Tektronix 2302-2306 DC Power Supply User Manual

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Model 2302/2302-PJ/2306/2306/2306-VS Battery/Charger Simulator

Instruction Manual

2306-901-01 Rev. F / April 2008

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, software, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, Keithley Instruments will, at its option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley Instruments representative, or contact Keithley Instruments headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley Instruments’ express written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE THE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE, EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COST OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139

440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • 1-888-KEITHLEY (1-888-534-8453) • www.keithley.com

3/07

Model 2302/2302-PJ/2306/2306-PJ/2306-VS

Battery/Charger Simulator

Instruction Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Sixth Printing, April 2008

Document Number: 2306-901-01 Rev. F

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes sub sequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revi sion of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 2306-901-01) .............................................................. March 1999

Addendum A (Document Number 2306-901-02) ........................................................ January 2000

Revision B (Document Number 2306-901-01) ................................................................. May 2000

Addendum B (Document Number 2306-901-02)..................................................... November 2000

Revision C (Document Number 2306-901-01) .......................................................... February 2001

Revision D (Document Number 2306-901-01) ................................................................ June 2003

Revision E (Document Number 2306-901-01) ................................................................. July 2003

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired. The types of product users are: Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring

that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC

60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the user documentation.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedancelimited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power recep tacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

11/07

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the

circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with specifications and operating instructions, or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard. Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground

connections. If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation

requires the use of a lid interlock. If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation. The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user shoul d refer to the operating instructions located in the

documentation. The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined

effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns. The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.

The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables. To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, rep lacement components in mains circuits - including the power

transformer, test leads, and input jacks - must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

T o clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water-based cleaner . Clean the exterior of the instrument only . Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

1 Getting Started

General information ................................................................................................ 1-2

Warranty information ...................................................................................... 1-2

Contact information ......................................................................................... 1-2

Safety symbols and terms ................................................................................ 1-2

Specifications ................................................................................................... 1-2

Inspection ......................................................................................................... 1-3

Options and accessories ................................................................................... 1-3

Power supply overview ........................................................................................... 1-4

Remote display option ............................................................................................ 1-7

Power-up ................................................................................................................. 1-8

Line power connection ..................................................................................... 1-8

Power-up sequence .......................................................................................... 1-8

Fuse replacement ............................................................................................. 1-9

Display modes ....................................................................................................... 1-10

Default settings ..................................................................................................... 1-11

Setups — Save, Power-on, and Recall .......................................................... 1-14

Menu ..................................................................................................................... 1-14

Getting around the MENU ............................................................................. 1-17

SCPI programming ............................................................................................... 1-18

2 Basic Power Supply Operation

Test connections ...................................................................................................... 2-2

Remote sense ................................................................................................... 2-3

Local sense ....................................................................................................... 2-4

RFI considerations ........................................................................................... 2-4

Outputting voltage and current ............................................................................... 2-5

Setting voltage protection value ...................................................................... 2-5

Selecting proper current range ......................................................................... 2-6

Selecting current limit mode ............................................................................ 2-6

Editing output voltage and current limit values ............................................... 2-7

Pressing operate ............................................................................................... 2-9

Output bandwidth .................................................................................................. 2-10

Output impedance ................................................................................................. 2-11

Changing the battery channel’s output impedance ........................................ 2-11

SCPI programming — outputting voltage and current ......................................... 2-12

Command notes (outputting voltage and current) ......................................... 2-13

Reading back V and I ............................................................................................ 2-15

Actual V and I display mode ......................................................................... 2-15

Measurement configuration ........................................................................... 2-15

SCPI programming — measure V and I, and DVM input .................................... 2-17

Command notes (measure V and I, and DVM input) ................................... 2-18

Independent voltage measurements (DVM) ......................................................... 2-18

DVM input display mode .............................................................................. 2-18

Measurement configuration ........................................................................... 2-19

SCPI programming — DVM ................................................................................ 2-19

Sink operation ....................................................................................................... 2-19

Programming examples ........................................................................................ 2-21

Outputting and reading back V and I ............................................................ 2-21

DVM measurements ...................................................................................... 2-22

3 Pulse Current Measurements

Overview ................................................................................................................ 3-2

Trigger level .................................................................................................... 3-3

Trigger level range .......................................................................................... 3-3

Trigger delay ................................................................................................... 3-3

Integration times .............................................................................................. 3-4

Average readings count ................................................................................... 3-5

Measurement configuration .................................................................................... 3-6

Current range ................................................................................................... 3-6

Integration times .............................................................................................. 3-6

Average readings count ................................................................................... 3-7

Trigger delay, trigger level range, and trigger level ........................................ 3-7

Pulse current display mode ............................................................................. 3-9

Pulse current measurement procedure .................................................................. 3-10

Determining correct trigger level (pulse current) .......................................... 3-10

SCPI programming — pulse current measurements ............................................ 3-13

Command notes (pulse current measurements) ............................................ 3-15

Using FAST, SEARch, and DETect ............................................................. 3-17

Pulse current digitization ...................................................................................... 3-22

Pulse current step method ..................................................................................... 3-23

TLEV steps .................................................................................................... 3-23

Timeout setting .............................................................................................. 3-28

Integration time ............................................................................................. 3-29

Trigger level range ........................................................................................ 3-29

Programming examples ........................................................................................ 3-29

Pulse current measurements .......................................................................... 3-30

Pulse current digitization ............................................................................... 3-31

Pulse current STEP method (battery channel only) ...................................... 3-32

4 Long Integration Measurements

Overview ................................................................................................................ 4-2

Integration time ............................................................................................... 4-3

Trigger edge .................................................................................................... 4-3

Trigger level .................................................................................................... 4-4

Trigger level range ........................................................................................... 4-4

Pulse timeout .................................................................................................... 4-4

Measurement configuration .................................................................................... 4-7

Current range ................................................................................................... 4-7

Integration time ................................................................................................ 4-7

Pulse timeout .................................................................................................... 4-8

Trigger edge, trigger level, and trigger level range ......................................... 4-8

Long integration display mode ...................................................................... 4-10

Long integration measurement procedure ............................................................. 4-10

General notes ................................................................................................. 4-11

Determining correct trigger level (long integration) ...................................... 4-11

SCPI programming ............................................................................................... 4-13

Command notes (long integration measurements) ........................................ 4-15

Using FAST, SEARch, and DETect .............................................................. 4-15

Programming examples ......................................................................................... 4-19

5 Relay Control

Overview ................................................................................................................. 5-2

Connections ............................................................................................................. 5-4

Controlling relays .................................................................................................... 5-5

SCPI programming .......................................................................................... 5-6

6 External Triggering (Model 2306-VS Only)

Overview ................................................................................................................. 6-2

Model 2306-VS features .................................................................................. 6-2

Typical trigger sequence .................................................................................. 6-2

Trigger connections ................................................................................................. 6-3

Trigger connectors ........................................................................................... 6-3

Trigger signals ................................................................................................. 6-4

Commands .............................................................................................................. 6-5

Command notes ............................................................................................... 6-6

External trigger sequences ............................................................................. 6-12

Programming examples ......................................................................................... 6-16

7 GPIB Operation

Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7-2

GPIB bus connections ............................................................................................. 7-2

Primary address ....................................................................................................... 7-4

Setting the GPIB timeout for responses .................................................................. 7-4

Long integration readings ................................................................................ 7-5

Pulse current readings ...................................................................................... 7-5

MAV (Message Available Bit) ........................................................................ 7-5

General bus commands ........................................................................................... 7-6

Front panel aspects of GPIB operation ................................................................... 7-8

Programming syntax ............................................................................................... 7-9

8 Status Structure

Overview ................................................................................................................ 8-2

Clearing registers and queues ................................................................................. 8-4

Programming and reading registers ........................................................................ 8-5

Programming enable registers ......................................................................... 8-5

Reading registers ............................................................................................. 8-5

Status byte and service request (SRQ) ................................................................... 8-6

Status byte register .......................................................................................... 8-7

Service request enable register ........................................................................ 8-8

Serial polling and SRQ .................................................................................... 8-8

Status byte and service request commands ..................................................... 8-9

Status register sets ................................................................................................ 8-10

Condition registers ........................................................................................ 8-17

Event registers ............................................................................................... 8-17

Event enable registers .................................................................................... 8-18

Programming example — program and read measurement event register ... 8-19

Queues .................................................................................................................. 8-19

Output queue ................................................................................................. 8-20

Error queue .................................................................................................... 8-20

Programming example — read error queue .................................................. 8-21

9 Common Commands

Overview ................................................................................................................ 9-2

Command notes (IEEE-488.2 common commands and queries) ................... 9-3

10 Signal Oriented Measurement Commands

Overview .............................................................................................................. 10-2

Command notes (Signal oriented measurement commands and queries) ..... 10-3

11 DISPlay, FORMat, and SYSTem

DISPlay subsystem ............................................................................................... 11-2

Command notes (SCPI commands — display) ............................................. 11-2

FORMat subsystem .............................................................................................. 11-4

Command notes (SCPI commands — data format) ...................................... 11-5

:SYSTem subsystem ............................................................................................. 11-7

Command notes (SCPI commands — system) ............................................. 11-8

12 SCPI Tables

SCPI command subsystems reference tables ........................................................ 12-2

13 Performance Verification

Introduction ........................................................................................................... 13-2

Verification test requirements ............................................................................... 13-3

Environmental conditions .............................................................................. 13-3

Warm-up period ............................................................................................. 13-3

Line power ..................................................................................................... 13-3

Recommended test equipment .............................................................................. 13-4

Resistor connections ...................................................................................... 13-4

Resistor considerations .................................................................................. 13-4

Verification limits ................................................................................................. 13-5

Example limits calculation ............................................................................. 13-5

Performing the verification test procedures .......................................................... 13-5

Test summary ................................................................................................. 13-5

Test considerations ........................................................................................ 13-5

Output voltage accuracy ........................................................................................ 13-6

Voltage readback accuracy ................................................................................... 13-8

Compliance current accuracy ................................................................................ 13-9

Current readback accuracy .................................................................................. 13-11

5A range readback accuracy ........................................................................ 13-11

5mA range readback accuracy ..................................................................... 13-12

500mA range readback accuracy ................................................................. 13-14

Digital voltmeter input accuracy ......................................................................... 13-16

14 Calibration

Introduction ........................................................................................................... 14-2

Environmental conditions ..................................................................................... 14-2

Temperature and relative humidity ................................................................ 14-2

Warm-up period ............................................................................................. 14-2

Line power ..................................................................................................... 14-2

Calibration considerations ..................................................................................... 14-3

Calibration cycle ............................................................................................ 14-3

Recommended calibration equipment ................................................................... 14-3

Resistor connections ...................................................................................... 14-4

Resistor considerations .................................................................................. 14-4

Front panel calibration .......................................................................................... 14-4

Remote calibration .............................................................................................. 14-11

Remote calibration display .......................................................................... 14-11

Remote calibration procedure ...................................................................... 14-12

Changing the calibration code ............................................................................. 14-17

Changing the code from the front panel ...................................................... 14-17

Changing the code by remote ...................................................................... 14-17

Resetting the calibration code ..................................................................... 14-18

Viewing calibration date and count .................................................................... 14-19

Viewing date and count from the front panel .............................................. 14-19

Acquiring date and count by remote ........................................................... 14-19

15 Disassembly

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 15-2

Handling and cleaning .......................................................................................... 15-2

Handling PC boards ...................................................................................... 15-2

Solder repairs ................................................................................................. 15-2

Static sensitive devices .................................................................................. 15-3

Assembly drawings .............................................................................................. 15-3

Disassembly procedures ....................................................................................... 15-4

Case cover removal ....................................................................................... 15-4

Analog board removal .................................................................................. 15-4

Digital board removal .................................................................................... 15-5

Front panel disassembly ................................................................................ 15-5

Removing mechanical components ............................................................... 15-5

Instrument reassembly .......................................................................................... 15-6

16 Replaceable Parts

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 16-2

Ordering information ............................................................................................ 16-2

Factory service ...................................................................................................... 16-2

Parts lists and component layouts ......................................................................... 16-2

A Specifications

B Error and Status Messages

C Calibration Reference

Introduction ............................................................................................................ C-2

Command summary ........................................................................................ C-2

Miscellaneous commands ....................................................................................... C-2

Detecting calibration errors .................................................................................... C-6

Reading the error queue .................................................................................. C-6

Error summary ................................................................................................. C-6

Status byte EAV (Error Available) bit ............................................................ C-6

Generating an SRQ on error ............................................................................ C-6

Detecting calibration step completion .................................................................... C-8

Using the *OPC command .............................................................................. C-8

Using the *OPC? query ................................................................................... C-8

Generating an SRQ on calibration complete .................................................. C-8

D Calibration Program

Introduction ............................................................................................................ D-2

Computer hardware requirements .......................................................................... D-2

Software requirements ........................................................................................... D-2

Calibration equipment ............................................................................................ D-2

General program instructions ................................................................................. D-3

E Applications Guide

Simulating battery impedance ................................................................................ E-2

Variable output impedance control on channel #1 ......................................... E-2

F Model 2302 Specifics

General information ................................................................................................ F-2

Specifications ................................................................................................... F-2

Power supply overview .................................................................................... F-2

Operational differences ........................................................................................... F-2

Front panel operation ....................................................................................... F-2

SCPI operation ................................................................................................. F-2

Calibration ....................................................................................................... F-3

G 488.1 Protocol

GPIB 488.1protocol ............................................................................................... G-2

Selecting the 488.1 protocol ........................................................................... G-2

Protocol differences ........................................................................................ G-3

Trigger on talk both channels ................................................................................. G-5

Bus commands ................................................................................................ G-5

Command notes .............................................................................................. G-6

Trigger continuous mode ....................................................................................... G-6

Bus commands ................................................................................................ G-6

Command notes .............................................................................................. G-7

Using trigger continuous mode ....................................................................... G-7

Index ........................................................................................................................ 1-1

List of Illustrations

1 Getting Started

Figure 1-1 Model 2306 and 2306-PJ dual channel battery/charger simulator ..................... 1-4

Figure 1-2 Model 2306-VS dual channel battery/charger simulator .................................... 1-5

Figure 1-3 Simplified power supply diagram ....................................................................... 1-6

Figure 1-4 2304-DISP Remote display option (2306-DISP similar) ................................... 1-7

Figure 1-5 Fuse drawer location ........................................................................................... 1-9

2 Basic Power Supply Operation

Figure 2-1 Four-wire sense connections for battery and charger channels .......................... 2-3

Figure 2-2 Local sense connections ..................................................................................... 2-4

Figure 2-3 Sink operation ................................................................................................... 2-20

Figure 2-4 Preferred method .............................................................................................. 2-20

3 Pulse Current Measurements

Figure 3-1 Pulse current measurement ................................................................................. 3-2

Figure 3-2 Trigger delay for high pulse current measurement ............................................. 3-4

Figure 3-3 Determining voltage and current characteristics .............................................. 3-11

Figure 3-4 PCURent and SEARch time for pulse high measurement ................................ 3-18

Figure 3-5 Sample pulse forms for step method ................................................................ 3-25

Figure 3-6 Sample one-shot only pulses for step method .................................................. 3-25

Figure 3-7 Sample :STEP Pulse measurement ................................................................... 3-26

Figure 3-8 Pulse form with rise and fall steps .................................................................... 3-26

Figure 3-9 Pulse form with down steps first (600μsec step duration) ................................ 3-27

4 Long Integration Measurements

Figure 4-1 Steady state for waveforms based on low pulse times ........................................ 4-3

Figure 4-2 Long integration, search, and reading time comparison ..................................... 4-5

Figure 4-3 TOUT and search time ...................................................................................... 4-16

5 Relay Control

Figure 5-1 External source relay control .............................................................................. 5-3

Figure 5-2 Internal source relay control ............................................................................... 5-3

Figure 5-3 Relay connector (9-pin D-sub) ........................................................................... 5-4

6 External Triggering (Model 2306-VS Only)

Figure 6-1 Typical trigger sequence ..................................................................................... 6-3

Figure 6-2 Model 2306-VS rear panel trigger connectors .................................................... 6-3

Figure 6-3 Trigger input signal ............................................................................................. 6-4

Figure 6-4 Trigger output signal ........................................................................................... 6-4

7 GPIB Operation

Figure 7-1 IEEE-488 connector ........................................................................................... 7-2

Figure 7-2 Daisy chaining .................................................................................................... 7-3

8 Status Structure

Figure 8-1 Status model structure ........................................................................................ 8-3

Figure 8-2 16-bit status register ........................................................................................... 8-5

Figure 8-3 Status byte and service request .......................................................................... 8-6

Figure 8-4 Standard event status ........................................................................................ 8-11

Figure 8-5 Operation event status ...................................................................................... 8-13

Figure 8-6 Measurement event status ................................................................................ 8-15

Figure 8-7 Questionable event status ................................................................................. 8-16

11 DISPlay, FORMat, and SYSTem

Figure 11-1 IEEE-754 single precision data format ............................................................ 11-5

Figure 11-2 IEEE-754 double precision data format ........................................................... 11-6

13 Performance Verification

Figure 13-1 Connections for voltage verification tests ........................................................ 13-6

Figure 13-2 Connections for output current and 5A range current verification tests .......... 13-9

Figure 13-3 Connections for 5mA current verification tests ............................................. 13-12

Figure 13-4 Connections for 500mA current verification tests ......................................... 13-14

Figure 13-5 Connections for DVM accuracy verification ................................................. 13-16

14 Calibration

Figure 14-1 Connections for voltage calibration ................................................................. 14-6

Figure 14-2 Connections for 5A/500mA current calibration ............................................... 14-7

Figure 14-3 Connections for 5mA range calibration ........................................................... 14-9

Figure 14-4 Jumper connections to reset calibration code ................................................. 14-18

E Applications Guide 1

Figure E-1 Battery schema.tic .............................................................................................. E-2

Figure E-2 Actual battery pack terminal voltage during GSM phone simulation ................ E-3

Figure E-3 Simulated GSM phone current profile ............................................................... E-4

Figure E-4 Electronic resistance of NiCd, NiMH, and Li ion battery packs ....................... E-4

Figure E-5 Effect of the variable output impedance control ................................................ E-5

Figure E-6 Li ion voltage drop during the transmit portion of the pulse ............................ E-6

Figure E-7 Model 2306 voltage drop during the transmit portion of the pulse .................... E-7

F Model 2302 Specifics 1

Figure F-1 Model 2302 and 2302-PJ single channel battery simulator ............................... F-3

List of Tables

1 Getting Started

Table 1-1 Display samples ................................................................................................ 1-11

Table 1-2 Factory defaults (RST) ...................................................................................... 1-12

Table 1-3 Main MENU structure (accessed by pressing the MENU

2 Basic Power Supply Operation

Table 2-1 Current ranges ..................................................................................................... 2-6

Table 2-2 Output bandwidth setting for a channel ............................................................ 2-10

Table 2-3 SCPI command summary — outputting voltage and current ........................... 2-12

Table 2-4 SCPI commands — measure V and I, and DVM input .................................... 2-17

3 Pulse Current Measurements

Table 3-1 TRIG NOT DETECTED message .................................................................... 3-12

Table 3-2 SCPI commands — pulse current measurements ............................................. 3-13

Table 3-3 PCURrent FAST, SEARch, and DETect commands ........................................ 3-20

Table 3-4 Setting UP and DOWN commands .................................................................. 3-24

Table 3-5 Sample TLEV values for Figure 3-8 ................................................................. 3-27

Table 3-6 Sample integration times .................................................................................. 3-29

4 Long Integration Measurements

Table 4-1 TRIG NOT DETECTED message .................................................................... 4-12

Table 4-2 SCPI commands — long integration measurements ........................................ 4-13

Table 4-3 FAST, SEARch, and DETect command reference ............................................ 4-16

key on the Front Panel) ..................................................................................... 1-15

5 Relay Control

Table 5-1 Relay pinouts (for Figure 5-3) ............................................................................. 5-4

Table 5-2 SCPI command — output relay control .............................................................. 5-6

6 External Triggering (Model 2306-VS Only)

Table 6-1 Model 2306-VS external trigger commands ....................................................... 6-5

Table 6-2 External trigger sequences for various operating modes .................................. 6-14

7 GPIB Operation

Table 7-1 General bus commands ....................................................................................... 7-6

8 Status Structure

Table 8-1 Common and SCPI commands — reset registers and clear queues ................... 8-4

Table 8-2 Command commands — status byte and service request enable registers ........ 8-9

Table 8-3 Common and SCPI commands — condition registers ..................................... 8-17

Table 8-4 Common and SCPI commands — event registers ........................................... 8-17

Table 8-5 Common and SCPI commands — event enable registers ................................ 8-18

Table 8-6 SCPI commands — error queue ....................................................................... 8-21

9 Common Commands

Table 9-1 IEEE-488.2 common commands and queries .................................................... 9-2

Tabl e 9-2 *OPC and *OPC? commands ............................................................................ 9-4

10 Signal Oriented Measurement Commands

Table 10-1 Signal oriented measurement command summary .......................................... 10-2

11 DISPlay, FORMat, and SYSTem

Table 11-1 SCPI commands — display ............................................................................. 11-2

Table 11-2 SCPI commands — data format ....................................................................... 11-4

Table 11-3 SCPI commands — system .............................................................................. 11-7

12 SCPI Tables

Table 12-1 Display command summary (refer to Display subsystem in Section 11) ........ 12-3

Table 12-2 FORMat command summary (refer to Format subsystem in Section 11) ....... 12-4

Table 12-3 OUTPut command summary (refer to Tables 2-3 and 5-2) ............................. 12-5

Table 12-4 SENSe command summary (refer to Tables 2-3, 3-2, and 4-2) ....................... 12-6

Table 12-5 SOURce command summary (refer to Table 2-3) ......................................... 12-16

Table 12-6 STATus command summary (refer to Section 8) ........................................... 12-17

Table 12-7 SYSTem command summary (refer to System subsystem in Section 11) ..... 12-19

Table 12-8 Model 2306-VS external trigger command summary (refer to Section 6) .... 12-20

13 Performance Verification

Table 13-1 Recommended verification equipment ............................................................. 13-4

Table 13-2 Output voltage accuracy limits ......................................................................... 13-7

Table 13-3 Voltage readback accuracy limits ..................................................................... 13-8

Table 13-4 Compliance current accuracy limits ............................................................... 13-10

Table 13-5 5A range current readback accuracy limits .................................................... 13-11

Table 13-6 5mA range current readback accuracy limits ................................................. 13-13

Table 13-7 500mA range current readback accuracy limits ............................................. 13-15

Table 13-8 Digital voltmeter input accuracy limits .......................................................... 13-17

14 Calibration

Table 14-1 Recommended calibration equipment .............................................................. 14-3

Table 14-2 Model 2306 front panel calibration summary .................................................. 14-5

Table 14-3 Remote calibration summary .......................................................................... 14-16

16 Replaceable Parts

Table 16-1 Model 2306 digital board parts list ................................................................... 16-3

Table 16-2 Model 2306 analog board parts list .................................................................. 16-7

Table 16-3 Model 2306 display board parts list ................................................................ 16-14

Table 16-4 Model 2306 mechanical parts list ................................................................... 16-15

Table 16-5 Model 2306-VS digital board parts list .......................................................... 16-16

Table 16-6 Model 2306-VS display board parts list ......................................................... 16-21

Table 16-7 Model 2306-VS analog board parts list .......................................................... 16-22

Table 16-8 Model 2306-VS mechanical parts list ............................................................. 16-31

B Error and Status Messages

Table B-1 Error and status messages (all models) .............................................................. B-2

Table B-2 Error and status messages (Model 2306-VS only) ............................................ B-5

C Calibration Reference

Table C-1 Remote calibration command summary ............................................................ C-3

Table C-2 Calibration errors ............................................................................................... C-7

G 488.1 Protocol

Table G-1 Trigger on talk bus commands ........................................................................... G-5

Table G-2 Trigger continuous bus commands .................................................................... G-6

Table G-3 Trigger continuous mode programming example .............................................. G-8

Getting Started

• General information — Provides general information including warranty information,

contact information, safety symbols and terms, inspection and available options and accessories.

• Power supply overview — Summarizes the capabilities of the power supply.

• Remote display option — Explains how to use the optional Model 2306-DISP Display Module.

• Power-up — Covers line power connection, the power up sequence, and fuse replacement.

• Display modes — Explains the four display modes of the power supply.

• Default settings — Lists the factory default settings, and explains how to save and recall settings.

• Menu — Provides a table that summarizes the menu items and includes rules to navigate the menu structure.

• SCPI programming — Explains how SCPI commands are presented in this manual.

NOTES This manual covers Keithley Models 2302, 2302-PJ, 2306, 2306-PJ, and 2306-VS

simulators (power supplies). Since the Model 2302 and 2302-PJ are single channel battery simulators, functions related to the second channel (i.e., the charger channel) are not available for the Model 2302 and 2302-PJ. Therefore:

• battery and charger channel features contained in this manual apply for the Models 2306, 2306-PJ, and 2306-VS.

• only battery channel features contained in this manual apply for the Model 2302 and 2302-PJ

Refer to Appendix F for specific Model 2302 and 2302-PJ information.

Information contained in this section applies to all power supply channels (unless otherwise noted). In this manual, channel 1 refers to the battery channel while channel 2 refers to the charger channel (2306, 2306-PJ, and 2306-VS feature only).

1-2 Getting Started

General information

Warranty information

Warranty information is located at the front of this manual. Should your power supply require warranty service, contact the Keithley representative or authorized repair facility in your area for further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure to fill out and include the service form at the back of this manual to provide the repair facility with the necessary information.

Contact information

If you have any questions after reviewing this information, please contact your local Keithley representative or call one of our Applications Engineers at 1-800-348-3735 (U.S. and Canada only). Worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual.

Safety symbols and terms

Keithley uses a standard set of safety symbols and terms that may be found on an instrument or in its manual.

The ! symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that high voltage may be present on the terminal(s). Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The WA R NI N G heading used in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading used in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Specifications

Full power supply specifications can be found in Appendix A of this manual.

Inspection

The power supply was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (Note: There may be a protective film over the display lens, which can be removed.) Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately. Save the original packing carton for possible future shipment. The following items are included with every order:

If an additional manual is required, order the manual package. The manual package includes a manual and any pertinent addenda.

Any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual will be explained in an addendum included with the manual. Be sure to note these changes and incorporate them into the manual.

Getting Started 1-3

• Model 2306 Dual Channel Battery/Charger Simulator with line cord

• Quick Disconnect Output/DVM Input Connector (2)

• Accessories as ordered

• Certificate of calibration

• Product Information CD-ROM that contains PDFs of Model 2302/2306 Instruction Manual and Model 2302/2306 Quick Results Guide

• Model 2302/2306 Quick Results Guide (Hardcopy)

• Model 2306-VS External Trigger Functionality Flowchart (Hardcopy)

Options and accessories

The following options and accessories are available for the power supply.

• 2304-DISP and 2306-DISP remote display unit (2304-DISP cannot be used with the

2306-VS, use the 2306-DISP instead)

Model

• Shielded IEEE-488 cable, 1m (3.3 ft) (P/N 7007-1)

• Shielded IEEE-488 cable, 2m (6.6 ft) (P/N 7007-2)

• Single fixed rack mount kit (P/N 4288-1)

• Dual fixed rack mount kit (P/N 4288-2)

• IEEE-488 Interface/controller for the PCI bus (P/N KPCI-488)

• IEEE Interface card for IBM PC/AT (full slot) (P/N KPC-488-2AT)

1-4 Getting Started

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

Power supply overview

The Model 2306 power supply (dual channel battery/charger simulator — see Figure 1-1) can simulate a battery (Channel #1) or a charger (Channel #2). Figure 1-2 shows the Model 2306-VS front and rear panels.

NOTE Except where noted, all information in this manual pertaining to the Model 2306 and

2306-PJ also applies to the Model 2306-VS. See Section 6 for information on opera tion specific to the Model 2306-VS.

Figure 1-1

Model 2306 and 2306-PJ dual channel battery/charger simulator

POWER

A) Front Panel

2306 DUAL CHANNEL BATTERY/CHARGER SIMULATOR

DISPLAY

OUTPUT #1

RELAY

CONTROL

24VDC MAX.

SOURCE SENSE

+++

SOURCE

____

ISOLATION FROM EARTH: 22 VOLTS MAX.

CAT

IEEE-488

(ENTER IEEE ADDRESS

FROM FRONT PANEL MENU)

+30 VDC MAX.

DVM IN

100-120VAC, 200-240VAC

DVM IN

SOURCE SENSE

+++

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

2.0A, 250V

LINE RATING

50, 60 HZ 165VA MAX.

REMOTE DISPLAY

OPTION

LOCAL

ENTER

OUTPUT #2

____

SOURCE

OPERATE

SET

DVM IN

MADE IN

U.S.A.

B) Rear Panel

Figure 1-2

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

Model 2306-VS dual channel battery/charger simulator

Getting Started 1-5

POWER

) Front Panel

2306-VS DUAL CHANNEL BATTERY/CHARGER SIMULATOR

DISPLAY

ISOLATION FROM EARTH: 22 VOLTS MAX.

MADE IN

U.S.A.

OUTPUT #1

SOURCE SENSE SOURCE

+++

IN OUT IN OUT

CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL 2

DVM IN

____

TRIGGER

CAT I

IEEE-488

DVM IN

+30 VDC MAX.

OUTPUT #2

SOURCE SENSE SOURCE

+++

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

2.0A, 250V

LINE RATING

100-120VAC, 200-240VAC

50, 60 HZ

165VA MAX.

LOCAL

ENTER

DVM IN

____

OPERATE

SET

B) Rear Panel

NOTE The output from each channel is isolated from the other channel.

Make sure that the maximum combined channel output is not exceeded (see Specifications in

Appendix A). Also, do not exceed 3A when using the power supply as a sink. For output volt

ages exceeding 5V, the maximum sink current is less than 3A (derate the maximum sink current

0.2A for each volt over 5V).

1-6 Getting Started

NOTE When using the power supply as a sink (negative polarity), the power supply is dissi-

A simplified diagram of the power supply is shown in Figure 1-3. Note that it can read back the output voltage (V

Current Readback Range: The Model 2306 has two ranges for current readback: 5A and 5mA. On the 5A range display resolution is 100μA, and on the 5mA range resolution is 0.1μA.

The power supply also has a digital voltmeter (DVM) that is independent of the power supply circuit. The DVM can measure up to +30V (1mV resolution).

When used with a pulsed load, the power supply can read back peak current, idle current, and average current. See Section 3 for details. A long integration (up to 60 seconds) function is provided to measure average current of a low frequency pulse (long period) or a series of pulses. See Section 4 for details.

pating rather than sourcing power (see “Sink Operation” in Section 2).

) and current (I

meter

). Display resolution for voltage readback is 1mV.

meter

igure 1-3

Simplified power supply diagram

Source

Battery Channel

(Channel #1)

I meter

V-Source with I-Limit

V meter

Source

Charger Channel

(Channel #2)

I meter

V-Source with I-Limit

V meter

DVM

Digital

Voltmeter

Digital

DVM

Voltmeter

Remote display option

NOTE The remote display option cannot be used with the Model 2306-VS

If mounting the power supply in a location where the display cannot be seen or the controls are not easily accessible, use the optional Model 2304-DISP or 2306-DISP Display Module (see

Figure 1-4). This remote display module includes all front panel instrument controls/features

(with the exception of power). All features/menus work as described for the Model 2306 (exceptions are noted). A 9 foot cable attaches the remote display to the rear of the power supply allowing the unit to be operated remotely.

igure 1-4

2304-DISP Remote display option (2306-DISP similar)

Getting Started 1-7

2304-DISP REMOTE DISPLAY

OPERATE

DISPLAY

LOCAL

SET

ENTER

NOTE When using the remote display, VFD BRIGHTNESS may not appear in the main menu

(dependent on the firmware revision in the unit).

Plug the remote display module into the rear panel connector labeled “REMOTE DISPLAY OPTION” (see rear panel in

Figure 1-1). When plugged in, the main display module is disabled

with the following message displayed:

REMOTE PANEL ENABLED

When the remote display module is unplugged, control returns to the main display module.

NOTE When connecting or disconnecting the remote display, allow a few seconds for the

power supply to recognize the action. Fast, repeated connects/disconnects of the remote display may cause the power supply to hang or appear to hang. Disconnecting the remote display and waiting a few seconds to reconnect it may clear the problem. If not, cycling power on the power supply clears the condition.

1-8 Getting Started

Power-up

Line power connection

The power supply operates from a line voltage in the range of 100-120VAC/200-240VAC at a frequency of 50 or 60Hz. Line voltage and frequency are automatically sensed, therefore there are no switches to set. Check to see that the line power in your area is compatible. Use the :SYSTem :LFRequency? query (Section 11) to read the line frequency.

Perform the following steps to connect the power supply to the line power and turn it on:

WAR NING The power cord supplied with the Model 2306 contains a separate ground for

1. Before plugging in the power cord, make sure the front panel power switch is in the off

2. Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear

3. Turn on the power supply by pressing the front panel power switch to the on (1) position.

use with grounded outlets. When proper connections are made, instrument chassis is connected to power line ground through the ground wire in the power cord. Failure to use a grounded outlet may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock.

(0) position.

panel.

Power-up sequence

On power-up, the power supply performs self-tests on its RAM and EPROM. After a blinking cursor appears on line one, RAM tests are completed. After a blinking cursor appears on line two, EPROM self tests are completed.

NOTE If a problem develops while the instrument is under warranty, return it to Keithley

Instruments Inc., for repair.

If the instrument passes the self tests, the following information is briefly displayed:

• Top line — The model number and the IEEE-488 address are displayed. (The factory default GPIB address is 16.)

• Bottom line — Firmware revision levels are displayed for the main board and the display board. Also displayed is the detected line frequency.

After displaying the above information, any errors that occurred during the startup sequence will be displayed. Then, the instrument goes to the default settings or the saved power up settings (*RST or SAV0-4) display type with the output off ( missed error messages may be viewed over the bus using the :SYST:ERR? (see “Error Queue” in Section 7).

NOTE For Models 2306-PJ and 2306-VS, the saved power up settings available are from

SAV0-SAV2.

see “Default settings” on page 1-11). Any

Fuse replacement

LINE RATING

100-120VAC, 200-240VAC

50, 60 HZ 150VA MAX

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

2.0A, 250V

REMOTE DISPLAY

OPTION

be replaced, perform the following steps:

CAUTION For continued protection against fire or instrument damage, only replace the

igure 1-5

Fuse drawer location

Getting Started 1-9

A rear panel fuse protects the power line input of the power supply. If the line fuse needs to

1. Power off the unit and remove line cord.

2. The fuse drawer is located on the left side of the AC receptacle (see Figure 1-5). On the right side of the fuse drawer is a small tab. At this location, use a thin-bladed knife or screwdriver to pry the fuse drawer open.

3. Slide the fuse drawer out to gain access to the fuse. Note that the fuse drawer does not pull all the way out of the power module.

4. Snap the fuse out of the drawer and replace it with the same type (250V, 2.0A, 5 × 20mm time lag). The Keithley part number is FU-81.

fuse with the type and rating listed. If the instrument repeatedly blows fuses, lo cate and correct the cause of the problem before replacing the fuse.

5. Push the fuse drawer back into the power module.

Fuse drawer

1-10 Getting Started

Display modes

For voltage and current readings, there are four display modes described as follows:

• ACTUAL V AND I — This display mode is used to read back the actual output voltage and current. This display mode is the RST default. (See Section 2 for details.)

• DVM INPUT — This mode is used to display the DC voltage applied to the DVM input of the power supply. (See Section 2 for details.)

• PULSE CURRENT — This mode is used to display high, low, or average pulse-current measurements. (See Section 3 for details.)

• LONG INTEGRATION — This mode is used to display average current measurements of a pulse or pulses measuring periods between 850msec to 60sec (60 Hz line frequency) and 840msec to 60sec (50 Hz line frequency). (See Section 4 for details.)

Any one of the four display modes can be the power-on default. Use the SAVE SETUP item of the MENU to save the selected display mode in memory, and use the POWER ON SETUP item to specify the power-on setup ( for details). A display mode is selected as follows:

see “Setups — Save, Power-on, and Recall” on page 1-14

1. Press the DISPLAY key and use the ▲ or ▼ key to display the desired mode: ACTUAL V AND I, DVM INPUT, PULSE CURRENT, or LONG INTEGRATION.

DISPLAY TYPE #1 or DISPLAY TYPE #2 will be shown on the top line of the display.

NOTE DISPLAY TYPE #1 is the display mode for the Battery Channel while DISPLAY TYPE

#2 is the display mode for the Charger Channel.

2. Toggle active channel using the ▲ or ▲ keys.

NOTE If active channel is changed back to the original channel, the initial settings are

displayed.

Getting Started 1-11

3. With the desired mode and active channel displayed, press ENTER. Now the display will reflect this desired mode and active channel. Note that after selecting PULSE CURRENT, use the pulse low, or pulse average. Examples of the display modes are shown as follows:

▲ or ▼ key to select the desired pulse measurement: pulse high,

Table 1-1

Display samples

Display mode

Actual V and I: 6.116 V #1 ON 6.116 V #2 ON Section 2

DVM input: DVM INPUT #1 OFF DVM INPUT #2 OFF Section 2

Pulse current: PULSE HI #1 ON PULSE HI #2 ON Section 3

Long integration: LONG INT #1 ON LONG INT #2 ON Section 4

NOTES “#1” or “#2” indicates present active channel. “ON” indicates that the output is turned

on. With the output turned off, “OFF” is displayed. See Section 2 for details on output ting current and voltage.

“NO PULSE” is displayed if the output is OFF or pulses are not detected (output ON) for pulse current and long integration display modes only.

Samples for Channel #1

(Battery)

1.2058 A 1.2058 A

4.993 V 4.993 V

2.1947 A 2.1947 A

PULSE LO #1 ON PULSE LO #2 ON

0.2147 A 0.2147 A

PULSE AVG #1 ON PULSE AVG #2 ON

1.1495 A 1.1495 A

1.0236 A 1.0236 A

Samples for Channel #2

(Charger)

Reference

When a change is made that affects the readings being taken, dashes are displayed instead of readings. The dashes remain until a valid reading for the new condition is taken.

Default settings

The power supply can be set to power-on with the factory default conditions (RST defaults)

or to user-saved setup conditions. The factory default conditions are listed in

Table 1-2.

1-12 Getting Started

Table 1-2

Factory defaults (RST)

Setting

Output value settings:

Voltage (V) 0.000V 0.000V

Current (A) 0.2500A 0.2500A Output state (operate) OFF OFF Voltage protection 8V, clamp off 8V, clamp off Display type Actual V and I Actual V and I GPIB address* No effect (factory set to 16) Current range 5 amps (Auto Range OFF) 5 amps (Auto Range OFF) Integration rate 1.00 PLC 1.00 PLC Average readings 1 1 Power on setup* No effect (factory set to RST) Current limit mode LIM LIM Output relay one*

Output relay two* Output relay three* Output relay four*

VFD brightness* Over bus: 1 From display: FULL BRIGHTNESS Output bandwidth LOW** HIGH Output impedance 0.00Ω Not Applicable Pulse current:

High time 33 µsec 33 µsec

Low time 33 µsec 33 µsec

Average time 33 µsec 33 µsec

Digitize time 33 µsec (B10 or later) 33 µsec (B10 or later)

Timeout 1.000 sec 1.000 sec

Average readings 1 1

Trigger delay 0.00000 sec 0.00000 sec

Trigger level:

Range

Step Off Step up 1 Step down 1 Step time 200µs Step timeout 2ms

Model 2306, 2306-VS, and 2306-PJ Model 2306-PJ

5A Current range 500mA Current range 5A (Full scale) 500mA (Full scale) 5A 0.000A 500mA 0.0000A 1A 0.000A 100mA 0.0000A 100mA 0.0000mA 10mA 0.0000A

Battery Channel (#1) Charger Channel (#2)

Reset (RST) default

No effect (after power

cycle, set to zero)

Model 2306/2306-VS & 2306-PJ

Not Applicable

0.000A

Not Applicable Not Applicable

Table 1-2 (cont.)

Factory defaults (RST)

Getting Started 1-13

Setting

Reset (RST) default

Battery Channel (#1) Charger Channel (#2) Step delay 0 Step range 5A Step trigger level 0

Trigger External (Model 2306-VS)

Both NONE NONE Input edge FALLING FALLING Output edge FALLING FALLING Enable OFF OFF Step 1-20, 0V, 0S 1-20, 0V, 0S Voltage step OFF OFF End voltage 0V 0V Reading AUTO AUTO Points 1 1 VPT ON ON

Long integration:

Integration time 1 second 1 second Pulse timeout 16 seconds 16 seconds Trigger edge RISING RISING Trigger level Same as “Trigger level” (above) Same as “Trigger level” (above)

**Global settings (not channel specific).

**Default is HIGH for firmware version B02 and lower.

1-14 Getting Started

Setups — Save, Power-on, and Recall

Setups are configured by SAVE SETUP, POWER ON SETUP and RECALL SETUP items of the MENU (which is accessed by pressing the MENU key). When a setup is saved, all settings that are channel specific settings will be saved to that setup. Saving/recalling a setup has no effect on Global Settings (see Global settings in setup loads only the channel specific parameters from that setup.

NOTE Table 1-3 shows the menu structure. Rules to navigate the menu follow the table.

The setup MENU items are explained as follows:

NOTE For the Models 2306-PJ and 2306-VS, the memory location settings available are

Table 1-2 on page 1-12.) Similarly, recalling a

from SAV0-SAV2 (SAV3 and SAV4 are not available).

• SAVE SETUP - Save the present power supply setup to a memory location;

SAV0-SAV4.

• RECALL SETUP - Return the power supply to the RST defaults (Table 1-2 on page

1-12), or to one of the user saved setups; SAV0-SAV4. Note the operate state (output) is

always recalled as OFF.

Set integration rate in NPLC (0.01 to 10) Set average reading count (1 to 10) Save present setup in memory (SAV0–SAV4) Recall setup from memory (RST, SAV0–SAV4) Select power-on setup (RST, SAV0–SAV4) Calibrate unit (see calibration sections) Set voltage protection range (0–8V) and clamp (ON/OFF) in this manual

CURR LIM MODE #1/#2 OUTPUT RELAYS REVISION NUMBER SERIAL NUMBER VFD BRIGHTNESS OUT BANDWIDTH #1/#2 OUT IMPEDANCE #1 PULSE CURRENT #1/#2

HIGH TIME LOW TIME AVERAGE TIME AUTO TIME PULSE TIMEOUT

Select current limit mode (LIMit or TRIP) Close (1) or open (0) relay control circuitry (except 2306-VS) Display firmware revision levels Display serial number of the power supply Set VFD display’s brightness level (OFF, FULL, 3/4, 1/2, 1/4) Set bandwidth (HIGH, LOW) Set battery channels impedance (0–1Ω) Pulse-current configuration.

Set high time integration rate (in µsec.). Set low time integration rate (in µsec.). Set average time integration rate (in µsec.). Set pulse integration rates automatically. Set pulse timeout (default is 1.000 second, incremented in

1ms steps). AVERAGE READINGS TRIGGER DELAY TRG LEV mA RANGE

Set average reading count (1 to 100).

Set trigger delay in seconds (0 to 100msec).

Model 2306-PJ — Set battery channel (#1) trigger level range

on the 500mA current range (500mA, 100mA, 10mA). TRG LEVEL mA

Model 2306-PJ — Set pulse current trigger level in A on the

500mA current range:

Battery channel (#1) Charger channel (#2)

mA(500mA) 0–500mA Use TRIGGER LEVEL menu

mA(100mA) 0–100mA item (charger channel supports

mA(10mA) 0–10mA 5A current range only) TRIG LEV RANGE

Model 2306. 2306-VS and 2306-PJ — Set battery channel (#1)

trigger level range (5A, 1A, 100mA) on the 5A current range.

Sect. 6 Sect. 2

Sect. 2 Sect. 2 Note 1 Note 1 Note 1

Sect. 2

Note 2 Sect. 5 Note 2 Note 3 Sect. 10 Sect. 2 Sect. 2 Sect. 3

1-16 Getting Started

Table 1-3 (cont.)

Main MENU structure (accessed by pressing the MENU key on the Front Panel)

Menu item Description Ref

TRIGGER LEVEL Model 2306, 2306-VS and 2306-PJ — Sets pulse current trig-

ger level in Amps on the 5A current range: Battery channel (#1) Charger channel (#2) A(5.0) 0–5A A(5.0) 0–5A A(1.0) 0–1A mA(100) 0–100mA

LONG INTEGRAT #1/#2 Long integration configuration. Sect. 4

INTEGRATION TIME AUTO TIME PULSE TIMEOUT TRIGGER EDGE TRG LEV mA RANGE

Manually set integration time (up to 60 sec). Automatically set integration time. Set the “NO PULSE” timeout period (1 to 63 sec). Select trigger edge (rising, falling or neither). Model 2306-PJ — Set battery channel (#1) trigger level range on the 500mA current range (500mA, 100mA, 10mA).

TRG LEVEL mA

Model 2306-PJ — Set pulse current trigger level in mA on the 500mA current range: Battery channel (#1) Charger channel (#2) mA(500mA) 0–500mA Use TRIGGER LEVEL menu mA(100mA) 0–100mA item (charger channel supports mA(10mA) 0–10mA 5A current range only)

TRIG LEV RANGE

Model 2306, 2306-VS and 2306-PJ — Set battery channel (#1) trigger level range (5A, 1A, 100mA) on the 5A current range.

TRIGGER LEVEL

Model 2306, 2306-VS and 2306-PJ — Sets long integration trigger level in Amps on the 5A current range: Battery channel (#1) Charger channel (#2) A(5.0) 0–5A A(5.0) 0–5A A(1.0) 0–1A mA(100) 0–100mA

Notes: 1. See “Default settings” on page 1-11 in this section to save and recall setups. For Models 2306-PJ and 2306-VS, the

memory location settings available are from SAV0-SAV2 (SAV3 and SAV4 are not available).

2. Revision Number displays the firmware revision level for the microcontroller and the display.

3. Serial Number displays the serial number of the power supply.

Getting around the MENU

• Press the MENU key to activate the menu.

•Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to scroll through the primary menu items.

• Changing channels: When the main menu is displayed, use the ▲ and ▲ keys to change the active channel (each press of the ▲ and ▲ keys will toggle between Channel #1 and Channel #2).

NOTE If a channel number is not shown, the ▲ and ▲ key presses will be ignored. Also the

and ▲ key presses will be ignored if a sub-menu only exists on the battery channel

▲

(not on the charger channel).

• The active channel may be changed in the main menu, and the top sub-menus for pulse current and long integration. The active channel cannot be changed in all other sub-menus.

• Select the displayed primary menu item by pressing ENTER. With PULSE CURRENT or LONG INTEGRATION selected, use the (Again, pressing ENTER selects the displayed item.)

NOTE Before pressing enter, make sure the desired channel is active. If ENTER is pressed

with the incorrect channel selected, press the MENU key (to cancel changes), use or ▲ to toggle to the desired channel, and then press ENTER to select the displayed primary menu item.

Getting Started 1-17

▲ and ▼ keys to display the secondary items.

▲

• Display and change settings and selections (for a menu item) using the edit keys (▲ ▲ ▲ ▼):

For a setting, use ▲ or ▲ to place the cursor on the desired digit, then use the ▲ and

▼ keys to increase or decrease the value (unless noted otherwise).

Rapid jump to minimum or maximum: To rapidly jump to the maximum value, increment the most significant digit (the left further-most digit). (Note that if the tens digit is the most significant but is not displayed, place the cursor to the left of the units digit.) To rapidly jump to the minimum value, decrement the first leading zero (or tens digit if there is not a leading zero).

For a selection, use the ▲ or ▼ keys to display the desired option (unless noted otherwise).

• With the desired setting or selection displayed, press ENTER for it to take effect. Pressing MENU will cancel the edit operation.

• Use the MENU key to back out of the MENU structure.

1-18 Getting Started

SCPI programming

SCPI programming information is integrated with front panel operation throughout this manual. SCPI commands are listed in tables, and additional information that pertains exclusively to remote operation is provided after each table. Also, the SCPI tables may reference other sections of this manual.

NOTE Except for Section 12, all SCPI tables in this manual are abridged. That is, they

exclude most optional command words and query commands. Optional command words and query commands are summarized as follows.

Optional command words — In order to be in conformance with the IEEE-488.2 standard, the power supply accepts optional command words. Any command word that is enclosed in brackets ([]) is optional and does not have to be included in the program message.

Query commands — Most command words have a query form (exceptions are noted). A query command is identified by the question mark (?) that follows the command word. A query command requests (queries) the programmed status of that command. When a query is sent and the power supply is addressed to talk, the response message is sent to the computer.

To send a SCPI command as a query, append a “?” to the fundamental form of the command. (Make sure to add the “?” immediately following the command on the same line.)

NOTE For complete details, see “Programming syntax” in Section 7.

Basic Power Supply Operation

• Test connections — Explains how to connect DUT to the power supply output and how to connect an external voltage to the DVM input.

• Outputting voltage and current — Explains how to output voltage and current.

• Output bandwidth — Details Model 2306 output bandwidth control.

• Output impedance — Details Model 2306 variable output impedance feature.

• SCPI Programming — outputting voltage and current — Contains SCPI commands related to output voltage and current.

• Reading back V and I — Covers the actual V and I display mode, which is used to measure and display the actual voltage and current being delivered to the DUT.

• SCPI Programming — measure V and I, and DVM input — Contains SCPI commands related to measuring voltage and current.

• Independent voltage measurements (DVM) — Explains how to use the digital voltmeter (DVM) to make DC voltage measurements.

• SCPI Programming — DVM — Contains SCPI commands related to DVM measurements.

• Sink operation — Explains how to use the power supply to dissipate power, rather than sourcing it.

• Programming examples — Provides two examples: one to output and read back voltage and current, and one to measure the DVM input.

2-2 Basic Power Supply Operation

NOTES This manual covers Keithley Models 2302, 2302-PJ, 2306, 2306-PJ, and 2306-VS

• battery and charger channel features contained in this manual apply for the Model

• only battery channel features contained in this manual apply for the Model 2302 and 2302-PJ

Refer to Appendix F for specific Model 2302 and 2302-PJ information.

Information contained in this section applies to all power supply channels (unless otherwise noted). In this manual, channel 1 refers to the battery channel while chan nel 2 refers to the charger channel (2306, 2306-PJ, and 2306-VS feature only).

Test connections

WAR NING When installing a unit into a test system, make sure the external power sources

do not apply voltage to the power supply in excess of its maximum limits (see specifications). Failure to do so could result in personal injury or death.

2306, 2306-PJ, and 2306-VS

WAR NING The source and measurement connections are provided with overvoltage

protection rated up to 500V for 50µs. Do not connect sources that produce transient voltages greater than 500V or the protection provided by the equipment may be degraded.

Test connections to the power supply are made at the rear panel using a quick disconnect OUTPUT/DVM IN connector (see rear panel in Figure 1-1 for connector location). Use up to #14 AWG wire for the screw terminals of the connector. Once the connector is wired up, plug it into the rear panel and tighten the captive retaining screws.

Figure 2-1 shows four wire sense power supply connections to the DUT.

igure 2-

Four-wire sense connections for battery and charger channels

Quick Disconnect

DVM Input

Connector

DVM +

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-3

External Test Circuit

DVM -

Source -

Sense -

Sense +

Source +

Model 2306 Source Input/Output

Twisted Pair

DUT

Remote sense

As shown inFigure 2-1 the 2306 battery and charger channels are intended to be operated with remote sense leads (4 wire connection). The Sense+ and Sense- pins provide output voltage sensing. Without these terminals connected, the power supply operates without voltage feedback and therefore supplies an unregulated voltage. This unregulated voltage value can be up to +18V or down to -5V. Use voltage protection to turn off the output and protect against the extremes (refer to

“Setting voltage protection value” on page 2-5).

Connect the sense inputs to the supply as close as possible to the load’s source inputs through twisted pair leads (refer to formance of the supply.

NOTE Do NOT jumper the sense inputs and supply outputs at the rear of the supply! Con-

necting the sense leads in this fashion will severely compromise the performance of Model 2306 with dynamic loads when using 4-wire sense.

Figure 2-1). This is necessary to achieve the maximum transient per-

2-4 Basic Power Supply Operation

Local sense

The 2306 battery and charger channels can be connected to operate with local sense leads (2-wire connection) as shown in ply outputs are jumpered at the rear of the supply.

igure 2-2

ocal sense connections

Quick Disconnect

DVM Input

Connector

DVM +

Figure 2-2. In this connection scheme, the sense inputs and sup-

External Test Circuit

DVM -

Source -

Sense -

Sense +

Source +

Model 2306 Source Input/Output

Twisted Pair

DUT

RFI considerations

Operating the power supply in high RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) environments may result in improper operation. For that reason, keep RFI to a minimum when operating the unit. Additional shielding can be used to reduce RFI to an acceptable level.

Outputting voltage and current

NOTE For the Model 2306-VS, if trigger external is enabled and current limit tripping or

VPT occurs, the display is turned on and the output is turned off. See

Setting voltage protection value

NOTE The VPT value (voltage protection value) is channel specific. The number after the #

indicates the channel affected by editing.

Voltage protection circuitry (VPT) is provided for the battery and charger channels. This function monitors the SOURCE + pins (see 2306’s internal ground and will shut off the output voltage for either channel when the protection voltage range (which equals the set voltage ± protection voltage) set by the user is exceeded. This voltage is typically not the same voltage as at the device under test due to lead impedance and internal sense resistor losses. VPT circuitry is useful in protecting the load from a high pos itive voltage if one of the remote sensing leads is disconnected. When in VPT mode, the output is held in the Operate OFF position until an Operate ON command is received (VPT will be dis played until the output is turned back on). The voltage protection feature has a clamp setting, which can be turned ON or OFF. If ON, protection voltage values below 0 volts (-0.6 volts) are not allowed. If OFF, protection voltage can go negative to the extent of the set voltage - protection voltage.

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-5

Section 6.

on page 2-3 or on page 2-4) with respect to the

For example: If PROT=4V, and SET =6V, VPT range is from +2V to +10V. If the SET voltage is changed to 2V and protection clamp set to OFF, the range would equal -2V to +6V. However, if protection clamp is set to ON, the range would equal -0.6V to +6V.

NOTE Table 1-3 shows the menu structure. Rules to navigate the menu follow the table.

NOTE Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) to the output connector pins may cause the VPT cir-

cuitry to turn the output off. Use proper ESD handling precautions before making any contact with the output connector pins or wires connected to the pins.

Procedure

To set the VPT value from the front panel:

1. Press the MENU key to access the main menu.

2. Select VOLT PROTECT #1 or #2 by scrolling through the primary menu items (use the

▲ and ▼ keys to scroll). Scroll until VOLT PROTECT is displayed on the bottom line.

3. Select channel for VPT. Toggle between VOLT PROTECT #1 or #2 using the ▲ and ▲ keys.

4. Press ENTER.

5. Use the ▲, ▼, ▲ and ▲ keys to key in the desired VPT value and to select cOFF (voltage protection clamp OFF) or cON (voltage protection clamp ON). Setting changes can be canceled by pressing MENU.

6. Press ENTER to save and return to main menu.

2-6 Basic Power Supply Operation

Selecting proper current range

NOTE The current range value is channel specific. The number after the # indicates the

channel affected by editing.

Power supply current ranges are listed in Table 2-1. With auto range selected, the instrument will automatically go to the most sensitive range to perform the measurement. The current range setting may be the same or different for each channel

Table 2-1

Current ranges

Power supply Current ranges

Model 2306, 2306-VS 5A, 5mA or AUTO Model 2306-PJ:

Battery channel (#1) Charger channel (#2)

NOTE Table 1-3 (in Section 1) shows the menu structure. Rules to navigate the menu follow

the table.

5A, 500mA, or AUTO 5A, 5mA, or AUTO

Procedure

To select the CURRENT RANGE from the front panel:

1. Press the MENU key to access the main menu.

2. Select CURRENT RANGE #1 or #2 by scrolling through the primary menu items (use

▲ / ▼ keys to scroll). Scroll until CURRENT RANGE is displayed on the bottom

the line.

3. Select channel for CURRENT RANGE. Toggle between CURRENT RANGE #1 or #2 using the will appear on the bottom line of the display.

4. Press ENTER.

5. Use the ▲ / ▼ keys to display the desired current range value. Setting changes can be canceled by pressing MENU.

6. Press ENTER to save and return to main menu.

/▲ keys. The “#1” (battery channel active) or “#2” (charger channel active)

▲

Selecting current limit mode

NOTE The current limit mode setting is channel specific. The number after the # indicates

the channel affected by editing.

If the current limit is reached, the output will either turn off (TRIP) or stay on (LIM). The two

current limit modes (LIM or TRIP) are explained as follows:

LIM mode - With LIM mode selected, the output will remain on when the current limit is reached. The “LIM” message will appear on the lower line of the display after the current read ing indicator (A or mA). The message will clear when the limit condition is cleared.

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-7

The power supply may or may not be taken out of current limit by decreasing the output voltage or increasing the current limit value, depending on how the circuit is connected. However, increasing the current limit may compromise protection for the DUT.

While in the current limit, the power supply is operating as a constant-current source. As long as the limit condition exists, the power supply output current will remain constant. The output voltage is probably less than the programmed value when sourcing current, and probably greater than the programmed value when sinking current.

TRIP mode - With TRIP mode selected, the output will turn off when the current limit is reached. The “TRIP” message will appear on the lower line of the display after the current read ing indicator (A or mA). The message will clear when the output is turned back on, assuming it does not trip again due to a current limit condition.

NOTE Table 1-3 shows the menu structure. Rules to navigate the menu follow the table.

Procedure

To select the CUR LIM MODE from the front panel:

1. Press the MENU key to access the main menu.

2. Select CUR LIM MODE #1 or #2 by scrolling through the primary menu items (use the

▲ / ▼ keys to scroll). Scroll until CUR LIM MODE is displayed on the bottom line.

3. Select channel for CUR LIM MODE. Toggle between CUR LIM MODE #1 or #2 using the

/▲. The “#1” (battery channel active) or “#2” (charger channel active) will appear

▲

on the bottom line of the display.

4. Press ENTER.

5. Use the ▲ / ▼ keys to display the desired current limit mode (LIM or TRIP). Setting changes can be canceled by pressing MENU.

6. Press ENTER to save and return to main menu.

Editing output voltage and current limit values

NOTE Output voltage and current limit values are channel specific. The number after the #

indicates the channel affected by editing.

Current limit is a feature that protects the load from damage under overload conditions. The current limit setting indicates the maximum amount of current allowed to flow through the sys tem. The setting applies to any of the current range settings. For the Model 2306 and 2306-VS, the current range settings are 5A, 5mA, or AUTO. On the Model 2306-PJ, the current range set tings are: 5A, 500mA, or AUTO (do not apply more than 600mA on the 500mA range).

The current limit setting for the 5 AMPS and AUTO ranges is “remembered” by that range. For the following examples, assume the current limit setting on the 5 amps range is 3A. Selecting the 5 MILLIAMPS range defaults the current limit setting to 1A since that is the maximum allowable setting on that range. Toggling back to the 5 amps range reinstates the 3A limit. If the current limit value on the 5 amps range is ≤ 1A, the limit on the 5mA range will be the same when switching from the 5A range to the 5mA range. Selecting the 500mA range

2-8 Basic Power Supply Operation

(Model 2306-PJ) defaults the current limit setting to 600mA since that is the maximum allowable setting on that range. Toggling back to the 5 amps range reinstates the 3A limit. If the current limit value on the 5 amps range is ð600mA, the limit on the 500mA range will be the same when switching from the 5A range to the 500mA range.

NOTE Table 1-3 shows the menu structure. Rules to navigate the menu follow the table.

Procedure

To edit voltage and current values from the front panel:

NOTE The following procedure assumes that the appropriate current range is already select-

ed along with current limit mode and voltage protection.

1. Press the SET key to select the output settings mode. A blinking cursor appears in the voltage field of the display.

2. Use the ▲, ▼, ▲ and ▲ keys to key in the desired output voltage value.

• Cursor position (blinking digit) is controlled by the ▲ and ▲ keys.

• With the cursor positioned on a digit, increment or decrement the value using the ▲ and

▼ keys.

3. Press SET to move the blinking cursor to the current limit field.

4. Use the ▲, ▼, ▲ and ▲ keys to key in the desired current limit.

5. Press SET to exit from output settings mode.

NOTE Once in Set Mode (enter Set Mode by pressing the SET key), the active channel cannot

be changed. If Set Mode was inadvertently entered or entered in on the wrong chan nel, press the SET key until the blinking cursor disappears to exit Set Mode (once out of Set Mode, active channel switching is enabled).

Editing voltage and current values using the SET key cannot be canceled with the MENU key (the values are immediately committed). Enter the old values by repeating the editing procedure and manually using the

▲, ▼,

and ▲ keys to key in the desired

▲

output voltage or current value(s).

NOTE SET key: This key is active in any front panel menu or display mode — if not already

in the output settings mode, the SET key will select it.

Pressing SET to exit the output settings mode returns the instrument to the previous display mode or front panel menu.

V and I DACs are updated in real time — if the output is on, the output is updated immediately when a value is altered.

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-9

Editing shortcuts

With the output OFF, the following editing shortcuts can be used:

• Output voltage can be quickly set to the maximum value by incrementing the tens digit (MSD). Note that if the tens digit is zero, it is not displayed. Place the cursor to the left of the units digit.

• Output voltage can be quickly set to zero (0.000V) by decrementing the first leading zero of the reading. If there is no leading zero, decrement the tens digit.

• Current limit can be quickly set to its maximum value by incrementing the units digit (MSD).

• Current limit on either range can be quickly set to the minimum value 0.006A by decrementing the first leading zero of the reading. If there is no leading zero, decrement the units digit.

Editing restrictions

With the output ON, the following editing restrictions are in effect:

• You cannot increment a digit that would display a value that jumps to the maximum. For

example, for the value 14.200 V, you cannot increment the “1” or the “4” since the resultant value would exceed 15.000 V.

• When decrementing a digit, only that digit and digits to the left are affected. The digits

to the right of the cursor are not changed.

Pressing operate

NOTE Pressing OPERATE is channel specific. The number after the # indicates the channel

affected by the OPERATE key.

Use the OPERATE key to control power supply output. This key toggles the output ON and OFF for the active channel even if output status is not displayed. To display the output status for the active channel, place the unit in readings or set mode (the output status is not shown in display type menu, main menu, or submenus). When output status is displayed, ON or OFF will appear in the upper right hand corner of the display.

NOTE DVM measurements can be performed with the output off.

2-10 Basic Power Supply Operation

Output bandwidth

The battery and charger channel’s output bandwidth control has HIGH and LOW settings. The HIGH setting will result in the fastest response with dynamic loads but, could be unstable with certain loads. The LOW setting mode will have a slower response but will be stable for most loads.

Testing the performance of the battery charger circuitry in a handset does not require the high bandwidth performance in channel #1 or channel #2 of the Model 2306. Since a charger circuit is a voltage regulated circuit, it resembles a high capacitance load to the output of the 2306. For this type of application, the LOW bandwidth output mode provides increased stability and elim inates oscillations that may occur.

The bandwidth can be user programmed at any time. However, if the output is off or the current range is not 5A, output bandwidth is automatically set to low as summarized in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2

Output bandwidth setting for a channel

Output Current Bandwidth

ON 5A LOW or HIGH (user selectable) OFF 5mA or 5A LOW OFF/ON 5mA LOW

NOTE The 5mA current range (Table 2-2) may be selected from the front panel, over the bus,

or through autoranging.

Procedure

NOTE This procedure assumes that the appropriate current range is already selected along

with current limit mode and voltage protection.

To set output bandwidth from the front panel:

1. Press the MENU key to access the main menu.

2. Select OUT BANDWIDTH #1 or #2 by scrolling through the primary menu items (use

▲ and ▼ keys to scroll). Scroll until OUT BANDWIDTH is displayed on the bottom

the line.

3. Select channel for bandwidth. Toggle between OUT BANDWIDTH #1 or #2 using the and ▲ keys.

▲

4. Press ENTER.

5. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to set the desired bandwidth setting (HIGH or LOW). Setting

changes can be cancelled by pressing MENU.

6. Press ENTER to save and return to main menu.

Output impedance

Keithley’s Model 2306 has a variable output impedance feature on the battery channel (channel #1). This output impedance setting allows the performance of the battery channel to closely model a real battery's performance with a dynamic load. When setting the output impedance to a certain value (R current (see voltage drop equation). The output voltage will be reduced by the voltage drop.

Voltage drop equation

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-11

), the output voltage drop will be proportional to the output

NOTE For a more detailed discussion of output impedance and the performance with

various types of loads, see the Applications Guide contained in Appendix E of this manual.

drop

t() RIIt()×=

Changing the battery channel’s output impedance

The Model 2306 output impedance can be checked or changed with the output on or off. The output impedance is selectable from 0.00Ω to 1.00Ω in 10 milli-Ω steps (default is 0Ω).

Procedure

NOTE The following procedure assumes that the appropriate current range is already select-

ed along with current limit mode and voltage protection.

To set output impedance from the front panel:

1. Press the MENU key to access the main menu.

2. Using the ▲ and ▲ keys, toggle channel indicator until #1 is displayed. (Bandwidth is channel #1 only feature.)

3. Select OUT IMPEDANCE #1 by scrolling through the primary menu items (use the ▲ and

▼ keys to scroll). Scroll until OUT IMPEDANCE is displayed on the bottom line.

4. Press ENTER.

5. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to set the desired bandwidth setting (HIGH or LOW). Setting changes can be canceled by pressing MENU.

6. Press ENTER to save and return to main menu.

2-12 Basic Power Supply Operation

SCPI programming — outputting voltage and current

The commands to output voltage and current are summarized in Table 2-3 (a listing following the table contains specific command notes). The programming example (“Outputting and reading back V and I”) located at the end of this section demonstrates how to use these commands.

NOTE Brackets [ ] indicate optional (and default) command parameters.

Table 2-3

SCPI command summary — outputting voltage and current

Commands Description Default

SENSe[1] :CURRent :RANGe [:UPPer] <n> :AUTO

SENSe2 :CURRent :RANGe [:UPPer] <n> :AUTO

[SOURce[1]] :VOLTage <n> :PROTection <NRf> :STATe? :CLAMp :CURRent <n> :TYPe <name> :STATe?

SOURce2 :VOLTage <n> :PROTection <NRf> :STATe? :CLAMp :CURRent <n> :TYPe <name> :STATe?

OUTPut[1] [:STATe] :BANDwidth <name> :IMPedance <NRf>

OUTPut2 [:STATe] :BANDwidth <name>

:BOTHOUTON :BOTHOUTOFF

*Default is HIGH for firmware version B02 and lower (does not apply to Model 2306-PJ).

SENSe[1] subsystem for Channel #1 (battery channel): Current function: Set current measurement range: Specify expected current in amps: 0 to 5. Enable or disable auto range.

SENSe2 subsystem for Channel #2 (charger channel): Current function: Set current measurement range: Specify expected current in amps: 0 to 5. Enable or disable auto range.

[SOURce1] subsystem for Channel #1 (battery channel): Set voltage amplitude in volts: 0 to 15 (1mV resolution). Sets VPT (voltage protection) range (0–8V). Query state of VPT—no associated command. Sets VPT clamp mode ON or OFF. Set current limit value in amps: 0.006 to 5 (100µA res) Select current limit type: LIMit or TRIP. Query state of current limit—no associated command.

SOURce2 subsystem for Channel #2 (charger channel): Set voltage amplitude in volts: 0 to 15 (1mV resolution). Sets VPT range (0–8V). Query state of VPT—no associated command. Sets VPT clamp mode ON or OFF. Set current limit value in amps: 0.006 to 5 (100µA res). Select current limit type: LIMit or TRIP. Query state of current limit—no associated command.

OUTPut [1] subsystem for Channel #1 (battery channel): Turn the power supply output ON or OFF. Specifies output bandwidth (HIGH or LOW). Specifies output impedance (0–1Ω in 10mΩ steps).

OUTPut2 subsystem for Channel #2 (charger channel): Turn the power supply output ON or OFF. Specifies output bandwidth (HIGH or LOW).

Turns both power supply channels ON. Turns both power supply channels OFF.

5.0 OFF

0.0 8V

OFF

0.25 LIM

0.0 8V

OFF

0.25 LIM

OFF LOW* 0

OFF HIGH

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-13

NOTE Refer to the Programming syntax paragraph of Section 6 for a description of

parameters (e.g., , <NRf>, etc.).

Command notes (outputting voltage and current)

SENSe[1]:CURRent:RANGe <n> Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:CURRent:RANGe <n> Applies to charger channel (#2)

After specifying a current value, the instrument will go to the most sensitive range to accommodate that reading. For example, if you are expecting a maximum current reading of 750mA, you can let <n> = 0.75 (or 750e-3) to select the 5A range. Using the :RANGe command to manually select a current range disables auto range. Another way to select a range is to use the MINimum, MAXimum, and DEFault parameters as follows:

SENS:CURR:RANG MIN Select the low current range (5mA) for battery

channel (#1).

SENS2:CURR:RANG MAX Select the high current range (5A) for charger

channel (#2).

SENS2:CURR:RANG DEF Select the default current range for charger channel

(#2). The response for :RANGe? query returns the selected range value which is either 5.0000 or 0.0050.

SENSe[1]:CURRent:RANGe:AUTO Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:CURRent:RANGe:AUTO Applies to charger channel (#2)

This command is coupled to the :RANGe <n> command. When auto range is enabled, the response for :RANGe? query returns the selected range value which is either 5.0000 or 0.0050. If you then disable auto range, the instrument will remain at the last selected range.

[SOURce1]:VOLTage <n> Applies to battery channel (#1) SOURce2:VOLTage <n> Applies to charger channel (#2)

This command sets voltage amplitude in volts: 0 to 15 (1mV resolution).

[SOURce1]:CURRent <n> Applies to battery channel (#1) SOURce2:CURRent <n> Applies to charger channel (#2)

• With the 5mA measurement range selected, the maximum current limit is 1A.

• Sending a value that exceeds 1A is rejected, and the following message is displayed

briefly: CURRENT LIMIT ON

mA RANGE ≤ 1A

2-14 Basic Power Supply Operation

[SOURce[1]]:CURRent:STATe? Applies to battery channel (#1) SOURce2:CURRent:STATe? Applies to charger channel (#2)

1. With the LIMit type selected, this command returns a “1” if the power supply is operating as a constant-current source (current limit reached). With the TRIP type selected, a “1” is returned if the output has turned off (tripped) due to current limit being reached. It will clear to “0” when the output is turned back on.

2. The operation event register can be read to determine if the power supply is in current limit and if the output has tripped (turned off) as a result of the current limit condition. See Section 7 for details.

OUTput[1]:IMPedance <NRf> Applies to battery channel (#1)

This battery channel only command may be set from 0–1Ω in 0.01Ω steps. The command can be used with the output ON or OFF.

OUTput[1]:BANDwidth <name> Applies to battery channel (#1) OUTput2:BANDwidth <name> Applies to charger channel (#2)

This command specifies HIGH or LOW bandwidth. You can program the bandwidth at any time. However, when the output is OFF or the current range is 5mA for the

2306 and 2306-VS (or 500mA for the battery channel on 2306-PJ), the band-

Model width is set to LOW. (See Table 2-2.)

NOTE The bandwidth query will return user-specified settings, not necessarily the present

instrument value.

BOTHOUTON Turns both channels ON BOTHOUTOFF Turns both channels OFF

NOTE These commands are available starting in firmware release version B02. Use the

Model 2306 REVISION NUMBER menu item (located on the main menu) to display the firmware revision for the microcontroller and the display.

When sending either command, make note that the command is applied to channel 1 (battery channel) first and then to channel 2 (charger channel). This allows both channels’ output state to be controlled with a single bus command while preventing the outputs from being turned ON or OFF simultaneously. No short form exists for this command.

Reading back V and I

Actual V and I display mode

Measured output voltages and currents are displayed with the actual V and I display mode

selected. This display mode is selected as follows:

NOTE To display measured readings if the instrument is in the settings mode, press the SET

key until the blinking stops (the measured readings can then be displayed). To deter mine if the instrument is in the settings mode, check for a blinking cursor in a digit of the voltage or current field (if present, the instrument is in the setting mode).

1. Press the DISPLAY key to access the display menu. DISPLAY TYPE #1 (battery channel active) or DISPLAY TYPE #2 (charger channel active) will appear on the top line of the display. Use

2. Press the ▲ or ▼ keys until “ACTUAL V AND I” is displayed.

3. Press ENTER. Voltage readings are located on the top line of the display, and current readings are located on the bottom line.

NOTE For details on display modes, see “Display modes” in Section 1.

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-15

or ▲ keys to toggle the active channel.

▲

Measurement configuration

CURRENT RANGE #1/#2, INTEGRATION RATE #1/#2, and the AVER READINGS

#1/#2 can be checked or changed from the menu (which is accessed by pressing the MENU key). The “#1” (battery channel active) or “#2” (charger channel active) will appear on the top line of the display. (Use

NOTE Table 1-3 shows the menu structure. Rules to navigate the menu follow the table.

Current range

Current range is linked with current limit. Therefore, as a general rule, the user selects the current range before setting the current limit. The current range can be changed at any time, but selecting the lower range may change the current limit setting.

rent” on page 2-5 for details on current range and current limit.

or ▲ keys to toggle the active channel.)

▲

See “Outputting voltage and cur-

2-16 Basic Power Supply Operation

NPLC rate

The integration (reading) rate of the instrument is specified as a parameter based on the number of power-line cycles (NPLC), where 1 PLC for 60Hz line frequency is 16.67msec (1/60). In general, the fastest integration time (0.01 PLC) results in increased reading noise. The slowest integration time (10 PLC) provides the best common-mode and normal-mode rejection. In-between settings are a compromise between speed and noise.

The NPLC RATE #1/#2 item of the menu is also used to set the reading rate for DVM measurements. Note that it is not used to set the integration rate for pulse current and long integration measurements. These measurements are covered in Sections 3 and 4, respectively.

Average readings

The average reading count (1 to 10) specifies the number of measurement conversions to average for each reading. For example, with a reading count of 5, each displayed reading will be the average of five measurement conversions.

The AVER READINGS #1/#2 menu items are also used to set the average reading count for DVM measurements. Note that it is not used to set the average reading count for pulse current (see Section 3) or long integration measurements (see Section 4).

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-17

SCPI programming — measure V and I, and DVM input

The commands to measure output voltage and current, and the DVM input are summarized

Table 2-4 (a listing following the table contains specific command notes). The “Programming

examples” at the end of this section demonstrates how to use these commands.

Table 2-4

SCPI commands — measure V and I, and DVM input

Commands Description Default

SENSe[1]

:FUNCtion <name>

SENSe[1] subsystem for Channel #1 (battery channel):

Select readback function: “VOLTage”, “CURRent”, or “DVMeter”.

:NPLCycles <n>

Set integration rate (in line cycles) for voltage, current, and DVM measurements: 0.01 to 10.

:AVERage <NRf>

Specify the average count for voltage, current, and DVM measurements: 1 to 10.

SENSe2

:FUNCtion <name>

SENSe2 subsystem for Channel #2 (charger channel):

Select readback function: “VOLTage”, “CURRent”, or “DVMeter”.

:NPLCycles <n>

Set integration rate (in line cycles) for voltage, current, and DVM measurements: 0.01 to 10.

:AVERage <NRf>

Specify the average count for voltage, current, and DVM measurements: 1 to 10.

READ[1]? Trigger and return one reading for Channel #1 (battery

channel)

READ[1]:ARRay? Trigger an array of readings and return them for

Channel #1 (battery channel)

READ2? Trigger and return one reading for Channel #2 (charger

channel)

READ2:ARRay?

Trigger an array of readings and return them for Channel #2 (charger channel)

This command applies to the currently selected function.

VOLT

1.0

VOLT

1.0

NOTE Refer to the Programming syntax paragraph of Section 6 for a description of

parameters (e.g., , <NRf>, etc.).

2-18 Basic Power Supply Operation

Command notes (measure V and I, and DVM input)

SENSe[1]:FUNCtion <name> Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:FUNCtion <name> Applies to charger channel (#2)

1. The parameter name can instead be enclosed in single quotes (e.g., ‘CURRent’).

2. With “DVMeter” selected, the instrument measures the voltage applied to the input of the digital voltmeter (DVM).

3. The “PCURrent” and “LINTegration” parameters for :FUNCtion (which are not listed in

Table 2-4) select the pulse current and long integration measurement modes. These

measurement modes are covered in Sections 3 and 4, respectively.

SENSe[1]:AVERage <NRf> Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:AVERage <NRf> Applies to charger channel (#2)

1. When requesting a single reading (FETch?, READ?, or MEASure?), average count specifies the number of measurement conversions to average for the reading. For example, with the average count set to 10, READ? will trigger 10 measurement conversions and return (and display) the average of those 10 conversions for the battery channel. When requesting an array of readings (FETCh:ARRay?, READ:ARRay? or MEASure:ARRay?), average count specifies the number of measurements to place in an array. For example, with the average count set to 10, READ:ARRay? will trigger and return 10 battery channel readings (charger channel command similar).

2. Signal oriented measurement commands (e.g., READ?) are covered in Section 9.

Independent voltage measurements (DVM)

The power supply has an independent digital voltmeter (DVM) that can measure up to

+30VDC and down to -5VDC. Connections for the DVM are shown in

DVM input display mode

The DVM input display mode must be selected in order to measure voltage applied to DVM

input of the power supply. This display mode is selected as follows:

NOTE To display measured readings if the instrument is in the settings mode, press the SET

1. Press the DISPLAY key to access the display menu. DISPLAY TYPE #1 (battery channel active) or DISPLAY TYPE #2 (charger channel active) will appear on the top line of the display. Use

2. Press the ▲ or ▼ key until “DVM INPUT” is displayed.

3. Press ENTER.

NOTE For details on display modes, see “Display modes” in Section 1.

or ▲ keys to toggle the active channel.

▲

Figure 2-1.

Measurement configuration

The NPLC RATE #1/#2 and AVER READINGS #1/#2 for DVM measurements can be checked or changed from the menu (which is accessed by pressing the MENU key). The “#1” (battery channel active) or “#2” (charger channel active) will appear on the top line of the dis play. (Use ▲ or ▲ keys to toggle the active channel.)

NOTE Table 1-3 shows the menu structure. Rules to navigate the menu follow the tables.

These two measurement configuration menu items are the same ones used for actual V and I measurements. average readings.

See “Measurement configuration” on page 2-15 for details on NPLC rate and

SCPI programming — DVM

The commands to perform actual V and I measurements are also used to perform DVM measurements. These commands are documented in

The “DVM measurements” programming example at the end of this section demonstrates how to use these commands to measure the DVM input.

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-19

Table 2-3.

Sink operation

Sink operation allows the power supply to be used as a constant current load. To function

a constant current load, the power supply must be in compliance (current limit). When

as operating as a sink, the power supply is dissipating power rather than sourcing it. shows an example of how the power supply can be made to operate as a sink. An external

such as a battery charger circuit, whose voltage is higher than the programmed power

source, supply voltage, is connected as shown. If the supply is operated in remote sense and V the power supply. Current readback is negative.

CAUTION Exceeding current sink capacity (0–5V: 3A max. 5V–15V: Derate 0.2A per volt

Charger

> V

Figure 2-3

+ I

Supply

sinkRcable

above 5V) could cause damage to the power supply that is not covered by the warranty.

, is satisfied, current I

flows into the positive (+) terminal of

sink

2-20 Basic Power Supply Operation

Figure 2-3

Sink operation

Model 2306

Figure 2-4

Preferred method

Model 2306

Sink

Cable

Charger Circuit

+ output

+ sense

Supply

Charger

- sense

- output

Cable

However, in this configuration current compliance may not be reached and current measure-

ments may be unstable if I

sinkRcable

is large. Figure 2-4 shows a preferred method for measuring the current output of the charger circuit at a rated output voltage with the power supply operating in local sense mode. Set the supply output voltage to 0.00V and the enter the desired test (com pliance) current, I and R

test

. Select R

test

so that V

test

Test

, the desired test voltage, is the product of I

charger

Cable

Charger Circuit

test

+ output

+ sense

Supply

- sense

= 0

Sink

Charger

- output

Cable

NOTE Figure 2-4 shows the preferred method for measuring current output of the charger

circuit at a rated output voltage with the power supply operating in local sense mode.

Unless high speed transient performance is absolutely required when operating as a sink, the LOW bandwidth output mode provides superior results with a constant current or voltage load such as a battery charger.

Programming examples

Outputting and reading back V and I

The following command sequences demonstrate how to output voltage and current, and read

back (measure) the actual voltage and current:

Battery channel (#1)

DISP:CHAN 1 ‘ Select battery channel as active one. VOLT 5 ‘ Set output voltage to 5V. SENS:CURR:RANG:AUTO ON ‘ Enable auto range for current. CURR 750e-3 ‘ Set current limit to 750mA. CURR:TYPE TRIP ‘ Select trip mode for current limit. SENS:FUNC ‘VOLT’ ‘ Select the voltage measurement function. SENS:NPLC 2 ‘ Set integration rate to 2 PLC. SENS:AVER 5 ‘ Set average reading count to 5. OUTP ON ‘ Turn on the power supply output. READ? ‘ Trigger 5 voltage measurement conversions

SENS:FUNC ‘CURR’ ‘ Select current measurement function. READ? ‘ Trigger 5 current measurement conversions and

Basic Power Supply Operation 2-21

and return the average of those 5 conversions. The average reading is displayed on the front panel.

return the average of those 5 conversions. The average of the 5 readings is displayed on the front panel.

Charger channel (#2)

DISP:CHAN 2 ‘ Select charger channel as active one. SOUR2:VOLT 5 ‘ Set output voltage to 5V. SENS2:CURR:RANG:AUTO ON ‘ Enable auto range for current. SOUR2:CURR 750e-3 ‘ Set current limit to 750mA. SOUR2:CURR:TYPE LIM ‘ Select LIM mode for current limit. SENS2:FUNC ‘VOLT’ ‘ Select the voltage measurement function. SENS2:NPLC 4 ‘ Set integration rate to 4 PLC. SENS2:AVER 4 ‘ Set average reading count to 4. OUTP2 ON ‘ Turn on the power supply output. READ2? ‘ Trigger 4 voltage measurement conversions

and return the average of those 4 conversions.

SENS2:FUNC ‘CURR’ ‘ Select current measurement function. READ2:ARR? ‘ Trigger 4 current measurement conversions and

return all 4 conversions. The average of the 4 readings is displayed on the front panel.

2-22 Basic Power Supply Operation

DVM measurements

The following command sequence demonstrates how to measure voltage applied to the DVM input of the power supply:

Battery channel (#1)

DISP:CHAN 1 ‘ Set active channel - battery. SENS:FUNC ‘DVM’ ‘ Select the DVM Input function. SENS:NPLC 6 ‘ Set integration rate to 6 PLC. SENS:AVER 10 ‘ Set average reading count to 10. READ:ARR? ‘ Trigger and return 10 readings. The average

Charger channel (#2)

DISP:CHAN 2 ‘ Set active channel - charger. SENS2:FUNC ‘DVM’ ‘ Select the DVM Input function. SENS2:NPLC 3 ‘ Set integration rate to 3 PLC. SENS2:AVER 8 ‘ Set average reading count to 8. READ2:ARR? ‘ Trigger and return 8 readings. The average

of the 10 readings is displayed on the front panel.

of the 8 readings is displayed on the front panel.

Pulse Current Measurements

• Overview — Provides an overview of the pulse current measurement process.

• Measurement configuration — Explains how to configure the instrument for pulse current measurements.

• Pulse current measurement procedure — Provides the step-by-step procedure to perform pulse current measurements from the front panel.

• SCPI programming — pulse current measurements — Documents the commands used to program the instrument for pulse current measurements, and covers pulse current digitization (which can only be performed over the GPIB).

• Pulse current digitization — Explains how to digitize a current waveform.

• Pulse current step method — Explains use of the pulse current step method to perform a series of different trigger level measurements on the same trigger level range.

• Programming examples — Seven programming examples are provided; two for pulse current measurements, two for pulse current digitization, and three for pulse current step method.

NOTES This manual covers Keithley Models 2302, 2302-PJ, 2306, 2306-PJ, and 2306-VS

• battery and charger channel features contained in this manual apply for the Model 2306, 2306-PJ, and 2306-VS

• only battery channel features contained in this manual apply for the Model 2302 and 2302-PJ

Refer to Appendix F for specific Model 2302 and 2302-PJ information.

3-2 Pulse Current Measurements

Overview

The power supply can perform current measurements for dynamic loads on either battery

channel (#1) or charger channel (#2). The built-in measurements include:

• Peak measured current — measures the peak (high) current of the pulse train.

• Idle measured current — measures the idle (low) current of the pulse train.

• Average transmit current — measures the average current of the pulse train.

The high, low, and average measurements of a pulse are illustrated in Figure 3-1. The high measurement is triggered on the rising edge of the pulse, and an integration is performed for the time specified for the high measurement. The falling edge of the pulse triggers the low measurement, and an integration is performed for the time specified for the low measurement. An average measurement is triggered on the rising edge, and the integration is specified by the average measurement time setting. Each pulse current measurement reading will trigger on the respective edge.

NOTE Two other measurements of pulse currents are available over the bus. See “Pulse

current digitization” on page 3-31 and “Pulse current STEP method (battery channel only)” on page 3-32 for details.

NOTE Available current measurement range(s):

Figure 3-1

Pulse current measurement

• Model 2306/2306-VS: 5A

• Model 2306-PJ: 5A, 500mA

High Low

Average

High and average measurements triggered on leading edge of pulse

Low measurement triggered on falling edge of pulse

Trigger level

For the Models 2306, 2306-VS and 2306-PJ on the 5A current range, to avoid false pulse detection, you can use a trigger level of up to 5A. All pulses, noise, or other transients that are less than the set trigger level will be ignored. The charger channel has only one trigger level range setting from 0 to 5A. The battery channel has three trigger level range settings: 5A, 1A, or 100mA trigger level ranges. For 5A, the level may be set from 0 to 5A. For 1A, the trigger level may be set from 0 to 1A. Likewise, the level may be set from 0 to 100mA for the 100mA trigger level range. These ranges affect trigger level resolution and not the current range selec tion since pulse current readings are always performed on 5A current range. The trigger level range option on the battery channel allows the user to set a trigger level with greater resolution.

On the Model 2306-PJ, you can also measure the pulse current on the 500mA current range. Therefore, in addition to the three range settings for the 5A current range, the 2306-PJ has three additional trigger level range settings for the 500mA curent range: 0-500mA, 0-100mA, and 0-10mA. These ranges also affect trigger level resolution for the 500mA current range.

Trigger level range

For the Models 2306, 2306-VS and 2306-PJ on the 5A current range, this setting affects the pulse current trigger level and has no affect on the current range setting since the pulse current measurement is always performed on the 5A current range. Three settings (battery channel only) are available: 5A, 1A, or 100mA. Use the range that provides adequate trigger level resolution (a 100mA range provides a greater available resolution for trigger level than does the 1A range).

Pulse Current Measurements 3-3

The Model 2306-PJ operates in the same fashion with respect to the 500mA current range. When using the Model 2306-PJ’s 500mA current range, the three trigger level range settings are: 500mA (0.5mA step), 100mA (0.1mA step), and 10mA (0.1mA step).

Trigger delay

The high, low, or average integration times can either be manually or automatically set. When a pulse is detected, there is a 15µsec code execution delay (internal trigger delay — see

Figure 3-2) before the integration time begins. An additional user trigger delay can be set to

allow the leading edge pulse overshoot to settle. Regardless of the user trigger delay setting, the internal trigger delay is always present.

3-4 Pulse Current Measurements

Figure 3-2

Trigger delay for high pulse current measurement

Internal Trigger Delay (15 μs)

Trigger Delay

User Trigger Delay

Integration Time

High Low

Average

High = integration time specified for high measurement time + Trigger Delay Low = integration time specified for low measurement time + Trigger Delay Average = integration time specified for average measurement time + Trigger Delay

Trigger Delay = Internal trigger delay (15 μs) + User trigger delay

The integration time will not start until the trigger delay period expires after detecting the pulse. For accurate readings, make sure that the trigger delay (user and internal) plus the integration time does not exceed the time for the overall measurement. Refer to

Figure 3-2 for

an illustration containing the trigger delay relationships for a high pulse current measurement.

Integration times

The three integration time periods for pulse measurements can be set automatically or manually by the user. When the pulse auto time operation is performed, the instrument measures the high and low periods of the detected pulse and sets appropriate integration times. The pulse average time is set to the sum of the measured high and low times. The three integration times apply for all subsequent pulse measurements until another pulse auto time is performed or the times are changed manually. The pulse auto time feature can detect pulses in the 80μsec to 833msec range. Auto time (when used) accounts for the internal trigger delay (15μsec).

You can manually set the pulse high time, pulse low time, and pulse average time. However, you must make sure the integration time covers the portion of the pulse of interest. For example, if the pulse is high for 600μsec, the high integration time must be ≤600μsec. If not, you will integrate a low portion of the pulse, and the high pulse measurement will be compromised. Be

Pulse Current Measurements 3-5

sure to factor in the trigger delay (both internal plus user) when determining integration times

Figure 3-2). When manually set using the front panel keys, the values are changed in

(see increments of 33.3333μsec. This ensures that an integral value of 33.3333μsec will be selected.

NOTE Auto time does not account for user trigger delay — if using auto time, make sure the

user trigger delay is appropriately set for the desired overall measurement time.

NOTE Do not use auto time with the Model 2306-VS if the other channel has trigger external

enabled (

After auto time acquires a time value (auto time), the auto time is adjusted for the internal

trigger delay of 15μsec (auto internal time). The auto internal time is then adjusted to be an integral time value of 33.3333μsec (auto integral time). For example:

auto time value = 28.053msec

auto internal time = 28.053ms - 0.015msec = 28.038ms

auto integral time = 28.033ms (response returned when time setting is queried)

When a pulse time is set via the bus, the time is assumed to be an auto internal time (i.e., the value is assumed to be adjusted for the internal delay value). This value is then adjusted to the applicable integral value. For example:

Section 6).

manual time value = 5.040msec integral time = 5.033ms (response returned when time setting is queried)

Average readings count

NOTE The menu item AVER READINGS #1/#2 applies to average readings for DVM, I and

V where AVERAGE READINGS under PULSE CURRENT #1/#2 menu item applies to pulse current measurements.

The average readings count specifies how many measurements (integrations) are performed and averaged for each displayed reading. For example, assume that the pulse average readings count is 10 and you are measuring PULSE HIGH. Each displayed reading will reflect the average of 10 peak pulse measurements.

3-6 Pulse Current Measurements

Measurement configuration

NOTES Current range is selected from the CURRENT RANGE #1/#2 item of the menu.

Integration times, average readings count, trigger delay, trigger level range, and trigger level are set from the PULSE CURRENT item of the menu. Details on integration rate, average readings count, trigger delay, trigger level range, and trigger level are provided in the

Table 1-3 shows the menu structure. Rules to navigate the menu follow the table.

The menu item AVER READINGS #1/#2 applies to average readings for DVM, I, and V, where the AVERAGE READINGS under PULSE CURRENT #1/#2 applies to pulse current measurement.

Current range

For pulse current measurements, the AUTO range selection is functionally a no-op (no operation). The instrument will not auto range with the pulse current measurement function selected. Pulse current measurements are always performed on the 5A range. Therefore, selecting pulse current with the 5mA range active will cause the supply to first switch to the 5A range regardless of the current range setting (5mA or AUTO).

"Overview" starting on page 3-2.

Current range is linked to current limit. Therefore, as a general rule, the user selects the current range before setting the current limit. See “Outputting voltage and current” (in Section 2) for details on current range and current limit. Current range is selected from CURRENT RANGE #1/#2 item of the menu (CURRENT RANGE #1 refers to the battery channel while CURRENT RANGE #2 refers to the charger channel).

NOTE To get better trigger level resolution, make sure the trigger level range (battery

channel only) is set appropriately for the expected measurement.

Integration times

Use the following items of the PULSE CURRENT #1/#2 menu item to set integration times:

NOTE Set PULSE CURRENT integration times in the range of 33.3μsec to 833ms

(833333μsec) in 33.3333μsec steps.

• HIGH TIME — Use to set the integration period (in μsec) for high pulse-current measurements. Make sure to account for the internal (15μsec) and user trigger delay.

• LOW TIME — Use to set the integration period (in μsec) for low pulse-current measurements. Make sure to account for the internal (15μsec) and user trigger delay.

• AVERAGE TIME — Use to set the integration period (in μsec) for average pulse-current measurements. Make sure to account for the internal (15μsec) and user trigger delay.

• AUTO TIME — Use to automatically set the integration times for high, low, and average pulse-current measurements. These times are based on detecting the pulse and remain until another auto time is performed or the times are manually changed. Auto time accounts for the internal (15μsec) delay but not the user trigger delay.

NOTE Do not use AUTO TIME with the Model 2306-VS if the other channel has trigger

external enabled.

• PULSE TIMEOUT — Use to set the variable pulse current timeout feature for pulse current measurements. The default value is 1.000 second (incremented in 1ms steps). Refer to "Using FAST, SEARch, and DETect" for detailed usage information on properly setting this TimeOUT variable.

Average readings count

Use the AVERAGE READINGS item of the PULSE CURRENT #1/#2 menu item to set the average readings count. This count specifies the number of measurements (integrations) to aver age for each reading. For example, with measurement count set to 10, each displayed reading will reflect the average of 10 pulse current measurements. Each measurement needs to start after detecting the respective edge for triggering.

NOTE Set AVERAGE READINGS count in the range of 1 to 100.

Pulse Current Measurements 3-7

Trigger delay, trigger level range, and trigger level

Use the following items of the PULSE CURRENT menu item to set trigger delay, trigger level range, and trigger level:

• TRIGGER DELAY — Use to specify additional user trigger delay (0 to 100msec in 10µsec steps). See addition to the internal trigger delay of 15µsec.

• TRG LEV mA Range — Model 2306-PJ battery channel only setting. Use to specify the trigger level range resolution. Possible ranges are:

Model 2306-PJ (500mA current range only)

500mA FULL SCALE (0-500mA) 100mA FULL SCALE (0-100mA) 10mA FULL SCALE (0-10mA)

“Trigger delay” on page 3-3 for details. This user trigger delay is in

3-8 Pulse Current Measurements

• TRG LEVEL mA — Model 2306-PJ — Use to specify the trigger level for the 500mA current range (battery channel only). Pulses less than the specified level are not detected.

Battery Channel (#1): Model 2306-PJ — On the 500mA current range, the trig- ger level can be set for 500mA, 100mA, or 10mA range:

500mA range 0-500mA in 0.5mA steps. 100mA range 0-100mA in 0.1mA steps. 10mA range 0-10mA in 0.1mA steps.

Trigger hysteresis is built into the hardware. For the 500mA range, trigger hysteresis is approximately 1mA. For the 100mA range, trigger hysteresis is approximately 0.2mA. For the 10mA range, trigger hysteresis is approximately

0.02mA. If a pulse does not exceed the appropriate hysteresis level, trigger detection will not occur. The three trigger level ranges for the battery channel (#1) are displayed as follows:

500mA Range: PCUR TLEV mA #1

100mA Range: PCUR TLEV mA #1

10mA Range: PCUR TLEV mA #1

mA (500) 0.0000A

mA (100) 0.0000A

mA (10) 0.0000A

To change the range for the trigger level setting, place the blinking cursor on the “A” at the far right end of line two of the display, and press the

the trigger level (in amps), press ENTER to update the displayed range for that trigger level setting only.

• TRIG LEVEL RANGE — Battery channel (#1) setting only. Use to specify the trigger level range resolution. Possible ranges are:

Models 2306, 2306-VS and 2306-PJ (5A current range)

5A FULL SCALE (0–5A) 1A FULL SCALE (0–1A) 100mA FULL SCALE (0–100mA)

• TRIGGER LEVEL — Use to set the trigger level. Pulses less than the specified level are not detected.

Battery Channel (#1) — On the 5A current range, the Models 2306, 2306-VS and 2306-PJ trigger level can be set for either the 5A, 1A, or 100mA range.

Trigger level

5A range 0–5A in 5mA steps.

1A range 0–1A in 1mA steps.

100mA range 0–100mA in 0.1mA steps.

Trigger hysteresis is built into the hardware. For the 5A range, trigger hysteresis is

approximately 10mA. For the 1A range, trigger hysteresis is approximately 2mA. For

 or  key. After keying in

Pulse Current Measurements 3-9

the 100mA range, trigger hysteresis is approximately 0.2mA. If a pulse does not exceed the appropriate hysteresis level, trigger detection will not occur.

The three trigger level ranges for the 5A current range on the battery channel (#1) are displayed as follows:

5A Range: PCUR TRIG LEVEL #1

A (5.0) 0.000A

1A Range: PCUR TRIG LEVEL #1

A (1.0) 0.000A

100mA Range: PCUR TRIG LEVEL #1

mA (100) 0.0000A

To change the range for the trigger level setting, place the blinking cursor on the “A” at the far right end of line two of the display, and press the in the trigger level (in amps), press ENTER to update the displayed range for that trig ger level setting only.

Charger Channel (#2) — Set the trigger level from 0 to 5A in 5mA steps. However, there is approximately 10mA of trigger hysteresis built into the hardware. Therefore, if a pulse does not exceed this level, trigger detection will not occur.

▲ or ▼ key. After keying

Pulse current display mode

Pulse current measurements are displayed with the pulse current display mode selected. This

display mode is selected as follows:

NOTE To display measured readings if the instrument is in the settings mode, press the SET

1. Press the DISPLAY key to access the display menu.

2. If the desired active channel is not selected, use the ▲ and ▲ keys to toggle the active channel. The top line of the display will show which channel is active as either DISPLAY

TYPE #1 or DISPLAY TYPE #2.

3. Press the ▲ or ▼ key until “PULSE CURRENT” is displayed and press ENTER.

4. Use the ▲ or ▼ key to display the desired pulse measurement; PULSE HI, PULSE LO, or PULSE AVG.

NOTE For details on display modes, see “Display modes” in Section 1.

3-10 Pulse Current Measurements

Pulse current measurement procedure

The following steps summarize the procedure to perform pulse measurements:

1. Press the MENU key to access the menu.

2. Select PULSE CURRENT #1 or #2 by scrolling through the primary menu items (use

▲ and ▼ keys to scroll).

the

3. For the battery channel (#1), select the desired trigger level range (5A, 1A, or 100mA) from the TRIG LEVEL RANGE item of the PULSE CURRENT #1 menu. Pulse measurements for both channels are automatically performed on the 5A current range.

4. From the PULSE CURRENT #1/#2 item of the menu, set the trigger level, trigger delay (optional), integration times, and average readings count (optional). (See NOTE.)

5. As explained in Section 2, set the output voltage and current limit, and press OPERATE.

6. Press the DISPLAY key and select the PULSE CURRENT display type.

7. Use the ▲ or ▼ key to display the desired pulse measurement: PULSE HIGH, PULSE LOW, or PULSE AVG.

NOTES For the charger channel (#2), the trigger level range is automatically set to the 0–5A

range (non-configurable).

Setting the trigger level with the output off will cause the pulse timeout message to appear. However, the trigger level will be set.

No pulses detected

If no pulses are detected, current will not be measured (i.e. -----A) and the “NO PULSE” message will be displayed. The “NO PULSE” message is displayed with dashes or the last valid pulse reading. Dashes are shown if the pulse-current measurement settings are not appropriate for detecting pulses. The last valid pulse is shown if the pulse disappears while taking readings and no change in pulse settings was made.

Pulses are not detected with the output OFF. With the output ON, pulses will not be detected if the trigger level is too low or too high. Perform the following procedure to find an appropriate trigger level. Make sure the voltage and current settings are appropriate for detecting pulses.

Determining correct trigger level (pulse current)

NOTE If possible, always use an oscilloscope to determine the timing and transient

characteristics of a DUT. The waveform information is very useful in setting up the 2306, reducing setup time and achieving maximum performance and productivity. The voltage and current characteristics of the DUT can be determined with a 2-channel Oscilloscope with differential inputs, a 0.1Ω resistor used as a current sense resistor, and a voltage probe at the DUT as shown in oscilloscope inputs are required to prevent grounding the supply output leads.

Figure 3-3. Differential

Figure 3-3

Determining voltage and current characteristics

Quick Disconnect

Connector

Pulse Current Measurements 3-11

External Test Circuit

DVM Input

Model 2306 Source Input/Output

Procedure

1. As explained in Section 2, set the output voltage and current limit.

2. Press OPERATE.

3. Select the pulse current display type. If the trigger level is too low or too high, the “NO

4. Go into the menu, select PULSE CURRENT #1/#2, and then TRIGGER LEVEL.

5. Change the PCUR TRIG LEV #1/#2 and press ENTER. If the trigger level is still too

6. If the message appeared, repeat step 5 until a valid trigger level is found.

7. Use the MENU key to back out of the menu structure and display pulse current

DVM +

DVM Source Source -

Sense -

Sense + Source + Source +

Twisted Pair

0.1 Ω Current Sense Resistor

CHANNEL 1

CHANNEL 2

Oscilloscope

DUT

PULSE” message will be displayed.

low or too high, the “TRIG NOT DETECTED” message will be displayed briefly. Note that it may take a few seconds for the message to appear. (

See “TRIG NOT DETECTED

message” on page 3-12 for more information.)

measurements.

3-12 Pulse Current Measurements

TRIG NOT DETECTED message

The TRIG NOT DETECTED message is displayed when specific TLEV settings coupled with specific TLEV ranges have been set and a trigger has not been detected. Refer to

Table 3-1 for the message preconditions.

Table 3-1

TRIG NOT DETECTED message

TLEV setting TLEV range TRIG NOT DETECTED Message displayed?

90mA for 100mA range 1A No (not checked because TLEV setting does not

90mA for 100mA range 5A No (not checked because TLEV setting does not

0.75A for 1A range 1A May appear1

0.1A for 5A range 5A May appear

3.0A for 5A range 5A May appear

1.1A for 5A range 100mA No (not checked because TLEV setting of 5A

1.1A for 5A range 1A No (not checked because TLEV setting of 5A

May appear depends on OUTPUT:

• If OFF, the message will appear.

• If ON, display of the message will depend on the trigger level setting. If trigger level setting > expected low measurement and also trigger level setting < the expected high measurement, the message will not appear.

For example, if the expected pulse high is 2.2A and the expected pulse low is 0.5A, the output is on, and the TLEV range is 5A, notice the following results:

Setting 0.3A TRIG NOT DETECTED is displayed (setting too low). Setting 3.0A TRIG NOT DETECTED is displayed (setting too high). Setting 1.1A The message will not display (setting correct).

match TLEV range)

does not match TLEV range of 100mA)

does not match TLEV range of 1A)

See steps 1–3 of the “Pulse current measurement procedure” on page 3-10 for information on setting the trigger level range. For the charger channel #2, the trigger level range setting is not user selectable.

NOTE Setting the trigger level and/or the trigger range may cause “PULSE CURR TRIG

NOT DETECTED” to appear.

Pulse Current Measurements 3-13

SCPI programming — pulse current measurements

The commands for pulse current measurements are summarized in Table 3-2 (a listing following the table contains specific command notes). “Programming examples” on page 3-29 demonstrate how to use these commands.

Table 3-2

SCPI commands — pulse current measurements

Command Description Default

SENSe[1] SENSe subsystem for Channel #1 (battery channel): :FUNCtion “PCURrent” Select pulse current measurement function. VOLT :PCURrent Pulse current configuration: :AVERage <NRf> Specify average count:

1–100 (pulse current measurements) or

:MODE <name> Select measurement mode; HIGH, LOW or AVERage. HIGH :TIME Set integration times: :AUTO Integration times set automatically. :HIGH <NRf> Specify integration time (in sec) for high pulse measurements; 33.33e-6

:LOW <NRf> Specify integration time (in sec) for low pulse measurements; 33.33e-6 to

:AVERage <NRf> Specify integration time (in sec) for average pulse measurements; 33.33e-

:DIGitize <NRf>

:SYNChronize Pulse detection triggering: [:STATe] Send ON to select pulse current measurements or

:TLEVel Trigger level:

[:AMP] <NRf> Set trigger level (in amps) for 5A range: 0.0–5.0 0.0 :ONE <NRf> Set trigger level (in amps) for 1A range: 0.0–1.0 0.0 :MILLiamp <NRf> Set trigger level (in amps) for 100mA range: 0.0–0.1 0.0 :HALFamp <NRf> Model 2306-PJ only — set trigger level (in amps) for 500mA range: 0-

:HUNDred <NRf> Model 2306-PJ only — set trigger level (in amps) for 100mA range: 0-

:TEN <NRf> Model 2306-PJ only — set trigger level (in amps) for 10mA range: 0-

:RANGe <NRf> Model 2306, 2306-VS or 2306-PJ when on 5A current range.

SENSe[1] :PCURrent :SYNChronize :TLEVel :RANGe <NRf>

Specify integration time (in sec) for digitizing or burst measurements (B10

OFF to select pulse current digitization.

1–5000 (pulse current digitization).

to 0.8333.

0.8333.

6 to 0.8333.

firmware and later); 33.33e-6 to 0.8333.

500mA.

100mA.

10mA.

Set trigger level range (100mA, 1A, or 5A). The parameter <NRf> sent with this command causes the trigger to be set with the trigger level setting of MILL, ONE, or AMP. Queries receive responses of 0.1, 1.0, or 5.0 accordingly. In other words, if a value of 2.0A is sent with the command, a value of 5A will be returned as a response to a query.

3.333e-5

0.0

3-14 Pulse Current Measurements

Table 3-2

SCPI commands — pulse current measurements (cont.)

Command Description Default

:MILLiamp <NRf> Model 2306-PJ when on 500mA current range. Set trigger level range

(10mA, 100mA, or 500mA). The parameter <NRf> sent with this command causes the trigger to be set with the trigger level setting of HALFamp, HUNDred, or TEN. Queries receive responses of 0.5, 0.1, or 0.01 accordingly. For example, if a value of 75mA is sent with the command, a value of 0.1A will

:DELay <NRf> Specify trigger delay in seconds:

:STEP Performs a series of measurements (See “Pulse current step method” on

:UP <NRf> <0-20> (max is for both up and down combined) 1 :DOWN <NRf> <0-20> (max is for both up and down combined) 1 :TIME <NRf> 33.3μsec–100msec 200μsec :TimeOUT <NRf> TimeOUT (other than the first): 2msec–200msec 2ms :INITial <NRf> First TimeOUT step: 10msec–60secs 2sec :DELay <NRf> 0msec–100msec (in 10msec steps) 0 :SEQuence Define up to 19 delay sequence values using the index and the

:LENgth Define the delay sequence length (0 to 19). Specify zero to

:SKIP Specify whether (1) or not (0) to skip sequential triggers.

:RANGe <NRf> Model 2306, 2306-VS or 2306-PJ when on 5A current range.

:MILLiamp <NRf> Model 2306-PJ when on 500mA current range. Set trigger level range

:TLEVx <NRf> Set trigger level for each TLEV step where x equals 1–20

be returned as a response to a query.

0.0

0.0–0.1 (pulse current measurements) or

0.0–5.0 (pulse current digitization).

OFF

page 3-23)

0 time value (e.g. “1,1e-3” sets the first delay to 1ms). Ranges: i: 119 and t: 0 to 100e-3.

0 always use the PCUR:STEP:DELay value.

1 = Only requires 1 trigger 0 = Requires multiple triggers

5A Set trigger level range (100mA, 1A, or 5A). The parameter <NRf> sent with this command causes the trigger to be set with the trigger level setting of MILL, ONE, or AMP. Queries receive responses of 0.1, 1.0, or 5.0 accordingly. In other words, if a value of 2.0A is sent with the command, a value of 5A will be returned as a response to a query.

0.0

(0.0–maxA where max is 100mA for 100mA RANGe setting, 1A for 1A RANGe setting, and 5A for 5A RANGe setting).

Pulse Current Measurements 3-15

Table 3-2

SCPI commands — pulse current measurements (cont.)

Command Description Default

SENSe[1] :PCURrent

:FAST Enable or disable pulse current fast readings. OFF :SEARch Enable or disable pulse current search. ON :DETect Enable or disable pulse current detection mode. OFF :TimeOUT Specify length of timeout: 5ms - 32s incrementing in 1ms. 1 (sec) SENSe2 SENSe subsystem for Channel #2 (charger channel): :FUNCtion “PCURrent” Select pulse current measurement function. VOLT :PCURrent Pulse current configuration: :AVERage <NRf> Specify average count:

1 to 100 (pulse current measurements), or

:LOW <NRf> Specify integration time (in sec) for low pulse measurements; 33.33e-6 to

:AVERage <NRf> Specify integration time (in sec) for average pulse measurements; 33.33e-

:DIGitize <NRf>

:SYNChronize Pulse detection triggering: [:STATe] Send ON to select pulse current measurements or OFF to select pulse cur-

:TLEVel <NRf> Set trigger level in amps: 0.0–5.0 0.0 :DELay <NRf> Specify trigger delay in seconds:

:FAST Enable or disable pulse current fast readings. OFF :SEARch Enable or disable pulse current search. ON :DETect Enable or disable pulse current detection mode. OFF :TimeOUT Specify length of timeout: 5ms - 32s incrementing in 1ms. 1 (sec) READ[1]? Trigger and return one reading for Channel #1 (battery channel). READ[1]:ARRay? Trigger an array of readings and return them for Channel #1 (battery

READ2? Trigger and return one reading for Channel #2 (charger channel). READ2:ARRay? Trigger an array of readings and return them for Channel #2 (charger

1 to 5000 (pulse current digitization).

to 0.8333.

0.8333.

6 to 0.8333.

Specify integration time (in sec) for digitizing or burst measurements (B10

firmware and later); 33.33e-6 to 0.8333.

rent digitization.

0.0–0.1 (pulse current measurements) or

0.0–5.0 (pulse current digitization).

channel).

3.333e-5

0.0

Command notes (pulse current measurements)

SENSe[1]:FUNCtion ‘PCURrent’ Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:FUNCtion ‘PCURrent’ Applies to charger channel (#2)

This parameter name can also be enclosed in single quotes (as shown above).

3-16 Pulse Current Measurements

SENSe[1]:PCURrent:AVERage <NRf> Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:PCURrent:AVERage <NRf> Applies to charger channel (#2)

1. When requesting a single reading (FETch?, READ?, or MEASure?), average count specifies the number of pulse current measurement conversions to average for the read ing. For example, with the average count set to 10, READ? will trigger 10 pulse current measurement conversions and return (and display) the average of those 10 battery chan nel conversions (charger channel command similar).

2. When requesting an array of readings (FETCh:ARRay?, READ:ARRay? or MEASure:ARRay?), average count specifies the number of pulse current measurements to place in an array. For example, with the average count set to 10, READ:ARRay? will trigger and return 10 battery channel readings (charger channel command similar).

3. For pulse current digitization, use an array reading command (such as READ:ARRay?) to return the digitized readings.

4. Signal oriented measurement commands (e.g., READ?) are covered in Section 9.

SENSe[1]:PCURrent:TIME Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:PCURrent:TIME Applies to charger channel (#2)

When manually setting the pulse HIGH, LOW, and AVERage time, make sure that:

1. When manually setting the pulse high, low, and average times, make sure that the integration time only covers the portion of the pulse to be measured.

2. Make sure to factor in trigger delays (both the internal plus the user) when determining integration times. Before the integration process begins after pulse detection, the internal trigger delay of 15µsec (for code execution) in addition to any user specified trigger delay must elapse.

3. AUTO time will account for the internal trigger delay (15msec) but not for any user trigger delay (user trigger delay is set using the DELay command).

SENSe[1]:PCURrent:TIME:DIGitize <NRf> Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:PCURrent:TIME:DIGitize <NRf> Applies to charger channel (#2)

This command allows you to specify the integration time that occurs when the Model 2302, 2306, 2306-PJ, or 2306-VS is digitizing or in burst mode. (SENS:PCUR:SYNC:STAT is OFF for the particular channel.) Units with firmware version at or below B09 will have digitization occur at the integration rate of 33.3μs. With firmware version B10 and beyond, the integration rate will be at the value set with this command. This feature allows you to sample a pulse load for a longer time than the existing method by increasing the integration time from 33.3μs.

NOTE Pulse current digitization is also known as pulse current burst mode.

SENSe[1]:PCURrent:SYNChronize Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:PCURrent:SYNChronize Applies to charger channel (#2)

Boolean parameters:

•ON or 1 - Enables trigger synchronization for pulse current measurements. A pulse current reading will not trigger until the specified trigger level is detected and the specified trigger delay (both the internal plus the user delay) period expires.

Pulse Current Measurements 3-17

•OFF or 0 - Disables trigger synchronization and selects pulse current digitization. See “Pulse current digitization” for details on digitizing a current pulse or waveform.

:TLEVel Commands

A valid trigger level for detecting the pulse is needed whether trigger synchronization is ON or OFF (see :SYNChronize commands above).

SENSe[1]:PCURrent:SYNChronize:DELay <NRf> Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2:PCURrent:SYNChronize:DELay <NRf> Applies to charger channel (#2)

1. The smallest step size for trigger delay is 10µsec. If you specify a smaller step size, it is adjusted up to the next 10µsec step value (e.g., 43µsec is adjusted up to 50µsec).

2. After pulse detection but before the integration process begins, the internal trigger delay of 15µsec (for code execution) in addition to any user specified trigger delay must elapse. This command is used to set the user trigger delay.

3. Make sure this setting works with the :TIME settings to produce an accurate reading. Although AUTO accounts for internal trigger delay, HIGH, LOW, and AVERage do not. Note that none of the TIME commands account for the user trigger delay.

SENSe[1]: PulseCURrent:FAST Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2: PulseCURrent:FAST Applies to charger channel (#2)

Refer to "Using FAST, SEARch, and DETect" for detailed usage information.

SENSe[1]:PulseCURrent:SEARch Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2: PulseCURrent:SEARch Applies to charger channel (#2)

Refer to "Using FAST, SEARch, and DETect" for detailed usage information.

SENSe[1]: PulseCURrent:DETect Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2: PulseCURrent:DETect Applies to charger channel (#2)

Refer to "Using FAST, SEARch, and DETect" for detailed usage information.

SENSe[1]:PulseCURrent:TimeOUT <NRf> Applies to battery channel (#1) SENSe2: PulseCURrent: TimeOUT <NRf> Applies to charger channel (#2)

Refer to "Using FAST, SEARch, and DETect" for detailed usage information on properly setting the TimeOUT variable.

Using FAST, SEARch, and DETect

Use FAST, SEARch, and DETect to control how background readings are taken. A background reading is a measurement taken by the power supply between user triggered readings. The selected function dictates how background readings are taken between user triggered readings.

3-18 Pulse Current Measurements

For pulse current, a background reading involves looking for the pulse and optionally generating a reading for the user. The various settings of SEARch, FAST, and DETect allow the user to fine tune the function. This enables the function to perform the desired background readings (if any) between user triggered readings. The default settings (FAST:OFF, SEARch:ON, and DETect:OFF) allow the pulse current background readings to be taken. If no pulse is present, the setting of TimeOUT affects how responsive the supply is to bus commands. If a pulse is present, the search time affects how responsive the supply is to bus commands (refer to

3-3 contains the available settings for FAST, SEARch, and DETect commands and a description

of the resulting action.

In order to efficiently use FAST, SEARch, and DETect for pulse current measurements, the user must know the approximate period of the expected pulse. TOUT (TimeOUT) specifies the timeout length for searching for the pulse (default setting is 1 second). When the TOUT value is reached, NO PULSE is displayed (top line of the front panel display) if default settings for FAST, SEARch, and DETect are used. See if the default settings are not used. Set the value for TOUT as follows:

TOUT = Search Time + Pe ri od

Search Time = time allowed for detection of a pulse edge

Period = time between consecutive pulse edges

In other words, the timeout value should be set to allow sufficient time for detection of the pulse if the edge is just missed. In the rising edge was just missed, (D) will be the first detectable rising edge. If the timeout is less than search time, a pulse trigger time out (due to TOUT) may occur. Therefore, if the period

= 0.4 seconds, a good TOUT value would be 0.5 seconds. A similar method for selecting

a TOUT value would be to use a value equal to 105% of the expected pulse period.

Figure 3-4). Tab le

Table 3-3 for what is shown on the front panel display

Figure 3-4, (P) is the point to start looking for the pulse. Since

Figure 3-4

PCURent and SEARch time for pulse high measurement

Period

Search Time

TOUT

NOTES • If a pulse is not present, timeout needs to elapse (TOUT). This (TOUT elapsing)

paces the unit for processing bus commands.

TOUT setting must account for Search Time and Period.

= Search for Pulse High edge started

= Reading time taken = Detected pulse edge (Rising for pulse high

measurements)

Search Time:

Measured from when unit starts looking for the pulse until the first detectable desired edge. This is a rising edge for HIGH and AVG measurements, and falling edge for LOW measurements.

Period: Time between consecutive pulse edges.

Pulse Current Measurements 3-19

• If DETECT ON (only), search time needs to elapse before responding to a bus command.

• If SEARCH OFF or FAST ON, search time and TOUT are not incurred while processing non-user triggered commands (refer to Section 10 of the User’s Manual for examples of user triggered).

• Search time or TimeOUT needs to elapse when checking TLEV command for valid setting, if enabled.

3-20 Pulse Current Measurements

Table 3-3

PCURrent FAST, SEARch, and DETect commands

FAST SEARCH DETECT DESCRIPTION

ON ON ON ON

OFF OFF

ON ON OFF OFF

OFF OFF

ON OFF ON OFF

ON OFF

The unit is most responsive to bus commands in this mode. The supply does not wait for TOUT or search time for background pulse current readings and TLEV command checks. Front panel displays FAST HI / LO / AVG (in remote mode) instead of PCUR HI / LO / AVG (if in local mode). The bottom line may show a previous reading or dashes based on what commands were sent previ ously when in remote mode.

With FAST set to ON, no pulse detection between user-triggered readings occurs, no checking for the parameter of PCUR TLEV commands to detect a pulse occurs, no setting of the pulse trigger timeout bits in the status model between user-triggered readings occurs. Front panel has no indication that pulse is not detected. Over the bus, an overflow reading indicates no pulse detected when asked for a user triggered reading.

For triggered readings, the PTT (Pulse Trigger Timeout) bit is latched until read so the bit may still be set in the status model from a previous timeout. (See section 8 on the status model for more information-Model 2306 User's Man ual.) For triggered readings, the PTT (Pulse Trigger Timeout) bit will be set if the reading times out and the pulse is not detected.

The unit is more responsive to bus commands in this mode since the supply does not need to wait for TOUT or search time for pulse current background readings. However, the supply does need to wait for TOUT or search time when checking the parameter setting for TLEV commands. Refer to

4. Front panel displays "NO SEARCH" instead of PULSE HI / LO / AVG. The

bottom line may show a previous reading or dashes based on what commands were sent previously when in remote mode.

Figure 3-

The setting of the pulse trigger timeout bits in the status model will only occur between user-triggered readings if TLEV commands are sent. For triggered readings, the PTT (Pulse Trigger Timeout) bit will be set if the reading times out and the pulse is not detected. Also, since the PTT bit is latched until read, the bit may still be set in the status model from a previous timeout. (See section 8 on the status model for more information-Model 2306 User's Manual.)

Shaded cells designate command with precedence in each mode.

Pulse Current Measurements 3-21

Table 3-3

PCURrent FAST, SEARch, and DETect commands (cont.)

FAST SEARCH DETECT DESCRIPTION

OFF ON ON This mode allows the user to know whether the pulse disappeared before a

user-triggered reading is requested. The responsiveness of bus commands is governed by TOUT (if no pulses are detected), or by search time (if pulses are detected). Therefore, the longest response time to bus commands is approxi mately the greater of either TOUT or search time values. Refer to Figure 3-4.

If the pulse is detected, the front panel will display DETECT HI / LO / AV on the top line of the display. If no pulses are detected, the front panel will display "NO DETECT" as well as the PTT (Pulse Trigger Timeout) bit being set in the status model. Since the PTT bit is latched until read, a query for the PTT bit may indicate that pulse trigger timeout occurred although the display is show ing DETECT. (See section 8 on the status model for more information-

2306 User's Manual.) The bottom line may show a previous reading or

Model dashes based on what commands were sent previously when in remote mode.

Checking for the parameter of PCUR TLEV command may set the PTT bit of the status model. For triggered readings, the PTT (Pulse Trigger Timeout) bit will be set if the reading times out and the pulse is not detected.

OFF ON OFF With DETect OFF, background pulse current measurements will occur between

user-triggered readings as well as pulse detection. If the pulse is detected, the front panel will display PULSE HI / LO / AVG on the top line of the display along with the reading on the bottom line. If no pulses are detected, the front panel will display “NO PULSE” as well as the PTT (Pulse Trigger Timeout) bit being set in the status model. Since the PTT bit is latched, a query for the PTT bit may indicate that pulse trigger timeout occurred although the display is displaying PULSE HI / LO / AVG and a reading. (See section 8 on the status model for more information-Model 2306 User's Manual.) Checking for the parameter of PCUR TLEV commands to detect a pulse may set the PTT bit. If detecting pulses, the supply's responsiveness to bus commands is affected by search time. If not detecting pulses, the supply's responsiveness to bus commands is affected by TOUT. Therefore, the longest response time to bus commands is approximately the greater of either TOUT or search time (refer to

Figure 3-4).

In this mode, the front panel will show PULSE HI / LO / AVG on the top line with a reading on the bottom. Checking the parameter of PCUR TLEV commands to detect a pulse may set the PTT bit of the status model if TLEV setting causes no pulse detection. For triggered readings, the PTT (Pulse Trigger Timeout) bit will be set if the reading times out and the pulse is not detected.

Shaded cells designate command with precedence in each mode.

3-22 Pulse Current Measurements

Pulse current digitization

The following discussion explains how to digitize a current waveform. A programming example at the end of this section demonstrates proper command sequence for pulse current digitization.

Overall steps for digitization:

1. Sync up to desired edge for measurement.

2. After detecting edge, wait for the internal and also any user trigger delay.

3. Take specified number of readings. The supply synchronizes to only the first reading. After taking the first reading, the supply no longer synchronizes to the selected edge nor does it wait for a trigger delay (internal or user trigger delay).

In the pulse current digitization mode, readings are generated approximately every 274μs for battery channel (490μs for charger channel) and placed in the instrument measurement output buffer. The 274μs or 490μs time interval is the sum of the integration period, 33μsec, and the period required to convert this information into a measurement, approximately 241µsec for battery channel (457μs for charger channel). The instrument initiates the storage and conversion process for the desired number of iterations, as specified with the AVERAGE command, when the :TLEVel threshold is exceeded. The message "DIGITIZE" is displayed instead of readings. The "NO PULSE" message will be displayed if the pulse is not detected. Pulse current digitization is selected by disabling trigger synchronization:

SENS[1]:PCUR:SYNC Battery Channel (#1)

SENS2:PCUR:SYNC Charger Channel (#2)

= OFF Select pulse current digitization (trigger synchronization disabled).

= ON Select pulse current measurements (trigger synchronization enabled).

The commands to set the trigger level and trigger delay for pulse current measurements also apply for pulse current digitization. However the trigger delay can be set up to five seconds.

SENS[1]:PCUR:SYNC:DEL <NRf> Battery Channel (#1)

SENS2:PCUR:SYNC:DEL <NRf> Charger Channel (#2)

<NRf> = 0 to 5 User trigger digitization delay in seconds (10µsec

steps). For digitization, the internal trigger delay is 15μsec.

To detect the pulse, the digitization process synchronizes to the edge specified by the following command:

SENS[1]:PCUR:MODE <name> Battery Channel (#1)

SENS2:PCUR:MODE <name> Charger Channel (#2)

<name> = HIGH or AVER Sync up to rising edge of pulse for 1st reading of

digitization.

= LOW Sync up to falling edge of pulse for 1st reading of

digitization.

After any specified delay period expires, the instrument takes the number of readings speci-

fied by the average count command:

SENS[1]:PCUR:AVER <NRf> Battery Channel (#1) SENS2:PCUR:AVER <NRf> Charger Channel (#2)

<NRf> = 1 to 5000 Digitize 1 to 5000 readings.

NOTE See “Pulse current digitization” on page 3-31 for a programming example. The

SENS:PCUR:TIME:DIG command can be used to set the digitize time for firmware B10 and later. See

Table 3-2.

Pulse current step method

Use the pulse current step method to perform a series of different trigger level measurements on the same trigger level range. This method is available on the battery channel through GPIB operation — SENS:PCUR:STEP commands (see time required to take a sequence of measurements. To use this method, properly set trigger level steps, integration time, timeout setting, and trigger level range for the entire sequence of measurements. Out of these settings, only trigger level may be set to a unique value for each

— settings for integration time and trigger level range apply to all steps in the measurement

step sequence. Timeout has two settings — one for the first step and one for the remaining steps in the sequence. Use an array command to trigger this method since an array of values are returned (e.g., :READ[1]:ARRay?).

Pulse Current Measurements 3-23

Table 3-2). Use this method to decrease the

TLEV steps

TLEV (trigger level) steps are used to define the pulse sequence. A maximum of 20 steps may be defined. These steps can be all UP steps, all DOWN steps, or a combination with the summa tion of UP and DOWN steps to measure not exceeding 20 (see Table 3-4). UP steps are always measured before DOWN steps. To use the step method on pulse forms with DOWN steps first, special programming considerations can be taken. Refer to

first” on page 3-27.

NOTE Erroneous readings will result if the current range is changed after the trigger level

When using the Pulse current step method on the Model 2306-PJ, select the current range first (either 5A or 500mA), then select the trigger level range based on that current range before set ting the trigger level step values. For the 5A current range, the trigger level range options are 5A, 1A, or 100mA full scale. For the 500mA range, the trigger level range full scale options are 500mA, 100mA, or 10mA. Current range and trigger level range needs to be specified before step values because the step values are shared for all current range and trigger level range options. Selecting the trigger level range is less critical than setting the current range because once on a given current range you may change trigger level ranges and the step values will be

“Pulse sequences — down steps

range is selected (Model 2306-PJ only).

3-24 Pulse Current Measurements

verified for being valid on the new range (discussed in more detail later in this section). Because the Models 2306 and 2306-VS have one current range (5A), this range is always the order of operation.

Table 3-4

Setting UP and DOWN commands

Command Description

:SENS:PCUR:STEP:UP 1 1 (UP) + 1 (DOWN default) ≤ 20 ∴ this command is

:SENS:PCUR:STEP:UP 20 20 (UP) + 1 (DOWN) > 20 ∴ this command generates

:SENS:PCUR:STEP:DOWN 3 3 (DOWN) + 1 (UP) ≤ 20 ∴ this command is ok. :SENS:PCUR:STEP:UP 12 12 (UP) + 3 (DOWN) ≤ 20 ∴ this command is ok. :SENS:PCUR:STEP:DOWN 10 12 (UP) + 10 (DOWN) > 20 ∴ this command gener-

ok.

an error message (-222, parameter out of range). Both the up and down settings stay at 1.

ates an error message (-222, parameter out of range). The down setting stays at 3.

Active steps refer to valid UP steps plus valid DOWN steps. If pulse current step method is selected when a trigger command is received, the number of measurements taken equals the number of active steps. Therefore, to receive all measurements at once, use array commands. If array commands are not used, then a single reading is returned. This single reading represents the average of the active step measurements.

NOTE If there are zero (0) active steps when a trigger command for step is received (number

of steps UP + the number of steps DOWN = 0), one reading will be returned (an overflow).

The step method can be used on a variety of pulse forms. See Figure 3-5 for pulse forms that can be measured either as one-shot pulse or as a continuous pulse train. For other pulse forms that can be measured as one-shot only pulses, see rise and fall between steps, use the one-shot method to measure the step values (see “Pulse

sequences — rising and falling” on page 3-26). If the continuous method is used on these pulse

trains, the first step may trigger on any step that would be appropriate for that trigger level. For example, a first step trigger level of 200 milliamps may trigger on any step with an expected value greater that 200 milliamps. that any one of the six steps may actually trigger as a first step reading. Hence, the array of step readings may have overflow readings and/or expected step values out of sequence. In addition, this would vary between triggered step measurements.

Figure 3-8 shows that with a first step TLEV of 200 milliamps

Figure 3-6. For pulse trains that have steps that

Figure 3-5

Sample pulse forms for step method

Pulse Current Measurements 3-25

4 Up 3 Down

Figure 3-6

Sample one-shot only pulses for step method

0 Up 5 Down

0 Up 4 Down

5 Up 0 Down

Trigger level settings

The trigger level may be set to a unique value for each active step. Use the TLEVx command to set appropriate trigger levels for each active step in the waveform. Make sure that the maxi mum setting for the selected trigger level range is not exceeded. (See “Trigger level range” on

page 3-29.)

Figure 3-7 has 5 rising edge steps and 4 falling edge steps. Set the trigger levels for each step

measurement according to the expected pulses. Based on the wave form, the nine trigger levels could be set as follows:

Rising: Falling:

TLEV1 100mA TLEV6 900mA TLEV2 300mA TLEV7 600mA TLEV3 500mA TLEV8 400mA TLEV4 700mA TLEV9 300mA TLEV5 900mA

For a programming example of this sample, see “Sample step method” on page 3-32.

3-26 Pulse Current Measurements

Figure 3-7

Sample :STEP Pulse measurement

TLEV mA (rising edge)

TLEV5

TLEV4

TLEV3

TLEV2

TLEV1

900

700

500

300

100

425

125

0.1

975

825

725

625

525

325

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Pulse sequences — rising and falling

Consider the pulse form in Figure 3-8. This pulse form has three falling (DOWN) level steps followed by three rising (UP) level steps. Since these steps rise and fall to the same steady state current, active steps need to be designated as 6 UP and 0 DOWN to measure the step level cur rent. If DOWN steps are specified then, the step level current measured will be the steady state current.

155

mA TLEV (falling edge)

TLEV6

900

TLEV7

600

TLEV8

400

TLEV9

300

0.6

0.7

TIME (seconds)

TLEV mA

(rising edge)

TLEV5

900

TLEV4

700

TLEV3

500

TLEV2

300

100

TLEV1

1.8 1.9 2.0

825

625

425

125

2.1

2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

mA TLEV

975

725

525

(falling edge)

TLEV6

900

TLEV7

600

TLEV8

400

325

TLEV9

300

155

Figure 3-8

Pulse form with rise and fall steps

3 Down

725mA

425mA

600μsec

Steady state current

4msec

875mA

600mA

3 Up

350mA

275mA

Pulse Current Measurements 3-27

For the active steps, the trigger level may be set to a value appropriate for each rising or falling step, or set to the same value for all active steps. If using the same values for all TLEVx steps, make sure the TLEV value set is appropriate for the smallest step (in

Figure 3-8, the TLEV value

could not be greater than 275mA). See Table 3-5 for sample trigger level values.

Table 3-5

Sample TLEV values for Figure 3-8

TLEVx Unique TLEVx value Same TLEVx value

TELV1 550mA 200mA TELV2 325mA 200mA TELV3 200mA 200mA TELV4 300mA 200mA TELV5 500mA 200mA TELV6 800mA 200mA

Use the one-shot method for measuring the pulses since this pulse sequence rises and falls between steps. To accomplish this, configure the Model 2306 for measuring the pulse sequence then generate the pulse sequence. (See the programming example "One-shot pulse" on page 3-33).

Pulse sequences — down steps first

Consider the pulse form in Figure 3-9. This pulse form has three DOWN steps followed by three UP steps but does not rise or fall between the steps.

Figure 3-9

Pulse form with down steps first (600μsec step duration)

900mA

TLEV1

750mA

600mA

300mA

100mA

450mA

TLEV2

400mA

TLEV4

625mA

To measure the up step values in this pulse sequence, set the value for UP steps to equal the sum of actual UP steps plus one while setting the DOWN step value to zero. In UP steps are set to 4 and DOWN steps to 0. (If UP steps are set to a non-zero value, the

575mA

TLEV3

500mA

700mA

Figure 3-9, the

3-28 Pulse Current Measurements

Model 2306 measures them first.) Also set TLEV1 for the initial step. This value needs to be appropriate for detecting the first DOWN step as an UP step measurement (in value is set at 750mA). For the UP steps, set the trigger level to a value appropriate for each rising step. The key to detecting this pulse sequence is setting the step timeout to a value high enough to bypass the remaining down steps after measuring the first step.

For Figure 3-9, the following expected measurement values and TLEVs were used:

Expected measurements

UP 450mA, 575mA, and 700mA (4th–6th pulses)

DOWN 900mA, 600mA, 300mA (1st-3rd pulses)

TLEVs (all rising)

TLEV1 750mA (1st pulse) TLEV3 500mA (5th pulse) TLEV2 400mA (4th pulse) TLEV4 625mA (6th pulse)

This pulse sequence can be measured using the continuous pulse method (see the programming example be measured using the one-shot method. For the one-shot method, the first step trigger level value could be any value for detecting the 900 milliamp step.

Figure 3-9, this

“Continuous pulse train” on page 3-34). Similarly, this pulse train could

Timeout setting

TOUT (TimeOUT — timeout setting) specifies the timeout length for detecting a given pulse step. When the TOUT value is reached, an overflow value for that step reading is returned. Although all step measurements after the first TOUT step are returned as overflow readings, all step measurements performed before TOUT was exceeded will have correct readings.

Two timeout settings are used: one for the initial step and another for the rest of the active steps. The setting for the initial timeout should be set slightly longer than the period of the pulse for continuous pulse trains. The other timeout setting should cover the longest step duration. Also, make sure to account for trigger delays when determining timeout settings. There are two possible trigger delays: the internal trigger delay (15µsec necessary for code execution), and any user specified trigger delay (optional). The trigger delays occur before the integration process begins but after pulse detection.

To use the pulse current step method to measure a one-shot pulse train, set the initial timeout to the maximum setting of 60 seconds. This allows the Model 2306 to be triggered for step measurements, then a few seconds of delay before generating the one-shot pulse train. The few seconds of delay are required to ensure the Model 2306 is setup and ready to detect the first step when it happens along with the rest of the steps.

Integration time

For the pulse current step method, the integration time is required to be at least 400μsec less

than the step duration. This 400μsec allows for the Model 2306 to complete the previous measurement conversion and become ready for the next pulse edge. With this in mind,

6 lists appropriate integration times. Integration time applies to all active steps when step

measurements are requested — each step has the same integration time.

Table 3-6

Sample integration times

Pulse step duration Step integration times

3.8ms ≤ 3.4ms

1.25ms ≤ 0.85ms 800μsec ≤ 400μsec 500μsec ≤ 100μsec

Trigger level range

Select an appropriate trigger level range for the desired measurements. For the Models 2306, 2306-VS, and 2306-PJ (5A current range), three trigger level ranges are available: 5 amps, 1 amp and 100 milliamps. For the Model 2306-PJ, the step readings can also be taken on the 500mA current range which adds the 500mA, 100mA, and 10mA trigger level ranges. Make sure all TLEV values are valid in the selected trigger level range. There is only one trigger level range for all active steps — each step does not have a unique trigger level range.

Pulse Current Measurements 3-29

Table 3-

Changing ranges

When changing ranges, the currently active TLEV (trigger level) step values are checked. This check verifies that the new range maximum setting does not exceed the range (i.e., 5A for 5A range, 1A for 1A range, or 100mA for 100mA range). If just one of the active step TLEV values exceeds the maximum setting for the new range, then all step TLEV values are set to 0A.

For example: When changing from the 5 amp range to the 1 amp range, a TLEV greater than 1 amp zero's out all active trigger level values. On the other hand, if changing from the 5 amp range to the 1 amp range and no trigger level settings exceed 1 amp, the previous settings will be used for the 1 amp range.

NOTE Change TLEV settings for each step using the :STEP:TLEVx command.

Programming examples

The following programming examples apply to the Models 2306, 2306-VS, and 2306-PJ on the 5A current range. To modify the examples to apply to the 500mA current range (Model

2306-PJ only):

1. Change the SENS:CURR:RANG command line to select the 500mA current range.

2. Change the trigger level commands to appropriate commands for the 500mA current range. In the examples, the command lines requiring this modification are italicized.

3-30 Pulse Current Measurements

Pulse current measurements

The following command sequence will return the average of 10 peak pulse current

measurements:

Battery channel (#1)

DISP:CHAN 1 ‘ Sets active channel - battery. SENS:CURR:RANG 5 ‘ Select 5A range. VOLT 15 ‘ Set output voltage to 15V. CURR 0.75 ‘ Set current limit to 750mA. OUTP ON ‘ Turn output on. SENS:PCUR:SYNC ON ‘ Enable trigger synchronization. SENS:PCUR:AVER 10 ‘ Set average count to 10.

SENS:PCUR:SYNC:TLEV:ONE 0.1 ‘ Set trigger level to 100mA for 1A trigger

SENS:PCUR:SYNC:TLEV:RANG 0.5 ‘ Select the 1A trigger level range.

SENS:PCUR:TIME:AUTO ‘ Set integration times automatically. SENS:PCUR:MODE HIGH ‘ Configure to measure peak pulse. SENS:FUNC “PCUR” ‘ Select pulse current function. READ? ‘ Trigger 10 measurement conversions and

Charger channel (#2)

DISP:CHAN 2 ‘ Sets active channel - charger. SENS2:CURR:RANG 5 ‘ Select 5A range. SOUR2:VOLT 15 ‘ Set output voltage to 15V. SOUR2:CURR 0.75 ‘ Set current limit to 750mA. OUTP2 ON ‘ Turn output on. SENS2:PCUR:SYNC ON ‘ Enable trigger synchronization. SENS2:PCUR:AVER 10 ‘ Set average count to 10. SENS2:PCUR:SYNC:TLEV 0.1 ‘ Set trigger level to 100mA. SENS2:PCUR:TIME:HIGH 600e-3 ‘ Set integration high time to 600ms. SENS2:PCUR:SYNC:DEL 50e-3 ‘ Set trigger delay to 50msec. SENS2:PCUR:MODE HIGH ‘ Configure to measure peak pulse (trigger

SENS2:FUNC “PCUR” ‘ Select pulse current function. READ2? ‘ Trigger 10 measurement conversions and

level range.

‘ return the average of those 10 conver‘ sions. The average of the 10 conversions ‘ is displayed on the front panel. Each of ‘ the ten conversion syncs to the rising ‘ edge.

‘ on rising edge).

‘ return the average of those 10 conver‘ sions. The average of the 10 conversions ‘ is displayed on the front panel. Each of ‘ the ten conversion syncs to the rising ‘ edge.

Pulse current digitization

The following command sequence returns 3600 digitized readings.

Battery channel (#1)

DISP:CHAN 1 ‘ Sets active channel - battery. SENS:CURR:RANG 5 ‘ Select 5A range. VOLT 15 ‘ Set output voltage to 15V. CURR 0.75 ‘ Set current limit to 750mA. OUTP ON ‘ Turn output on. SENS:PCUR:SYNC OFF ‘ Disable trigger synchronization. SENS:PCUR:AVER 3600 ‘ Set average count to 3600.

SENS:PCUR:SYNC:TLEV:ONE 0.1 ‘ Set trigger level to 100mA for 1A range. SENS:PCUR:SYNC:TLEV:RANG 0.5 ‘ Select the 1A trigger level range.

SENS:PCUR:SYNC:DEL 500e-3 ‘ Set trigger delay to 500msec. SENS:PCUR:MODE LOW ‘ Configure to measure low pulse (trigger on

SENS:PCUR:TIME:DIG 1e-4 ‘ Set digitize integration time to 100us

SENS:FUNC “PCUR” ‘ Select pulse current function. READ:ARR? ‘ Trigger and return 3600 readings after sync-

Pulse Current Measurements 3-31

‘ falling edge).

‘ (firmware B10 or later only).

‘ ing to the falling edge for the 1st reading

only.

Charger channel (#2)

DISP:CHAN 2 ‘ Sets active channel - charger. SENS2:CURR:RANG 5 ‘ Select 5A range. SOUR2:VOLT 15 ‘ Set output voltage to 15V. SOUR2:CURR 0.75 ‘ Set current limit to 750mA. OUTP2 ON ‘ Turn output on. SENS2:PCUR:SYNC OFF ‘ Disable trigger synchronization. SENS2:PCUR:AVER 3600 ‘ Set average count to 3600. SENS2:PCUR:SYNC:TLEV 0.1 ‘ Set trigger level to 100mA. SENS2:PCUR:SYNC:DEL 50e-3 ‘ Set trigger delay to 50msec. SENS:PCUR:MODE LOW ‘ Configure to measure low pulse (trigger on

falling edge).

SENS:PCUR:TIME:DIG 1e-4 ‘ Set digitize integration time to 100us

SENS2:FUNC “PCUR” ‘ Select pulse current function. READ2:ARR? ‘ Trigger and return 3600 readings after sync-

‘ (firmware B10 or later only).

ing to the falling edge for the 1st reading only.

3-32 Pulse Current Measurements

Pulse current STEP method (battery channel only)

NOTE For the Model 2306-PJ to function correctly, the current range must be selected

before selecting the trigger level range.

Sample step method

The following command sequence measures pulses similar to the one shown in Figure 3-7.

The step duration is 50ms with a pulse period of 2 seconds.

DISP:CHAN 1 ‘ Set active channel - battery. SENS:CURR:RANG 5 ‘ Select 5A current range. SENS:PCUR:STEP ON ‘ Enable step. SENS:FUNC ’PCUR’ ‘ Select PCUR function. SENS:PCUR:STEP:UP 5 ‘ Specify 5 up steps. SENS:PCUR:STEP:DOWN 4 ‘ Specify 4 down steps ‘ active steps = 9 (5 up + 4 down). SENS:PCUR:STEP:TIME 20e-3 ‘ Specify 20 milliseconds integration time

SENS:PCUR:STEP:RANGE 0.75 ‘ Specify 1 amp step range. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TOUT:INIT 3 ‘ Specify 3 seconds for first step timeout

SENS:PCUR:STEP:DEL 10e-3 ‘ Specify 10 milliseconds for user step delay.

SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV1 100e-3 ‘ Step 1 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV2 300e-3 ‘ Step 2 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV3 500e-3 ‘ Step 3 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV4 700e-3 ‘ Step 4 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV5 900e-3 ‘ Step 5 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV6 900e-3 ‘ Step 6 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV7 600e-3 ‘ Step 7 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV8 400e-3 ‘ Step 8 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV9 300e-3 ‘ Step 9 tlev value. READ:ARR? ‘ Trigger and return the 9 step measurements.

‘ for all active steps must be within 400μsec ‘ of step duration.

‘ (this has to be longer than pulse period).

‘ With 50 milliseconds of step duration, we ‘ use 50 milliseconds (step duration) ‘ 30 milliseconds = 20 milliseconds spare time. ‘ Recall 400 microseconds needed for complet‘ ing previous step measurement and being ‘ ready for next.

NOTE Since this sample program is for a continuous pulse train, the pulse it measures could

also be measured using the single shot method. (

See “One-shot pulse” on page 3-33.)

Pulse Current Measurements 3-33

One-shot pulse

NOTE For the Model 2306-PJ to function correctly, the current range must be selected

before selecting the trigger level range.

The following command sequence measures pulses similar to the one shown in Figure 3-8

with a one-shot pulse measurement. The step duration is 600μsec with 4msec between steps.

DISP:CHAN 1 ‘ Set active channel - battery. SENS:PCUR:STEP ON ‘ Enable step. SENS:FUNC ’PCUR’ ‘ Select PCUR function. SENS:PCUR:STEP:UP 6 ‘ Specify 6 up steps. SENS:PCUR:STEP:DOWN 0 ‘ Specify 0 down steps (remember the default

‘ is 1). See “Pulse sequences – rising and

‘ falling” on page 3-26 for more information. SENS:CURR:RANG 5 ‘ Select 5A current range. SENS:PCUR:STEP:RANGE .75 ‘ Specify 1 amp range. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TIME 100e-6 ‘ Specify 100 microseconds for step integra-

SENS:PCUR:STEP:DEL 50e-6 ‘ Specify 50 microseconds for step delay.

SENS:PCUR:STEP:TOUT 8e-3 ‘ Specify 8 milliseconds for step timeout ex-

SENS:PCUR:STEP:TOUT:INIT 60 ‘ Specify 60 seconds for first step timeout.

‘ Using the same step trigger level for all steps is contained in the ‘ following sample. Table 3-5 contains a sample with the one ‘ trigger level (as shown) and also with unique trigger levels for each

‘ step. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV1 200e-3 ‘ Step 1 TLEV value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV2 200e-3 ‘ Step 2 TLEV value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV3 200e-3 ‘ Step 3 TLEV value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV4 200e-3 ‘ Step 4 TLEV value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV5 200e-3 ‘ Step 5 TLEV value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV6 200e-3 ‘ Step 6 TLEV value. READ:ARR? ‘ Trigger and return the 6 step measurements

‘ After sending this command, wait a few seconds before generating a one

‘ shot pulse sequence.

‘ tion time.

‘ Recall 400 microseconds needed for complet‘ ing previous step measurement and being ‘ ready for next. With 600 microseconds of ‘ step duration, we have 50 microseconds to ‘ spare: ‘ 600 (step duration) - 400 (step processing ‘ time) - 100 (step integration time) ‘ 50(step delay) = 50 (spare time).

‘ cept first one.

‘ Recall for one shot pulse measurement, need ‘ to have a long initial step timeout since ‘ want to trigger the 2306 for pulse step mea‘ surement and wait between 3 to 5 seconds be ‘ fore generating the one shot pulse to guar‘ antee the Model 2306 is waiting for ‘ detection of first step.

3-34 Pulse Current Measurements

Continuous pulse train

NOTE For the Model 2306-PJ to function correctly, the current range must be selected

before selecting the trigger level range.

The following command sequence measures pulses similar to the one shown in Figure 3-9 in

a continuous pulse train. The step duration is 600μsec with a step period of 2 seconds.

DISP:CHAN 1 ‘ Set active channel - battery. SENS:CURR:RANG 5 ‘ Select 5A current range. SENS:PCUR:STEP ON ‘ Enable step. SENS:FUNC ’PCUR’ ‘ Select PCUR function. SENS:PCUR:STEP:UP 4 ‘ Specify 4 up steps. SENS:PCUR:STEP:DOWN 0 ‘ Specify 0 down steps. SENS:PCUR:STEP:RANGE .75 ‘ Specify 1 amp range. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TIME 100e-6 ‘ Specify 100 microseconds for step

SENS:PCUR:STEP:DEL 50e-6 ‘ Specific 50 microseconds for step delay.

SENS:PCUR:STEP:TOUT 3e-3 ‘ Specify 3 milliseconds for step

SENS:PCUR:STEP:TOUT:INIT 3 ‘ Specify 3 seconds for first step timeout.

SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV1 750e-3 ‘ Step 1 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV2 400e-3 ‘ Step 2 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV3 500e-3 ‘ Step 3 tlev value. SENS:PCUR:STEP:TLEV4 625e-3 ‘ Step 4 tlev value. READ:ARR? ‘ Trigger and return the 4 step measurements.

‘ integration time.

‘ timeout except for first step. Recall ‘ timeout needs to be long enough to bypass ‘ the 600mA, 300mA, and 100mA steps, but not ‘ so short it misses the 450mA step (600μsec x ‘ 3 = 1.8 msec). Using 3msec accounts for the ‘ first step spare time as well.

‘ Recall for continuous pulse measurement, ‘ need to have an initial step timeout long ‘ enough to bypass the pulse period.

Long Integration Measurements

• Overview — Provides an overview of the long integration measurement process.

• Measurement configuration — Explains how to configure the instrument for long integration measurements.

• Long integration measurement procedure — Provides the step-by-step procedure to perform long integration measurements from the front panel.

• SCPI programming — Documents the commands used to program the instrument for long integration measurements including FAST, SEARch and DETect usage.

• Programming examples — Include programming examples to perform long integration measurements.

NOTES This manual covers Keithley Models 2302, 2302-PJ, 2306, 2306-PJ, and 2306-VS

• battery and charger channel features contained in this manual apply for the Models 2306, 2306-VS and 2306-PJ

• only battery channel features contained in this manual apply for the Model 2302 and 2302-PJ

Refer to Appendix F for specific Model 2302 and 2302-PJ information.

4-2 Long Integration Measurements

Overview

Long integration is an average current measurement of one or more pulses that can be performed on either the battery channel or the charger channel. The integration time can be as long as 60 seconds. Since long integration is an average measurement, the integration time should be a complete pulse period or an integral number of pulse periods.

Long integration measurements are accomplished by taking an integral number of integration cycles during the total measurement time. An integration cycle is the line cycle period (16.67ms for 60Hz) plus a small processing time. The system calculates the number of integration cycles required based on the total time and rounds down to the nearest integer. Therefore, the actual measurement time can be slightly less than the requested measurement time by up to one line cycle time (one cycle is 16.67ms for 60 Hz and 20ms for a 50 Hz line frequency. A long integra tion reading, R1, is the average of a series of current measurements, m

where n is an integer given by:

where:

1PLC = one power line cycle It = integration time

∑

k 1=

----------------=

⎧⎫

nint

---------------

⎨⎬

1 PLC

⎩⎭

, defined by:

Here the integration time specified by the user and denominator represents the integration time of 1 PLC (16.67 msec for 60Hz or 20 ms for 50Hz) and processing overhead. The function int rounds the argument down to next lowest integer.

Long integration is a technique to extend the capabilities of the power supply A/D circuit beyond its maximum integration time period. The A/D can measure pulses up to 833ms. To extend this time period for longer pulses, the long integration technique uses a filtered and sam

pled measurement of the waveform. This gives the power supply the ability to measure signals with periods up to 60 seconds.

The filtering of the waveform adds some restrictions to the types of pulses being measured. If a pulse train has a high duty cycle, where the off time is less than 200ms, the first period of the measured waveform will not have settled to steady state, therefore it will be an inaccurate measurement. In all cases where the off or low time is less than 200ms, the filtered pulse will have reached steady state in the second cycle of the waveform and, therefore, can be accurately measured (

Figure 4-1). In other words, to measure a periodic waveform with low times less than

200ms (high duty cycle), start measurements after the first period occurs. This is not a problem for one-shot pulses or for pulses with off times greater than 200ms.

Long Integration Measurements 4-3

igure 4-1

teady state for waveforms ased on low pulse times

Integration time

The integration time period can be set automatically or manually by the user. The integration time can be as long as 60 seconds. For 60Hz power line frequency, the minimum integration time setting is 850msec. For 50Hz power line frequency, the minimum integration setting is 840msec.

Use AUTO TIME when you want to perform a long integration measurement of each pulse. When the AUTO TIME operation is performed, the instrument measures the time between two rising pulse edges and sets an appropriate integration time that will encompass the high and low periods of the pulse. This integration time applies for all subsequent long integration measure ments until another AUTO TIME is performed or the time is changed manually.

Steady state

> 200ms t

low

< 200ms

low

Steady state

If you want the integration period to encompass two or more pulses, you will have to set the integration time manually. However, you must make sure that the integration time covers only the portion of the pulse you want to measure. For example, if you want a long integration of two pulses, you must make sure that the set integration time does not extend into the third pulse.

Trigger edge

A pulse edge can be used to trigger the start of the measurement. Either a rising or a falling pulse edge can start the measurement. A pulse has to be detected before a rising or falling pulse edge can trigger a long integration measurement. All pulses that are less than the specified trigger level are ignored ( integration is in process.

A third option is available if you do not want measurements controlled by pulse edges. With NEITHER selected, measurements start as soon as the long integration function is selected. This option does not need a valid trigger level to generate a reading. It will perform a measurement and produce a reading of the current even if a pulse is not present. Therefore, with NEITHER selected, the NO PULSE message will not appear on the display.

see “Trigger level” on page 4-4). Pulse edges are ignored while a long

4-4 Long Integration Measurements

Trigger level

Before a rising or falling pulse edge can trigger the start of a long integration, the pulse must

first be detected. Trigger level specifies the minimum pulse level that will cause detection. For example, if the trigger level is set for 2A, pulses that are ≥2A will be detected. Current pulses <2A are ignored.

The charger channel has only one trigger level range: 0–5A. For the Models 2306, 2306-VS, and 2306-PJ on the 5A current range, the battery channel has three trigger level range settings: 5A, 1A, or 100mA trigger level ranges. For 5A, the level may be set from 0 to 5A. For the 1A range, the trigger level may be set from 0 to 1A. Likewise, the level may be set from 0 to 100mA for the 100mA trigger level range. On the Model 2306-PJ, you can also measure on the 500mA current range. Therefore, the 2306-PJ has three additional trigger level range settings for the 500mA current range: 0-500mA, 0-100mA, and 0-10mA. These ranges affect trigger level resolution and not the current range since long integration readings are always performed on the 5A current range. The trigger level range option on battery channel allows the user to set a trigger level with greater resolution.

Trigger level range

This setting affects long integration trigger level and has no affect on current range setting since long integration measurements are always performed on the 5A current range. For the Models 2306, 2306-VS, and 2306-PJ on the 5A current range, three settings (battery channel only) are available: 5A, 1A, or 100mA. Use the range that provides adequate trigger level resolution (a 100mA range provides a greater available resolution for trigger level than does the 1A range). When using the Model 2306-PJ’s 500mA current range, the three trigger level range settings are: 500mA (0.5mA step), 100mA (0.1mA step), and 10mA (0.1mA step).

Pulse timeout

TOUT (timeout) specifies the timeout length for the pulse. When the TOUT value is reached, NO PULSE is displayed (top line of the front panel display). Set the value for TOUT as follows:

TOUT = LINT TIME + x

where x makes TOUT > LINT TIME

TOUT = timeout (time allowed for detection of a pulse)

LINT TIME = long integration time (time allowed for reading after pulse occurs)

For example, if the trigger edge is set to rising, the timeout value should be set to allow sufficient time for detection of the pulse if the rising edge is just missed. In Figure 4-2, point (A) is the point where we start looking for the pulse. Since the rising edge was just missed, point (B) will be the first detectable rising edge. If the timeout is less than long integration time, a pulse trigger time out (due to TOUT) may occur. Therefore, if long integration time = 1.8 seconds, a good TOUT value would be 2 seconds. A similar method for selecting a TOUT value would be to use a value equal to 105% of the expected pulse period.

Tektronix 2302-2306 DC Power Supply User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

WARRANTY

Manual Print History

Safety Precautions

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

Getting Started

General information

Power supply overview

Remote display option

Power-up

Display modes

Default settings

Menu

SCPI programming

Basic Power Supply Operation

Test connections

Outputting voltage and current

Output bandwidth

Output impedance

SCPI programming — outputting voltage and current

Reading back V and I

SCPI programming — measure V and I, and DVM input

Independent voltage measurements (DVM)

SCPI programming — DVM

Sink operation

Programming examples

Pulse Current Measurements

Overview

Measurement configuration

Pulse current measurement procedure

SCPI programming — pulse current measurements

Pulse current digitization

Pulse current step method

Programming examples

Long Integration Measurements

Overview