Tektronix PIO-96J User manual

PIO-96J Parallel Digital I/O Board

User’s Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Hardware

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants that, for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment (3 years for Models 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010 and 2700), the
Keithley Hardware product will be free from defects in materials or workmanship. This warranty will be honored provided the defect has not been caused
by use of the Keithley Hardware not in accordance with the instructions for the product. This warranty shall be null and void upon: (1) any modification of
Keithley Hardware that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley or (2) operation of the Keithley Hardware outside of the
environmental specifications therefore.

Upon receiving notification of a defect in the Keithley Hardware during the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option, either repair or replace such Keithley Hard­ware. During the first ninety days of the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option, supply the necessary on site labor to return the product to the condition prior to
the notification of a defect. Failure to notify Keithley of a defect during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Hardware

The portion of the product that is not manufactured by Keithley (Other Hardware) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall have no duty of
obligation to enforce any manufacturers' warranties on behalf of the customer. On those other manufacturers’ products that Keithley purchases for resale,
Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any manufacturers’ warranties on behalf of the customer.

Software

Keithley warrants that for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment, the Keithley produced portion of the software or firmware (Keithley Software) will
conform in all material respects with the published specifications provided such Keithley Software is used on the product for which it is intended and other­wise in accordance with the instructions therefore. Keithley does not warrant that operation of the Keithley Software will be uninterrupted or error-free and/
or that the Keithley Software will be adequate for the customer's intended application and/or use. This warranty shall be null and void upon any modification
of the Keithley Software that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley.

If Keithley receives notification of a Keithley Software nonconformity that is covered by this warranty during the warranty period, Keithley will review the
conditions described in such notice. Such notice must state the published specification(s) to which the Keithley Software fails to conform and the manner
in which the Keithley Software fails to conform to such published specification(s) with sufficient specificity to permit Keithley to correct such nonconfor­mity. If Keithley determines that the Keithley Software does not conform with the published specifications, Keithley will, at its option, provide either the
programming services necessary to correct such nonconformity or develop a program change to bypass such nonconformity in the Keithley Software.
Failure to notify Keithley of a nonconformity during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Software

OEM software that is not produced by Keithley (Other Software) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall have no duty or obligation to
enforce any OEM's warranties on behalf of the customer.

Other Items

Keithley warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

Items not Covered under Warranty

This warranty does not apply to fuses, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow
instructions.

Limitation of Warranty

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification made by Purchaser without Keithley's express written consent, or by misuse
of any product or part.

Disclaimer of Warranties

EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES ABOVE KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUD­ING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEI­THLEY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE OTHER HARDWARE AND OTHER SOFTWARE.

Limitation of Liability

KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS SHALL IN NO EVENT, REGARDLESS OF CAUSE, ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR OR BE LIABLE FOR: (1)
ECONOMICAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, WHETHER CLAIMED
UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, (2) LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO THE CUSTOMER'S DATA OR PROGRAM­MING, OR (3) PENALTIES OR PENALTY CLAUSES OF ANY DESCRIPTION OR INDEMNIFICATION OF THE CUSTOMER OR OTHERS FOR
COSTS, DAMAGES, OR EXPENSES RELATED TO THE GOODS OR SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THIS WARRANTY.

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4/02

PIO-96J

Parallel Digital I/O Board

User’s Manual

©1997, 1999 Keithley Instruments, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Fifth Printing, April 2001

Document Number: 97930 Rev. E

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision
Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revi­sions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are num­bered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are
incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 97930)................................................................................................... July 1997

Revision B (Document Number 97930) .............................................................................................. August 1997

Addendum B (Document Number 24694)...................................................................................... November 1997

Revision C (Document Number 97930) ................................................................................................... July 1998

Revision D (Document Number 97930)......................................................................................... December 1999

Revision E (Document Number 97930) ................................................................................................. April 2001

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using
this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some in­struments and accessories would normally be used with non-haz­ardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions
may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recog­nize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions re­quired to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation,
operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the
product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection pro­vided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use

and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is
operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for en­suring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be

trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instru­ment. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with
hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product

to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage
or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are de­scribed in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator
may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by
service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform

safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained ser­vice personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that
are rated Installation Category I and Installation Category II, as de­scribed in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O sig­nals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected
to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-volt­ages. Installation Category II connections require protection for
high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains
connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O con­nections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise
marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal
voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock
hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V
peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect

that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before
measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at
all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are pre­vented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In
some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human con­tact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to
protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is
capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of

the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits.
They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When con­necting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to lim­it fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connect­ed to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks
before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is
restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power dis­connect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equip­ment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any
other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge
any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jump­ers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the com­mon side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always
make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated
surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its
specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equip­ment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and ac­cessories, as defined in the specifications and operating informa­tion, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or
switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating
for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for
measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is ap­plied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a
lid interlock.

5/02

If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the
wire recommended in the user documentation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should re­fer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or mea­sure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal
and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to
avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might
result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated infor­mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could
damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and
all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement
components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test
leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instru­ments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals,
may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as
long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that se­lected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments
to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are
unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a
Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based
cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill
on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no
case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to in­structions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is af­fected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper
cleaning/servicing.

Table of Contents

1 General Description

Features and operating characteristics ............................................................................................................... 1-2

Supporting software ........................................................................................................................................... 1-3

2 Installation

Overview ............................................................................................................................................................ 2-2

Inventorying required installation resources ...................................................................................................... 2-2

Installing the DriverLINX software and documentation ................................................................................... 2-2

Configuring your installation ............................................................................................................................. 2-4

Preparing and installing your board ................................................................................................................... 2-5

Unwrapping and inspecting your board ..................................................................................................... 2-5

Physically configuring your board ............................................................................................................. 2-5

Installing the needed interface cables ........................................................................................................ 2-7

Installing your board in the computer ...................................................................................................... 2-11

Checking your installation ............................................................................................................................... 2-12

I/O bit tests ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-12

General information ................................................................................................................................. 2-12

Output set test ........................................................................................................................................... 2-15

Input read test ........................................................................................................................................... 2-17

Connecting the board to your external circuits ................................................................................................ 2-18

Identifying I/O connector pin assignments for the PIO-96J .................................................................... 2-18

Connecting I/O cables and interface accessories ..................................................................................... 2-19

3 Programming

4 Applications

Monitoring contact closure at an input ............................................................................................................... 4-2

Eliminating contact bounce ................................................................................................................................ 4-3

Boosting relay drive current ............................................................................................................................... 4-3

i

5 Troubleshooting

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-2

Identifying symptoms and possible causes ......................................................................................................... 5-2

Getting error information from DriverLINX ...................................................................................................... 5-3

DriverLINX Event Viewer ......................................................................................................................... 5-3

Device initialization error messages ........................................................................................................... 5-4

Testing the board and host computer .................................................................................................................. 5-4

Testing the accessory slot and I/O connections .................................................................................................. 5-5

Technical support ............................................................................................................................................... 5-6

A Specifications

B I/O Address Map

Control word register ......................................................................................................................................... B-4

ii

List of Illustrations

2 Installation

Figure 2-1 Component locations .................................................................................................................................. 2-6

Figure 2-2 Base address switch values ........................................................................................................................ 2-7

Figure 2-3 Cable clamp on the mounting plate of a PIO-96J board ............................................................................ 2-8

Figure 2-4 Cabling in place on a PIO-96J board ......................................................................................................... 2-8

Figure 2-5 Cable clamp securing single cable ............................................................................................................. 2-9

Figure 2-6 Cabling taped to show shield boundary ..................................................................................................... 2-9

Figure 2-7 Cabling wrapped with jacket to tape boundary ........................................................................................ 2-10

Figure 2-8 Jacket trimmed with scissors to make 1/2-inch flaps ............................................................................... 2-10

Figure 2-9 Jacket with flaps folded back to expose shield surface ............................................................................ 2-10

Figure 2-10 Cabling reconnected, placing shield surface in line with clamp .............................................................. 2-10

Figure 2-11 Detail of clamped cable showing installed jacket .................................................................................... 2-11

Figure 2-12 An AIO Panel example ............................................................................................................................ 2-12

Figure 2-13 DIO channel tab example ......................................................................................................................... 2-13

Figure 2-14 Configuring the digital I/O channels as inputs and outputs ..................................................................... 2-14

Figure 2-15 Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern A ........................................................................................ 2-14

Figure 2-16 An AIO Panel example ............................................................................................................................ 2-15

Figure 2-17 Configuring the digital I/O channels as inputs and outputs ..................................................................... 2-16

Figure 2-18 Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern A ........................................................................................ 2-16

Figure 2-19 Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern B ........................................................................................ 2-17

Figure 2-20 Board I/O connector pinout ...................................................................................................................... 2-18

Figure 2-21 Using cables and accessories ................................................................................................................... 2-19

4 Applications

Figure 4-1 Contact-closure monitoring at an input of a PIO-96J board ...................................................................... 4-2

Figure 4-2 De-bounce circuit for an input of a PIO-96J board .................................................................................... 4-3

Figure 4-3 NPN transistor relay control for an output of a PIO-96J board ................................................................. 4-3

iii

iv

List of Tables

2 Installation

Table 2-1 Description of manufactured cables and accessories ............................................................................... 2-19

4 Applications

Table 4-1 Resistor network connections .................................................................................................................... 4-2

5 Troubleshooting

Table 5-1 Troubleshooting information ..................................................................................................................... 5-2

A Specifications

Table A-1 Digital input/output specifications ............................................................................................................ A-2

Table A-2 Input parameter specifications .................................................................................................................. A-2

Table A-3 Output parameter specifications ................................................................................................................ A-2

Table A-4 General specifications ............................................................................................................................... A-3

B I/O Address Map

Table B-1 I/O address locations ................................................................................................................................. B-2

Table B-2 I/O address map for a PIO-96J .................................................................................................................. B-3

Table B-3 Bit assignments for a control word register .............................................................................................. B-4

v

1

General Description

1-2 General Description PIO-96J User’s Manual

This manual contains information and instructions for handling and using the PIO-96J board.

To follow the information and instructions contained in this manual, you must be familiar with
data-acquisition principles, with your application, with your computer, and with the Windows
95/98/NT operating system. The manual is organized as follows:

•

Section 1 provides an overview of the hardware and descriptions of features, applications,
supporting software, and accessories.

Section 2 describes how to do the following:

•

-

Install the DriverLINX software and the documentation.

Unpack, set up, and install the board.

-

-

Configure and check the installation.

Use accessories to connect the board to external circuits.

-

Section 3 describes typical applications.

•

•

Section 4 briefly describes the need to program through the DriverLINX interface—provided
with your board—and tells how to access the extensive DriverLINX documentation.

Section 5 describes how to isolate common problems, how to troubleshoot your system, and

•

how to obtain technical support.

•

Appendix A contains specifications.

Appendix B describes the I/O registers, for background reference only (you program the

•

PIO-96J board through the DriverLINX interface, not at the register-level).

®

Features and operating characteristics

The PIO-96J is a 96-line parallel, digital I/O interface board designed for IBM
computers and compatibles. The software currently supplied with these boards requires the
Windows
microprocessor),

The PA and PB ports are byte-wide (8-bits) and configurable as inputs or outputs. The PC port is
also byte-wide but can be divided into two separate 4-bit ports: PC lower and PC upper (each of
which can be set up as either inputs or outputs). The PIO-96J emulates mode 0 of the Intel 8255
Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) as set by its control register. On power-up or whenever
the computer’s Hardware Reset line is asserted, all ports are cleared and set in a digital-input
mode.

The PIO-96J uses 16 consecutive I/O addresses within the PC’s I/O address space. The base
address of the PIO-96J board is set by a base address switch. More than one PIO-96J may be
installed in a single computer. However, each installed PIO-96J uses 16 I/O addresses (base
address +0 through Base Address +15), and no two boards can use the same address.

The computer power supplies provide the +5V power for the I/O connectors. The computer
provides this power for use in external applications such as the addition of pull-up resistors. The
+5V supply may also be used to power external accessories, as long as you observe the total­available-power limits of your computer and ensure that the total connector pins’ current is
limited to less than 1A. Do Not Connect the +5V Outputs to an external +5V Supply.

95/98/NT operating system and a compatible microprocessor (preferably a Pentium

®

PC series

PIO-96J User’s Manual General Description 1-3

I/O connections for each port use a 50-pin, 0.1 inch header connector. This configuration assures
maximum shielding and minimum cross-talk by placing a ground wire in the cable between each
I/O conductor. The mating connector socket is the 3M 3425-6050 (one required for each 24-bit
port), or you may purchase a 24 inch cable with connectors on both ends (part number
CACC-2000). Longer cables are available by specifying part number CACC-20NN, where NN is
the number of feet added to the standard two-foot cable.

General areas of application for the PIO-96J include all parallel-digital I/O requirements such as
communicating with peripherals, operating relays, and reading switch inputs.

Supporting software

DriverLINX software is supplied by Keithley with the PI0-HV board. DriverLINX provides
convenient interfaces to configure and set I/O bits without register-level programming.

Most importantly, however, DriverLINX supports those programmers who wish to create custom
applications using Visual C/C++, Visual Basic, or Delphi. DriverLINX accomplishes foreground
and background tasks to perform data acquisition. The software includes memory and data buffer
management, event triggering, extensive error checking, and context sensitive online help.

More specifically, DriverLINX provides application developers a standardized interface to over
100 services for creating foreground and background tasks for the following:

•

Analog input and output

•

Digital input and output

•

Time and frequency measurement

•

Event counting

•

Pulse output

•

Period measurement

In addition to basic I/O support, DriverLINX also provides:

uilt-in capabilities to handle memory and data buffer management

•

B

•

A selection of starting and stopping trigger events, including pre-triggering, mid-point
triggering and post-triggering protocols

Extensive error checking

•

•

Context-sensitive on-line help system

DriverLINX is essentially hardware independent, because its portable APIs work across various
operating systems. This capability eliminates unnecessary programming when changing
operating system platforms.

2

Installation

2-2 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

Overview

This section describes the following:

•

Inventorying installation resources

Installing the DriverLINX software needed to operate your PIO-96J board and all documen-

•

tation for the board and software

•

Configuring the installation in software

Unpacking and inspecting the board, physically configuring the board, installing cables to

•

the board, and then installing the board in your computer

•

Checking the installation

Making system connections

•

NOTE

Install the DriverLINX software before installing the PIO-96J board.
Otherwise, the device drivers will be more difficult to install.

Inventorying required installation resources

Before installing DriverLINX and the board, do the following

1. Inventory your PIO-96J board’s configuration settings.

2. Determine the resources that your PIO-96J board requires.

3. Inventory your computer’s resources already allocated to other installed devices.

4. Determine whether your computer has sufficient resources for your PIO-96J board.

5. Determine whether your PIO-96J board can use your computer’s free resources.

NOTE

The DriverLINX Installation and Configuration Guide, Chapter 1,
amplifies the inventory process in checklist items 1-5. (Ignore the rest
of the checklist items for now.) To display this manual from your Driv­erLINX PIO Series CD-ROM, open the Windows Explorer, then dou­ble click on X:\Drvlinx4\Docs\Instconf.pdf , where X
the CD-ROM drive. Acrobat Reader must already be installed on the
other system. If necessary, you can first install Acrobat Reader directly
from the CD-ROM by double clicking

= the letter of

X:\Acrobat\setup.exe

.

Installing the DriverLINX software and documentation

NOTE

This section discusses installation of drivers, interfaces, and documentation. The component
installation options provided by the DriverLINX setup program are as follows:

•

Install Drivers

your hardware and running third-party data-acquisition applications that require
DriverLINX.

Even if DriverLINX versions other than the PIO Series version are al­ready installed on your system, you must also install the PIO Series
DriverLINX version. In the process, some DriverLINX capabilities
shared by all boards may be upgraded (test utilities, for example).

— This required component installs only the files you need for configuring

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-3

Install Interfaces

•

you will need to develop custom applications for DriverLINX using C/C++, Visual Basic,
and Delphi.

•

Install Documentation

DriverLINX that you can read, search, and print using the Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Install Acrobat

•

DriverLINX electronic documentation.

Install the DriverLINX software and board as follows:

1. Place the DriverLINX PIO Series CD-ROM in your drive and wait a few seconds. On most
systems, setup starts automatically. If not, run the setup.exe file, found in the root directory of
the CD-ROM.

A DriverLINX Browser Introduction screen appears. Thereafter, the DriverLINX CD Navi­gator screen appears automatically after waiting a few seconds or after clicking ‘Next’.

NOTE On the DriverLINX CD Navigator and other DriverLINX Browser

— This optional component installs the files and example programs that

— This optional component installs electronic documentation for

— This optional component installs the Adobe Acrobat Reader for the

screens, place the cursor over a menu item to see an explanation. A
star next to a menu item means that it was selected previously.

Before continuing with this installation, Keithley suggests clicking
Read Me First on the DriverLINX CD Navigator and reviewing the
brief information that appears.

2. On the DriverLINX CD Navigator screen, click Install DriverLINX. An Install These
DriverLINX Components screen appears.

3. Click Install Drivers, and then follow the series of on-screen instructions. When done, the
Install These DriverLINX Components screen reappears.

4. If you do not plan to develop custom application software for a PIO board, then skip to
Step 5. If you do plan to develop custom application software, you must install DriverLINX
interfaces before writing the software. Install them now by clicking ‘Install Interfaces’ and
following the series of on-screen instructions. When done, the Install These DriverLINX
Components screen reappears.

5. Click Install Documentation and follow the series of on-screen instructions. This step
installs the manuals. When done, the Install These DriverLINX Components screen
reappears.

6. If Acrobat Reader is not already installed on your system, install it now. You need Acrobat
Reader to read the manuals, a section of which you must access in step 9. Click on Install
Acrobat and follow the series of on-screen instructions. When done, the Install These
DriverLINX Components screen reappears.

7. Click Exit. Then, on the screen that appears saying “Thank you for using DriverLINX,” click
Done. The System Settings Changed dialog box appears.

8. On the System Settings Changed dialog box, click ‘No’. (The system will be rebooted and
configured later under “Configuring your installation.”) The screen returns to the Windows
desktop.

9. Print out one section of a DriverLINX manual that you will briefly review later during sys­tem configuration. Proceed as follows:

a. Under Programs → DriverLINX → Keithley in the Start menu, click On-line

Manuals. A menu document appears.

b. In the menu document, scroll until you find the major category Configuration.

2-4 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

c. Under Configuration, click Hardware References. A list of documents appears.
d. In the list of documents, click Keithley PIO Series. Acrobat Reader opens and the manual

entitled Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware—Keithley PIO Series appears.

e. Print the following section from the Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware—Keithley

PIO Series manual: “Configuring the PIO Series.”

NOTE If your data acquisition system is not connected to a printer, you can

display and print the Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware
Keithley PIO Series manual sections from another system, directly
from the CD-ROM (without installing anything). To display the man­ual, open the Windows Explorer, then double click on
X:\Drvlinx4\Docs\Notes\kmbpio.pdf, where X = the letter of the CD­ROM drive. Acrobat Reader must already be installed on the other
system. If necessary, you can first install Acrobat Reader directly from
the CD-ROM by double clicking X:\Acrobat\setup.exe.

10. Continue with “Configuring your installation.”

Configuring your installation

1. Locate and briefly review the manual section, “Configuring the PIO Series,” that you printed
earlier during step 9 of “Installing the DriverLINX Software and Documentation.” Review­ing this section will help prepare you to input information and select options when configur­ing your installation.

NOTE Be sure to note and follow all differences between installations for

Windows NT and Windows 95/98.

2. Reboot your computer. The DriverLINX Plug and Play Wizard appears on your screen auto­matically at the end of the boot cycle.

NOTE If you do not run the DriverLINX Plug and Play Wizard now, it will not

reappear during the current computer session, although it may appear
after a subsequent reboot. If you wish to configure your board some­time later, you can start the Plug and Play Wizard manually from a
batch file. In the Windows Explorer, double click
X:\Drvlinx4\Help\kmbpio.bat, where X is the letter of the drive on
which DriverLINX is installed.

3. On the Plug and Play Wizard, click Wizard and follow the series of on-screen instructions
that appear. The Wizard will first lead you through the steps of installing your hardware—
from a software viewpoint—and configuring it.

NOTE If your operating system is Windows NT, use Windows NT Diagnostics

to find the free resources that the Plug and Play Wizard asks you to as­sign. However, if your board requires an interrupt, to reliably find a
free ISA interrupt, you may need to: 1) configure your computer as
having a non-Plug and Play operating system, using BIOS setup, and
then 2) individually assign the interrupt to the ISA bus.

4. Continue with the next section, “Preparing and installing your board.”

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-5

Preparing and installing your board

CAUTION Ensure that the computer is turned OFF before installing or re-

moving a board. Installing or removing a board while power is ON
can damage your computer, the board, or both.

Handle the board in a static-controlled workstation; wear a
grounded wrist strap. Discharge static voltage differences between
the wrapped board and the handling environment before remov­ing the board from its protective wrapper. Failure to discharge
static electricity before and during handling may damage semi­conductor circuits on the board.

Handle the board using the mounting bracket. Do not touch the
circuit traces or connector contacts when handling the board.

Unwrapping and inspecting your board

After you remove the wrapped board from its outer shipping carton, proceed as follows:

1. Your PIO-96J board is packaged at the factory in an anti-static wrapper that must not be
removed until you have discharged any static electricity by either of the following methods:

• If you are equipped with a grounded wrist strap, you discharge static electricity as soon as

you hold the wrapped board.

• If you are not equipped with a grounded wrist strap, discharge static electricity by holding

the wrapped board in one hand while placing your other hand firmly on a metal portion of
the computer chassis (your computer must be turned off but grounded).

2. Remove your PIO-96J board from its anti-static wrapping material. (You may store the wrap­ping material for future use.)

3. Inspect the board for damage. If damage is apparent, arrange to return the board to the fac­tory. (See “Technical support.”)

4. Check the remaining contents of your package against the packing list, and immediately
report any missing items.

5. If the inspection is satisfactory, proceed to “Physically configuring your board.”

Physically configuring your board

Keithley configures your PIO-96J board by presetting a base I/O address. While the factory
settings are suitable for most installations, make sure these settings are not already in use by other
devices in your computer. If your board requires reconfiguration, you must set a new base address
by setting the base address switches.

Locating the base address switches

Base address switches are located as shown in Figure 2-1.

2-6 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

Figure 2-1

Component locations

PIO-96J

J4

J3

J2

J1

J1 = Base Address +0 - 3
J2 = Base Address +4 - 7
J3 = Base Address +8 - 11
J4 = Base Address +12 - 15

Base
Address

S1

9

1 2 3 4 5 6

45678

Setting the base I/O address

NOTE Before setting the base address switches, check the different require-

ments for Windows 95/98 and Windows NT. Refer to “Configuring the
PIO Series” in Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware—Keithley PIO
Series manual, which you printed in step 9 of “Installing the Driver­LINX Software and Documentation.”

Addresses in the I/O space of your computer can range from 0000h to FFFFh, for a total of 65,535
locations. IBM recommends a base I/O address between 100h and 3FFh only and reserves some
addresses in this range for computer and I/O device use.

The base-address switch is preset at the factory for a default base I/O address of 300h (the address
reserved by many computers for a prototype board). If 300h was assigned to the board when you
ran the DriverLINX Plug and Play Wizard, you do not need to reset the address switch.
Otherwise, reset the base address switch to conform to the base address assigned when you ran
the Wizard. Use the information shown in Figure 2-2 to determine settings for a new address.

NOTE A base I/O address switch has value only when set to its OFF position.

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-7

Figure 2-2

Base address switch values

Hexadecimal V alue

Decimal Value

Computer

Address Line

O
N

100

200

256

512

A9

A8

1 2 3 4 5 6

Notice that the least-significant address line in Figure 2-2 is A4. This line has a decimal value of

16. Therefore, the address you select is on a 16-bit boundary, giving the board access to 16 I/O

address ports.

When you have finished setting the address switches, do the following:

1. Check to ensure that the switches are set correctly.

2. Record the switch settings for future reference.

3. Continue with the next section, “Installing the needed interface cables.”

Installing the needed interface cables

80

128

A7

40

64

A6

20

32

A5

10

A4 16

Switch settings indicate a base
address of:

512 + 256 = 768 Decimal

or

200h + 100h = 300h

Each 24-bit port on the PIO-96J uses a 50-pin connector as an interface to input/output connec­tions. This connector is compatible with the manufacturer’s CACC-2000 series of cables.
However, note that the standard CACC-2000 cable is only 24 inches long. Since the connector and
up to 14 inches (worst case) of the I/O cable will be inside the computer, the standard CACC-2000
cable may be too short. Longer cables are available. Order a CACC-20NN, where NN is the
additional number of feet (beyond the standard 24 inches) needed.

Users requiring screw terminals rather than simple cable connections should purchase the STA-50
Screw Terminal Adapter Box. Each port on the PIO-96J will require a separate STA-50 (four total).

Clamping cables to the board

The mounting plate of your PIO-96J board contains an adjustable cable clamp that can secure the
flat cables. See Figure 2-3.

2-8 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

Figure 2-3

Cable clamp on the mounting plate of a PIO-96J board

Board

Mounting Plate

of Board

Clamp Adjusting

Screw

Cable Clamp

Clamp Adjusting

Screw

To clamp one or more cables to your board, use the following procedure:

1. Remove the two clamp-adjusting screws and the clamp from the board’s mounting plate.

2. Feed a cable through the hole in the mounting plate, and plug the cable connector into the
I/O connector.

3. If your board is using more than one cable, feed the next cable through the hole in the mount­ing plate, and plug the cable connector into the next available I/O connector.

4. Repeat step 3 until all cables are in place on the board, as shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4

Cabling in place on a PIO-96J board

PIO-96J

5. Re-install the clamp and clamp-adjusting screws so that the clamp holds the cabling firmly in
place, as shown in Figure 2-5.

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-9

Figure 2-5

Cable clamp securing single cable

Mounting Plate

of Board

Clamp Adjusting

Screw

Cable

Cable Clamp

Clamp Adjusting

Screw

Installing cable shielding

To shield cabling for your PIO-96J board, perform the following steps:

1. With cabling installed and clamped, wrap all cables together with a piece of tape to mark a

shield boundary at a point ½-inch or more away from the inside surface of the mounting
plate, as shown in Figure 2-6.

2. Remove the two clamp-adjusting screws and the clamp from the board’s mounting plate.

3. Unplug the cable connectors from the board, and pull the taped cabling back through the
mounting plate until the tape marker is beyond the clamping area.

4. Beginning at the tape marker, cover the cabling with a single piece of jacket (customer sup­plied) to the desired length, as shown in Figure 2-7.

5. Remove tape from cabling, and use scissors to cut ⁄-inch flaps in the jacket on both sides of
the cable, as shown in Figure 2-8.

6. Fold the flaps back on both sides of cabling to expose the shield surface, as shown in
Figure 2-9.

7. Slide cabling back through mounting plate and plug the cable connectors back into the board,
placing shield surface directly in line with mounting-plate clamp, as shown in Figure 2-10.

Figure 2-6

Cabling taped to show shield boundary

PIO-96J

Mounting Plate

Tape Marker ⁄ inch
from Mounting Plate

2-10 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

Figure 2-7

Cabling wrapped with jacket to tape boundary

PIO-96J

Mounting Plate

Jacket

Tape

Figure 2-8

Jacket trimmed with scissors to make 1/2-inch flaps

PIO-96J

Fold Line

½ in

Figure 2-9

Jacket with flaps folded back to expose shield surface

PIO-96J

Mounting Plate

Shield

Surface

Figure 2-10

Cabling reconnected, placing shield surface in line with clamp

PIO-96J

Mounting Plate

Shield

Surface

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-11

8. Re-install the clamp and clamp-adjusting screws so the clamp holds the cabling firmly in
place while bearing firmly on the shield surface of the jacket flap, as shown in Figure 2-11.

NOTE This shielding procedure assures CE Mark compliance.

Figure 2-11

Detail of clamped cable showing installed jacket

Trimmed and

Folded-back

Jacket Flap

Cable

Clamp

9. Continue with “Installing your board in the computer.”

Installing your board in the computer

CAUTION Installing or removing a board while power is ON can damage

your computer.

Use the following steps to install a PIO-96J board in an expansion slot of your computer:

1. Turn off power to the computer and all attached equipment.

2. Remove the computer chassis cover.

3. Select an unoccupied expansion slot in the rear panel, and remove the corresponding dummy
mounting plate.

4. Make sure the settings of the base address switch match the settings shown in the configura­tion utility.

5. Insert and secure the board in the selected expansion slot, feeding any cable ends through the
rear panel of the computer as you insert the board.

6. Replace the computer cover.

Jacket

over

Cable

7. Continue with “Checking your installation.”

2-12 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

Checking your installation

The ability to start the DriverLINX AIO Panel utility, which is available after you install
DriverLINX, verifies that DriverLINX and the board are installed and configured satisfactorily.

You can also test the functions of the PIO-96J board, without needing to write an application
program, by connecting appropriate digital signals and observing the responses with the
DriverLINX AIO Panel. Before connecting signals, first read the next section, “Connecting the
board to your external circuits.”

I/O bit tests

General information

1. Start the AIO Panel as follows:

a. In the Start menu, click Programs.

b. Find the DriverLINX ➧ Test Panels folder, under which you should find the AIO Panel

entry.

c. Click on the AIO Panel entry. The Analog I/O Panel should appear, similar to the exam-

ple in Figure 2-12. (If you have other DriverLINX devices installed in addition to the dig­ital input/output card you are testing, they will also be listed. In that case, select the
desired digital I/O card and the proper device number before proceeding.)

Figure 2-12

An AIO Panel example

NOTE The “Driver Selection” column will show the actual DriverLINX

driver(s) you have installed.

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-13

2. On the AIO Control Panel, click the DIO tab.

Figure 2-13

DIO channel tab example

NOTE The on-screen digital I/O controller works as follows:

• Channels 0 to 15 refer to the 8-bit general-purpose registers of your
digital input-output card. (Depending on which card is used, the
number of valid 8-bit registers will vary.) Bits displayed on the Digi-
tal Input Panel and the Digital Output Panel are numbered 0-7 for
every channel. Refer elsewhere in this manual for a description of the
available ports and their direction.

• Invalid channels and settings appear as dark gray squares. For
example:

- Non-existent channels always appear as dark gray squares.

- Channels configured as inputs will appear as dark gray squares on the

output panel.

• Valid channels and settings appear as white squares when OFF and
green squares when ON. (When the manual is printed in black and
white, valid channels and settings appear as white squares when
OFF and as light gray squares when ON.)

• The two-digit numeric displays under Input Bits and Output Bits
show the hexadecimal values of the adjacent bit patterns.

• To configure a valid channel either for input or output, use the Digi-

tal Channel Configuration Panel. Click on either the Input or Out­put square below the channel number. Note: this selection will be

disabled for channels which are fixed as input or output by hardware
design.

2-14 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

• To turn ON output-channel bits, use the Digital Output Panel. First

select the channel number of the bits to be turned on by clicking on
the appropriate square under Channels. Then, turn ON a bit by
clicking the appropriate square under Output Bits. Turn OFF a bit
in the same way.

• To read an input-channel bit, use the Digital Input Panel. First

select the channel number to be checked by clicking the appropriate
square under Channels. Then, read the numbered bit under Input
Bits. OFF input bits appear as black dots and ON input bits appear
as green dots. (When the manual is printed in black and white, OFF
input bits appear as black dots and ON input bits appear as light
gray dots.)

3. Under Digital I/O Configuration Panel, configure channels as shown in Figure 2-14.

(Actual channels available will vary according to your hardware.)

Figure 2-14

Configuring the digital I/O channels as inputs and outputs

KEITHLEY

Channel Configuration

0

Input

Output

123456789101112131415

Digital I/O Configuration Panel

NOTE For clarity when the manual is printed in black and white, the control

colors in Figure 2-14 and subsequent drawings will be shown as
follows:

Color on

Illustration

Actual Panel Function

BLACK DARK GRAY Invalid

WHITE LIGHT GRAY OFF

GRAY GREEN ON

4. In the Digital Output Panel under Channels, click on a channel (here, channel 0) as shown

in Figure 2-15.

Figure 2-15

Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern A

KEITHLEY

Channels

1234567

0

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Output Bits

76543210

Digital Output Panel

55

5. In the Digital Output Panel under Output Bits, set the bits of the channel as desired as

shown in Figure 2-15. (Click on each bit position to turn it ON or OFF.)

6. In the Digital Input Panel under Channels, click on a channel to select it and display the

logical state of its input lines.

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-15

Output set test

The output set test checks whether logic levels measured at all output pins agree with output bit
patterns set by software, using a DriverLINX graphical interface (AIO Panel).

NOTE This test is performed without user circuits being connected to the

outputs.

Perform the output set test as follows:

1. Ready the following equipment:

• A digital voltmeter (DVM) or a digital multimeter (DMM) set to measure voltages, or a
logic probe capable of reading TTL logic levels.

• A suitable accessory and cable for the board being tested.

2. Turn OFF the host computer.

3. Connect the cable and accessory to your board.

4. Turn ON the host computer and boot Windows 95/98/NT.

5. Click the Windows 95/98/NT Start tab.

6. Start the AIO Panel as follows:

a. In the Start menu, click Programs.

b. Find the DriverLINX ➧ Test Panels folder, under which you should find the AIO Panel

entry.

c. Click on the AIO Panel entry. The Analog I/O Panel should appear, similar to the exam-

ple in Figure 2-16. (If you have other DriverLINX devices installed in addition to the dig­ital input/output card you are testing, they will also be listed. In that case, select the
desired digital I/O card and the proper device number before proceeding.)

Figure 2-16

An AIO Panel example

2-16 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

7. On the AIO Panel, click the DIO tab.

NOTE To read an input-channel bit, use the Digital Input Panel. First, select

the channel number to be checked by clicking the appropriate square
under Channels. Then, read the numbered bit under Input Bits. OFF
input bits appear as black dots and ON input bits appear as green dots.
(When the manual is printed in black and white, OFF input bits appear
as black dots and ON input bits appear as light gray dots.) Further
information about this panel, how to make changes, and how to interpret
displays, is given in “I/O Bit Tests” of this section.

8. Under Digital I/O Configuration Panel, configure the output channels to be tested as shown

in Figure 2-17. (Actual output channels available will vary according to your hardware.)

Figure 2-17

Configuring the digital I/O channels as inputs and outputs

KEITHLEY

Channel Configuration

0

Input

Output

123456789101112131415

Digital I/O Configuration Panel

NOTE In Figure 2-17 and subsequent drawings of digital I/O controller panels,

the squares below invalid channels are colored black instead of dark
gray—for clarity when the manual is printed in black and white.

9. In the Digital Output Panel under Channels, click on an output channel (channel 0 in this

example) as shown in Figure 2-18.

Figure 2-18

Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern A

KEITHLEY

Channels

1234567

0

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Output Bits

76543210

Digital Output Panel

55

10. In the Digital Output Panel under Output Bits, set the bits of channel 0 for bit pattern A as

shown in Figure 2-18.

11. Measure the voltage between signal ground and each bit of the output port with a DMM or
DVM. Make measurements at the cabled mating connector of your accessory.

12. Each bit set to ON in the AIO Panel should output a logic-high signal at the corresponding
I/O terminal, reading typically about 4 volts (minimum of 2.2 volts) at a DMM/DVM. Each
bit set to OFF in the AIO Panel should output a logic-low signal at the corresponding I/O
terminal, reading typically about 0 volts (maximum of 0.8 volts) at a DMM/DVM. Do one of
the following:

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-17

NOTE The typical values shown are valid for boards with TTL compatible out-

puts. For boards with relay outputs (REL-16, PDISO-8, and PIO-32) the
output will be a relay contact closure. For boards with open collector
outputs (PIO-HV) use a pull up resistor to an appropriate voltage to
detect output state. Refer to the hardware description in this user’s
guide for more details on the output’s electrical specification.

• If the bit patterns set on the AIO Panel do not agree with the logic levels measured at the

I/O terminals, the board is not functioning properly. Stop here, and determine why.

• If the bit patterns set on the AIO Panel agree with the logic levels measured at the I/O

terminals, then repeat steps 9, 10, and 11 for remaining output channels.

13. In the Digital Output Panel under Channels, click on the output channel to test (channel 0

in this example) as shown in Figure 2-19.

Figure 2-19

Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern B

KEITHLEY

Channels

1234567

0

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Output Bits

76 5 4 3210

Digital Output Panel

AA

14. In the Digital Output Panel under Output Bits, set the bits of channel 0 for bit pattern B as

shown in Figure 2-19.

15. Measure the voltage between signal ground and each bit of the output port with a DMM or
DVM. Make measurements at the STA-50 terminals or the cabled mating connector that is
connected to the selected CONN-3160-D1 50-pin connector.

16. Again, each bit set to ON in the AIO Panel should output a logic-high signal at the
corresponding I/O terminal, reading typically about 4 volts (minimum of 2.2 volts) at a
DMM/DVM. Each bit set to OFF in the AIO Panel should output a logic-low signal at the
corresponding I/O terminal, reading typically about 0 volts (maximum of 0.8 volts) at a
DMM/DVM.

NOTE The typical values shown are valid for boards with TTL compatible out-

puts. For boards with relay outputs (REL-16, PDISO-8, and PIO-32) the
output will be a relay contact closure. For boards with open collector
outputs (PIO-HV) use a pull up resistor to an appropriate voltage to
detect output state. Refer to the hardware description in this user’s
guide for more details on the output’s electrical specification.

17. Repeat steps 13, 14, and 15 for additional output channels.

Input read test

A similar test of input circuitry can be performed by applying an input signal of suitable type to
each input line and verifying that the appropriate input indicator changes state. Refer to the hard­ware description in this user’s guide for more details on the input’s electrical specifications.

• If the bit patterns set on the AIO Panel do not agree with the logic levels measured at the

I/O terminals, the board is not functioning properly. Stop here, and determine why.

• If the bit patterns set on the AIO Panel do agree with the logic levels measured at the I/O

terminals, and you have performed an output set test for all ports, the board is functioning
properly.

2-18 Installation PIO-96J User’s Manual

Connecting the board to your external circuits

After the software and board are installed, configured, and checked, you are ready to connect the
board to your external circuits. Do the following:

1. Turn off the power to your computer.

2. Review the pin assignments for each I/O connector on your board, as discussed in the next
section.

3. Connect the cables to your external system using appropriate accessories, which are dis­cussed under “Connecting I/O cables and interface accessories.”

Identifying I/O connector pin assignments for the PIO-96J

All connections to the PIO-96J are made through four identical 50-pin I/O connectors located
along the board. The pin assignments for each of these connectors are shown in Figure 2-20 (a
top view of the pins).

Each of these connectors interfaces with accessories and external circuits via 50-conductor
cables, as discussed earlier in this manual under “Installing the needed interface cables.” The pin
assignments in Figure 2-20 also apply to the connectors on these cables.

Figure 2-20

Board I/O connector pinout

PA7
PA6
PA5
PA4
PA3
PA2
PA1

PA0
PC7
PC6
PC5
PC4
PC3
PC2
PC1
PC0
PB7
PB6
PB5
PB4
PB3
PB2
PB1
PB0

01
03
05
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49

02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50

+5V

Mating connector is part number 3M 3425-6050

Signal Ground

PIO-96J User’s Manual Installation 2-19

Connecting I/O cables and interface accessories

CAUTION If a cable is connected to the board, make sure power to both the

board and all external circuits is turned OFF before connecting
this cable to the external circuits. Making connections while the
board and/or the external circuit is powered can damage the
board, the external circuit, or both.

Using cables and accessories is illustrated in Figure 2-21. Each item is described in Table 2-1. For
more information about these products, refer to your Keithley data acquisition or full line catalog
or consult your Keithley dealer.

Figure 2-21

Using cables and accessories

ADP-5037

C-1800

PIO-96J

J102 J103 J104 J105

SRA-01 or

ERA-01

CACC-2000

ERB-24 or

SSIO-24

CACC-2000

STA-50 or

STP-50

Table 2-1

Description of manufactured cables and accessories

Cable/accessory Description

ADP-5037 PIO-96 to 37-pin conversion cable.

CACC-2000 Cable, 24 in., PIO-96J to STA-50, STP-50, ERB-24, or SSIO-24.

ERA-01 8-channel SPDT relay output assembly. Requires C1800 and ADP-5037

cables.

ERB-24 24-channel DPDT relay output board. Requires CACC-2000 cable.

SRA-01 8-channel solid state I/O module accessory. Requires C1800 and

ADP-5037 cables.

SSIO-24 24-channel solid state I/O module board. Requires CACC-2000 cable.

STA-50 Universal 50-pin screw terminal board. Requires CACC-2000 cable.

STP-50 Screw terminal panel with 50-pin male header. Requires CACC-2000

cable.

3

Programming

3-2 Programming PIO-96J User’s Manual

You do not program the registers of your PIO-96J board directly through Windows 95/98/NT.
Instead, you program register changes through the application programming interface (API) of
DriverLINX. DriverLINX is provided on the CD-ROM that comes with your board and should
now be installed on your system. (Refer to Section 2.) Using DriverLINX, you can program the
board in Visual C/C++, Visual Basic, and Delphi.

DriverLINX features are summarized in Section 1. For detailed information about DriverLINX
in general and about programming with DriverLINX specifically, refer to your DriverLINX
documentation.

To access the DriverLINX documents on-line, Acrobat Reader (version 3.0 or greater) must be
installed on your computer.

To access the DriverLINX documentation after you have installed it on your computer, do the
following:

1. Click the Windows 95/98/NT Start tab.

2. In the Start menu, click Programs.

3. Find the DriverLINX folder, under which you should find the On-line Manuals entry.

4. Click on the On-line Manuals entry. The DriverLINX Printable Documentation table of

contents opens via Acrobat reader.

5. Scroll through the DriverLINX Printable Documentation table of contents and find the docu­ment or document category that you want.

6. Click on the wanted document or document category. Either the selected document appears
or a list of documents that fit the selected category appears.

7. If a list appears, click on the title of the document that you want. The desired document
appears.

To access the DriverLINX documentation from the CD-ROM that came with your board, do the
following:

1. In Windows Explorer, double click on X:\Drvlinx4\Docs\Toc.pdf, where X is the drive letter
of your CD-ROM drive. The DriverLINX Printable Documentation table of contents opens
via Acrobat reader.

2. Scroll through the DriverLINX Printable Documentation table of contents and find the docu­ment or document category that you want.

3. Click on the wanted document or document category. Either the selected document appears
or a list of documents that fit the selected category appears.

4. If a list appears, click on the title of the document that you want. The desired document
appears.

4

Applications

4-2 Applications PIO-96J User’s Manual

Monitoring contact closure at an input

An onboard 10 kΩ pull-up resistor (RN1 – RN12), which can be connected between each channel
and the +5V, prevents a floating input when a contact is open and gives CMOS compatibility for
TTL signals. (This customer-installed resistor, part number 09698, can be ordered from
Keithley). Figure 4-1 shows how this resistor makes an input of a PIO-96J board an effective
circuit for monitoring contact closure. See Figure 4-1 for resistor connections.

Figure 4-1

Contact-closure monitoring at an input of a PIO-96J board

+5V

10kΩ

Switch

Digital

Common

GND

Digital

Input

#n

Table 4-1

Resistor network connections

Onboard Pull-up
Resistor

PIO-96J Board

Connector Resistor network Input connection

RN10 PA0 - PA7

J1

RN11 PC0 - PC7

RN12 PB0 - PB7

RN7 PA0 - PA7

J2

RN8 PC0 - PC7

RN9 PB0 - PB7

RN4 PA0 - PA7

J3

RN5 PC0 - PC7

RN6 PB0 - PB7

RN1 PA0 - PA7

J4

RN2 PC0 - PC7

RN3 PB0 - PB7

PIO-96J User’s Manual Applications 4-3

Eliminating contact bounce

While you can eliminate contact bounce through your application program, you can also insert a
de-bounce circuit between the contacts and the input of your PIO-96J board. Figure 4-2 shows a
typical de-bounce circuit.

Figure 4-2

De-bounce circuit for an input of a PIO-96J board

+5V

10kΩ

Digital

Common

GND

10kΩ

Compatible

AND Gate

&

&

TTL

To Digital Input

of a

PIO-96J Board

Boosting relay drive current

PIO-96J boards can drive relays other than the standard solid-state relays. The maximum output
current for each channel of a PIO-96J board is 24mA at 5V. If your relay requires more than
24mA or more than 5V, you can boost the drive current and/or voltage for relay control using the
circuit shown in Figure 4-3.

Figure 4-3

NPN transistor relay control for an output of a PIO-96J board

PIO-96J Board

For drive-current requirements between 15mA and 100mA, select an NPN transistor with appro­priate current capacity. The power transistor must be rated for the required supply voltage and
must have a collector current rating no higher than 0.5A. If higher current is needed, substitute a
Darlington NPN transistor.

Digital

Output

#n

Transistor

NPN

470Ω

Min.

Digital

Common

GND

Relay

Surge

Protection

Diode

+

−

To Relay

DC Power

Supply

5

Troubleshooting

5-2 Troubleshooting PIO-96J User’s Manual

Introduction

If your PIO-96J board is not operating properly, use the information in this section to isolate the
problem before calling Technical Support. If the problem appears serious enough to warrant
technical support, refer to “Technical Support” for information on how to contact an applications
engineer.

Identifying symptoms and possible causes

Use the troubleshooting information in Table 5-1 to try to isolate the problem. Table 5-1 lists
general symptoms and possible solutions for problems with the PIO-96J board.

Table 5-1

Troubleshooting information

Symptom Possible cause Possible solution

Board does not
respond

Intermittent
operation

DriverLINX is not installed
correctly or the combined
DriverLINX/board installation
is not properly configured.

Base address is incorrect or
not consistent with what the
program is addressing.

The board configuration is
incorrect.

The board is incorrectly
aligned in the accessory slot.

The board is damaged. Contact Technical Support.

The most common cause of
this problem is that the I/O bus
speed is in excess of 8MHz.

Vibrations or loose
connections exist.

The board is overheating. Check environmental and ambient tempera-

Electrical noise exists. Provide better shielding or reroute

Reinstall and/or reconfigure DriverLINX if
necessary. Refer to “Installing the
DriverLINX software and documentation”
in Section 2 and to “Configuring the PIO
Series” in the manual Using DriverLINX

With Your Hardware—Keithley PIO Series.

Check the base address switch setting on the
board against the setting shown in the con­figuration utility. If the base address is set
correctly, make sure no other computer
device is using any of the I/O locations
beginning at the specified base address. If
necessary, reconfigure the base address.

Check the remaining settings in the configu­ration file.

Check the board for proper seating.

Reduce I/O bus speed to a maximum of
8MHz (to change the I/O bus speed, run
BIOS setup). See your computer documen­tation for instructions on running BIOS
setup.

Cushion source of vibration and tighten
connections.

ture. See your computer documentation.

unshielded wiring.

PIO-96J User’s Manual Troubleshooting 5-3

Table 5-1 (cont.)

Troubleshooting information

Symptom Possible cause Possible solution

Data appears to
be invalid

Computer does
not boot

System lockup A timing error occurred. Restart your computer.

The most common cause of
this problem is that the I/O bus
speed is in excess of 8MHz.

An open connection exists. Check wiring to screw terminal.

Another system resource is
using the specified base
address.

Transducer is not connected to
channel being read.

Board not seated properly. Check the installation of the board.

The base address setting of the
PIO-96J board conflicts with
that of another system
resource.

The power supply of the host
computer is too small to han­dle all the system resources.

Reduce I/O bus speed to a maximum of
8MHz (to change the I/O bus speed, run
BIOS setup). See your computer documen­tation for instructions on running BIOS
setup.

Reconfigure the base address of the PIO-96J
board. Check the I/O assignments of other
system resources and reconfigure, if
necessary.

Check the transducer connections.

Check the base address settings of your sys­tem resources; each address must be unique.

Check the needs of all system resources and
obtain a larger power supply.

If your board is not operating properly after using the information in Table 5-1, continue with the
following paragraphs to further isolate the problem.

Getting error information from DriverLINX

The two DriverLINX error reporting features summarized below may be helpful in identifying
problem causes. Refer to your DriverLINX documentation for more information.

DriverLINX Event Viewer

The DriverLINX Event Viewer displays the Windows system event log. Applications and
hardware drivers make entries in the system event log to assist in predicting and troubleshooting
hardware and software problems.

DriverLINX uses the event log to report problems during driver loading or unexpected system
errors. The event log can assist in troubleshooting resource conflicts and DriverLINX configu­ration errors. If you are having trouble configuring or initializing a Logical Device, check the
event log for information from the DriverLINX driver.

Using the DriverLINX Event Viewer, you can view, save and e-mail DriverLINX event log entries
under Windows 95/98 or Windows NT. DriverLINX event log entries can help you or technical
support troubleshoot data-acquisition hardware and software problems.

5-4 Troubleshooting PIO-96J User’s Manual

Device initialization error messages

During device initialization, DriverLINX performs a thorough test of all possible subsystems on
PIO-96J boards as well as the computer interface. If DriverLINX detects any problems or
unexpected responses, it reports an error message to help isolate the problem. The device initial­ization error messages fall into three basic categories:

• Device not found — Board address does not match hardware setting or conflicts with

another board. Verify the board’s address settings. Also, do not confuse hexadecimal with
decimal addresses in the DriverLINX Device Configure dialog box.

• Invalid IRQ level or Invalid DMA level — Selected level does not match hardware setting,

conflicts with another board’s IRQ/DMA levels, or is dedicated to the computer’s internal
functions (COM port, disk drive controller, network adapter, etc.)

• Hardware does not match configuration — Operating mode/range switch or jumper set-

ting does not match selection(s) made in the DriverLINX Device Configuration dialog box.

Testing the board and host computer

To isolate the problem to the PIO-96J board or to the host computer, use the following steps.

CAUTION Removing a board with the power ON can cause damage to your

board and/or computer.

1. Turn the power to the host computer OFF, and remove power connections to the computer.

2. While keeping connections to accessories intact, unplug the cable to the main I/O connector
of the PIO-96J board.

3. Remove the board from the computer and visually check for damage. If a board is obviously
damaged, refer to “Technical support” for information on returning the board.

4. With the PIO-96J board out of the computer, check the computer for proper operation. Power
up the computer and perform any necessary diagnostics.

At this point, if you have another PIO-96J board that you know is functional, you can test the slot
and I/O connections using the instructions in the next section. If you do not have another board,
call technical support.

PIO-96J User’s Manual Troubleshooting 5-5

Testing the accessory slot and I/O connections

When you are sure that the computer is operating properly, test the computer accessory slot and
I/O connections using another PIO-96J board that you know is functional. To test the computer
accessory slot and the I/O connections, follow these steps:

1. Remove computer power again, and install a PIO-96J board that you know is functional. Do
not make any I/O connections.

2. Turn computer power ON and check operation with the functional board in place. This test
checks the computer accessory slot. If you were using more than one board when the prob­lem occurred, use the functional board to also test the other slot.

3. If the accessory slots are functional, use the functional board to check the I/O connections.
Reconnect and check the operation of the I/O connections, one at a time.

4. If operation fails for an I/O connection, check the individual inputs one at a time for shorts
and opens.

5. If operation remains normal to this point, the problem is in the PIO-96J board(s) originally in
the computer. If you were using more than one board, try each board one at a time in the
computer to determine which is faulty.

6. If you cannot isolate the problem, refer to the following paragraph for information on obtain­ing technical support.

5-6 Troubleshooting PIO-96J User’s Manual

Technical support

Before returning any equipment for repair, call Keithley for technical support at:

1-800-348-3735
Monday - Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time

An applications engineer will help you diagnose and resolve your problem over the telephone.

Please make sure you have the following information available before calling the factory for
technical support:

PIO-96J Board
Configuration

Computer Manufacturer

Operating System DOS version

Software Package Name

Compiler
(if applicable)

Accessories Type

Model
Serial #
Revision code
Base address setting
Interrupt level setting
Number of channels

CPU type
Clock speed (MHz)
KB of RAM
Video system
BIOS type

Windows version
Windows mode

Serial #
Version
Invoice/Order #

Language
Manufacturer
Version

Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type

____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________

____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________

____________________
____________________
____________________

____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________

____________________
____________________
____________________

____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________

When returning equipment for repair, include the following information:

• Your name, address, and telephone number.

• The P.O. number and date of equipment purchase.

• Model and serial number of the product.

• A description of the problem or its symptoms.

• The RMA number on the outside of the package.

PIO-96J User’s Manual Troubleshooting 5-7

Repackage the equipment, using the original anti-static wrapping, if possible, and handle it with
ground protection. Ship the equipment to:

ATTN: RMA #_______
Repair Department
Keithley Instruments, Inc.
28775 Aurora Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44139

Telephone 1-888-KEITHLEY
FAX [phone]

NOTE If you are submitting your equipment for repair under warranty, you

must include the invoice number and date of purchase.

To enable Keithley to respond as quickly as possible, you must include
the RMA number on the outside of the package.

A

Specifications

A-2 Specifications PIO-96J User’s Manual

Specifications for PIO-96J boards are listed in the following tables.

Table A-1

Digital input/output specifications

Feature Value

Number of channels 96, bidirectional

I/O interface One 8255A Mode 0 emulation circuit for

each group of 24 channels

I/O signal LS-TTL, non-isolation

Pull-up resistors (customer supplied) 10kΩ, one per channel (RN1 – RN12)

Table A-2

Input parameter specifications

Feature Value

V

IH

V

IL

I

IH

I

IL

2V minimum

0.8V maximum

20µA maximum at VI = 2.7V

−0.2mA maximum at VI = 0.4V

Table A-3

Output parameter specifications

Feature Value

V

V

I

I

OH

OL

OH

OL

2.4V minimum at I

0.4V maximum at IOL = 12mA

−15mA maximum

24mA maximum

OH

= −3mA

PIO-96J User’s Manual Specifications A-3

Table A-4

General specifications

Feature Value

Base I/O address range Any 16-bit boundary

Base I/O address DIP switch selectable; default is 300h

External connections One 50-pin connector for each 24-channel group

Operating temperature 32˚ to 122˚F (0˚ to 50˚C)

Storage temperature 32˚ to 158˚F (0˚ to 70˚C)

Relative humidity 20 to 90%, noncondensing

Power consumption +5VDC, 1.6A typical

+5V line from all I/O connectors 1A maximum

Physical dimensions 9 × 4.2 × 0.75 inches (229 × 107 × 19mm)

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

B

I/O Address Map

B-2 I/O Address Map PIO-96J User’s Manual

The PIO-96J uses 16 locations in I/O address space (see Table B-1). Note that the PIO-96J
requires a full block of 16 I/O addresses. For correct operation, no other adapter can conflict with
any I/O address within this range (even if the upper ports will not be used).

Table B-1

I/O address locations

Location Function Type

Bits 0-23

Base Address +0

+1
+2
+3

Bits 24-47

Base Address +4

+5
+6
+7

Bits 48-71

Base Address +8

+9
+10
+11

Bits 72-95

Base Address +12

+13
+14
+15

J1 PA Port
J1 PB Port
J1 PC Port
J1 Control

J2 PA Port
J2 PB Port
J2 PC Port
J2 Control

J3 PA Port
J3 PB Port
J3 PC Port
J3 Control

J4 PA Port
J4 PB Port
J4 PC Port
J4 Control

Read/Write
Read/Write
Read/Write
Write Only

Read/Write
Read/Write
Read/Write
Write Only

Read/Write
Read/Write
Read/Write
Write Only

Read/Write
Read/Write
Read/Write
Write Only

PIO-96J User’s Manual I/O Address Map B-3

The 24 digital I/O channels of a group include three 8-channel ports, as follows: Port A, Port B,
and Port C. Table B-2 shows the I/O addressing of these ports.

Table B-2

I/O address map for a PIO-96J

Base I/O Address Write Read

+0h J1-Port A J1-Port A

+1h J1-Port B J1-Port B

+2h J1-Port C J1-Port C

+3h J1-Control Word —

+4h J2-Port A J2-Port A

+5h J2-Port B J2-Port B

+6h J3-Port C J2-Port C

+7h J2-Control Word —

+8h J3-Port A J3-Port A

+9h J3-Port B J3-Port B

+Ah J3-Port C J3-Port C

+Bh J3-Control Word —

+Ch J4-Port A J4-Port A

+Dh J4-Port B J4-Port B

+Eh J4-Port C J4-Port C

+Fh J4-Control Word —

Note that in Table B-2, each group of ports has its own Control Word. The Control Word for a
particular group determines whether each port in that group is functioning as an input or an
output. Control Words are described in the following paragraphs.

B-4 I/O Address Map PIO-96J User’s Manual

Control word register

Before using your board, you must set the Control Word for each group to configure the ports as
inputs or outputs. The Control Word for each group is contained in an 8-bit, write-only, Control
Word register for that group. Table B-3 shows the bit assignments of a Control Word register.

Table B-3

Bit assignments for a control word register

Bit # Value

71

60

50

4 Port A: 1 = input; 0 = output

3 Port C (upper four bits): 1 = input; 0 = output

20

1 Port B: 1 = input; 0 = output

0 Port C (lower four bits): 1 = input; 0 = output

Note that you can set Port A, Port B, and the upper and lower four bits of Port C independently.
As an example, the following register bits show a Control Word of 93h. This Control Word sets
Ports A, B, and C-Lower as inputs while setting Port C-Upper as an output.

Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

10010011

Index

A

Accessories

relay boards 2-19

terminal boards 2-19
Address map, I/O B-2
AIO Panel

checking installation with 2-12

starting 2-12

B

Board

grounding during handling to protect 2-5

handling 2-5, 2-19

C

Checking the installation 2-12
Computer resources

determination for installation 2-2
Configuring

DriverLINX 2-4

installation 2-4
Connections

accessories 2-19

cables 2-19

using interface accessories 2-19
Connectors, I/O

port group assignments 2-19

D

Device intitialization error messages 5-4
Documentation, DriverLINX

accessing 2-3, 3-2

installing 2-2
Documentation, this manual, installing 2-2
DriverLINX

configuring 2-4

description 1-3

device intitialization error messages 5-4

documentation, accessing 2-3, 3-2
documentation, installing 2-2
event log 5-3
installing 2-2
programming 3-2

E

Error messages

device initialization 5-4

Event log

used to detect errors 5-3

F

Features and operating characteristics 1-2

G

Grounding

handling to protect board 2-5
to protect board 2-5, 2-19

I

I/O address map B-2
I/O bit tests 2-12

General information 2-12
Input read test 2-17
Output set test 2-15

Installation

accessories 2-19
cables 2-19
checking 2-12
configuring 2-4
resource inventory 2-2

Installing

documentation 2-2
software, DriverLINX 2-2

Interfaces

installing for applications 2-3

i-1

M

R

Manuals, DriverLINX

accessing 2-3, 3-2
installing 2-2

Maps, address B-2

P

Precautions

installation

board 2-5
DriverLINX before board 2-2

Programming

DriverLINX 3-2
overview 1-3
registers 3-2

Registers

programming 3-2

Resources, installation, inventory 2-2

S

Software, DriverLINX

description 1-3
installing 2-2
programming 3-2

Supporting software 1-3

T

Technical support 5-6

i-2

Specifications are subject to change without notice.
All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other

trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone]

1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

Sales Offices: BELGIUM: Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02-363 00 40 • Fax: [phone]

CHINA: Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-6202-2886 • Fax: [phone]
FINLAND: Tietäjäntie 2 • 02130 Espoo • Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
FRANCE: 3, allée des Garays • 91127 Palaiseau Cédex • 01-64 53 20 20 • Fax: [phone]
GERMANY: Landsberger Strasse 65 • 82110 Germering • 089/84 93 07-40 • Fax: [phone]
GREAT BRITAIN: Unit 2 Commerce Park, Brunel Road • Theale • Berkshire RG7 4AB • 0118 929 7500 • Fax: [phone]
INDIA: Flat 2B, Willocrissa • 14, Rest House Crescent • Bangalore 560 001 • 91-80-509-1320/21 • Fax: [phone]
ITALY: Viale San Gimignano, 38 • 20146 Milano • 02-48 39 16 01 • Fax: [phone]
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© Copyright 2001 Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Printed in the U.S.A.

4/02