Teledyne FlexRay Trigger User Manual
FLEXRAY
TRIGGER,DECODE,ANDPHYSICALLAYERTEST
Operator’sManual
MARCH,2008
LeCroy Corporation
700 Chestnut Ridge Road
Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977–6499
Tel: (845) 578 6020, Fax: (845) 578-5985
Internet:
© 2008 by LeCroy Corporation. All rights reserved.
LeCroy, ActiveDSO, JitterTrack, WavePro, WaveMaster, WaveSurfer, WaveLink, WaveExpert, and Waverunner
are registered trademarks of LeCroy Corporation. Other product or brand names are tradem arks or requested
trademarks of their respective holders. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
www.lecroy.com
Manufactured under an ISO 9000 Registered
Quality Management System
Visit www.lecroy.com
to view the certificate.
FlexRay-TDP-OM-E Rev B
916006 Rev A
This electronic product is subject to disposal and
recycling regulations that vary by country and
region. Many countries prohibit the disposal of
waste electronic equipment in standard waste
receptacles.
For more information about proper disposal and
recycling of your LeCroy product, please visit
www.lecroy.com/recycle
.
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................4
Overview....................................................................................................................................................................4
TheTDPSeriesSoftware............................................................................................................................................5
TheTDSeriesSoftware..............................................................................................................................................6
TheDSeriesSoftware................................................................................................................................................7
TECHNICALOVERVIEWOFD,TD,ANDTDPOPTIONS............................................................................8
FlexRayTrigger...........................................................................................................................................................8
FlexRayDecode..........................................................................................................................................................8
FlexRayPhysicalLayer................................................................................................................................................8
USINGTHETRIGGER,DECODEANDPHYSICALLAYERTOOLSETS...........................................................................9
FlexRayTriggering......................................................................................................................................................9
AccessingtheFlexRayTrigger....................................................................................................................................9
CreatingaFlexRayTriggerCondition.........................................................................................................................9
TriggerSetupDetail.................................................................................................................................................10
SourceSetup......................................................................................................................................................................10
FlexRayBitRateSetup.......................................................................................................................................................10
TriggerTypeSelection........................................................................................................................................................10
SetupFormat.....................................................................................................................................................................10
FrameTriggerSetup..........................................................................................................................................................10
SymbolTriggerSetup.........................................................................................................................................................11
ErrorTriggerSetup.............................................................................................................................................................12
FlexRayDecoding.....................................................................................................................................................12
DecodeandDecodeSetup.......................................................................................................................................12
SerialDecode(Summary)DialogBox.................................................................................................................................13
DecodeSetupDialogBox...................................................................................................................................................14
DecodeSetupDetail................................................................................................................................................16
ProtocolResultsTable.............................................................................................................................................17
SearchingforMessages...........................................................................................................................................18
EyeDiagramandMaskTestSetupDetail................................................................................................................19
InputSignalSetup..............................................................................................................................................................19
MaskTestSetup.................................................................................................................................................................19
MaskTestDisplay..............................................................................................................................................................20
PhysicalLayerMeasurementParameters...............................................................................................................20
PhysicalLayerMeasurementSetupDetail..............................................................................................................21
MeasurementParameterSetup........................................................................................................................................21
ViewingthePhysicalLayerMeasurements.............................................................................................................21
USINGTHEFLEXRAYPACKAGES:CHARACTERIZINGEMBEDDEDCONTROLLERPERFORMANCE....................................22
Overview............................................................................................................................... ...................................22
UsingCursors...........................................................................................................................................................23
UsingMeasurementParameters.............................................................................................................................23
MeasurementGating...............................................................................................................................................24
UsingStatisticsandGraphing..................................................................................................................................24
Pass/FailAnalysiswithMeasurementParameters..................................................................................................25
ISOLATEANDANALYZESERIALBUSACTIVITY.................................................................................................25
CaptureLongPre‐TriggerTime................................................................................................................................25
TriggerRepeatedly,SaveDatatoaHardDrive........................................................................................................26
TriggerRepeatedly,StoreallTriggers(SequenceMode)........................................................................................26
APPENDIXA–FLEXRAYBUSTDPANDTDSPECIFICATIONS............................................................................30
FlexRay-TDP=OM-E Rev A iii
INTRODUCTION
Several communication protocol types are used in automotive applications. They are used to send data from
sensors to electronic control units (ECUs) or from one ECU to another. These protocol types include Controller
Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN) and FlexRay. LIN is a low-cost master/slave system
designed for low-cost implementation in vehicles, typically in what is commonly referred to as “body electronics.”
FlexRay is a time-triggered automotive communications bus designed for highe r speeds and fault tolerance.
This manual focuses on the FlexRay TDP, TD and D products; LeCroy also has separate CAN and LIN products
and manuals.
Overview
FlexRay bus TDP, TD and D options contain powerful software algorithms which extract serial data information
from physical layer waveforms measured on your oscilloscope. The extracted information is overlaid (annotated)
on the actual physical layer waveforms, and color-coded to provide fast, intuitive understanding.
This is especially helpful for FlexRay, an emerging standard many engineers are just starting to use.
The FlexRaybus TDP and TD options allow triggering on TSS (Start), Frame, Symbol or Errors. Frame triggering
can be set conditionally to select a range of Frame ID values to trigger on, not just a single ID. Other powerful and
user-friendly features included in FlexRaybus trigger include:
• Ability to trigger and decode FlexRay protocol version 2.1 at 10 Mb/s, 5 Mb/s or 2.5 Mb/s
• Ability to create powerful Frame triggers including Cycle Count and Frame Qualifiers
• Triggering on FSS, BSS, FES, Header CRC and Payload CRC errors as well as CID, CAS/MTS and Wakeup
Pattern Symbols
The FlexRay TDP, TD and D Serial Data options are unique oscilloscope tools from LeCroy that greatly increase
your ability to debug and analyze embedded controllers that use FlexRay. The D products are Serial Deco de only,
and the TD products include Serial Trigger and Decode. The TDP product is the superset of all capabilities and
includes the Trigger, Decode and Physical layer test.
Physical layer test using the FlexRay TDP product consists of Eye Diagram Testing and Physical Layer Timing
Measurements. The FlexRay trigger is integrated into the oscilloscope – no external hardware is used – and is
selected through the normal oscilloscope trigger menus. FlexRay signals are sent to the oscilloscope using a
differential probe like the ADP305 or AP033. Decoding is accessed from the Analysis pull-down menu. The
decoding is overlaid on top of the appropriate channel, and is intuitively presented and color-coded for quick
understanding. Physical layer test including eye diagrams and measurement parameters are accessed through
the Physical Layer tab in the Decode Setup. All packages contain Search capability for specific IDs, Frames and
Errors and a Table displays summarized protocol data underneath the oscilloscope grid.
OMPATIBILITY
C
The FlexRay TDP and TD options are available for WaveRunner Xi oscilloscopes. The FlexRay D option is
available with WaveRunner 6000, WavePro 7000 and WaveMaster 8000 oscilloscopes.
The FlexRay specification is published by the FlexRay Consortium. As of the date of the printing of this manual
the FlexRay protocol specification is currently at V2.1 Rev A, accompanying this specification is the V2.1 Rev A
Errata V1 document. Separate specifications exist for the physical layer and data link layer.
SSUMPTIONS
A
This manual assumes a basic understanding of the FlexRay standard physical layer and protocol layer
specifications, and knowledge of how FlexRay is used. Also, a basic understanding of oscilloscope operation specifically the LeCroy oscilloscope which the FlexRay trigger, decode, and physical layer option is used with – is
assumed. Wherever practical or necessary, details on specific oscilloscope features have been includ ed in this
manual.
Note: LeCroy has a policy of frequently updating software. It is possible that screen images in this manual may not exactly match what you
see on your oscilloscope display. However, functionality is nearly identical.
4 FlexRay-TDP-OM-E Rev A
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
The TDP Series Software
The TDP option adds the following capability to the LeCroy oscilloscope software user interface dialogs:
1. Serial Trigger
Selection
2. Serial Decode If this is the first serial decode option
If this is the first serial trigger option you
have installed on your scope, an
additional icon appears in your trigger
dialog box. It allows a serial trigger
condition to be set from within the
oscilloscope using an easy-tounderstand interface.
you have installed on your scope, an
additional set of Serial Decode and
Decode Setup dialog boxes are
provided for setup of protocol format (as
necessary) and decoding. These can be
accessed from the Analysis menu.
3. Decode Protocol
Selections
4. Physical Layer Test Eye diagram and physical layer
FlexRay is one of several signal types
that can be decoded by the
oscilloscope. Other standards in I
SPI, UART, RS-232, CAN and LIN.
measurement parameters are accessed
through the Serial Decode setup by
selecting the Physical Layer Tab
2
C,
FlexRay-TDP-OM-E Rev A 5
The TD Series Software
The TD option adds the following capability to the LeCroy oscilloscope software user interface dialogs:
1. Serial Trigger Selection If this is the first serial trigger
option you have installed on
your scope, an additional icon
appears in your trigger dialog
box. It allows a serial trigger
condition to be set from within
the oscilloscope using an easyto-understand interface.
2. Serial Decode If this is the first serial decode
option you have installed on
your scope, an additional set of
Serial Decode and Decode
Setup dialog boxes are provided
for setup of protocol format (as
necessary) and decoding.
These can be accessed from
the Analysis menu.
3. Decode Protocol Selections FlexRay is one of several signal
types that can be decoded by
the oscilloscope. Other
standards in I
RS-232, CAN and LIN.
2
C, SPI, UART,
6 FlexRay-TDP-OM-E Rev A
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
The D Series Software
The D option adds the following capability to the LeCroy oscilloscope software user interface dialogs:
1. Serial Decode If this is the first serial decode
option you have installed on
your scope, an additional set of
Serial Decode and Decode
Setup dialog boxes are provided
for setup of protocol format (as
necessary) and decoding.
2. Decode Protocol Selections FlexRay is one of several signal
types that can be decoded by
the oscilloscope. Other
standards in I
RS-232, CAN and LIN.
2
C, SPI, UART,
FlexRay-TDP-OM-E Rev A 7
TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF D, TD, AND TDP OPTIONS
LeCroy’s offering of FlexRay trigger, decode and physical layer test options utilize advanced trigger circuitry and
advanced software algorithms to provide powerful capability for serial data triggering and decoding.
FlexRay Trigger
FlexRay TDP and TD options contain advanced serial data triggering. This serial data triggering is implemented
directly within the hardware of the oscilloscope acquisition system, and contains advanced algorithms to protocol
decode, recognize, and trigger on user-defined serial data patterns. This allows a recognized serial data pattern
to be used to trigger the oscilloscope at a pre-determined time, and other signals coincident with the desired serial
data pattern can be captured simultaneously.
FlexRay Decode
FlexRay TDP, TD and D options contain powerful protocol decoding and annotation software algorithms. The
software algorithm examines the embedded clock for each message based on a default (or user set) vertical
levels. The algorithm is intelligent in that it applies a hysteresis to the rising and falling edge of the serial data
signal to minimize the chance that perturbations or ringing on the edge affect the decoding. The default levels are
set to 30% and 70% and are determined from a measurement of peak amplitude of the signals acquired by the
oscilloscope. It can also be set to (absolute) voltage levels, if desired. The algorithm then performs an analysis of
the serial data message to determine the nominal bit width.
After determining bit width, a different algorithm performs a decoding of the serial data message into binary format
after separation of the underlying data into logical groups (TSS, FSS, Frame Qualifiers, ID, Payload Length, CRC,
Payload Length Code, Data, BSS, Data Length Codes, Data, FES, etc.). Finally, another algorithm provides the
appropriate color coding of the message, and displays the protocol message data on the screen, as desired,
overlaid on the source trace. Various compaction schemes are utilized to show the data durin g a long acquisition
(many hundreds or thousands of serial data messages) or a short acquisition (one FlexRay frame acqui sition). In
the case of the longest acquisition, only the most important information is highlighted. In the case of the shortest
acquisition, all information is displayed with additional highlighting of the complete message frame.
Note: Although the decoding algorithm is based on a clock extraction software algorithm using vertical levels, the results returned are the
same as those from a traditional protocol analyzer using sampling point-based decode. In addition, the clock extraction technique allows
partial decoding of messages in the event of physical layer noise, in many cases, whereas a protocol analyzer usually cannot. This is a
significant advantage for the LeCroy software algorithm.
If the sampling rate (SR) is insufficient to resolve the signal adequately based on the bit rate (BR) setup, then the
protocol decoding is turned OFF to protect the operator from incorrect data. The minimum SR:BR ratio required is
4:1. It is suggested to use a slightly higher SR:BR ratio if possible, and significantly higher SR:BR ratios if you
also want to view perturbations or other anomalies on your serial data analog signal.
FlexRay Physical Layer
FlexRay TDP contains a software algorithm which creates eye diagrams, performs mask testing and m easures
timing parameters as defined in the FlexRay specification. The algorithm creates eye diagrams by slicing up all
the bits transmitted in the FlexRay signal and superimposing each bit on to an eye diagram. The signal is sliced
based on measurements taken at the falling edge of the first Bytes Start Sequence (BSS) and the time between
consecutive BSS symbols. These measurements allow the algorithm to compute the rate of the embedded clock
and slice the FlexRay waveform in to sub-waveforms that are one bit in length. The clock uses a constant bitrate
specified by the user and is resynchronized on every BSS. These sub-waveforms are then scaled to fill 8
horizontal divisions on the oscilloscope and represent 1 Unit Interval (UI) in the eye diagram and superimpose d
on top of each other.
Mask testing can be performed on the eye diagram with masks defined at TP1 and TP4. The mask is aligned
horizontally by computing the time for a single UI and centering it on the display. The mask is centered vertically
around 0V.
Along with eye diagrams and mask testing the TDP option adds 4 FlexRay specific measurements to the
oscilloscope. These measurements are Propagation Delay, Asymmetric Delay, Truncation, and Jitter. They
are measured as defined in the FlexRay specification. These measurements characterize timing properties of the
propagation of signals along the communication channel.
8 FlexRay-TDP-OM-E Rev A
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
USING THE TRIGGER, DECODE AND PHYSICAL LAYER TOOLSETS
FlexRay Triggering
FlexRay triggering is easily accessible in a variety of ways. The TD and TDP options add an additional Serial
selection to the Trigger Type in the Trigger dialog. These dialogs are shared by all the low-speed serial protocol s
LeCroy offers. This is why all serial trigger selections are grouped in a common section with nearly identical
selection and setup procedures (if installed on the oscilloscope). These dialogs are conveniently accessed with
just one or two touches of the screen.
If you are not familiar with or are just learning about FlexRay, begin by using the simplest trigger conditions (TSS,
or Frame ID). Then, experiment with an ID + Count “Equal” to a specific value. Then, try a conditional ID + Cycle
Count trigger (ID “Greater Than” or “In Range”).
Accessing the FlexRay Trigger
The FlexRay serial trigger is accessed from the oscilloscope trigger dialog. This dialog can be accessed as
follows:
1. Touch the Trigger Descriptor Box in the lower right
corner of the oscilloscope display.
Or
Touch Trigger ÆTrigger Setup on the Menu Bar.
2. Touch Serial in the Type selection area.
3. Select the FlexRay trigger. The menu automatically
changes to a different tab on the Trigger dialog. The
tab is named after the serial trigger selected.
The image shown here is from an oscilloscope with
multiple serial data trigger options installed.
Creating a FlexRay Trigger Condition
The FlexRay Trigger dialog, with detail on some of the setup conditions, is shown on the following screen-shots.
FlexRay-TDP-OM-E Rev A 9
The Source Setup information must be defined. The datasheet for your part should contain the information you
need to properly setup the FlexRay Trigger.
Selection of Trigger Type results in dynamic changes to the FlexRay Trigger dialog.
To select a value for any of the conditions, touch the existing value (using your finger, or use a mouse pointer) to
open the pop-up dialog box with a list of choices, and select one of the choices.
Trigger Setup Detail
Source Setup
DATA – The pop-up dialog is used to select the appropriate channel or
EXT input. Ensure these selections are made correctly for proper trigger
functionality.
Threshold – Adjust the vertical level thresholds for the trigger. FlexRay
is a tri-level signal and requires the user to set 2 voltage thresholds to
enable the oscilloscope to distinguish between 1 and 0. Much like an
Edge trigger, a user must specify the level used in order to process the
incoming signals and determine whether the desired serial data pattern is
meeting the set trigger condition. For simplicity, an automated Find
Threshold function detects and sets appropriate thresholds.
FlexRay Bit Rate Setup
The FlexRay trigger can be configured to trigger on FlexRay signals at
2.5 Mb/s, 5 Mb/s and 10 Mb/s as defined in the FlexRay specification.
Trigger Type Selection
The FlexRay trigger can be configured to trigger on simple TSS (Start),
FlexRay Frame (ID, Cycle Count, Frame Qualifiers) or FlexRay Symbols
(CID, CAS/MTS and Wakeup Pattern). Error Frame triggering is also
supported for FSS, BSS and FES, Header CRC and Payload CRC
errors. Choose a Trigger Type and the dialog changes to correspond with
your selection.
Setup Format
Select either Binary or Hexadecimal setup format. The format selected
only affects the Frame ID. The cycle count trigger is always a Decimal
value from 0 to 63; the Frame Qualifiers are always Binary with choices of
1, 0, or Don’t Care.
Toggling back and forth between the formats does not result in loss of
information (binary is used internally as the core format for all triggering
and decoding operations), though use of don’t care bits in a binary setup
results in the display of an X (for a full nibble don’t care) or a $ (for a
partial nibble don’t care).
Frame Trigger Setup
Frame ID – Enter the desired Frame ID in the field labeled Value,
touching the field brings up the keypad for data entry. Entering X signifies
Don’t Care, the default ID is XXX.
The Frame ID Condition can be set many different ways. Possible
conditions are <=, <, =, >, >=, not =, In Range of, or Out of Range. The
default setting is Equal.
If ID condition is In Range of or Out of Range, a To value must also be
given to specify the full ID range for the trigger.
10 FlexRay-TDP-OM-E Rev A
Loading...