Tektronix PIO-96J User manual

PIO-96J Parallel Digital I/O Board

User’s Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Hardware

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants that, for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment (3 years for Models 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010 and 2700), the
Keithley Hardware product will be free from defects in materials or workmanship. This warranty will be honored provided the defect has not been caused
by use of the Keithley Hardware not in accordance with the instructions for the product. This warranty shall be null and void upon: (1) any modification of
Keithley Hardware that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley or (2) operation of the Keithley Hardware outside of the
environmental specifications therefore.

Upon receiving notification of a defect in the Keithley Hardware during the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option, either repair or replace such Keithley Hard­ware. During the first ninety days of the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option, supply the necessary on site labor to return the product to the condition prior to
the notification of a defect. Failure to notify Keithley of a defect during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Hardware

The portion of the product that is not manufactured by Keithley (Other Hardware) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall have no duty of
obligation to enforce any manufacturers' warranties on behalf of the customer. On those other manufacturers’ products that Keithley purchases for resale,
Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any manufacturers’ warranties on behalf of the customer.

Software

Keithley warrants that for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment, the Keithley produced portion of the software or firmware (Keithley Software) will
conform in all material respects with the published specifications provided such Keithley Software is used on the product for which it is intended and other­wise in accordance with the instructions therefore. Keithley does not warrant that operation of the Keithley Software will be uninterrupted or error-free and/
or that the Keithley Software will be adequate for the customer's intended application and/or use. This warranty shall be null and void upon any modification
of the Keithley Software that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley.

If Keithley receives notification of a Keithley Software nonconformity that is covered by this warranty during the warranty period, Keithley will review the
conditions described in such notice. Such notice must state the published specification(s) to which the Keithley Software fails to conform and the manner
in which the Keithley Software fails to conform to such published specification(s) with sufficient specificity to permit Keithley to correct such nonconfor­mity. If Keithley determines that the Keithley Software does not conform with the published specifications, Keithley will, at its option, provide either the
programming services necessary to correct such nonconformity or develop a program change to bypass such nonconformity in the Keithley Software.
Failure to notify Keithley of a nonconformity during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Software

OEM software that is not produced by Keithley (Other Software) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall have no duty or obligation to
enforce any OEM's warranties on behalf of the customer.

Other Items

Keithley warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

Items not Covered under Warranty

This warranty does not apply to fuses, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow
instructions.

Limitation of Warranty

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification made by Purchaser without Keithley's express written consent, or by misuse
of any product or part.

Disclaimer of Warranties

EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES ABOVE KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUD­ING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEI­THLEY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE OTHER HARDWARE AND OTHER SOFTWARE.

Limitation of Liability

KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS SHALL IN NO EVENT, REGARDLESS OF CAUSE, ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR OR BE LIABLE FOR: (1)
ECONOMICAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, WHETHER CLAIMED
UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, (2) LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO THE CUSTOMER'S DATA OR PROGRAM­MING, OR (3) PENALTIES OR PENALTY CLAUSES OF ANY DESCRIPTION OR INDEMNIFICATION OF THE CUSTOMER OR OTHERS FOR
COSTS, DAMAGES, OR EXPENSES RELATED TO THE GOODS OR SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THIS WARRANTY.

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4/02

PIO-96J

Parallel Digital I/O Board

User’s Manual

©1997, 1999 Keithley Instruments, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Fifth Printing, April 2001

Document Number: 97930 Rev. E

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision
Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revi­sions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are num­bered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are
incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 97930)................................................................................................... July 1997

Revision B (Document Number 97930) .............................................................................................. August 1997

Addendum B (Document Number 24694)...................................................................................... November 1997

Revision C (Document Number 97930) ................................................................................................... July 1998

Revision D (Document Number 97930)......................................................................................... December 1999

Revision E (Document Number 97930) ................................................................................................. April 2001

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using
this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some in­struments and accessories would normally be used with non-haz­ardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions
may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recog­nize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions re­quired to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation,
operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the
product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection pro­vided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use

and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is
operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for en­suring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be

trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instru­ment. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with
hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product

to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage
or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are de­scribed in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator
may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by
service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform

safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained ser­vice personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that
are rated Installation Category I and Installation Category II, as de­scribed in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O sig­nals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected
to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-volt­ages. Installation Category II connections require protection for
high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains
connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O con­nections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise
marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal
voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock
hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V
peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect

that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before
measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at
all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are pre­vented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In
some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human con­tact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to
protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is
capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of

the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits.
They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When con­necting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to lim­it fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connect­ed to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks
before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is
restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power dis­connect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equip­ment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any
other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge
any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jump­ers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the com­mon side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always
make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated
surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its
specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equip­ment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and ac­cessories, as defined in the specifications and operating informa­tion, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or
switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating
for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for
measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is ap­plied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a
lid interlock.

5/02

If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the
wire recommended in the user documentation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should re­fer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or mea­sure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal
and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to
avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might
result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated infor­mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could
damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and
all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement
components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test
leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instru­ments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals,
may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as
long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that se­lected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments
to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are
unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a
Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based
cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill
on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no
case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to in­structions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is af­fected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper
cleaning/servicing.

Table of Contents

1 General Description

Features and operating characteristics ............................................................................................................... 1-2

Supporting software ........................................................................................................................................... 1-3

2 Installation

Overview ............................................................................................................................................................ 2-2

Inventorying required installation resources ...................................................................................................... 2-2

Installing the DriverLINX software and documentation ................................................................................... 2-2

Configuring your installation ............................................................................................................................. 2-4

Preparing and installing your board ................................................................................................................... 2-5

Unwrapping and inspecting your board ..................................................................................................... 2-5

Physically configuring your board ............................................................................................................. 2-5

Installing the needed interface cables ........................................................................................................ 2-7

Installing your board in the computer ...................................................................................................... 2-11

Checking your installation ............................................................................................................................... 2-12

I/O bit tests ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-12

General information ................................................................................................................................. 2-12

Output set test ........................................................................................................................................... 2-15

Input read test ........................................................................................................................................... 2-17

Connecting the board to your external circuits ................................................................................................ 2-18

Identifying I/O connector pin assignments for the PIO-96J .................................................................... 2-18

Connecting I/O cables and interface accessories ..................................................................................... 2-19

3 Programming

4 Applications

Monitoring contact closure at an input ............................................................................................................... 4-2

Eliminating contact bounce ................................................................................................................................ 4-3

Boosting relay drive current ............................................................................................................................... 4-3

i

5 Troubleshooting

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-2

Identifying symptoms and possible causes ......................................................................................................... 5-2

Getting error information from DriverLINX ...................................................................................................... 5-3

DriverLINX Event Viewer ......................................................................................................................... 5-3

Device initialization error messages ........................................................................................................... 5-4

Testing the board and host computer .................................................................................................................. 5-4

Testing the accessory slot and I/O connections .................................................................................................. 5-5

Technical support ............................................................................................................................................... 5-6

A Specifications

B I/O Address Map

Control word register ......................................................................................................................................... B-4

ii

List of Illustrations

2 Installation

Figure 2-1 Component locations .................................................................................................................................. 2-6

Figure 2-2 Base address switch values ........................................................................................................................ 2-7

Figure 2-3 Cable clamp on the mounting plate of a PIO-96J board ............................................................................ 2-8

Figure 2-4 Cabling in place on a PIO-96J board ......................................................................................................... 2-8

Figure 2-5 Cable clamp securing single cable ............................................................................................................. 2-9

Figure 2-6 Cabling taped to show shield boundary ..................................................................................................... 2-9

Figure 2-7 Cabling wrapped with jacket to tape boundary ........................................................................................ 2-10

Figure 2-8 Jacket trimmed with scissors to make 1/2-inch flaps ............................................................................... 2-10

Figure 2-9 Jacket with flaps folded back to expose shield surface ............................................................................ 2-10

Figure 2-10 Cabling reconnected, placing shield surface in line with clamp .............................................................. 2-10

Figure 2-11 Detail of clamped cable showing installed jacket .................................................................................... 2-11

Figure 2-12 An AIO Panel example ............................................................................................................................ 2-12

Figure 2-13 DIO channel tab example ......................................................................................................................... 2-13

Figure 2-14 Configuring the digital I/O channels as inputs and outputs ..................................................................... 2-14

Figure 2-15 Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern A ........................................................................................ 2-14

Figure 2-16 An AIO Panel example ............................................................................................................................ 2-15

Figure 2-17 Configuring the digital I/O channels as inputs and outputs ..................................................................... 2-16

Figure 2-18 Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern A ........................................................................................ 2-16

Figure 2-19 Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern B ........................................................................................ 2-17

Figure 2-20 Board I/O connector pinout ...................................................................................................................... 2-18

Figure 2-21 Using cables and accessories ................................................................................................................... 2-19

4 Applications

Figure 4-1 Contact-closure monitoring at an input of a PIO-96J board ...................................................................... 4-2

Figure 4-2 De-bounce circuit for an input of a PIO-96J board .................................................................................... 4-3

Figure 4-3 NPN transistor relay control for an output of a PIO-96J board ................................................................. 4-3

iii

iv

List of Tables

2 Installation

Table 2-1 Description of manufactured cables and accessories ............................................................................... 2-19

4 Applications

Table 4-1 Resistor network connections .................................................................................................................... 4-2

5 Troubleshooting

Table 5-1 Troubleshooting information ..................................................................................................................... 5-2

A Specifications

Table A-1 Digital input/output specifications ............................................................................................................ A-2

Table A-2 Input parameter specifications .................................................................................................................. A-2

Table A-3 Output parameter specifications ................................................................................................................ A-2

Table A-4 General specifications ............................................................................................................................... A-3

B I/O Address Map

Table B-1 I/O address locations ................................................................................................................................. B-2

Table B-2 I/O address map for a PIO-96J .................................................................................................................. B-3

Table B-3 Bit assignments for a control word register .............................................................................................. B-4

v

1

General Description

1-2 General Description PIO-96J User’s Manual

This manual contains information and instructions for handling and using the PIO-96J board.

To follow the information and instructions contained in this manual, you must be familiar with
data-acquisition principles, with your application, with your computer, and with the Windows
95/98/NT operating system. The manual is organized as follows:

•

Section 1 provides an overview of the hardware and descriptions of features, applications,
supporting software, and accessories.

Section 2 describes how to do the following:

•

-

Install the DriverLINX software and the documentation.

Unpack, set up, and install the board.

-

-

Configure and check the installation.

Use accessories to connect the board to external circuits.

-

Section 3 describes typical applications.

•

•

Section 4 briefly describes the need to program through the DriverLINX interface—provided
with your board—and tells how to access the extensive DriverLINX documentation.

Section 5 describes how to isolate common problems, how to troubleshoot your system, and

•

how to obtain technical support.

•

Appendix A contains specifications.

Appendix B describes the I/O registers, for background reference only (you program the

•

PIO-96J board through the DriverLINX interface, not at the register-level).

®

Features and operating characteristics

The PIO-96J is a 96-line parallel, digital I/O interface board designed for IBM
computers and compatibles. The software currently supplied with these boards requires the
Windows
microprocessor),

The PA and PB ports are byte-wide (8-bits) and configurable as inputs or outputs. The PC port is
also byte-wide but can be divided into two separate 4-bit ports: PC lower and PC upper (each of
which can be set up as either inputs or outputs). The PIO-96J emulates mode 0 of the Intel 8255
Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) as set by its control register. On power-up or whenever
the computer’s Hardware Reset line is asserted, all ports are cleared and set in a digital-input
mode.

The PIO-96J uses 16 consecutive I/O addresses within the PC’s I/O address space. The base
address of the PIO-96J board is set by a base address switch. More than one PIO-96J may be
installed in a single computer. However, each installed PIO-96J uses 16 I/O addresses (base
address +0 through Base Address +15), and no two boards can use the same address.

The computer power supplies provide the +5V power for the I/O connectors. The computer
provides this power for use in external applications such as the addition of pull-up resistors. The
+5V supply may also be used to power external accessories, as long as you observe the total­available-power limits of your computer and ensure that the total connector pins’ current is
limited to less than 1A. Do Not Connect the +5V Outputs to an external +5V Supply.

95/98/NT operating system and a compatible microprocessor (preferably a Pentium

®

PC series

PIO-96J User’s Manual General Description 1-3

I/O connections for each port use a 50-pin, 0.1 inch header connector. This configuration assures
maximum shielding and minimum cross-talk by placing a ground wire in the cable between each
I/O conductor. The mating connector socket is the 3M 3425-6050 (one required for each 24-bit
port), or you may purchase a 24 inch cable with connectors on both ends (part number
CACC-2000). Longer cables are available by specifying part number CACC-20NN, where NN is
the number of feet added to the standard two-foot cable.

General areas of application for the PIO-96J include all parallel-digital I/O requirements such as
communicating with peripherals, operating relays, and reading switch inputs.

Supporting software

DriverLINX software is supplied by Keithley with the PI0-HV board. DriverLINX provides
convenient interfaces to configure and set I/O bits without register-level programming.

Most importantly, however, DriverLINX supports those programmers who wish to create custom
applications using Visual C/C++, Visual Basic, or Delphi. DriverLINX accomplishes foreground
and background tasks to perform data acquisition. The software includes memory and data buffer
management, event triggering, extensive error checking, and context sensitive online help.

More specifically, DriverLINX provides application developers a standardized interface to over
100 services for creating foreground and background tasks for the following:

•

Analog input and output

•

Digital input and output

•

Time and frequency measurement

•

Event counting

•

Pulse output

•

Period measurement

In addition to basic I/O support, DriverLINX also provides:

uilt-in capabilities to handle memory and data buffer management

•

B

•

A selection of starting and stopping trigger events, including pre-triggering, mid-point
triggering and post-triggering protocols

Extensive error checking

•

•

Context-sensitive on-line help system

DriverLINX is essentially hardware independent, because its portable APIs work across various
operating systems. This capability eliminates unnecessary programming when changing
operating system platforms.

2

Installation

2-2 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

Overview

This section describes the following:

•

Inventorying installation resources

Installing the DriverLINX software needed to operate your PIO-96J board and all documen-

•

tation for the board and software

•

Configuring the installation in software

Unpacking and inspecting the board, physically configuring the board, installing cables to

•

the board, and then installing the board in your computer

•

Checking the installation

Making system connections

•

NOTE

Install the DriverLINX software before installing the PIO-96J board.
Otherwise, the device drivers will be more difficult to install.

Inventorying required installation resources

Before installing DriverLINX and the board, do the following

1. Inventory your PIO-96J board’s configuration settings.

2. Determine the resources that your PIO-96J board requires.

3. Inventory your computer’s resources already allocated to other installed devices.

4. Determine whether your computer has sufficient resources for your PIO-96J board.

5. Determine whether your PIO-96J board can use your computer’s free resources.

NOTE

The DriverLINX Installation and Configuration Guide, Chapter 1,
amplifies the inventory process in checklist items 1-5. (Ignore the rest
of the checklist items for now.) To display this manual from your Driv­erLINX PIO Series CD-ROM, open the Windows Explorer, then dou­ble click on X:\Drvlinx4\Docs\Instconf.pdf , where X
the CD-ROM drive. Acrobat Reader must already be installed on the
other system. If necessary, you can first install Acrobat Reader directly
from the CD-ROM by double clicking

= the letter of

X:\Acrobat\setup.exe

.

Installing the DriverLINX software and documentation

NOTE

This section discusses installation of drivers, interfaces, and documentation. The component
installation options provided by the DriverLINX setup program are as follows:

•

Install Drivers

your hardware and running third-party data-acquisition applications that require
DriverLINX.

Even if DriverLINX versions other than the PIO Series version are al­ready installed on your system, you must also install the PIO Series
DriverLINX version. In the process, some DriverLINX capabilities
shared by all boards may be upgraded (test utilities, for example).

— This required component installs only the files you need for configuring

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-3

Install Interfaces

•

you will need to develop custom applications for DriverLINX using C/C++, Visual Basic,
and Delphi.

•

Install Documentation

DriverLINX that you can read, search, and print using the Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Install Acrobat

•

DriverLINX electronic documentation.

Install the DriverLINX software and board as follows:

1. Place the DriverLINX PIO Series CD-ROM in your drive and wait a few seconds. On most
systems, setup starts automatically. If not, run the setup.exe file, found in the root directory of
the CD-ROM.

A DriverLINX Browser Introduction screen appears. Thereafter, the DriverLINX CD Navi­gator screen appears automatically after waiting a few seconds or after clicking ‘Next’.

NOTE On the DriverLINX CD Navigator and other DriverLINX Browser

— This optional component installs the files and example programs that

— This optional component installs electronic documentation for

— This optional component installs the Adobe Acrobat Reader for the

screens, place the cursor over a menu item to see an explanation. A
star next to a menu item means that it was selected previously.

Before continuing with this installation, Keithley suggests clicking
Read Me First on the DriverLINX CD Navigator and reviewing the
brief information that appears.

2. On the DriverLINX CD Navigator screen, click Install DriverLINX. An Install These
DriverLINX Components screen appears.

3. Click Install Drivers, and then follow the series of on-screen instructions. When done, the
Install These DriverLINX Components screen reappears.

4. If you do not plan to develop custom application software for a PIO board, then skip to
Step 5. If you do plan to develop custom application software, you must install DriverLINX
interfaces before writing the software. Install them now by clicking ‘Install Interfaces’ and
following the series of on-screen instructions. When done, the Install These DriverLINX
Components screen reappears.

5. Click Install Documentation and follow the series of on-screen instructions. This step
installs the manuals. When done, the Install These DriverLINX Components screen
reappears.

6. If Acrobat Reader is not already installed on your system, install it now. You need Acrobat
Reader to read the manuals, a section of which you must access in step 9. Click on Install
Acrobat and follow the series of on-screen instructions. When done, the Install These
DriverLINX Components screen reappears.

7. Click Exit. Then, on the screen that appears saying “Thank you for using DriverLINX,” click
Done. The System Settings Changed dialog box appears.

8. On the System Settings Changed dialog box, click ‘No’. (The system will be rebooted and
configured later under “Configuring your installation.”) The screen returns to the Windows
desktop.

9. Print out one section of a DriverLINX manual that you will briefly review later during sys­tem configuration. Proceed as follows:

a. Under Programs → DriverLINX → Keithley in the Start menu, click On-line

Manuals. A menu document appears.

b. In the menu document, scroll until you find the major category Configuration.