Select a color from the drop-down menu.
3. Click OK.
The highlight color for the text is changed.
Select Cancel to discard any selection. Select Defaults to return the highlight color to blue.
4.3.1.12 Protocol Layer Colors
4.3.1.12.1 Data Byte Color Notation
The color of the data in the panes specifies which layer of the protocol stack the data is from. All data from the
first layer is bright blue, the data from the second layer is green, the third layer is pink, etc. The protocol name for
each layer in the Decode pane is in the same color. Note that the colors refer to the layer, not to a specific
protocol. In some situations, a protocol may be in two different colors in two different frames, depending on
where it is in the stack. You can change the default colors for each layer.
Red is reserved for bytes or frames with errors. In the Summary pane, frame numbers in red mean there is an
error in the frame. Also, the Errors tab is displayed in red. This could be a physical error in a data byte or an error
in the protocol decode. Bytes in red in the Radix, Character, Binary and Event panes mean there is a physical
error associated with the byte.
4.3.1.12.2 Red Frame Numbers and Bytes
Red is reserved for bytes or frames with errors. In the Summary pane, frame numbers in red mean there is an
error in the frame. This could be a physical error in a data byte or an error in the protocol decode.
4.3.1.12.3 Changing Protocol Layer Colors
You can differentiate different protocol layers in the Decode, Event, Radix, Binary and Character panes.
1. Choose Select Protocol Layer Colors from the Options menu to change the colors used.
The colors for the different layers is displayed.
2. To change a color, click on the arrow next to each layer and select a new color.
3. Select OK to accept the color change and return to Frame Display.
Select Cancel to discard any selection. Select Defaults to return the highlight colors to the default settings.
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Figure 4.12 - Frame Display Protocol Layer Color Selector
4.3.1.13 Filtering
Filtering allows the user to control the display which capture frames are displayed. Filters fall into two general
categories:
1. Display filters allow a user to look at a subset of captured data without affecting the capture content.
Frames matching the filter criteria appear in the Frame Display; frames not matching the criteria will not
appear.
2. Connection filters Two options are available.
a. A Bluetooth connection: Displays only the frames associated with a Classic Bluetooth link or a
Bluetooth low energy access address. A new Frame Display will open showing only the protocol
tabs, frames, summary, and events associated with that particular Bluetooth connection.
b. A specific wireless or wired technology. Displays all of the frames associated with:
l Classic Bluetooth
l Bluetooth low energy
l 802.11
l HCI
A new Frame Display will open showing only the protocol tabs, frames, summary and events
associated with the selected technology.
4.3.1.13.1 Display Filters
A display filter looks at frames that have already been captured. It looks at every frame in the capture buffer and
displays those that match the filter criteria. Frames that do not match the filter criteria are not displayed. Display
filters allow a user to look at a subset of captured data without affecting the capture content. There are three
general classes of display filters:
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l Protocol Filters
l Named Filters
l Quick Filter
Protocol Filters
Protocol filters test for the existence of a specific single layer. The system creates a protocol filter for each
decoder that is loaded if that layer is encountered in a capture session.
There are also three special purpose filters that are treated as protocol filters:
l All Frames with Errors
l All Frames with Bookmarks
l All Special Information Nodes
Named Filters
l Named filters test for anything other than simple single layer existence. Named filters can be constructed that
test for the existence of multiple layers, field values in layers, frame sizes, etc., as well as combinations of
those things. Named filters are persistent across sessions.
l Named filters are user-defined. User-defined filters persist in a template file. User defined filters can be
deleted.
Quick Filters
l Quick Filters are combinations of Protocol Filters and/or Named Filters that are displayed on the Quick Filter
tab.
l Quick Filters cannot be saved and do not persist across sessions.
l Quick Filters are created on the Quick Filter Dialog.
4.3.1.13.1.1 Creating a Display Filter
There are two steps to using a display filter. Define the filter conditions, and then apply the filter to the data set.
The system combines both filter definition and application in one dialog.
1.
Click the Display Filters icon on the Frame Display window or select Apply/Modify
Display Filters from the Filter menu to open the Set Condition dialog box. The Set Condition dialog is
self configuring which means that when you Select each frame under Conditions the following
displayed fields depend on your selection. With each subsequent selection the dialog fields will change
depending on you selection in that field.
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Figure 4.13 - Example: Set Conditions Self Configuring Based on Protocol Selection
Figure 4.14 - Example: Set Conditions Self Configuring Based on Frame Range
2. Select Include or Exclude to add filtered data or keep out filtered data respectively.
3. Select the initial condition for the filter from the drop-down list.
4. Set the parameters for the selected condition in the fields provided. The fields that appear in the dialog
box are dependent upon the previous selection. Continue to enter the requested parameters in the fields
provided until the condition statement is complete.
5. Click OK. The system displays the Save Named Condition dialog. Provide a name for the filter condition
or accept the default name provided by the system and click OK. Prohibited characters are left bracket '[',
right bracket ']' and equal sign '='. The Set Condition dialog box closes, creates a tab on the Frame
Display with the filter name, and applies the filter.
The filter also appears in the Quick Filtering and Hiding Protocols dialog.
When a display filter is applied, a description of the filter appears to the right of the toolbar in the Frame Display
windows.
Notes:
l The system requires naming and saving of all filters created by the user.
l The OK button on the Set Condition dialog box is unavailable (grayed out) until the condition selections are
complete.
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l When you have multiple Frame Display windows with a display filter or filters, those filter do not automatically
appear in other Frame Display windows. You must use the Hide/Reveal feature to display a filter created in
one Frame Display in different Frame Display window.
4.3.1.13.1.2 Including and Excluding Radio Buttons
All filter dialog boxes contain an Include and an Exclude radio button. These buttons are mutually exclusive. The
Include/Exclude selection becomes part of the filter definition, and appears as part of the filter description
displayed to the right of the Toolbar.
Include: A filter constructed with the "Include" button selected, returns a data set that includes frames that meet
the conditions defined by the filter and omits frames that do not.
Exclude: A filter constructed with the "Exclude" button selected, returns a data set that excludes frames that
meet the conditions defined by the filter and consists of frames that do not.
4.3.1.13.1.3 Named Display Filters
You can create a unique display filter by selecting a data type on the Frame Display and using a right click menu.
When you create a Name Filter, it appears in the Quick Filtering dialog, where you can use it do customize the
data you see in the Frame Display panes.
1. Select a frame in the Frame Display Summary Pane.
2. Right click in the one of the data columns in the Summary Pane: CRC, NESN, DS, Packet Success,
Ethertype, Source Address, etc.
3. Select Filter in (data type) = . The Filtering Results
dialog appears.
4. Enter a name for the filter
5. Select OK.
The filter you just created appears in the Named Filters section
of the Quick Filtering dialog.
4.3.1.13.1.4 Using Compound Display Filters
Compound filters use boolean logic to create complex and precise filters. There are three primary Boolean logic
operators: AND, OR, and NOT.
The AND operator narrows the filter, the OR operator broadens the filter, and the NOT operator excludes
conditions from the filtered results. Include parentheses in a compound filter to nest condition sets within larger
condition sets, and force the filter-processing order.
There are two steps to using a compound filter. Define the filter conditions, and then apply the filter to the data
set. The analyzer combines both filter definition and application in one dialog.
1.
Click the Display Filters icon on the Frame Display window or select Apply/Modify Display
Filters… from the filter menu to open the Set Condition dialog box.
2. Click the Advanced button on the Set Condition dialog box.
3. Select Include or Exclude radio button.
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Now you can set the conditions for the filter.
4. Select the initial condition for the filter from the
combo box at the bottom of the dialog for Select
each frame.
5. Set the parameters for the selected condition in
the fields provided. The fields that appear in the
dialog box are dependent upon the previous
selection. Continue to enter the requested
parameters in the fields provided until the
conditions statement is complete.
Figure 4.15 - Two Filter Conditions Added with an AND Operator
6.
Click the plus icon on the left side of the dialog box and repeat steps 4 and 5 for the next condition.
Use the up and down arrow icons on the left side of the dialog box to order your conditions, and
the delete button to delete conditions from your filter.
7. Continue adding conditions until your filter is complete.
8. Include parentheses as needed and set the boolean operators.
9. Click OK.
10. The system displays the Save Named Condition dialog. Provide a name for the filter condition or accept
the default name provided by the system and click OK.
Figure 4.16 - Save Named Filter Condition Dialog
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The Set Condition dialog box closes, creates a tab on the Frame Display with the filter name, and applies the
filter.
When a display filter is applied, a description of the filter
appears to the right of the toolbar in the Frame
Display windows.
Note: The OK button on the Set Condition dialog box is unavailable (grayed out) until the
condition selections are complete.
4.3.1.13.1.5 Defining Node and Conversation Filters
There are two steps to using Node and Conversation display filter. Define the filter conditions, and then apply the
filter to the data set. The analyzer combines both filter definition and application in one dialog.
1.
Click the Display Filters icon on the Frame Display window or select Apply/Modify Display
Filters… from the filter menu to open the Set Condition dialog box.
2. From the Select each frame combo box choose frames with the conversation as the initial condition.
3. Select an address type—IP, MAC, TCP/UDB—from the Typecombo box (The address type selection
populates both Address combo boxes with node address in the data set that match the type selection).
4. Select a node address from the first Address combo box.
5. Choose a direction arrow from the direction box . The left arrow filters on all frames
where the top node address is the destination, the right arrow filters on all frames
where the top node address is the source, and the double arrow filters on all frames
where the top node address is either the source or the destination.
6. If you want to filter on just one node address, skip step 7 and continue with step 8.
7. If you want to filter on traffic going between two address nodes (i.e. a conversation), select a node address
from the second Address combo box..
8. Click OK. The Set Condition dialog box closes and the analyzer applies the filter.
When a display filter is applied, a description of the filter appears to the right of the toolbar in the Frame Display
windows.
Note: The OK button is unavailable (grayed out) until the condition selections are complete.
4.3.1.13.1.6 The Difference Between Deleting and Hiding Display Filters
If you wish to remove a filter from the system permanently, then use the Delete procedure. However, if all you
want to do is remove a filter as a means to un-clutter the display, then use the Hide procedure.
Deleting a saved filter removes the filter from the current session and all subsequent sessions. In order to retrieve
a deleted filter, the user must recreate it using the Set Conditions dialog.
Hiding a filter merely removes the filter from the display. A hidden filter can be reapplied using the Show/Hide
procedure.
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Deleting Saved Display Filters
1. Select Delete Display Filters from the Filter
menu in the Frame Display window to
open the Delete Named Condition dialog.
The system displays the Delete Named
Condition dialog with a list of all user defined
filters.
2. Select the filter to be deleted from the list.
3. Click the Delete button.
4. Click OK. The Delete Named Condition
dialog box closes and the system deletes the
filter.
Hiding and Revealing Display Filters
If a display filter is showing the following steps will hide
that filter but will not delete it.
1.
Select Hide/Show Display
Filters… from the Filter menu on the
Frame Display window to open
the Hide/Show Filters dialog. The
system displays the Hide/Show
Filters dialog with a list of all user
defined filters.
2. Select the filter to be hidden from the
combo box.
3. Click the Hide button. The Hide button is only showing if the selected filter is currently showing in the
Frame Display.
4. Click OK. The Hide/Show Filters dialog box closes, and the system hides the filter and removes the filter
tab from the Frame Display.
If a display filter is hidden the following steps will reveal that filter in the Frame Display.
1.
Select Hide/Show Display Filters… from the Filter menu in the Frame Display window to
open the Hide/Show Filters dialog. The system displays the Hide/Show Filters dialog with a list of all
user defined filters.
2. Select the filter to be revealed from the combo box.
3. Click the Show button.
4. Click OK. The Hide/Show Filters dialog box closes and the system reveals the filter in the Frame
Display.
You can also open the Quick Filter dialog and check the box next to the hidden filter to show or hide a display
filter.
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Figure 4.17 - Using Named Filters Section of Quick Filters to Show/Hide Filters
Note: When you have multiple Frame Display windows with a display filter or filters, those
filter do not automatically appear in other Frame Display windows. You must use the
Hide/Show dialog to display a filter created in one Frame Display in different Frame Display
window.
4.3.1.13.1.7 Editing Filters
Modifying a Condition in a Filter
1.
Click the Display Filters icon on the Frame
Display window or select Apply/Modify Display
Filters… from the Filter menu to open the Set
Condition dialog box. The Set Condition dialog box
displays the current filter definition at the top of the dialog.
To display another filter, click the Open icon, and
select the filter from the pop-up list of all the saved filters.
2. Edit the desired parameter of the condition: Because the required fields for a condition statement depend
upon previously selected parameters, the Set Condition dialog box may display additional fields that were
not present in the original filter. In the event this occurs, continue to enter the requested parameters in
the fields provided until the condition statement is complete.
3. Click OK. The system displays the Save Named Condition dialog. Ensure that the filter name is
displayed in the text box at the top of the dialog, and click OK. If you choose to create an additional filter,
then provide a new name for the filter condition or accept the default name provided by the system and
click OK.) The Set Condition dialog box closes, and the system applies the modified filter.
Note: When a display filter is applied, a description of the filter appears to the right of the
toolbar in the Frame Display windows.
Deleting a Condition in a Filter
If a display filter has two or more conditions you can delete conditions. If there is only one condition set in the
filter you must delete the filter using Delete Display Filters… from the Filters menu.
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1.
Click the Display Filters icon on the Frame Display window or select Apply/Modify Display
Filters… from the Filter menu to open the Set Condition dialog box. Click on the Advanced button to
show the condition in Boolean format. The dialog box displays the current filter definition. To display
another filter, click the Open icon, and select the filter from the pop-up list of all the saved filters.
Figure 4.18 - Set Condition Dialog in Advanced View
2. Select the desired condition from the filter definition.
3.
Click the Delete Selected Line icon.
4. Edit the Boolean operators and parentheses as needed.
5. Click OK. The system displays the Save Named Condition dialog. Ensure that the filter name is
displayed in the text box at the top of the dialog, and click OK. (If you choose to create an additional filter,
then provide a new name for the filter condition or accept the default name provided by the system and
click OK.) The Set Condition dialog box closes, and the system applies the modified filter.
Note: When a display filter is applied, a description of the filter appears to the right of the
toolbar in the Frame Display windows.
Renaming a Display Filter
1.
Select Rename Display Filters… from the Filter menu in the Frame Display window to open
the Rename Filter dialog. The system displays the Rename Filter dialog with a list of all user defined
filters in the Filters combo box.
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Figure 4.19 - Rename Filters Dialog
2. Select the filter to be renamed from the combo box.
3. Enter a new name for the filter in the New Name box. Optionally click the Apply button and the new
name will appear in the Filters combo box and the New Name box will empty. This option allows you to
rename several filters without closing the Rename Filter dialog each time.
4. Click OK. The Rename Filter dialog box closes and the system renames the filter.
4.3.1.13.2 Connection Filtering
Connection Filtering allows the user to view a subset of the total available packets within the Frame Display. The
subset can include data from a single Bluetooth connection, or all of the BR/EDR packets, all of the low energy
packets, all of the 802.11 packets, or all of the HCI packets.
Bluetooth Applicability
A connection (device pair) is identified by
1. A Link for Classic Bluetooth,
2. An Access Address for Bluetooth low energy.
The link ID is a number that the ComProbe software assigns to identify a pair of devices in a BR/EDR connection. In
the Frame Display details pane, the Baseband layer contains the link ID field if the field’s value is not 0.
An Access Address is contained in every Bluetooth low energy packet. The Access Address identifies a connection
between a slave and a master or an advertising packet.
Connection filtering displays only the frames, protocols, summary, details, and events for the selected
connections.
Note: Connection Filters are not persistent across sessions.
4.3.1.13.2.1 Creating a Connection Filter
In the Frame Display there are four ways to create a connection filter.
From the Frame Display Filter menu
Click on the Frame Display Filter menu Connection Filter selection. From the drop down menu, select
Classic or Bluetooth low energy. The options are
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l Classic Bluetooth:
o
All will filter in all Classic Bluetooth frames. You are in effect filtering out any Bluetooth low energy frames
and are selecting to filter in all the Classic Bluetooth links.
o
Links displays all the master-slave links. You can select only one link to filter in. The selected link will filter
in only the frames associated with that link.
l Bluetooth low energy:
o
All will filter in all Bluetooth low energy frames. You are in effect filtering out any Classic Bluetooth frames
and are selecting to filter in all Bluetooth low energy access addresses.
o
Access Addresses displays all the low energy slave device's access address. You can select only one
access address to filter. The selected link will filter in only the frames associated with that access address.
l 802.11:
o
All will filter in all 802.11 frames. You are in effect filtering out any other technology frames.
l HCI:
o
All will filter in all HCI frames. You are in effect filtering out any other technology frames.
Figure 4.20 - Connection Filter from the Frame Display Menu
From the Frame Display toolbar
Right-click anywhere in the toolbar and select Connection Filter from the pop-up menu. The procedure for
creating a connection filter are identical as described in From the Frame Display Filter menu, above.
Figure 4.21 - Connection Filter from the Frame Display Toolbar right-click
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From the Frame Display panes
Right-click anywhere in a Frame Display pane and select Connection Filter in the pop-up menu. The procedure
for creating a connection filter are identical as described in From the Frame Display Filter menu, above.
Figure 4.22 - Connection Filter from the Frame Display Pane right-click
From the Frame Display frame selection
Select a frame in the summary pane. Right-click and select Connection Filter in the pop-up menu. The
procedure for creating a connection filter are identical as described in From the Frame Display Filter menu,
above.
If the frame you have selected is associated with a Classic Bluetooth link or a Bluetooth low energy access address,
an additional pop-up menu item will appear as shown in the example image below. This selection is a
predetermined filter based on your selection. In the example, frame "6471" is associated with "Link 4", so the
predetermined filter assumes that you may want create a connection filter for that link. Clicking on Connection
Filter Link = 4 will filter in "Link 4" frames without opening all the drop-down menus.
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Figure 4.23 - Connection Filter from frame selection right-click
Creating from any Frame Display window
A Connection Filter can be created from any open Frame Display window, and the filtering will always be applied
to the original captured data set.
4.3.1.13.2.2 Connection Filter Display
Once you have selected which connections to filter in, another Frame Display will open. The original Frame
Display will remain open, and can be minimized.
Note: The system currently limits the number of frame displays to 5. This limit includes any
Frame Displays opened using Duplicate View from the Toolbar (see Working with
Multiple Frame Displays on page 37)
The new Frame Display with the filtered connection frames will only contain the data defined by the filter criteria.
That is, the criteria could be a single link or data for a particular technology.
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Display Example 1: Bluetooth low energy Access Address selected
Figure 4.24 - Front Display: Filtered on Access Address 0x8e89bed6
In the figure above is an example Bluetooth low energy data set connection filtered on Access Address =
0x8e89bed6. The Frame Display in the front is the filtered data set. One way to note the difference between the
original and the filtered display is to observe the Protocol Tabs. In the filtered display there are four low energy
protocol tabs as compared to nine in the original display. This access address connection is not using five of the
protocols.
From any open Frame display the user can set another Connection Filter based on the original data set.
Display Example 2: All 802.11 data filtered in
In this example, there is a capture file with Classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy, and 802.11. To view just the
802.11 data set, 802.11 = All is selected from the right-click pop up menu.
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Figure 4.25 - Unfiltered: Capture File with Classic, low energy, and 802.11
When the Frame Display with the filtered 802.11 data set appears, only the Protocol Tabs for 802.11 are present
and the tabs for Classic Bluetooth and Bluetooth low energy have been filtered out.
Figure 4.26 - Connection Filter selecting All 802.11 frames, front
4.3.1.13.3 Protocol Filtering from the Frame Display
4.3.1.13.3.1 Quick Filtering on a Protocol Layer
On the Frame Display , click the Quick Filtering icon or select Quick Filtering from the Filter menu.
This opens a dialog that lists all the protocols discovered so far. The protocols displayed change depending on the
data received.
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Figure 4.27 - Frame Display Quick Filtering and Hiding Protocols Dialog
The box on the left is Protocols To Filter In. When you select the checkbox for a protocol in the Protocols to
Filter In, the Summary pane will only display those frames that contain data from that protocol.
If you filter on more than one protocol, the result are all frames that contain at least one of
those protocols. For example, if you filter on IP and IPX NetBIOS, you receive all frames that
contain either IP or IPX NetBIOS (or both). A Quick Filter tab then appears on the Frame
Display. Changing the filter definition on the Quick Filter dialog changes the filter applied on the Quick Filter
tab. Quick filters are persistent during the session, but are discarded when the session is closed.
The box in the center is the Protocols To Hide. When you select the checkbox for a protocol in the Protocols
To Hide, data for that protocol will not appear in the Decode, Binary, Radix, and Character panes. The
frames containing that type data will still appear in the Summary pane, but not in the Decode, Binary, Radix,
and Character panes.
The box on the right is the Named Filters. It contains filters that you create
using the Named Filter and Set Condition dialogs. When you select the
checkbox for the Name Filters, a tab appears on the Summary Pane that
displays the frame containing the specific data identified in the filter. The
named Filter tab remains on the Frame Display Summary
Pane unless you hide it using the Hide/Show Display Filters
dialog.
Check the small box next to the name of each protocol you want to filter in,
hide, or Named Filter to display.
Then click OK
4.3.1.13.3.2 Easy Protocol Filtering
There are two types of easy protocol filtering. The first method lets you filter on the protocol shown in the
Summary pane, and the second lets you filter on any protocol discovered on the network so far.
Filtering on the Summary Layer Protocol
To filter on the protocol in the Summary in the Frame Display window pane:
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1. Select the tab of the desired protocol, or open the Summary combo box.
2. Select the desired protocol.
3. To filter on a different layer, just select another tab, or change the layer selection in the combo box.
Filtering on all Frames with Errors
To filter on all frames with errors:
1.
Open the Frame Display window.
2.
Click the starred Quick Filter icon or select Quick Filtering from the Filter menu
3. Check the box for All Frames With Errors in the Protocols To Filter In pane, and click OK.
4. The system creates a tab on the Frame Display labeled "Errors" that displays the results of
the All Frames With Errors filter.
Note: When you have multiple Frame Display windows open and you are capturing data, you
may receive an error message declaring that "Filtering cannot be done while receiving data
this fast." If this occurs, you may have to stop filtering until the data is captured.
4.4 Analyzing Byte Level Data
4.4.1 Event Display
To open this window click the Event Display icon on the Control window toolbar.
The Event Display window provides detailed information about every captured event. Events include data
bytes, data related information such as start-of-frame and end-of-frame flags, and the analyzer information, such
as when the data capture was paused. Data bytes are displayed in hex on the left side of the window, with the
corresponding ASCII character on the right.
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Figure 4.28 - Event Display
Click on an event to find out more about it. The three status lines at the bottom of the window are updated with
information such as the time the event occurred (for data bytes, the time the byte was captured), the value of the
byte in hex, decimal, octal, and binary, any errors associated with the byte, and more.
Events with errors are shown in red to make them easy to spot.
When capturing data live, the analyzer continually updates the Event Display as data is captured. Make sure the
Lock icon is displayed on the toolbar to prevent the display from updating (Clicking on the icon again will
unlock the display). While locked, you can review your data, run searches, determine delta time intervals
between bytes, and check CRCs. To resume updating the display, click the Lock icon again.
You can have more than one Event Display open at a time. Click the Duplicate View icon to create a
second, independent Event Display window. You can lock one copy of the Event Display and analyze your
data, while the second Event Display updates as new data is captured.
Event Display is synchronized with the Frame Display and Mesage Sequence Chart dialogs. Selecting a
byte in Event Display will also select the related frame in the Frame Display and the related message in the
Message Sequence Chart.
4.4.2 The Event Display Toolbar
Home – Brings the Control window to the front.
Open a capture file
Start Capture - Begins data capture to disk.
Stop Capture - Closes a capture file and stops data capture to disk.
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Save - Prompts user for a file name. If the user supplies a name, a .cfa file is saved.
Clear- Discards the temporary file and clears the display.
Lock - In the Lock state, the window is locked so you can review a portion of data. Data
capture continues in the background. Clicking on the Lock icon unlocks the window.
Unlock - In the Unlock state, the screen fills in the data captured since the screen lock and
moves down to display incoming data again. Clicking on the Unlock icon locks the window.
Duplicate View - Creates a second Event Display window identical to the first.
Frame Display - (framed data only) Brings up a Frame Display, with the frame of the currently
selected bytes highlighted.
Display Capture Notes - Brings up the Capture Notes window where you can view or add
notes to the capture file.
Add/Modify Bookmark - Add a new or modify an existing bookmark.
Display All Bookmarks - Shows all bookmarks and lets you move between bookmarks.
Find - Search for errors, string patterns, special events and more.
Go To - Opens the Go To dialog, where you can specify which event number to go to.
CRC - Change the algorithm and seed value used to calculate CRCs. To calculate a CRC,
select a byte range, and the CRC appears in the status lines at the bottom of the Event
Display.
Mixed Sides - (Serial data only) By default, the analyzer shows data with the DTE side above
the DCE side. This is called DTE over DCE format. DTE data has a white background and
DCE data has a gray background. The analyzer can also display data in mixed side format. In
this format, the analyzer does not separate DTE data from DCE data but shows all data on
the same line as it comes in. DTE data is still shown with a white background and DCE data
with a gray background so that you can distinguish between the two. The benefit of using this
format is that more data fits onto one screen.
Character Only - The analyzer shows both the number (hex, binary, etc.) data and the
character (ASCII, EBCDIC or BAUDOT) data on the same screen. If you do not wish to see
the hex characters, click on the Character Only button. Click again to go back to both number
and character mode.
Number Only - Controls whether the analyzer displays data in both character and number
format, or just number format. Click once to show only numeric values, and again to show
both character and numeric values.
All Events - Controls whether the analyzer shows all events in the window, or only data bytes.
Events include control signal changes and framing information.
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Timestamping Options – Brings up the timestamping options window which has options for
customizing the display and capture of timestamps.
4.4.3 Opening Multiple Event Display Windows
Click the Duplicate View icon from the Event Display toolbar to open a second Event Display window.
You can open as many Event Display windows as you like. Each Event Display is independent of the others
and can show different data, use a different radix or character set, or be frozen or live.
The Event Display windows are numbered in the title bar. If you have multiple Event Displays open, click on
the Event Display icon on the Control window toolbar to show a list of all the Event Displays currently
open. Select a window from the list to bring it to the front.
4.4.4 Calculating CRCs or FCSs
The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a function on the Event Display window used to produce a checksum. The
frame check sequence (FCS) are the extra checksum characters added to a frame to detect errors.
1.
Open the Event Display window.
2. Click and drag to select the data for which you want to generate a CRC.
3.
Click on the CRC icon .
4. In the CRC dialog box, click on the down arrow to show the list
of choices for CRC algorithms..
5. Enter a Seed value in hexadecimal if desired.
6. Click OK to generate the CRC. It appears in the byte information
lines at the bottom of the Event Display window. Whenever you
select a range of data, a CRC is calculated automatically.
Calculating CRC for interwoven data
Frontline calculates the CRC for either side of the interwoven data.
Which side it calculates is determined by the first byte selected. If the first byte is from one side, then Frontline
calculates the CRC for just the bytes on that side. If the first byte is from the other side, then Frontline calculates
the CRC for just the bytes on that side.
Incorrect results with CRC16 for serial data
If you are calculating CRCs using the CRC16 algorithm and the CRCs do not match what you know they should be,
try CRC16rev. What hardware often calls CRC16 is what software calls CRC16rev.
4.4.5 Calculating Delta Times and Data Rates
1.
Click on the Event Display icon on the Control window to open the Event Display window.
2. Use the mouse to select the data you want to calculate a delta time and rate for.
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3. The Event Display window displays the delta time and the data rate in the status lines at the bottom of
the window.
Figure 4.29 - Delta fields
4.4.6 Switching Between Live Update and Review Mode
The Event Display and Frame Display windows can update to display new data during live capture, or be
frozen to allow data analysis. By default, the Event Display continually updates with new data, and the Frame
Display is locked.
1.
Make sure the Lock icon is active so the display is locked and unable to scroll.
2.
Click the Unlock icon again to resume live update.
The analyzer continues to capture data in the background while the display is locked. Upon resuming live update,
the display updates with the latest data.
You can have more than one Event Display or Frame Display window open at a time. Click the Duplicate
View icon to open additional Event or Frame Display windows. The lock/resume function is independent on
each window. This means that you can have two Event Display windows open simultaneously, and one window
can be locked while the other continues to update.
4.4.7 Data Formats and Symbols
4.4.7.1 Switching Between Viewing All Events and Viewing Data Events
By default, the analyzer on the Event Display dialog shows all events1that include:
l Data bytes
l Start-of-frame
1
An event is anything that happens on the circuit or which affects data capture. Data bytes, control signal changes, and long
and short breaks are all events, as are I/O Settings changes and Data Capture Paused and Resumed.
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l End-of-frame characters
l Data Captured Was Paused.
Click on the Display All Events icon to remove the non-data events. Click again to display all events.
See on page 69 for a list of all the special events shown in the analyzer and what they mean.
4.4.7.2 Switching Between Hex, Decimal, Octal or Binary
On the Event Display window the analyzer displays data in Hex by default. There are several ways to change the
radix1used to display data.
Go to the Format menu and select the radix you want. A check mark next to the radix indicates which set is
currently being used.
Figure 4.30 - Format Menu
1. Right-click on the data display header labels and choose a different radix.
Figure 4.31 - Header labels, right click
2. Or right-click anywhere in the data display and select a different radix.
1
The base of a number system. Binary is base 2, octal is base 8, decimal is base 10 and hexadecimal is base 16.
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Figure 4.32 - Data display right click menu
If you want to see only the numerical values, click on the Numbers Only icon on the Event Display
toolbar.
4.4.7.3 Switching Between ASCII, EBCDIC, and Baudot
On the Event Display window, the analyzer displays data in ASCII by default when you click on the Characters
Only icon . There are several ways to change the character set used to display data.
1. Go to the Format menu and select the character set you want. A check mark next to the character set
indicates which set is currently being used.
2. With the data displayed in characters, right-click on the data panel header label to choose a different
character set.
If you want to see only characters, click on the Characters Only icon on the Event Display toolbar.
4.4.7.4 Selecting Mixed Channel/Sides
If you want to get more data on the Event Display window, you can switch to mixed sides mode. This mode
puts all the data together on the same line. Data from one side (Slave ) is shown on a white background and data
from the other side (Master )is shown on a gray background.
1.
Click once on the Mixed Sides icon to put the display in mixed sides mode.
2. Click again to return to side over side mode.
3. You can right click in the center of the data display window to change between mixed and side over side
modes by selecting Display Sides Together. A check mark is displayed. Click on Display Sides
Together to remove the check mark and return to side-by-side display.
4. Right click in the sides panel on the right of the data display and select Display Sides Together. A check
mark is displayed. Click on Display Sides Together to remove the check mark and return to side-by-
side display.
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4.4.7.5 List of all Event Symbols
By default, the Event Display shows all events1, which includes control signal changes, start and end of frame
characters and flow control changes. If you want to see only the data bytes, click on the All Events button . Click
again to display all events.
Click on a symbol, and the analyzer displays the symbol name and sometimes additional information in the status
lines at the bottom of the Event Display window. For example, clicking on a control signal change symbol
displays which signal(s) changed.
In addition to data bytes, the events shown are (in alphabetical order):
Table 4.3 - Event Symbols
Symbol Event
Abort
Broken Frame - The frame did not end when the analyzer expected it to. This occurs most often
with protocols where the framing is indicated by a specific character, control signal change, or
other data related event.
Buffer Overflow - Indicates a buffer overflow error. A buffer overflow always causes a broken
frame.
Control Signal Change - One or more control signals changed state. Click on the symbol, and
the analyzer displays which signal(s) changed at the bottom of the Event Display window.
Data Capture Paused - The Pause icon was clicked, pausing data capture. No data is recorded
while capture is paused.
Data Capture Resumed - The Pause icon was clicked again, resuming data capture.
Dropped Frames - Some number of frames were lost. Click on the symbol, and the analyzer
displays many frames were lost at the bottom of the Event Display window.
End of Frame - Marks the end of a frame.
Flow Control Active - An event occurred which caused flow control to become active (i.e.
caused the analyzer to stop transmitting data) Events which activate flow control are signal
changes or the receipt of an XON character.
Flow Control Inactive - An event occurred which caused flow control to become inactive (i.e.
caused the analyzer to transmit data). Events which deactivate flow control are signal changes
or the receipt of an XOFF character.
Frame Recognizer Change - A lowest layer protocol was selected or removed here, causing the
frame recognizer to be turned off or on.
I/O Settings Change - A change was made in the I/O Settings window which altered the baud,
parity, or other circuit setting.
Long Break
1
An event is anything that happens on the circuit or which affects data capture. Data bytes, control signal changes, and long
and short breaks are all events, as are I/O Settings changes and Data Capture Paused and Resumed.
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Table 4.3 - Event Symbols (continued)
Symbol Event
Low Power - The battery in the ComProbe®is low.
Short Break
SPY Event (SPY Mode only) - SPY events are commands sent by the application being spied on
to the UART.
Start of Frame - Marks the start of a frame.
Begin Sync Character Strip
End Sync Character Strip
Sync Dropped
Sync Found
Sync Hunt Entered
Sync Lost
Test Device Stopped Responding - The analyzer lost contact with the ComProbe for some
reason, often because there is no power to the ComProbe.
Test Device Began Responding - The analyzer regained contact with the ComProbe.
Timestamping Disabled - Timestamping was turned off. Events following this event are not
timestamped.
Timestamping Enabled - Timestamping was turned on. Events following this event have
timestamps.
Truncated Frame- A frame that is not the same size as indicated within its protocol.
Underrun Error
Unknown Event
4.4.7.6 Font Size
The font size can be changed on several Event Display windows. Changing the font size on one window does not
affect the font size on any other window.
To change the font size:
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1. Click on Event Display menu Options, and select Change the Font Size.
Figure 4.33 - Event Display Options menu
2. Choose a font size from the list.
3. Click OK.
Figure 4.34 - Event Display Font Size Selection
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Chapter 5 Navigating and Searching the Data
The following sections describe how to navigate through the data and how to find specific data or packet
conditions of interest to the user.
5.1 Find
Capturing and decoding data within the ComProbe analyzer produces a wealth of information for analysis. This
mass of information by itself, however, is just that, a mass of information. There has to be ways to manage the
information. ComProbe software provides a number of different methods for making the data more accessible.
One of these methods is Find.
Figure 5.1 - Find Dialog
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Find, as the name suggests, is a comprehensive search function that allows users to search for strings or patterns
in the data or in the frame decode. You can search for errors, control signal changes, bookmarks, special events,
time, and more. Once the information is located, you can easily move to every instance of the Find results.
5.1.1 Searching within Decodes
Searching within decodes lets you to do a string search on the data in the Decode Pane of the Frame Display
window.
To access the search within decodes function:
1. Open a capture fileto search.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
3.
Click on the Find icon or choose Find from the Edit menu.
4. Click on the Decode tab of the Find dialog.
Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the
content of the capture file you are viewing.
Figure 5.2 - Find Decode Tab Search for String
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Figure 5.3 - Find Decode Tab Side Restriction
There are several options for error searching on the Decoder tab.
l Search For String in Decoder allows you to enter a string in the text box. You can use characters, hex or
binary digits, wildcards or a combination of any of the formats when entering your string. Every time you type
in a search string, the analyzer saves the search. The next time you open Find, the drop-down list will contain
your search parameters.
l Search for All Errors finds frame errors as well as frames with byte-level errors (such as parity or CRC
errors).
l Search for Frame Errors Only finds frame specific errors, such as frame check errors.
l Search for Information Frame only searches information frames.
1. Enter the search string.
2. Check Ignore Case to do a case-insensitive search.
3. When you have specified the time interval you want to use, click on the Find Next or Find Previous
buttons to start the search from the current event.
The result of the search is displayed in the Decode pane in Frame Display.
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Side Restrictions - Side Restriction means that the analyzer
looks for a pattern coming wholly from the DTE or DCE side. If you
choose to search without regard for data origin, the analyzer looks
for a pattern coming from one or both sides. For example, if you
choose to search for the pattern ABC and you choose to search
without regard for data origin, the analyzer finds all three instances
of ABC shown here.
The first pattern, with the A and the C coming from the DTE device
and the B coming from the DCE is a good example of how using a
side restriction differs from searching without regard to data origin.
While searching without regard for data origin finds all three
patterns, searching using a side restriction never finds the first
pattern, because it does not come wholly from one side or the
other.
If you choose to search for the pattern ABC, and you restrict the
search to just the DTE side, the analyzer finds the following pattern:
In this example, the analyzer finds only the second pattern
(highlighted above) because we restricted the search to just the
DTE side. The first pattern doesn't qualify because it is split between
the DTE and DCE sides, and the third pattern, though whole, comes
from just the DCE side.
If we choose both the DTE and the DCE sides in the above example,
then the analyzer finds the second pattern followed by the third
pattern, but not the first pattern. This is because each side has one
instance in which the whole pattern can be found. The analyzer
completely searches the DTE side first, followed by the DCE side.
Note: Side Restriction is available for pattern and error searching.
1. Select one of the two options.
2. Select DTE, DCE, or both.
3. When you made your selections, click on the Find Next or Find Previous buttons to start the search
from the current event.
The result of the search is displayed in the Decode pane in Frame Display.
5.1.2 Searching by Pattern
Search by Pattern lets you perform a traditional string search. You can combine any of the formats when
entering your string, and your search can include wildcards.
To access the search by pattern function:
1. Open a capture fileto search.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
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3.
Click on the Find icon or choose Find from the Edit menu.
4. Click on the Pattern tab of the Find dialog.
Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the
content of the capture file you are viewing.
Figure 5.4 - Find Pattern Tab
Figure 5.5 - Find Pattern Tab Side Restrictions
Pattern allows you to enter a string in the text box. You can use characters, hex or binary digits, control
characters, wildcards or a combination of any of the formats when entering your string. Every time you type in a
search string, the ComProbe analyzer saves the search. The next time you open Find, the drop-down list will
contain your search parameters.
1. Enter the search pattern.
2. Check Ignore Case to do a case-insensitive search.
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3. When you have specified the pattern you want to use, click on the Find Next or Find Previous buttons
to start the search from the current event.
The result of the search is displayed in the in Frame Display and Event Display.
Refer to Searching by Decode on page73 for information on Side Restrictions
5.1.3 Searching by Time
Searching with Time allows you search on timestamps on the data in Frame Display and Event Display
window.
To access the search by time function:
1. Open a capture fileto search.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
3.
Click on the Find icon or choose Find from the Edit menu.
4. Click on the Time tab of the Find dialog.
Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the
content of the capture file you are viewing.
Figure 5.6 - Find by Time tab
The analyzer can search by time in several different ways.
Search for Absolute/Relative timestamp.
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l Absolute - An absolute timestamp search means that the analyzer searches for an event at the exact date and
time specified. If no event is found at that time, the analyzer goes to the nearest event either before or after
the selected time, based on the "Go to the timestamp" selection.
l Relative - A relative search means that the analyzer begins searching from whatever event you are currently
on, and search for the next event a specific amount of time away.
1. Select Absolute or Relative
2. Select the date and time using the drop-down lists for Month, Year, Day, Hour, Minute, Second,
1/10000000.
Note: Month and Year are not available if you select Relative.
3. When you have specified the time interval you want to use, click on the Go To, Move Forward or Move
Backward buttons to start the search from the current event.
Note: When you select Absolute as Search for, Go To is available. When you
select Relative as Search for, Move Forward or Move Backwardis available.
Go to the timestamp: On or before/ On or after
The analyzer searches for an event that matches the time specified. If no event is found at the time specified, the
analyzer goes to the nearest event either before or after the specified time. Choose whether to have the analyzer
go to the nearest event before the specified time or after the specified time by clicking the appropriate radio
button in the Go to the timestamp box.
If you are searching forward in the buffer, you usually want to choose the On or After option. If you choose the
On or Before option, it may be that the analyzer finishes the search and not move from the current byte, if that
byte happens to be the closest match.
When you select Absolute as Search for, the radio buttons are On or before the specified time or On or
after the specified time. When you select Relative as Search for, the radio buttons are On or before the
specified time relative to the first selected item or On or after the specified time relative to the last
selected item.
1. Select On or before the specified time or On or after the specified time.
2. When you have specified the time interval you want to use, click on the Go To, Move Forward or Move
Backward buttons to start the search from the current event.
When you select Absolute as Search for, Go To is available. When you select Relative as Search for,
Move Forward or Move Backwardis available.
There are a couple of other concepts to understand in respect to searching with timestamps.
l The analyzer skips some special events that do not have timestamps, such as frame markers. Data events that
do not have timestamps because timestamping was turned off either before or during capture are also
skipped.
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l Timestamping can be turned on and off while data is being captured. As a result, the capture buffer may have
some data with a timestamp, and some data without. When doing a search by timestamp, the analyzer ignores
all data without a timestamp.
l The raw timestamp value is the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since the beginning of January 1, 1601.
This is standard Windows time.
5.1.4 Using Go To
Searching with Go To allows you to go to a particular frame or event, or to move through the data X number of
events or frames at a time. You can move either forward or backwards through the data.
To access the Go To function:
1. Open a capture fileto search.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
3.
Click on the Find icon or choose Find from the Edit menu.
4. Click on the Go To tab of the Find dialog.
5. The system displays the Find dialog with the Go To tab selected.
Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the
content of the capture file you are viewing.
Figure 5.7 - Find Go To tab
To go to a particular frame :
1. Select the Frame Number radio button
2. Type the frame number in the box.
3. Click the Go To button.
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4. To move forward or backward a set number of frames, type in the number of frames you want to move
5. Then click the Move Forward or Move Back button.
To go to a particular event :
1. Select the Data Event Number or All Events Number radio button.
2. Type the number of the event in the box.
3. Click the Go To button.
4. To move forward or backwards through the data, type in the number of events that you want to move
each time.
5. Then click on the Move Forward or Move Backward button.
6. For example, to move forward 10 events, type the number 10 in the box, and then click on Move
Forward. Each time you click on Move Forward, Frontline moves forward 10 events.
See Event Numbering for why the Data Event Number and All Events Number may be different. As a
general rule, if you have the Show All Events icon depressed on the Event Display window or Frame
Display Event pane, choose All Events Number. If the Show All Events button is up, choose Data Event
Number.
5.1.5 Searching for Special Events
Frontline inserts or marks events other than data bytes in the data stream. For example, the analyzer inserts startof-frame and end-of-frame markers into framed data, marking where each frame begins and ends. If a hardware
error occurs, the analyzer shows this using a special event marker. You can use Find to locate single or multiple
special events.
To access the search for special events function:
1. Open a capture fileto search.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
3.
Click on the Find icon or choose Find from the Edit menu.
4. Click on the Special Events tab of the Find dialog.
Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and
the content of the capture file you are viewing.
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Figure 5.8 - Find Special Events tab
5. Check the event or events you want to look for in the list of special events. Use Check All or Uncheck
All buttons to make your selections more efficient.
6. Click Find Next and Find Previous to move to the next instance of the event.
Not all special events are relevant to all types of data. For example, control signal changes are relevant only to
serial data and not to Ethernet data.
For a list of all special events and their meanings, see List of all Event Symbols on page 69.
5.1.6 Searching by Signal
Searching with Signal allows you to search for changes in control signal states for one or more control signals. You
can also search for a specific state involving one or more control signals, with the option to ignore those control
signals whose states you don’t care about.
The analyzer takes the current selected byte as its initial condition when running searches that rely on finding
events where control signals changed.
To access the search by time function:
1. Open a capture fileto search.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
3.
Click on the Find icon or choose Find from the Edit menu.
4. Click on the Signal tab of the Find dialog.
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Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the
content of the capture file you are viewing.
Figure 5.9 - Find Signal tab.
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Figure 5.10 - Find Signal Tab
You will choose one qualifier—Searching for event where, then choose one or more control signals
Control Signals
The section with the check boxes allows you to specify which control signals the analyzer should pay attention to
when doing the search. The analyzer pays attention to any control signal with a check mark.
l Click on a box to place a check mark next to a control signal
l Click again to uncheck the box
l By default, the analyzer searches all control signals, which means all boxes start out checked.
For example, if you are only interested in finding changes in RTS and CTS, you would check those two boxes
and uncheck all the other boxes. This tells the analyzer to look only at the RTS and CTS lines when running the
search. The other signals are ignored.
The control signals types include:
l USB - Pin 1
l USB - Pin 2
l USB - Pin 3
l USB - Pin 4
or
l RS232 - Request to Send (RTS)
l RS232 - Clear to Send (CTS)
l RS232 - Data Set Ready (DSR)
l RS232 - Data Terminal Ready (DTR)
l RS232 - Carrier Detect (CD)
l RS232 - Ring Indicator (RI).
Click here to learn more about the Breakout Box and Pins 1 - 4.
Searching for event where:
l The first three options are all fairly similar, and are described together. These options are searching for an
event where:
o
One or more control signals changed
o
One or more control signals changed from off to on
o
One or more control signals changed from on to off
l Searching for an event where one or more signals changed means that the analyzer looks at every control
signal that you checked, and see if any one of those signals changed state at any time.
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o
If you want to look at just one control signal:
n Check the box for the signal.
n Uncheck all the other boxes.
n Choose to search for an event where one or more signals changed.
n The analyzer notes the state of the selected signal at the point in the buffer where the cursor is,
search the buffer, and stop when it finds an event where RTS changed state.
n If the end of the buffer is reached before an event is found, the analyzer tells you that no matches
were found.
l Searching for events where control signals changed state from off to on, or vice versa, is most useful if the
signals are usually in one state, and you want to search for occasions where they changed state.
For example:
o
If DTR is supposed to be on all the time but you suspect that DTR is being dropped
o
Tell the analyzer to look only at DTR by checking the DTR box and unchecking the others
o
Do a search for where one or more control signals changed from on to off.
o
The analyzer would search the DTR signal and stop at the first event where DTR dropped from on to off.
l Searching for an Exact State
To search for an exact state means that the analyzer finds events that match exactly the state of the control
signals that you specify.
o
First, choose to search for an event where your choices exactly describe the state.
o
This changes the normal check boxes to a series of radio buttons labeled On, Off and Don’t Care for
each control signal.
o
Choose which state you want each control signal to be in.
o
Choose Don’t Care to have the analyzer ignore the state of a control signal.
o
When you click Find Next, the analyzer searches for an event that exactly matches the conditions
selected, beginning from the currently selected event.
o
If the end of the buffer is reached before a match is found, the analyzer asks you if you want to
continue searching from the beginning.
o
If you want to be sure to search the entire buffer, place your cursor on the first event in the buffer.
o
Select one of the four radio buttons to choose the condition that must be met in the search
o
Select one or more of the checkboxes for Pin 1, 2, 3, or 4.
o
Or, Select one or more of the checkboxes for Request to Send (RTS), Clear to Send (CTS), Data Set
Ready (DSR), Data Terminal Ready (DTR), Carrier Detect (CD), and Ring Indicator (RI).
o
Click Find Next to locate the next occurrence of the search criteria or Find Previous to locate an
earlier occurrence of the search criteria.
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5.1.7 Searching for Data Errors
The analyzer can search for several types of data errors. Searching for data error sallows you to choose which
errors you want to search for and whether to search the DTE or DCE data or both. Bytes with errors are shown in
red in the Event Display window, making it easy to find errors visually when looking through the data.
To access the search by time function:
1. Open a capture fileto search.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
3.
Click on the Find icon or choose Find from the Edit menu.
4. Click on the Errors tab of the Find dialog.
Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the
content of the capture file you are viewing.
Figure 5.11 - Find Error tab.
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Searching for event where
The first three options are all fairly similar, and are described together. These options are searching for an event
where:
l one or more error conditions changed
l one or more error conditions occurred
l one or more error conditions were off (i.e. no errors occurred)
Selecting Which Errors to Search
The section with the check boxes allows you to choose which errors the analyzer should look for. Click on a box
to check or un-check it.
If you want to search only for overrun errors
l check the box if shown
l un-check the other boxes.
To search for all types of errors
l check all boxes
The most common search is looking for a few scattered errors in otherwise clean data.
To do this type of search:
l choose to Search for an event where one or more error conditions occurred
l choose which errors to look for
l By default, the analyzer looks for all types of errors.
In contrast, searching for an event where one or more error conditions were off means that the analyzer looks for
an event where the errors were not present.
For example, if you have data that is full of framing errors, and you know that somewhere in your 20 megabyte
capture file the framing got straightened out, you could choose to search for an event where one or more error
conditions were off, and choose to search only for framing. The analyzer searches the file, and finds the point at
which framing errors stopped occurring.
Searching for an event where the error conditions changed means that the analyzer searches the data and stop at
every point where the error condition changed from on to off, or off to on.
For example, if you have data where sometimes the framing is wrong and sometimes right, you would choose to
search framing errors where the error condition changed. This first takes you to the point where the framing
errors stopped occurring. When you click Find Next, the analyzer stops at the point when the errors began
occurring again. Clicking Find Previous will search backwards from the current postion.
The analyzer takes the current selected byte as its initial condition when running searches that rely on finding
events where error conditions changed. The analyzer searches until it finds an event where error conditions
changed or it reaches the end of the buffer, at which point the analyzer tells you that there are no more events
found in the buffer. If you are searching for an exact match, the analyzer asks you if you want to continue
searching from the beginning of the buffer.
Searching for Exact Error Conditions
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To search for an exact state means that the
analyzer finds events that exactly match the
error conditions that you specify.
l Select the This exactly describes the
state radio button.
l This changes the normal check boxes to a
series of radio buttons labeled On, Off
and Don’t Care for each error.
o
On means that the error occurred
o
Off means that the error did not
occur
o
Don’t Care means that the analyzer
ignores that error condition.
l Select the appropriate state for each type of error.
Example:
If you need to find an event where just an overrun error occurred, but not any other type of error, you would
choose overrun error to be On, and set all other errors to Off. This causes the analyzer to look for an event where
only an overrun error occurred.
If you want to look for events where overrun errors occurred, and other errors may have also occurred but it
really doesn’t matter if they did or not, choose overrun to be On, and set the others to Don’t Care. The analyzer
ignores any other type of error, and find events where overrun errors occurred.
To find the next error, click the Find Next button. To find an error that occurred earlier in the buffer to where you
are, click the Find Previous button.
5.1.8 Find - Bookmarks
Searching with Bookmarks allows you search on specific bookmarks on the data in Frame Display and Event
Display window. Bookmarks are notes/reminders of interest that you attach to the data so they can be accessed
later.
To access the search for bookmarks
1. Open a capture fileto search.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
3.
Click on the Find icon or choose Find from the Edit menu.
4. Click on the Bookmarks tab of the Find dialog.
Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the content of the
capture file you are viewing.
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Figure 5.12 - Find Bookmark tab.
There are several ways to locate bookmarks.
l Select the bookmark you want to move to and click the Go To button.
l Simply double-click on the bookmark.
l Click the Move Forward and Move Back buttons to move through the frames to the bookmarks shown in
the window. When the bookmark is found it is highlighted in the window.
There are three ways to modify bookmarks:
1. Click on Delete to remove the selected bookmark.
2. Click on Modify... to change the selected Bookmark name.
3. Remove All will delete all bookmarks in the window.
The Find window Bookmark tab will also appear when using functions other than Find such as when clicking on
the Display All Bookmarks icon.
5.1.9 Changing Where the Search Lands
When doing a search in the analyzer, the byte or bytes matching the search criteria are highlighted in the Event
Display. The first selected byte appears on the third line of the display.
To change the line on which the first selected byte appears:
1. Open fts.ini (located in the C:\User\Public\Public Documents\Frontline Test
Equipment\)
2. Go to the [CVEventDisplay] section
3. Change the value for SelectionOffset.
4. If you want the selection to land on the top line of the display, change the SelectionOffset to 0 (zero).
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5.1.10 Subtleties of Timestamp Searching
Timestamping can be turned on and off while data is being captured. As a result, the capture buffer may have
some data with a timestamp, and some data without. When doing a search by timestamp, the analyzer ignores all
data without a timestamp.
Note: The raw timestamp value is the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since the
beginning of January 1, 1601. This is standard Windows time.
5.2 Bookmarks
Bookmarks are electronic sticky notes that you attach to frames of interest so they can be easily found later. In
Frame Display bookmarked frames appear with a magenta triangle icon next to them.
Figure 5.13 - Bookmarked Frame (3) in the Frame Display
In the Event Display bookmarks appear as a dashed line around the start of frame
marker.
Bookmarks are easy to create and maintain, and are a very valuable tool for data analysis.
When you create or modify a bookmark, you have up to 84 characters to explain a
problem, leave yourself a reminder, leave someone else a reminder, etc. Once you create a bookmark it will be
saved with the rest of the data in the .cfa file. When you open a .cfa file, the bookmarks are available to you.
Once you have created a bookmark, you can use the Find function or other navigation methods to locate and
move among them.
5.2.1 Adding, Modifying or Deleting a Bookmark
You can add, modify, or delete a bookmarks from Frame Display and Event Display
Add:
1. Select the frame or event you want to bookmark.
2. There are three ways to access the Add Bookmark dialog.
a. Select Add or Modify Bookmark from the Bookmarks menu on the Frame Display and
Event Display,
b.
Select the Add or Modify Bookmark icon on one of the toolbars, or
c. Right-click on the frame/event and choosing Add Bookmark….
3. In the dialog box, add a comment (up to 84 characters) in the text box to identify the bookmark.
4. Click OK.
Once you create a bookmark it will be saved with the rest of the data in the .cfa file. When you open a .cfa file, the
bookmarks are available to you.
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Modify
1. Select the frame or event with the bookmark to be edited.
2. There are three ways to access the Add/Modfy Bookmark dialog.
a. Select Add or Modify Bookmark from the Bookmarks menu on the Frame Display and
Event Display'
b.
Select the Add or Modify Bookmark icon on one of the toolbars, or
c. Right-click on the frame/event and choosing Modify Bookmark… on the selection.
3. Change the comment in the dialog box
4. Click OK. The edited bookmark will be saved as a part of the .cfa file.
5.
You can also select Display All Bookmarks from the Frame Display and Event Display toolbar
or the Bookmarks menu. the Find window will open on the Bookmark tab. Select the bookmark you
want to modify and click the Modify… button. Change the comment in the dialog box, and click OK.
Delete
1. Select the frame or event with the bookmark to be deleted.
2. There are three ways to access the Add/Modfy Bookmark dialog.
a. Select Add or Modify Bookmark from the Bookmarks menu on the Frame Display and
Event Display,
b.
Select the Add or Modify Bookmark icon on one of the toolbars, or
c. Right-click on the frame/event and choosing Modify Bookmark… on the selection.
3. Click on the Delete button. The bookmark will be deleted.
4.
You can also select Display All Bookmarks from the Frame Display and Event Display toolbar
or the Bookmarks menu. the Find window will open on the Bookmark tab. Select the bookmark you
want to delete and click the Delete button.
5.2.2 Displaying All and Moving Between Bookmarks
There are three ways to move between bookmarks.
1. Press the F2 key to move to the next frame or event with a bookmark.
2. Select Go to Next Bookmark from the Bookmarks menu.
3.
Click the Display All Bookmarks icon . Select the bookmark you want to move to and click the Go To
button, or simply double-click on the bookmark. Click the Move Forward and Move Back buttons to cycle
through the bookmarks.
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Figure 5.14 - Find Window Bookmark tab Used to Move Around With Bookmarks
To delete a bookmark, select it and click the Delete button.
To modify a bookmark, select it and click the Modify button.
Click Remove All to delete all the bookmarks.
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Chapter 6 Saving and Importing Data
6.1 Saving Your Data
You can save all or part of the data that you have captured. You can also load a previously saved capture file, and
save a portion of that file to another file. This feature is useful if someone else needs to see only a portion of the
data in your capture file.
On the Control window toolbar you can set up to capture a single file. Click here to see those settings.
There are two ways to save portions or all of the data collected during a data capture. Click here to see how to
capture data to disk.
6.1.1 Saving the Entire Capture File
This option is only available when you select Single File from the Capture Mode on System Settings. Click
here to learn more about selecting Save options from System Settings.
1.
If you are capturing data, click on the Stop Capture icon to stop data capture. You cannot save data to
file while it is being captured.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
3.
Click the Save icon, or select Save from the File menu.
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Figure 6.1 - Windows Save dialog
4. Type a file name in the File name box at the bottom of the screen.
5. Browse to select a specific directory. Otherwise your file is saved in the default capture file directory.
6. When you are finished, click OK.
6.1.2 Saving the Entire Capture File with Save Selection
1.
If you are capturing data, click on the Stop icon to stop data capture. You cannot save data to file while
it is being captured.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window.
3. Right click in the data
4. Select Save Selection or Save As from the right click
menu.
5. Click on the radio button labeled Entire File.
6. Choose to save Events or Frames . Choosing to save
Events saves the entire contents of the capture file.
Choosing to save Frames does not save all events in the
capture file.
7. Type a file name in the As box at the bottom of the screen.
Click the Browse icon to browse to a specific directory.
Otherwise your file is saved in the default capture file
directory.
8. When you are finished, click OK.
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6.1.3 Saving a Portion of a Capture File
1.
If you are capturing data, click on the Stop icon to pause data capture. You cannot save data to a file
while it is being captured.
2.
Open the Event Display or Frame Display window, depending on whether you want to
specify a range in bytes or in frames.
3. Select the portion of the data that you want to save. Click and drag to select data, or click on the first item,
move to the last item and Shift+Click to select the entire range, or use the Shift key with the keyboard
arrows or the navigation icons in the Frame Display toolbar. If the range you want to save is too large to
select, note the numbers of the first and last item in the range.
4. Right click in the data
5. Select Save Selection or Save As from the right click
menu
6. Click on the radio button labeled Selection. If you selected
a range, make sure the starting and ending numbers are
correct. To specify a range, type the numbers of the first
and last items in the range in the boxes.
7. Select either Events or Frames to indicate whether the
numbers are event or frame numbers.
8. Type a file name in the As box at the bottom of the screen.
Click the Browse icon to browse to a specific directory.
Otherwise your file is saved in the default capture file
directory.
9. Click OK when you are finished.
6.2 Adding Comments to a Capture File
The Notes feature allows you to add comments to a CFA file. These comments can be used for many purposes.
For example, you can list the setup used to create the capture file, record why the file is useful to keep, or include
notes to another person detailing which frames to look at and why. (Bookmarks are another useful way to record
information about individual frames.)
To open the Notes window :
1.
Click the Show Notes icon . This icon is present on the toolbars of the Frame Display , as well
as the Event Display . Notes can be selected from the Edit menu on one of these windows.
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