Teledyne Merlin II User Manual
3385 Scott Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Tel: +1/408.727.6600 Fax: +1/408.727.6622
CATC Merlin II
™
Bluetooth™ Protocol Analyzer
User’s Manual
Manual Revision 2.50
For Software Version 2.50
18 July, 2004
Merlin II Protocol Analyzer User’s ManualCATC SW Version 2.50
Document Disclaimer
The information contained in this document has been carefully checked and
is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility can be assumed for
inaccuracies that may not have been detected.
CATC reserves the right to revise the information presented in this
document without notice or penalty.
Trademarks and Servicemarks
CATC, Merlin II, BTTracer, BTTrainer, Merlin, Merlin’s Wand, Merlin
Mobile, and BusEngine are trademarks of Computer Access Technology
Corporation.
Microsoft, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 98SE, Windows ME, and
Windows XP are registered trademarks of Microsoft Inc.
All other trademarks are property of their respective companies.
Copyright
Copyright © 2004, Computer Access Technology Corporation (CATC); All
Rights Reserved.
Portions of this product are supplied courtesy of Richard Herveille.
Copyright (c) 2002, 2003 Richard Herveille, rherveille@opencores.org. All
rights reserved.
This document may be printed and reproduced without additional
permission, but all copies should contain this copyright notice.
FCC Conference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class A digital device and an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15 of the
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely
to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at their own expense. The end user of this product
should be aware that any changes or modifications made to this equipment
without the approval of CATC could result in the product not meeting the
Class A limits, in which case the FCC could void the user's authority to
operate the equipment.
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Merlin II Protocol Analyzer User’s ManualCATC SW Version 2.50
Important Notice: To comply with FCC RF exposure requirements
(sections 1.1307 and 1.310 of the Rules) only the antenna supplied by
CATC must be used for this device. The anten na must be loca ted at least 20
cm away from all persons.
FCC Testing applies to FCC ID: KH7BT006UAA-X.
EU Conference Statement
This equipment complies with the R&TT Directive 1999/5/EC. It has been
tested and found to comply with EN55022:1994/A1:1995/A2:1997 Class A,
EN61000-4-2:1995, EN61000-4-3:1995, EN61000-4-4:1995,
EN61000-4-5:1995, EN61000-4-6:1995, EN61000-4-11:1994,
EN61010-1:1993, and ESTI EN 300 328-1 V1.2.2 (2000-07).
Manual Version 2.50 Part number: 730-0055-00
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Bluetooth™ Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Automation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Physical Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Display Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Recording Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Bluetooth BusEngine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Power Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Radio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Recording Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Host Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Chapter 2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
System Components/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Analyzer LED Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Rear Panel Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Setting Up the Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Installing the Analyzer Software on the PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Your First Bluetooth Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Inquiry Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
External Interface Breakout Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Connecting the Breakout Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Configuring the Analyzer for the Breakout Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Chapter 3 Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Update Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Automatic Updates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Software, Firmware, and BusEngine Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Software Updates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
License Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Updating the Software License. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Chapter 4 Software Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
The Main Display Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Toolbar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Status Bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Recording Progress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Status Bar Position Definitions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
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Recording Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Analyzer Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Search Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Zooming In and Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Zoom In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Zoom Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Tool Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Merlin II Analyzer Keyboard Shortcuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Chapter 5 Recording Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Starting Recording Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Recording a Traffic on a New Piconet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Recording an Existing Piconet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Recording in Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Recording in Reduced Hopping Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Recording in Single Frequency Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Chapter 6 Recording Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Recording Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Piconet recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Inquiry recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
UT:HCI mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 6
Opening the Recording Options Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Recording Options - General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 7
Recording type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Buffer Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Trigger Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Debug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Recording Options - Piconet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Frequency Hopping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Synchronization Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Recording When Already Synchronized. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
When to Use the Different Piconet Recording Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Loss of Sync Timeout (1-30 secs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Force Re-synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Show Paging Traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Follow Anonymity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Advanced ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Recording Options - HCI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
Recording Options - Inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Recording Options - Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Payload Length Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Recording Options - Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Action Buttons - Their Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Blue Dot Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2
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Saving Recording Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Recording Bluetooth Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Taking "Snapshots" during a Long Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Chapter 7 Display Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
General Display Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
Setting Color, Formatting, and Hiding Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Setting Color Display Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Changing Field Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Hiding Display Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Level Hiding Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Level Hiding Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Saving Display Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Chapter 8 Reading a CATC Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Trace View Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Interpreting the Displayed Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Timing Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Tooltips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Set Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Edit or Clear Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Setting Markers While Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Adding Comments to a Trace File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Expanded and Collapsed Data Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Hide Frequency Hops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Hide Nulls and Polls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Menus in Clicked Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Hide Unassociated Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Hide Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Hide Duplicated Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Chapter 9 Searching Traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Search Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Go to Trigger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Go to Packet/Message/Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Go to Marker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Go to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Soft Bit Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Loss of Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Find . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Event Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Union, Intersection, and Exclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Using Find. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Find Next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Chapter 10 Decoding Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
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LMP and L2CAP Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Decoding and Viewing Higher Protocol Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Decoding Via the Decoding Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Decoding Via the Display Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Tooltips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Viewing Packets in LMP and L2CAP Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Types of LMP and L2CAP Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Viewing L2CAP Channel Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Viewing Protocol Messages and Transactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Viewing L2CAP Messages in Protocol Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
How to Decode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Expanding Protocol Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Decoding via the Profiles Toolbar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Changing Protocol Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Using the Decoding Assignments Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
Removing User-Assigned Protocol Assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
Manually Assigning Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
Other Assignments: OBEX Client/Server Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
Changing an OBEX Client or Server Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Decoding BNEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Decoding HID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Other Decoding Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
Configuring Merlin II for Encryption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
Re-applying Encryption Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
Chapter 11 Reports & Exporting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Combining Report Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Device List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Traffic Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
Error Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
Bus Utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Real-Time Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
Real-Time Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
File Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
Timing Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
Exporting Trace Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
Exporting To Text Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160
Exporting Trace Data to a .CSV Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160
Exporting Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
Appendix A: Merlin II Clock Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
Appendix B: HCI Probe Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Connecting the HCI Probe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
2-port RS232 to USB converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
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Appendix C: Export Audio Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
File Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
RIFF Chunk Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
Format Chunk - "fmt " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
Data Chunk - "data" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
How to Contact CATC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Limited Hardware Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
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1. Overview
The CATC Merlin II™ Protocol Analyzer is the newest member of CATC's
industry-leading line of high performance, Bluetooth protocol analyzers.
Preceded by CATC’s BTTracer™, Merlin™ and Merlin Mobile™
Analyzers, Merlin II has been designed using the same modular architecture
that made its predecessors highly successful in the serial bus protocol
analyzer market worldwide.
1.1 Bluetooth™ Overview
The Bluetooth wireless technology is set to revolutionize the personal
connectivity market by providing freedom from wired connections. It is a
specification for a small-form factor, low-cost radio solution providing links
between mobile computers, mobile phones and other portable handheld
devices, and connectivity to the internet.
The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), comprised of leaders in the
telecommunications, computing, and network industries, is driving
development of the technology and bringing it to market. The Bluetooth
SIG includes promoter companies 3Com, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Lucent,
Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia and Toshiba, and more than 2500 SIG
members.
Bluetooth is a radio technology specification designed to transmit both
voice and data wirelessly, providing an easier way for a variety of mobile
computing, communications and other devices to communicate with one
another without the need for cables. Bluetooth could make possible what is
being called the personal-area network by allowing users to transmit small
amounts of data at 1M bit/sec with a range of 10 to 100 meters, depending
the power of the radio, over the 2.4-GHz radio frequency. The key benefits
of the Bluetooth technology are robustness, low complexity, low power and
low cost. Bluetooth employs a rapid frequency hopping mechanism to
minimize the effects of ‘collisions’ with other protocols and devices
operating in the same frequency band. Mechanisms exist for a Bluetooth
device to determine all devices in range as well as to request connection to
a piconet as either a master or a slave.
Please refer to the Bluetooth Specification, version 1.2 for details on the
protocol. The Bluetooth specification is available from the Bluetooth SIG at
its web site http://www.bluetooth.org/
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1.2 General Description
The Merlin II Protocol Analyzer is designed as a stand-alone unit that can
be easily configured and controlled by a portable or desktop PC connected
via its USB port. Merlin II provides users with the familiar ‘CATC Trace’
user interface that is the de facto industry standard for documenting the
performance of high-speed serial protocols.
Merlin II supports the functionality required to analyze all levels, including
the baseband, of the Bluetooth wireless protocol. The featured Radio
Interface allows users to probe and analyze transactions at the lowest level
within the Bluetooth architecture. By creating this "Point of Observation" or
probing point within the radio level packet view, the user can analyze all
levels of the protocol stack.
Merlin II is a non-intrusive testing tool for Bluetooth piconets providing
network traffic capture and analysis. Hardware triggering allows real-time
events to be captured from a piconet. Hardware filtering allows the filtering
out of fields, packets, and errors from the recording. Filtering allows users
to focus recordings on events of interest and to preserve recording memory
so that the recording time can be extended.
Recorded data is presented in colored graphics in a trace viewer application.
This application has advanced search and viewing capabilities that allow the
user to quickly locate specific data, errors and other conditions, thereby
focussing the user’s attention on events of interest.
Merlin II functions with any personal computer using the Windows 98SE,
Windows 2000, Windows ME, or Windows XP operating systems and
equipped with a functional USB interface. For an updated set of system
requirements for the host machine, please refer to the readme file.
The Analyzer is configured and controlled through a personal computer
USB port. It can be used with portable computers for field service and
maintenance as well as with desktop units in a development environment.
The Analyzer is easily installed by connecting a cable between the
computer’s USB port and the Analyzer’s USB port.
Merlin II provides on-the-fly detection of and triggering on such events as
Packet Headers and Errors. Whether recording manually or with a specified
trigger condition, Merlin II continuously records the bus data in a
wrap-around fashion until manually stopped or until the Trigger Event is
detected and a specified post-Trigger amount of bus data is recorded.
Upon detection of a triggering event, the analyzer continues to record data
up to a point specified by the user. Real-time detection of events can be
individually enabled or disabled to allow triggering on events as they
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happen. This includes predefined exception or error conditions and a
user-defined set of trigger events. The unit can also be triggered by an
externally supplied signal. The breakout board provides a path for externally
supplied trigger or timing data to be recorded along with bus traffic.
The breakout board also provides a path for Merlin II to transmit a trigger
signal.
The Merlin II software provides powerful search functions that enable
investigation of particular events and allow the software to identify and
highlight specific events. In addition to immediate analysis, you can print
any part of the data. Use the Save As feature to save the data on disk for later
viewing. The program also provides a variety of timing information and
data analysis reports.
1.3 Automation
The Merlin II software includes an Application Program Interface (API) for
developing testing programs and scripts in C++ and Visual Basic. The API
reproduces most of the commands embodied in the Merlin II trace viewer
software. This API allows users to automate procedures that otherwise have
to be run manually via the trace viewer software. The Automation API can
be run locally on the PC attached to Merlin II or remotely over a network
connection.
For further details, refer to the Automation API for CATC Bluetooth
Analyzers reference manual included in the installation CD-ROM. You can
also download the document from the CATC website.
1.4 Features
General
• Small form factor for mobility and easy placement.
• Flexible design - reconfigurable hardware for future enhancements.
• User friendly - the Graphical User Interface software of Merlin II
Analyzer is designed to be consistent with the ‘CATC Trace’ using color
and graphics to display Bluetooth traffic.
• Radio Level Point of Observation and Capture - traffic capture at the
Radio Level for comprehensive analysis.
• Complies with Bluetooth v1.2 specification.
• Supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint Bluetooth piconets.
• Spool data to hard drive allowing for long recording sessions.
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• Automatic tracking of ESCO and Anonymity Modes.
• Supports 79 frequency hop standards, reduced frequency, fixed
frequency, and AFH.
• Automatic tracking of changes in the hopping scheme.
• Automatic tracking of whitened and non-whitened packets and traffic.
• Real time viewing of events and statistics.
• Free non-recording, view-only software available.
• Power-on self-diagnostics.
• Compliant with FCC class A requirements / meets all CE mark
requirements.
• Three year warranty and hot-line customer support.
Physical Components
Note For an updated description of requirements for the host machine, please refer to
the readme file.
• External small "power brick." Can also be powered by PS/2 power cable.
• Trace viewer software support for Microsoft Windows versions 98SE
and later.
Display Options
• Analyzes and displays a transaction-level view of piconet traffic with
accurate time-stamps and frequency hop information.
• Software analysis and data presentation at several protocol levels:
Baseband, LMP, HCI, L2CAP, SDP, RFCOMM, TCS, OBEX, HDLC,
BNEP, PPP, AT, HCRP, IP, TCP, UDP, HID, AVCTP, and AVDTP.
• Supports the following profiles: GAP, CIP, CTP, HCRP, HID, Intercom
Profile, LPP, PAN, SDAP, SPP, UDI, DUN, FAX, GEOP, HF, HP,
LAN, PAP, SAP, VCP, BPP, BIP, FTP, OPP, Synchronization Profile,
GAVDP, A2DP, AVRCP, VDP
Recording Options
• Flexible advanced triggering capabilities including - multiple triggering
modes, selective views, timing analysis, search functions, protocol
packet errors, transaction errors, packet type and destination device, data
patterns, or any of these trigger types in combination.
• User defined trigger position.
• Support for various piconet characteristics by enabling the user to
configure the synchronization method and recording parameters.
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• Real-time hardware filtering of captured traffic for optimizing analyzer
memory usage.
Bluetooth BusEngine
CATC’s BusEngine™ Technology is at the heart of the new Merlin II
Analyzer. The revolutionary BusEngine core uses state-of-the-art FPGA
technology and incorporates both the real-time recording engine and the
configurable building blocks that implement data/state/error detection,
triggering, capture filtering, external signal monitoring and event counting
& sequencing. And like the flash-memory-based firmware that controls its
operation, all BusEngine logic is fully field upgradeable, using
configuration files that can be downloaded from the CATC Website.
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1.5 Specifications
Package
Width: 6.05 inches (15.5 cm)
Depth: 3.0 inches (7.6 cm)
Height: 1.07 inches (2.7 cm)
Weight: 8.8 oz (246 grams)
Power Requirements
5V, 800mA
The provided external power supply operates on 100V-240V AC 50Hz - 60A
Connectors: DC power connection (for connecting the external power
supply or the PS/2 power cable)
Mini DIN
Host connection (USB, type ’B’)
Antenna (reverse polarity SMA)
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Radio
Bluetooth v1.1 qualified
Class 2
FCC and CE compliant
Environmental Conditions
Operating Range: 0 to 55 °C (32 to 131 °F)
Storage Range: -20 to 80 °C (-4 to 176 °F)
Humidity: 10 to 90%, non-condensing
LEDs
Status (STATUS) Illuminates blue when the analyzer is functioning properly
Synchronized (SYNC):
Flashes yellow during acquisition of the traffic hop
sequence, illuminates when analyzer is locked to the hop
sequence.
Recording (REC): Illuminates green when analyzer is actively recording data.
Recording Size
Internal 32 MB and Disk spooling capabilities provide large virtual memory for
long for recording sessions
Host Compatibility
Requires a PC with a USB port
Supports Windows 98/ME/NT/2000
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2. Installation
The Merlin II Protocol Analyzer components and software are easily
installed and quickly ready to run on most Windows-based personal
computer systems. You can begin making Bluetooth recordings after
following these initial steps.
2.1 System Components/Packing List
• One stand-alone Merlin II Analyzer
• One Antenna
• One External Interface Breakout Board with a Mini DIN cable
• One External Power Supply
• One PS/2 Power Cable
• One USB cable
• Merlin II software program installation CD
• User’s Manual
2.2 Analyzer LED Descriptions
The Merlin II analyzer has three LEDs. From left to right, these LEDs are:
A Blue Status indicator LED Blinks fast during initialization/power up.
Stead on if unit is functioning properly. Blinks slowly if a self-test fails..
B Yellow Sync (Synchronize) LED (Flashing indicates that the analyzer is
tracking the defined slave or master device. Illuminated indicates that
the analyzer is tracking an active piconet.)
C Green Rec (recording) LED (lights when the unit is recording).
2.3 Rear Panel Description
USB type "B" host computer connector
This connector links the analyzer to the PC that will be administering it.
Mini DIN Connector
This connector allows the analzyer to transmit and receive external signals
via a mini DIN cable to a Break Out Board for the purpose of triggering on
external input signals and for clock calibration.
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Power connector for external power supply
This connectors is used to attach the external power supply or for
connecting the analyzer with the provided PS/2 cable from a mouse or
keyboard serial port on the PC or laptop. The PS/2 cable is a pass-through
type that allows you to connect the cable to the PC and then plug the mouse
or keyboard into the back of the PS/2 cable.
2.4 Setting Up the Analyzer
To set up a Merlin II system,
Step 1 Attach the Antenna to the ANT connection point on the analyzer.
The antenna should point up.
Step 2 Connect the provided external power supply to the analyzer and then
to a 100-volt to 240-volt, 50 Hz to 60 Hz, 100 W power outlet.
Alternatively, you can connect the PS/2 cable into the analyzer and
one of your PS/2 ports (i.e. keyboard or mouse ports). The keyboard
or mouse would then plug into the back of the PS/2 cable.
Note At power-on, the analyzer initializes itself in approximately ten seconds and
performs an exhaustive self-diagnostic that lasts about five seconds. The status
LED flashes during the power-on testing and turns on steadily if the unit is
functioning properly when testing is finished. If the diagnostics fail, the status
LED blinks slowly, indicating a hardware failure. If this occurs, call CATC
Customer Support for assistance.
Step 3 Connect the USB cable between the USB port on the back of the
analyzer and a USB port on the analyzing PC.
The host operating system detects the analyzer and begins to install the USB
driver.
2.5 Installing the Analyzer Software on the PC
Once Merlin II has been recognized as a USB device, install the Merlin II
software on the PC administering the analyzer.
Step 1 Insert the Merlin II Suit e C D into the CD ROM dr ive of th e
PC that will be administering the Analyzer.
Step 2 Follow Windows on-screen Plug-and-Play instructions for the
automatic installation of the Merlin I I Analyzer as a USB device on
your analyzing PC (the required USB files are included on the
Merlin II CD.
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Step 3 Select Install Software from the installation CD and follow the
on-screen installation instructions.
The Merlin II application will install on the PC hard disk.
Step 4 To start the application, launch the CATC Merlin II program from
the Start Menu: Start>Programs>CATC>Merlin II.
The Merlin II program opens.
The window shows a menu bar and toolbar at the top, a grey trace viewing
area covering most of the window, and a status bar at the bottom.
Opening a sample trace will cause most of the buttons on the toolbar to
become active.
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To open a trace,
Step 1 Select File > Open from the menu. A dialog box opens.
Step 2 Select a file from the dialog box and click Open. A trace opens in
the main viewing area. When traffic has been recorded, it will
display here.
Note The software may be used with or without the analyzer box. When used without
an analyzer box attached to the computer, the program functions as a Trace
Viewer to view, analyze, and print captured protocol traffic.
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2.6 Your First Bluetooth Recording
After installing and launching the software, you can test Merlin II by
creating an inquiry recording. In this test, Merlin II will issue a General
Inquiry that asks local devices to identify themselves. Merl in II then records
the responses.
Inquiry Recording
To create an inquiry recording, perform the following steps:
Step 1 Click the down-arrow on the right side of the
Record:Piconet button on the toolbar .
A sub-menu appears with options for Piconet Recording Mode, and Inquiry
Recording Mode.
Step 2 Select Inquiry Recording Mode.
The button changes appearance and shows the label Record: Inquiry
Step 3 From the menu, select Setup > Recording Options.
The Recording Options dialog opens with the Inquiry page displaying.
Step 4 If desired, make any changes to the options, then click OK.
Step 5 Click the button (i.e. not the down-arrow.)
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Merlin II starts to record the Bluetooth traffic immediately using the settings from
the Piconet page in the Recording Options dialog . The Bluetoo th Inquiry p rocess
will proceed for whatever amount of time is set for creating an Inquiry action (the
default is 11 seconds). After the inquiry time has elapsed, the analyzer will upload
the data and display the packets. In addition, the Device List window will open
and display the updated statuses of the devices.
The screen should look like the sample recording below which shows the FHS
packets generated during the Inquiry process.
When the recording session is finished, the bus traffic is saved to the hard driv e as
a file named data.tfb or whatever name you assign as the default filename. While
the file is bei ng saved, you should see a brown progre ss bar at the bottom of the
screen. When the bar turns white, it indicates that the data has been saved to dis k.
Step 6 To save a current recording for future use, select File > Save As or
click on the tool bar.
You see the standard Save As screen.
Step 7 Give the recording a name and save it to the appropriate directory.
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2.7 External Interface Breakout Board
The External Interface Breakout Board is an accessory that allows standard,
LV TTL signals to be connected to the analyzer for triggering. The breakout
board consists of two BNC connectors for "EXT IN" and "EXT OUT"
signals. The EXT IN connector can be used to import trigger signals from
other devices. the EXT OUT connector can be used to export trigger signals
to trigger other devices such as oscilloscopes or logic analyzers or to export
the external clock for clock calibration using a frequency counter (see
Appendix A).
Drive strength for all outputs is about 30mA high (@2V) and 60 mA low
(@0.5V). Inputs can handle 0 to 5.5V. Inputs above 2V are detected as logic
high; inputs below 0.8V are detected as logic low.
The analyzer connects to the first of three mini DIN ports ("Port 1") on the
Breakout Board. Each signaling pin is isolated by a 100Ω series resistor and
a buffer inside the Analyzer unit.
Please make sure that the jumpers JP1 and JP2 on the breakout board are set
to Position 1.
Mini DIN connectors on the back of the Break-out board.
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Connecting the Breakout Board
Merlin II with power supply (left) and Breakout board (right).
The photograph above shows a fully connected Merlin II.
The following connections can be seen: Left: Power supply connected to
the power port on the analyzer. Center: Mini DIN cable leading to Port 1
of the breakout board. USB cable leading to an offscreen PC. Right: BNC
cable leading from the Breakout board to an offscreen device on the left.
Configuring the Analyzer for the Breakout Board
To configure the analyzer for the breakout board, see section "Save External
Interface Signals" on page 68, and section "External Input Signals" on page
88.
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3. Updates
BusEngine and Firmware updates often need to be performed when you
update the Merlin II software. These updates can be performed
automatically or manually. Both processes are described.
3.1 Update Files
Update files are installed with the Merlin II software during the installation
procedure and reside in the local directory of the analyzer application.
During the update process, the files are taken from this location.
The following update files are provided with each release:
BusEngine - For updating the hardware logic (has an *.bin extension).
Firmware- For updating the platform firmware (has an *.hex extension).
3.2 Automatic Updates
When you update the analyzer software, the software may become
incompatible with the BusEngine and Firmware. After the analyzer is
powered on, the analyzer will display an error message telling you that it
needs to update the Firmware and/or BusEngine. When you click OK, the
update process takes place automatically.
To update the BusEngine and/or Firmware, follow these steps:
Step 1 If needed, update the analyzer software, following the steps outlined
in "Software Updates."
Step 2 Turn on the analyzer.
Because the BusEngine and/or the Firmware ar e in compatib le with
the current analyzer software version, an error message appears
showing your current versions and indicating what versions you
need to install.
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Step 3 Click Yes.
The update process begins.
When the update has finished, a message such as the following
appears and tells you that the update is complete. The example
below follows a BusEngine update.
Step 4 Click OK.
Manual Updates
If you prefer, you can manually update the Firmware, and/or BusEngine
through the 'Analyzer Setup' dialog. To do this follow these steps:
Step 1 Select from the menu: Setup > Update BE/FW ....
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The Update Analyzer dialog box opens.
Step 2 Select the one of the entity that you want to update from the list.
Step 3 If needed, browse to the application directory to locate the Update
files.
Step 4 Click the Update button.
At this time, the application would start the update process. A
progress bar in the dialog would show the progress of the update
process.
Please note that in some cases this process can take several minutes
to complete.
Step 5 When a the application notifies that the update process is done, you
may need to cycle the analyzer's power to cause the program to take
effect, or you may need to unplug and then reconnect the USB cable
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between the analyzer and the computer to cause the new firmware
upgrade to take effect.
3.3 Software, Firmware, and BusEngine Versions
The Readme.html file on the installation CD and on the installed directory
on your hard drive. This file gives last-minute updates about the current
release. Included with each release are the most recent downloadable
images of the Firmware and the BusEngine.
Once the Merlin II has completed the self diagnostics and is connected to
the PC, you can check the latest version of the software and BusEngine.
To check information about the current software, select
About Merlin II … from the Help menu.
The About Merlin II window appears.
About Merlin II details revisions of the following software and hardware:
• Software Version and Build Number
• Product Name
• Firmware Version
• BusEngine Version
• Unit Serial Number
Note When contacting CATC for technical support, please have available
all the revisions reported in the About Merlin II window.
3.4 Software Updates
When a new software release is available, it is posted on the Support page
of the CATC website at
www.catc.com/support.html.
The software is also available on CD from CATC.
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Updating from CD-ROM
To update the software from CD-ROM, follow these steps:
Step 1 Load the CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive
Step 2 An install screen opens.
Step 3 Click Install Software and follow the onscreen instructions.
Updating from the CATC Website
Step 1 Open a web browser and navigate to www.catc.com.
Step 2 Find the latest released software version on the CATC website under
Support at the link shown at the top of the page.
If you are running the latest version of the software, no further
action is needed.
If you are not running the latest version.
Step 3 Download the software from the CATC website.
Step 4 If downloading from the web, unzip the files into your choice of
directory.
Step 5 Click Start, then Run, and browse to where you unzipped the files.
Step 6 Select the program named Setup and click Open.
Step 7 Click OK to run the Setup and begin the installation.
Step 8 Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.
Step 9 Read the Readme file for important information on changes in the
release.
3.5 License Information
Licensing information for Merlin II can be viewed by selecting Display
Information from the Help menu. The License window provides
maintenance expiration and features data for Merlin II.
Updating the Software License
A License key is necessary to enable software maintenance.
A license is granted with the purchase of an analyzer. Thereafter, you must
renew your license if you wish to continue receiving support. You obtain a
new License Key from CATC. Once the License Key is obtained, follow
these steps to install it:
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