Tektronix 2213 schematic

Download

COMMITTED TO EXCELLENCE

PLEASE CHECK FOR CHANGE INFORMATION AT THE REAR OF THIS MANUAL.

2213

OSCILLOSCOPE

OPERATORS

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Tektronix, Inc. P.O. Box Beaverton, Oregon

500

97077

Serial Number __________

070-3397-00 Product Group 46

First Printing JUN 1981 Revised AUG 1982

2213 Operators

CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, AND INDICATORS

The following descriptions are intended to familiarize the operator with the location, operation, and function of the instrument’s controls, connectors, and indicators.

POWER, DISPLAY, AND

PROBE ADJUST

Refer to Figure 3 for location of items 1 through 7.

Internal Graticule-Eliminates parallax viewing error

between the trace and graticule lines. Rise-time amplitude and measurement points are indicated at the left edge of the graticule.

POWER Switch-Turns instrument power on and off.

Press in for ON; press again for OFF.

AUTO FOCUS Control-Adjusts display for optimum

definition. Once set, the focus of the crt display will

be maintained as changes occur in the intensity level of the trace.

PROBE ADJ

0.5

negative going, square-wave voltage (at approximately 1 pensate voltage probes and to check operation of the oscilloscope vertical system. It is not intended to verify the accuracy of the vertical gain or time-base calibration.

BEAM FIND Switch-When held in, compresses the

display to within the graticule area and provides a visible viewing intensity to aid in locating off-screen displays.

TRACE ROTATION Control-Screwdriver control

used to align the crt trace with the horizontal graticule lines.

AUTO INTENSITY Control-Adjusts brightness of

the crt display. This control has no effect when the

BEAM FIND switch is pressed in. Once the control

is set, intensity is automatically maintained at approximately the same level between SEC/DIV switch settings from 0.5 ms per division to 0.05 per division.

Connector-Provides an approximately

kHz)

that permits the operator to com-

pus

Figure 3. Power, display, and probe adjust controls, connector, and

indicator.

VERTICAL

Refer to Figure 4 for location of items 8 through 16.

SERIAL and Mod Slots-The SERIAL slot is im-

printed with the instrument’s serial number. The Mod slot contains the option number that has been installed in the instrument.

CH 1 OR X and CH 2 OR Y Connectors-Provide

for application of external signals to the inputs of the vertical deflection system or for an X-Y display.

In the X-Y mode, the signal connected to the CH 1 OR X connector provides horizontal deflection, and the signal connected to the CH 2 OR Y connector provides vertical deflection.

GND Connector-Provides direct connection to

instrument chassis ground.

REV NOV 1981

MHz OSCILLOSCOPE

Figure 4. Vertical controls and connectors.

3397-05

2213 Operators

10X

PROBE-Indicates the deflection factor

selected when using a 10X probe.

VOLTS/DIV

ter clockwise out of their detent positions, these

controls provide continuously variable, uncalibrated deflection factors between the calibrated settings of the

VOLTS/DIV brated deflection factor to 25 volts per division with IX probe (a range of at least 2.51).

INVERT Switch-Inverts the Channel 2 display when

button is pressed in. Push button must be pressed in a second time to release it and regain a noninverted display.

VERTICAL MODE Switches-Two three-position

switches are used to select the

the vertical amplifier system.

CH I-Selects only the Channel 1 input signal for

display.

BOTH-Selects both Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals be selected for either ADD, ALT, or CHOP

operation.

Variable Controls-When

switches.Extends maximum uncali-

for display.

The BOTH position must

rotated

mode of operation

coun-

for

Input Coupling (AC-GND-DC) Switches-Used to

select the method of coupling input signals to the vertical deflection system.

AC-Input signal is capacitively coupled to the vertical amplifier. The dc component of the input signal is blocked. Low-frequency limit (-3 point) is approximately 10 Hz.

GND-The input of the vertical amplifier is grounded to provide a zero (ground) voltage display (does not ground the input signal). This switch position allows coupling capacitor.

DC-All frequency components of the input

signal are coupled to the vertical deflection system.

CH 1

VOLTS/DlV Used to select the vertical deflection factor in a l-2-5 sequence. To obtain a calibrated deflection factor, the

VOLTS/DIV

PROBE-Indicates the deflection factor

selected when using either a 1X probe or a coaxial

cable.

and CH 2

variable control must be in detent.

precharging

VOLTS/DIV Switches-

reference-

the input

2-Selects

display.

ADD-Displays the algebraic sum of the Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals.

ALT-Alternately displays Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals. The alternation occurs during

retrace at the end of each sweep.

is useful for viewing both input signals at sweep speeds from 0.05 ps per division to 0.2 ms per division.

CHOP-The display switches between the Chan-

nel 1 and Channel 2 input signals during the sweep. The switching rate is approximately 250

kHz.

This mode is useful for viewing both Channel

1 and Channel 2 input signals at sweep speeds from 0.5 ms per division to 0.5 s per division.

POSITION Controls-Used to vertically position the

display on the crt. When the SEC/DIV switch is set to X-Y, the Channel 2 POSITION control moves the display vertically (Y-axis), and the Horizontal POSITION control moves the display horizontally (X-axis).

only the Channel 2 input signal for

This

mode

REV OCT 1981

2213 Operators

HORIZONTAL

Refer to Figure 5 for location of items 17 through 22.

DELAY

with select the amount of delay time between the start of the sweep and the beginning of the intensified zone.

SEC/DIV

for the sweep generator in a l-2-5 sequence.

calibrated sweep speeds, the control must

wise).

TIME-Two controls are used in conjunction

INTENS

Range Selector

selects 0.5 increase the sweep delay from the calibrated setting of the Range Selector switch, rotate the MULTIPLIER control clockwise.

MULTIPLIER Control-Provides variable sweep delay from less than 1 to greater than 20 times the setting of the Range Selector switch.

and DLY’D HORIZONTAL MODE to

Switch-This three-position switch

rc(s,

,us,

and 0.2 ms of delay time. To

Switch-Used to select the sweep speed

SEC/DIV

be in the calibrated detent (fully clock-

For

Variable

SEC/DIV

variable, uncalibrated sweep speeds to at least 2.5 times the calibrated setting. It extends the slowest sweep speed to at least 1.25 s per division.

X10

speed by a factor of 10, pull out the Variable knob. The fastest sweep speed can be extended to 5 ns per division. Push in the Variable control knob to regain the Xl sweep speed.

HORIZONTAL MODE Switch-This three-position

switch determines

horizontal deflection system.

Variable

Magnifier Switch-To

NO DLY-Horizontal deflection is provided by the sweep generator, sweep speed determined by the

INTENS-Horizontal deflection is provided by the sweep generator at a sweep speed determined by the

SEC/DIV provides an intensified zone on the display. The start of the intensified zone represents the sweep-

start point when DLY’D HORIZONTAL MODE

is selected.

Control-Provides continuously

increase displayed sweep

the mode of operation for the

without a delayed start, at a

SEC/DIV

switch. The sweep generator also

SEC/DIV

switch.

SEC/W

Figure 5. Horizontal controls.

3397-06

DLY’D-Horizontal deflection is provided by the

sweep generator at a sweep speed determined by the

SEC/DIV sweep is delayed from the initial sweep-trigger point by a time determined by the setting of the

DELAY TIME Range Selector switch and MULTI-

PLIER control.

POSITION Control-Positions the display hori-

zontally

in all modes.

switch setting. The start of the

TRIGGER

Refer to Figure 6 for locations of items 23 through 30.

EXT INPUT

ducing external signals into the trigger generator.

EXT COUPLING

used

AC-Signals above 60 Hz are capacitively coupled

to the input of the Trigger circuit.

ponents are blocked, and signals below 60 Hz are

attenuated.

Connector-Provides a means of intro-

Switch-Determines the method

couple external signals to the Trigger circuit.

Any dc com-

2213 Operators

DC-All

components of the signal are coupled to

the trigger circuitry. This position

displaying low-frequency or low-repetition-rate signals.

DC+lO-External

a factor of 10.

SOURCE Switch-Determines the source of the

trigger signal that is coupled to the input of the trigger circuit.

INT-Permits triggering on signals that are applied to the CH 1 OR X and CH 2 OR Y input connectors. selected by the INT switch.

LINE-Provides a triggering signal from a sample of the ac-power-source waveform. This trigger source is useful when channel-input signals are time related (multiple or submultiple) to the frequency on the power-source-input voltage.

EXT-Permits triggering on signals applied to the EXT INPUT connector.

trigger signals are attenuated by

The source of the internal signal is

useful

for

INT Switch-Selects the source of the triggering

signal when the

CH I-The signal applied to the CH 1 OR X input connector is the

VERT MODE-The internal trigger source is determined by the signals selected for display by the VERTICAL MODE switches.

connector is the source of the trigger signal.

LEVEL Control-Selects the amplitude point on the

trigger signal at

TRIG’D Indicator-The light-emitting diode (LED)

illuminates to indicate that the sweep is triggered.

SLOPE Switch-Selects the slope of the signal that

triggers the sweep (also refer to TV Signal Displays at

the end of “Instrument Familiarization”).

I-Sweep is

portion of the trigger signal.

SOURCE switch is set to INT.

source of the trigger signal.

2-The signal applied to the CH 2 OR Y input

which

the sweep is triggered.

triggered on the positive-going

Figure 6. Trigger controls, connector, and indicator.

3397-07

I-Sweep

portion of the trigger signal.

MODE Switch-Determines the trigger mode for the

sweep.

AUTO-Permits triggering on waveforms having repetition rates of at least 20 Hz. Sweep free-runs

in the absence of an adquate trigger signal or when the repetition rate is below 20 Hz. The range of the TRIGGER LEVEL control will compensate for the amplitude variations of the trigger signals.

NORM-Sweep is initiated when an adequate trigger signal is applied.

signal, no baseline trace will be present. Triggering on television lines is accomplished in this mode.

TV FIELD-Permits triggering on television fieldrate signals (refer to of “Instrument Familiarization”.

VAR HOLDOFF

trol of the

holdoff control improves the ability to trigger on aperiodic signals (such as complex digital waveforms).

is triggered on the negative-going

In the absence of a trigger

Signal Displays at the end

Control-Provides continuous con-

holdoff

time between sweeps. Increases

time by at least a factor of four. This

REV NOV 1981

2213 Operators

REAR PANEL

Refer to Figure 7 for location of item 32.

EXT

necting

AXIS Connector-Provides a means of

external signals to the Z-axis amplifier to

con-

REPLACE ONLY WITH SPECIFIED

TYPE

AND RATED FUSE DISCONNECT

POWER INPUT BEFORE REPLACING FUSE

intensity modulate the crt display. Applied signals do not affect display waveshape. Signals with fast rise times and fall times provide the most abrupt intensity change, and a 5-V p-p signal will produce noticeable modulation. The Z-axis signals must be time-related to the display to obtain a stable ation

on the crt.

GROUNDING CONDUCTOR

lOK0

POSITIVE GOING

present-

Figure 7. Rear-panel connector.

3397-08

OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS

2213 Operators

This section contains basic operating information and

techniques that should be considered before attempting

any measurements.

GRATICULE

The graticule is internally marked on the faceplate of the crt to enable accurate measurements without parallax error (see Figure 8). It is marked with eight vertical and ten horizontal major divisions. Each major division is divided

into five subdivisions. The vertical deflection factors and

horizontal timing are calibrated to the graticule so that accurate measurements can be made directly from the crt. Also, percentage markers for the measurement of rise and fall times are located on the left side of the graticule.

1ST OR LEFT

VERTICAL

GRATICULE

LINE

CENTER

VERTICAL

GRATICULE

LINE

11TH

OR RIGHT

VERTICAL

GRATICULE

LINE

SIGNAL CONNECTIONS

Generally, probes offer the most convenient means of connecting an input signal to the instrument. They are shielded to prevent pickup of electromagnetic interference, and the supplied 10X probe offers a high input impedance that minimizes circuit loading. This allows the circuit under test to operate with a minimum of change from its normal condition as measurements are being made.

Coaxial cables may also be used to connect signals to the

input connectors, but they may have considerable effect on

the accuracy of a displayed waveform. To maintain the

original frequency characteristics of an applied signal,

only high-quality, low-loss coaxial cables should be used.

Coaxial cables should be terminated at both ends in their

characteristic impedance. If this is not possible, use suitable

impedance-matching devices.

INPUT COUPLING CAPACITOR

PRECHARGING

RISE AND CENTER

FALL TIME HORIZONTAL

MEASUREMENT GRATICULE

PERCENTAGE LINE

MARKERS

Figure 8. Graticule measurement markings.

GROUNDING

The most reliable signal measurements are made when

the 2213 and the unit under test are connected by a com-

mon reference (ground lead), in addition to the signal lead or probe. The probe’s ground lead provides the best grounding method for signal interconnection and ensures the maximum amount of signal-lead shielding in the probe cable. A separate ground lead can also be connected from the unit under test to the oscilloscope GND connector

located on the front panel.

4115-16

When the input coupling switch is set to GND, the input

signal is connected to ground through the input coupling

capacitor in series with a

l-MS2

resistor to form a

precharging network. This network allows the input coupling capacitor to charge to the average dc-voltage level of the signal applied to the probe. Thus, any large voltage transients that may accidentally be generated will not be applied to the amplifier input when the input coupling switch is moved from GND to AC. The

precharging

network also provides a measure of protection to the external circuitry by reducing the current levels that can be drawn from the external circuitry during capacitor charging.

The following procedure should be used whenever the probe tip is connected to a signal source having a different dc level than that previously applied, especially if the level difference is more than 10 times the

VOLTS/DIV

dc-

switch setting:

1. Set the AC-GND-DC switch to GND before con-

necting the probe tip to a signal source.

2. Insert the probe tip into the oscilloscope GND

connector.

2213 Operators

3. Wait several seconds for the input coupling capacitor

to discharge.

4. Connect the probe tip to the signal source.

5. Wait several seconds for the input coupling capacitor

to charge.

6. Set the AC-GND-DC switch to AC. The display will

remain on the screen, and the ac component of the signal

can be measured in the normal manner.

INSTRUMENT COOLING

To maintain adequate instrument cooling, the ventilation holes on both sides and rear panel of the equipment cabinet must remain free of obstructions.

INSTRUMENT FAMILIARIZATION

INTRODUCTION

The procedures in this section are designed to assist you in quickly becoming familiar with the 2213. They provide information which demonstrates the use of all the controls,

connectors, and indicators and will enable you to efficiently operate the instrument.

Before proceeding with these instructions, verify that

the POWER switch is OFF (push button out), then plug the power cord into the ac-power-input-source outlet.

If during the performance of these procedures an improper indication or instrument malfunction is noted, first verify correct operation of associated equipment. Should the malfunction persist, refer the instrument to qualified service personnel for repair or adjustment.

The equipment listed in Table 1, or equivalent equipment, procedures.

required to complete these familiarization

Equipment Required for Instrument

Familiarization Procedure

Description

Calibration Generator

Dual-Input Coupler

Cable (2 required)

Adapter

Termination

Standard-ampl Signal amplitude: 2 mV to 50 V. Output signal: 1 -kHz square wave.

Fast-rise repetition rate: 1 to

Rise time: 1 ns or less. Signal amplitude: 100 Aberrations:

Connectors: bnc-female-to-dual-bnc-male.

Impedance: 50 Connectors: bnc.

Connectors: bnc-female-to-bnc female.

Impedance: 50

Table 1

Minimum Specification

itude accuracy:

100

to 1 V.

+2%.

s2.

Length: 42 in.

Connectors: bnc.

50.25%.

kHz.

2213 Operators

BASELINE TRACE

First obtain a baseline trace, using the following

procedure.

1. Preset the instrument front-panel controls as follows:

Display

AUTO INTENSITY

AUTO FOCUS

Vertical (Both Channels)

AC-GND-DC VOLTS/DlV VOLTS/D IV Variable

VERTICAL MODE

INVERT

POSITION

Horizontal

SEC/DIV SEC/DlV

HORIZONTAL MODE X 10 Magnifier

Variable

POSITION DELAY TIME

Range Selector

MULTIPLIER

Trigger

SLOPE LEVEL MODE EXT COUPLING SOURCE VAR

HOLDOFF

INT

Fully counterclockwise (minimum) Midrange

50m (IX) Calibrated detent (fully clockwise)

CH 1 Off (button out) Midrange

0.5

ms Calibrated detent (fully clockwise) NO DLY

Off (variable knob in)

Midrange

0.2 ms Fully counterclockwise

J(lever

Midrange AUTO AC

INT Fully counterclockwise

VERT MODE

up)

NOTE

Normally, the resulting trace will be parallel with the center horizontal graticule line and should not require adjustment. If trace alignment is required, see the under “Opera tor’s Adjustments.

“Trace Rotation

adjustment procedure

”

DISPLAYING A SIGNAL

obtaining a baseli

After

connectan input signal and

1. Connect the calibration generator standard-amplitude

output to both the CH 1 and CH 2 inputs as shown in

Figure 9.

Set the calibration generator for a standard-amplitude

1-kHz

square-wave signal and adjust its output to obtain

a vertical display of 4 divisions.

3. Adjust the Channel 1 POSITION control to center

the display vertically on the screen.

4. Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control, if necessary,

to obtain a stable triggered display.

The

TRIG’D

that the sweep is triggered.

5. Rotate the AUTO FOCUS control between its maximum The display should become blurred on either side of the optimum control setting.

indicator should illuminate to indicate

clockwise and counterclockwise positions.

trace,you are now ready to

splay it

NOTE

on the crt screen.

2. Press in the POWER switch button (ON) and allow

the instrument to warm up for 20 minutes.

3. Adjust the AUTO INTENSITY control for desired

display brightness.

4. Adjust the Vertical

controls to center the trace on the screen.

and Horizontal POSITION

6. Set the AUTO FOCUS control for a sharp,

defined display over the entire trace length.

7. Move the display off the screen using the Channel 1

POSITION control.

8. Press in and hold the BEAM FIND push button;

the display should reappear on the screen. Adjust the

Channel 1 and Horizontal POSITION controls to center

the trace both vertically and horizontally. Release the

well-

2213 Operators

BEAM FIND

button; the display should remain within

Set the Channel 1 AC-GND-DC switch to AC.

the viewing area.

6. Observe that the display is centered approximately

at the center horizontal line.9. Adjust the AUTO INTENSITY control counterclock-

wise until the display disappears.

Set the CH 1

10. Press in and hold the BEAM FIND push button;

observe that a 2-division vertical display appears. the display should reappear. Release the BEAM FIND button and adjust the AUTO INTENSITY control to desired display brightness. 8. Rotate the CH

fully counterclockwise.

Using the Vertical Section

Set the Channel 1 AC-GND-DC switch to GND.

2. Adjust the trace to the center horizontal graticule

line.

3. Set the Channel 1 AC-GND-DC switch to DC.

4. Observe that the bottom of the display remains at

the center horizontal graticule line (ground reference).

9. Observe that minimum vertical deflection occurs

when the

VOLTS/DlV

clockwise.

IO. Rotate the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV

clockwise

11.

to the CAL detent.

Select

CH 2 VERTICAL MODE and again perform preceding steps 1 through 10 using Channel Performance should be similar to Channel 1.

VOLTS/DlV

switch to 0.1 (IX) and

VOLTS/DIV

Variable control

Variable contol is fully counter-

Variable control

controls.

fully

CALIBRATION

GENERATOR

DUAL-INP

COUPLE

CABLE

Figure 9. Initial setup for instrument familiarization procedure.

AMPL

OUTPUT

3397-10

12.

Set both Channel 1 and Channel 2 switches to DC. Ensure that both CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS/ DIV switches are set to 0.1

(1 X)

for 2-division displays.

AC-GND-DC

2213

Operators

24.

Select CH 1 AC-GND-DC switch to DC. Recenter the display on the screen.

VERTICAL MODE

and set Channel 1

13. Select BOTH and ADD VERTICAL MODE and

observe that the resulting display is 4 divisions in amplitude.

Both Channel 1 and Channel 2 POSITION controls should

move the display. Recenter the display on the screen.

14. Press in the Channel 2 INVERT push button to invert

the Channel 2 signal.

straight line,

Observe that

15. he algebraic su

that t

16. Set the CH 2

17. Observe the 2-division display, indicating

algebraic sum of the two signals is no longer zero.

18. Press in the Channel 2 INVERT push button again to release it. Observe a noninverting display having a 6-division signal amplitude.

19. Set both Channel 1 and Channel 2 AC-GND-DC switches to GND.

20. Set the CH 1

the displ m of the

VOLTS/DIV

VOLTS/DlV

is a

nals is zero.

‘0

sig

switch to 50 m (1X).

indicating

that the

Using the Horizontal Section

1. Return the

the display for future comparison in step 3.

3. Observe that the display is similar to that obtained

in step 1.

5. Push in the

a Xl sweep.

6. Return the

7. Rotate the VAR

clockwise position.

SEC/DIV

switch to 0.5 ms and note

Variable control knob to obtain

switch to 0.5 ms.

HOLDOFF

control to its maximum

8. Observe that the

holdoff

21. Select ALT VERTICAL MODE. Position the Channel 1 trace two divisions above the center graticule line and position the Channel 2 trace two divisions below the center

graticule line.

22. Rotate the

(except X-Y). The display will alternate between channels

at all sweep speeds. This mode is most useful for sweep speeds from 0.05

23. Select CHOP VERTICAL MODE and rotate the 11. Observe that the sweep rate is approximately 2.5

SEC/DIV trace display will be presented at all sweep speeds, but unlike the ALT mode, both Channel 1 and Channel 2 signals are displayed for each sweep speed on a time-shared basis. This mode is most useful for sweep speeds from

0.5 ms to 0.5 s per division.

switch throughout is range (except X-Y). A dual- times slower than in step 9, as indicated by more cycles

SEC/DIV

pus

switch throughout its range

to 0.2 ms per division.

displayed on the screen.

detent (fully clockwise).

between sweeps

10. Rotate the

CAL detent to its maximum counterclockwise position.

12. Return the

crt trace starts to flicker as the

is increased.

SEC/DIV

Variable control out of the

Variable control to the CAL

2213 Operators

Using the Delay Time Controls

Select

start of the intensified zone moves along the display.

3. Select DLY’D HORIZONTAL MODE and observe that the intensified zone, previously viewed with selected, is now displayed on the crt screen.

Observe that the display moves continuously across

the screen as the MULTIPLIER control is rotated.

5. Set the

magnification of the display is approximately 100 times greater.

the

SEC/DIV

INTENS

Rotate the MULTIPLIER control; observe that the

Select NO DLY HORIZONTAL MODE and return

switch to 0.5 ms.

HORIZONTAL MODE.

SEC/DIV

switch to 5 ps and observe that the

INTENS

Using the Trigger Section

1. Rotate the TRIGGER LEVEL control between its maximum clockwise and counterclockwise positions. The display will remain triggered throughout the rotation of the control.

2. Return the TRIGGER LEVEL control to the

midrange position.

3. Set the TRIGGER SLOPE switch to

Observe that the display starts on the negative-going slope

of the applied signal.

(minus).

7. Set the TRIGGER MODE switch to NORM.

8. Rotate the TRIGGER LEVEL control between its maximum Observe that the TRIG’D indicator illuminates only when the display is correctly triggered.

9. the TRIGGER SOURCE switch to EXT.

10. Remove the calibration signal from the CH 2 input

connector and connect it to the EXT INPUT connector.

11. adjust the output of the calibration generator to provide a 4-division display. Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control for a stable display and note the range over which a stable display can be obtained

12. Set the TRIGGER SOURCE switch to

13. Observe that adjustment of the TRIGGER LEVEL control provides a triggered display over a narrower range than in preceding step 11, indicating trigger-signal

attenuation.

14.

connector and reconnect it to the CH 2 input connector. Set the TRIGGER SOURCE switch to INT and adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control

clockwise and counterclockwise positions.

Set

the TRIGGER MODE switch to AUTO and set

Set

the CH 1

VOLTS/DIV

(for comparison in step 13).

switch to 0.5

EXT+lO.

(IX)

and

Remove the calibration signal from the EXT INPUT

for a stable display.

Using the X-Y Mode

Set both the CH 1 and CH 2

to 1 (IX) and adjust the generator output to provide a

5-division

display.

VOLTS/DIV

switches

Return the TRIGGER SLOPE switch to f (plus). Observe that the display starts on the positive-going slope of the applied signal.

5. Set the INT switch to CH 1, select CH 2 VERTICAL

MODE, and set the Channel Observe that the display free-runs. Return the Channel AC-GND-DC switch to AC.

6. Set the MODE, and set the Channel 2 AC-GND-DC switch to GND. Observe that the display free-runs. Return the Channel 2 AC-GND-DC switch to AC and set the INT switch to VERT MODE.

INT

switch to CH 2, select CH 1 VERTICAL

AC-GND-DC switch to GND.

2. Select X-Y mode by switching the

to its fully counterclockwise position.

3. Adjust the AUTO INTENSITY control for desired display brightness. diagonally. This display can then be positioned horizontally with the Horizontal POSITION control and vertically with

the Channel 2 POSITION control. Note that the dots are

separated by 5 horizontal divisions and 5 vertical divisions.

4. Set both the CH 1 and CH 2 to 2 (1X). Note that the dots are now separated by 2.5 horizontal divisions and 2.5 vertical divisions.

5. Return the

AUTO INTENSITY control for desired display brightness.

Observe that two dots are displayed

SEC/DIV

switch to 0.5 ms and adjust the

SEC/DIV

VOLTS/DlV

REV OCT 1981

switch

switches

2213

Operators

Using the Z-Axis Input

1. Disconnect the dual-input coupler from the CH 2 input connector and connect a bnc-female-to-bnc-female adapter to the disconnected end of the coupler.

2. Connect a 42-inch,

INPUT connector (located on the rear panel) to the

input coupler via the bnc-female-to-bnc-female adapter.

3. Set the Channel adjust the output of the calibration generator to provide a

5-division

4. Observe that the positive peaks of the waveform are

blanked, indicating intensity modulation (adjust AUTO

INTENSITY control as necessary).

5. Disconnect the

connector and disconnect the dual-input coupler from the

CH 1 input connector.

display.

50-a

bnc cable from the

VOLTS/DIV

50-a

cable from the

Z-AXIS

dual-

switch to 1 (IX) and

Z-AXIS INPUT

TV SIGNAL DISPLAYS

Displaying a TV Line-rate Signal

1. Perform the steps and set the controls as outlined under Baseline Trace and Signal Display to obtain a basic display of the desired TV signal.

2. Set A

CH 2 as appropriate for applied signal.

SEC/DIV

to 10

I_LS,

and A & B INT to CH 1 or

Adjust the A TRIGGER LEVER control for a stable display, and AUTO INTENSITY for desired display brightness. If necessary, adjust VERTICAL

VOLTS/DIV

control to

obtain 5 divisions or greater amplitude for a stable display.

Displaying a TV Field-rate Signal

1. Perform Step 1 under Displaying a TV Line-rate

Signal.

2. Set A

FIELD and A

SEC/DIV

to 2 ms, A TRIGGER MODE to TV

B INT to CH 1 or CH 2 as appropriate for

the applied signal.

3. Perform Step 3 and 4 under Displaying a TV Line-rate

Signal.

4. To display either Field 1 or Field 2 individually at faster sweep rates (displays of less than one full field), set VERTICAL MODE to BOTH and ALT simultaneously. This synchronizes the Channel 1 display to one field and the Channel 2 display to the other field.

To change the field that is displayed, interrupt the triggering by repeatedly setting the AC GND DC switch to GND or disconnecting the signal from the applied signal input until the other field is displayed. To display both fields simultaneously, apply the input signal to both the CH 1 and CH 2 inputs via two probes, two cables, or through a dual-input coupler.

3. Set A TRIGGER SLOPE for a positive-going signal (lever up) if the applied TV signal sync pulses are positivegoing, or for a negative-going signal (lever down) if the

sync pulses are negative-going.

OPERATOR’S ADJUSTMENTS

INTRODUCTION

Two adjustments should be performed before making measurements with your oscilloscope: Trace Rotation and Probe Compensation. Before proceeding with the following adjustment instructions, is installed (refer to the “Preparation for Use” information). Verify that the POWER switch is OFF (button out), then plug the power cord into the ac-power-input source. Push in

the POWER switch (ON) and allow a 20-minute warm-up time before starting these adjustments.

TRACE ROTATION

set instrument

1. Pre

trace (ref

baseline trace to the center horizontal graticule line.

‘er to “lnstrumen

2. Use the Channel 1 POSITION control to move the

verify that the correct line fuse

controlsandobta t Familiarization”).

in a baseline

To examine either a TV Field-rate or Line-rate signal in more detail, either the X10 Magnifier or HORIZONTAL

MODE

functions may be employed as described for other signals elsewhere in this manual.

NOTE

Normally, the resulting trace will be parallel to the cen

ter horizon

tal

graticule line, and the Trace

Rotation adjustment should not be required.

the resulting trace is not parallel to the center

horizontal graticule line, use a small flat-bit screwdriver to adjust the TRACE ROTATION control and align the trace with the center horizontal graticule line.

PROBE COMPENSATION

Misadjustment of probe compensation is one of the

sources of measurement error. Most attenuator probes are equipped with compensation adjustment. To ensure optimum measurement accuracy, always compensate the

oscilloscope probe before making measurements. Probe

compensation is accomplished as follows:

REV OCT 1981

2213 Operators

1. Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline

trace (refer to “Instrument Familiarization”).

Connect the two 10X probes (supplied with the

instrument) to the CH 1 and CH 2 input connectors.

CORRECT

FLAT

3. Set both

VOLTS/DIV

switches to 0.1 (10X PROBE)

and set both AC-GND-DC switches to DC.

4. Select CH 1 VERTICAL MODE and insert the tip of the Channel 1 probe in the PROBE ADJUST output jack.

5. Using the approximately

1-kHz

PROBE ADJUST square-wave signal as the input, obtain a display of the signal (refer to

“Instrument Familiarization”).

6. Set the SEC/DIV switch to display several cycles of

the PROBE ADJUST signal. Use the Channel

POSITION

control to vertically center the display.

7. Check the waveform presentation for overshoot and

rolloff

(see Figure 10). If necessary, adjust the probe

compensation for flat tops on the waveforms. Refer to the

instructions supplied with the probe for details of com-

pensation adjustment.

BASIC APPLICATIONS

After becoming familiar with all the capabilities of the 2213 Oscilloscope, the operator can then adopt a convenient method for making a particular measurement. The following information describes the recommended procedures and techniques for making basic measurements with your instrument.

presetting instrument controls and obtaining a baseline trace, refer to the and perform steps 1 through 4 under “Baseline Trace.”

NONDELAYED MEASUREMENTS

When a procedure first calls for

“Instrument Familiarization” section

OVER COM-

PENSATED

(OVERSHOOT)

UNDER COM-

PENSATED

(ROLLOFF)

465/DM-O-5

Figure 10. Probe compensation.

Select CH 2 VERTICAL MODE and connect the

Channel 2 probe tip to the PROBE ADJUST output jack.

9. Use the Channel 2 POSITION control to vertically center the display and repeat step 7 for the Channel 2 probe.

Apply the ac signal to either vertical-channel input

connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display

the channel used.

3. Set the appropriate

VOLTS/DIV

switch to display about five divisions of the waveform, ensuring that the VOLTS/DIV

Variable control is in the CAL detent.

4. Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain a

stable dispaly.

AC Peak-to-Peak Voltage

To perform a peak-to-peak voltage measurement, use the

following procedure:

NOTE

This procedure may also be used to make voltage

measurements between any two points on the

waveform.

1. Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline

trace.

5. Set the SEC/DIV switch to a position that displays

several cycles of the waveform.

6. Vertically position the display so that the negative peak of the waveform coincides with one of the horizontal graticule lines (see Figure 11, Point A).

7. Horizontally position the display so that one of the

positive peaks coincides with

the center vertical graticule

line (see Figure 11, Point B).

8. Measure the vertical deflection

(see

Figure 11, Point A to Point B).

from peak to peak

REV OCT 1981

2213 Operators

POSITION TO CENTERLINE

MEASURE AMPLITUDE

FROM@TO@

Figure 11. Peak-to-peak waveform voltage.

(1738-l 612038-l 5

2. Apply the signal to either vertical-channel input connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used.

3. Verify that the the CAL detent and set the AC-GND-DC switch to GND.

4. Vertically position the baseline trace to the center

horizontal graticule line.

5. Set the AC-GND-DC switch to DC. If the waveform moves above the centerline of the crt, the voltage is positive. If the waveform moves below the centerline of the crt,

the voltage is negative.

VOLTS/DlV

Variable control is in

NOTE

If using Channel 2, ensure that the Channel

INVERT switch is in its noninverting mode (push

NOTE

button out).

If the amplitude measurement is critical or if the trace is thick (as a result of hum or noise on the

signal), a more accurate value can be obtained by measuring from the top of a peak to the top of a valley. This will eliminate trace thickness from the measurement.

Calculate the

lowing formula:

vertical

Volts (p-p) = deflection x

(divisions)

peak-to-peak voltage, using the

VOLTS/DIV

switch

setting

probe

x attenuation

factor

fol-

Set the AC-GND-DC switch to GND and position the baseline trace to a convenient reference line, using the Vertical POSITION control. For example, if the voltage to be measured is positive, position the baseline trace to the bottom graticu le I ine. measured, position the baseline trace to the top graticule line. Do not move the Vertical POSITION control after this reference line has been established. The ground reference line can be checked at any later time by switching the AC-GND-DC switch to GND.

7. Set the AC-GND-DC switch to DC.

If a negative voltage is to be

__ __

EXAMPLE:

tion is 4.6 divisions (see Figure 11) with a switch setting of 0.5, using a 10X probe.

Substituting the given values:

Volts (p-p)

The measured peak-to-peak vertical deflec-

VOLTS/DIV

4.6 div x 0.5

V/div

x 10 = 23 V.

Instantaneous DC Voltage

To measure the dc level at a given point on a waveform,

use the following procedure:

1. Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline

trace.

8. If the voltage-level measurement is to be made with respect to a voltage level other than ground, apply the reference voltage to the unused vertical-channel input connector. Then position its trace to the reference line.

9. Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain a stable display.

10. Set the

several cycles of the signal.

11.

Measure the divisions of vertical deflection between the reference line and the desired point on the waveform at which the dc level is to be determined (see Figure 12).

SEC/DIV

switch to a position that displays

2213 Operators

LINE

VERTICAL

DEFLECTION

POSITIVE

REFERENCE

_INE

, -

MEASURE POSITIVE

AMPLITUDE

@TO@

The following general precautions should be observed

whenusing the ADD mode.

Do not exceed the input voltage rating of the oscillo-

scope.

Do not apply signals that exceed the equivalent of

about eight times the

VOLTS/DIV

switch settings, since large voltages may distort the display. For example, with a

VOLTS/DIV

switch setting of .5, the voltage applied to that channel should not exceed approximately 4 volts.

Use Channel 1 and Channel 2 POSITION control

settings which most nearly position the signal on each channel to midscreen, when viewed in either CH 1 or CH 2 VERTICAL MODE. This ensures the greatest dynamic range for ADD mode operation.

Figure 12. Instantaneous voltage measurement.

12. Calculate the instantaneous voltage, using the fol-

lowing formula:

Instantaneous

Voltage

VOLTS/DlV

switch setting

EXAMPLE:

vertical

= deflection x

(divisions)

probe

x attenuation

factor

The measured vertical deflection from the reference line is 4.6 divisions (see Figure form is above the reference line, the

polarity (+ or -)

VOLTS/DIV

12),

the wave-

switch

is set to 2, and a 10X attenuator probe is being used.

Substituting the given values:

Instantaneous Voltage

4.6 div x

(+1)

x 2

V/div

x 10 = 92 V.

Algebraic Addition

With the VERTICAL MODE switch set to BOTH and ADD, the waveform displayed is the algebraic sum of the signals applied to the Channel

(CH

1 +

CH 2). If the Channel 2 INVERT push button is

pressed in,

the waveform displayed is the difference between the signals applied to the Channel 1 and Channel 2 inputs (CH 1

CH 2). The total deflection factor in the ADD mode is equal to the deflection factor indicated by either

VOLTS/DIV

switch (when both switches are set to the same deflection factor). A common use for the ADD mode is to provide a dc offset for a signal riding on top of a high dc level.

and Channel 2 inputs

VOLTS/DIV

d.To attain similar response from each channel, set

both the Channel 1 and Channel 2 AC-GND-DC switches to the same position.

EXAMPLE: Using the graticule center line as 0 V, the Channel 1 signal is at a 3-division, positive dc level

(see Figure

1. Multiply 3 divisions by the

13A).

VOLTS/DIV

switch

setting to determine the dc-level value.

2. To the Channel 2 input connector, apply a negative dc level (or positive level, using the Channel 2 INVERT switch) whose value was determined in step 1 (see Figure 13B).

3. Select ADD and BOTH VERTICAL MODE to place the resultant display within the operating range of the vertical POSITION controls (see Figure 13C).

Common-Mode Rejection

The ADD mode can also be used to display signals that contain undesirable frequency components. The undesirable components can be eliminated through common-mode rejection. The precautions given under the preceding “Algebraic Addition” procedure should be observed.

EXAMPLE: The signal applied to the Channel 1 input

connector contains unwanted ac-input-power-source

frequency components (see Figure 14A). To remove

the undesired components, use the following procedure:

1. Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline

trace.

2213

Operators

t i

100

POSITIVE LEVEL

I I I

t 1

(A) CHANNEL 1 SIGNAL

WITH 3 DIVISIONS OF POSITIVE DC LEVEL.

Figure 13. Algebraic addition.

2. Apply the signal containing the unwanted line-

frequency components to the Channel 1 input.

3. Apply a line-frequency signal to the Channel 2 input.

4. Select BOTH and ALT VERTICAL MODE and press

in the Channel 2 INVERT push button.

NEGATIVEOFFSETI

(B)

CHANNEL 2 DISPLAY

WITH 3 DIVISIONS OF

NEGATIVE OFFSET.

4. period of the waveform. Ensure that the control is in the CAL detent.

5. Position the display to place the time-measurement points on the center horizontal graticule line (see Figure 15).

Set

the

SEC/DIV

(C)

RESULTANT DISPLAY

465/DM-0-l9

switch to display one complete

SEC/DIV

Variable

5. Adjust the Channel 2

VOLTS/DIV

switch and Variable control so that the Channel 2 display is approximately the same amplitude as the undesired portion of the Channel 1 display (see Figure 14A).

6. Select ADD VERTICAL MODE and slightly readjust

the Channel 2

VOLTS/DIV

Variable control for maximum

cancellation of the undesired signal component (see

Figure 14B).

Time Duration

To measure time between two points on a waveform,

use the following procedure:

1. Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline

trace.

2. Apply the signal to either vertical-channel input connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used.

3. Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain a

stable display.

CH 1 SIGNAL WITH UNWANTED LINE FREQUENCY

COMPONENT

CH 2 SIGNAL

FROM LINE

FREQUENCY

SOURCE

(INVERTED)

SIGNAL WITH

LINE FREQUENC

COMPONENT

CANCELED

OUT

(A)

CH 1 AND CH 2 SIGNALS.

(B)

RESULTANT SIGNAL.

Figure 14. Common-mode rejection.

1738-19

2213 Operators

Calculating the reciprocal of time duration:

Figure 15. Time duration.

Measure the horizontal distance between the

measurement points.

7. Calculate time duration, using the following formula:

horizontal

distance x switch

Time

Duration

EXAMPLE:

points

is 8.3 divisions (see Figure

switch is set to 2 ins. The X10 Magnifier switch is

pushed in (1 X magnification).

Substituting the

Time Duration

(divisions)

magnification factor

The distance between the time-measurement

given values:

= 8.3 div x 2 ms/div = 16.6 ms

SEC/DIV

setting

15),

and the

SEC/DIV

1738-20

time-

Frequency

time

duration =

16.6 ms

Rise Time

Rise-time measurements use the same methods as time duration, except that the measurements are made between the 10% and 90% points on the leading edge of the waveform (see Figure 16). Fall time is measured between the 90% and 10% points on the trailing edge of the waveform.

1. Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline

trace.

2. Apply an exact 5-division signal to either

channel input connector and set the VERTICAL

switch to display the channel

VOLTS/DIV

Variable control

used. Ensure that the

is in the CAL detent.

NOTE

For rise time greater than 0.2

Variable control may be used to

the VOL TS/D/ V

,us,

obtain an exact

S-division display.

Set the

sweep-speed setting that displays several complete cycles

or events (if possible).

Adjust vertical positioning so that the zero reference of the waveform touches the 0% graticule line and the top of the waveform touches the 100% graticule line (see

Figure 16).

TRIGGER SLOPE switch to f (plus).

= 60 Hz

vertical-

MODE

Use

Frequency

The frequency of a recurrent signal can be determined

from its time-duration measurement as follows:

1. Measure the time duration of one waveform cycle using the preceding “Time Duration” measurement cedu

re.

2. Calculate the reciprocal of the time-duration value

to determine the frequency of the waveform.

EXAMPLE:

of 16.6

The signal in Figure 15 has a time duration

ms.

pro-

---I

Figure 16. Rise time.

HORIZONTAL

DISTANCE

#SURE

FROM

-0@

I--

465/DM-0-13

5. Set the display, with the rise time spread horizontally as much as possible.

6. Horizontally position the display so the 10% point on the waveform intersects the second vertical graticule line (see Figure 16, Point A).

7. Measure the horizontal distance between the 10% and 90% points and calculate the time duration using the following formula:

Rise Time =

EXAMPLE:

and 90% points is 5 divisions (see Figure SEC/DIV knob is pushed in (1 X magnification).

Substituting the given values in the formula:

Rise Time

SEC/DIV

switch is set to 1

switch for a single-waveform

horizontal

distance x switch

(divisions)

magnification factor

The horizontal distance between the 10%

5 div x 1

,us/div

SEC/DIV

setting

16),

pus.

The X10 magnifier

5&&

and the

2213 Operators

If the two signals are of opposite polarity, press

in the Channel 2 INVERT push button to invert the Channel 2 display (signals may be of opposite polarity due to

180Hello Hello Hello Hello

phase difference; if so, note this for use later in

the final calculation).

8. Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control for a stable

display.

9. Set the provides three or more divisions of horizontal separation between the reference points on the two displays. Center each of the displays vertically (see Figure 17).

10. Measure the horizontal difference between the two signal reference points and calculate the time difference using the following formula:

Time

Difference

EXAMPLE:

X10 magnifier knob is pulled out, and the difference between waveform measurement points is

4.5 divisions.

SEC/DIV switch to a sweep speed which

SEC/DIV

switch

setting

magnification factor

The

SEC/DlV

horizontal

x difference

(divisions)

switch is set to

ps,

the

horizontal

Time Difference Between Two Time-Related Pulses

The calibrated sweep speed and dual-trace features of

the 2213 allow measurement of the time difference

between two separate events. To measure time difference, use the following procedure:

1. Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline

trace.

2. Set the TRIGGER SOURCE switch to CH 1.

3. Set both AC-GND-DC switches to the same position,

depending on the type of input coupling desired.

4. Using either probes or cables with equal time delays, connect a known reference signal to the Channel 1 input and the comparison signal to the Channel 2 input.

5. Set both displays.

6. Select BOTH VERTICAL MODE; then select either ALT or CHOP, depending on the frequency of input signals.

VOLTS/DIV

switches for 4- or 5-division

Substituting the given values in the formula:

Time

Difference

CHANNEL 1 (REFERENCE)

Figure 17. Time difference between two time-related

50&div

HORIZONTAL

’

DIFFERENCE

x 4.5 div

I-

= 22.5

,CHANNEL

465/DM-0-14

pulses.

2213 Operators

Phase Difference

In a similar manner to “Time Difference,” phase comparison between two signals of the same frequency can be made using the dual-trace feature of the 2213. This method

of phase difference measurement can be used up to the frequency limit of the vertical system. To make a phase comparison, use the following procedure:

Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline

trace, then set the TRIGGER SOU RCE switch to CH 1.

2. Set both AC-GND-DC switches to the same position,

depending on the type of input coupling desired.

3. Using either probes or coaxial cables with equal time

delays, connect a known reference signal to the Channel 1

input and the unknown signal to the Channel 2 input.

4. Select BOTH VERTICAL MODE; then select either ALT or CHOP, depending on the frequency of the input signals. The reference signal should precede the comparison signal in time.

5. If the two signals are of opposite polarity, press in the Channel 2 INVERT push button to invert the Channel 2 display.

Phase

Difference

EXAMPLE:

horizontal

difference (divisions)

The horizontal difference is 0.6 division

with a graticule calibration of

horizontal

graticule

calibration

(deg/div)

45’

per division as shown

in Figure 18.

Substituting the given values into the phase difference

formula:

Phase Difference = 0.6 div x

45’/div

27’

More accurate phase measurements can be made by using the X10 Magnifier function to increase the sweep rate without changing the

EXAMPLE:

SEC/DIV

Variable control setting.

If the sweep rate were increased 10 times

with the magnifier (X10 Magnifier out), the magnified

horizontal graticule calibration would be

divided by 10 (or

4,5O/division).

Figure 19 shows the

45O/division

same signals illustrated in Figure 18, but magnifying the displays results in a horizontal difference of 6 divisions between the two signals.

6. Set both

VOLTS/DIV

switches and both Variable

controls so the displays are equal in amplitude.

7. Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control for a stable

display.

8. Set the

SEC/DIV

switch to a sweep speed which

displays about one full cycle of the waveforms.

9. Position the displays and adjust the

SEC/DIV

Variable control so that one reference-signal cycle occupies exactly 8 horizontal graticule divisions at the 50% rise-time points (see Figure 18). Each division of the graticule now represents 45” of the cycle (360”

8 divisions), and the horizontal graticule calibration can be stated as 45” per division.

10. Measure the horizontal difference between corresponding points on the waveforms at a common horizontal graticule line (50% of rise time) and calculate the phase difference using the following formula:

Substituting the given values in the phase difference

formula:

Phase Difference = 6 div x

CHANNEL 1

(REFERENCE)

II-

8 DIVISIONS

\vvv

Figure 18. Phase difference.

CHANNEL 2

(LAGGING)

I I

4.5’/div

I -1

DIFFERENCE

27’

MEASURE

HORIZONTAL

465/DM-0-15

2213 Operators

CHANNEL 1

(REFERENCE)

Figure 19. High-resolution phase difference.

HORIZONTAL

DIFFERENCE

CHANINEL 2

’

MEASURE

TIME FROM

@TO@

465/DM-O-16

Amplitude Comparison

In some applications it may be necessary to establish a set of deflection factors other than those indicated by the

VOLTS/DIV paring unknown signals to a reference signal of known amplitude. To accomplish this, a reference signal of known amplitude is first set to an exact number of vertical divisions by adjusting the control. Unknown signals can then be quickly and accurately compared with the reference signal without disturbing the setting of the The procedure is as follows.

switch settings. This is useful for com-

VOLTS/DlV

switch and Variable

Variable control.

5. Disconnect the reference signal and apply the unknown signal to be measured to the same channel input. Adjust the sufficient vertical deflection to make an accurate measurement. Do not readjust the

following formula:

Arbitrary

Deflection = conversion x

7. Measure the vertical deflection of the unknown signal

in divisions and calculate its amplitude using the following

formula:

Unknown arbitrary

Amplitude factor

EXAMPLE: The reference signal amplitude is 30 V,

with a

DIV Variable control adjusted to provide a vertical

deflection of exactly 4 divisions,

Substituting these values in the vertical conversion factor

formula:

VOLTS/DIV

Establish an arbitrary deflection factor, using the

Factor

Signal

= deflection x deflection

VOLTS/DIV

switch to a setting that provides

VOLTS/DlV

vertical

factor

switch setting of 5 and the VOLTS/

Variable control.

VOLTS/DIV

switch setting

vertical

(divisions)

1. Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline

trace.

2. Apply the reference signal to either vertical channel input and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used.

3. Set the amplitude of the reference signal to an exact number of vertical divisions by adjusting the switch and

4. Establish a vertical conversion factor, using the following formula (reference signal amplitude must be known):

Conversion =

Vertical

Factor

VOLTS/DIV

reference signal amplitude (volts)

deflection x switch

(divisions)

Variable control.

vertical

VOLTS/DIV

setting

Vertical

Conversion =

Factor

Continuing, for the unknown signal the switch setting is 1, and the peak-to-peak amplitude spans five vertical divisions. The arbitrary deflection factor is then determined by substituting values in the formual:

Arbitrary

Deflection = 1.5 x 1

Factor

The amplitude of the unknown signal can then be

determined by substituting values in the unknown signal

amplitude formula:

Amplitude

= 1.5

30 v

4 div x 5

V/div

x 5 div = 7.5 V

V/div

= 1.5

VOLTS/DIV

V/div

2213 Operators

Time Comparison

In a similar manner to “Amplitude Comparison,” repeated time comparisons between unknown signals and a reference signal (e.g., on assembly line test) may be easily and accurately measured with the 2213. To accomplish this, a reference signal of known time duration is first set to an exact number of horizontal divisions by adjusting the

SEC/DIV

Unknown signals can then be compared with the reference signal without disturbing the setting of the Variable control. The procedure is as follows:

1. Set the time duration of the reference signal to an exact number of horizontal divisions by adjusting the SEC/DIV

2. Establish a horizontal conversion factor, using the

following formula (reference signal time duration must be

known):

Horizontal

Conversion =

switch and the

Factor

SEC/DIV

SEC/DlV

reference signal time

duration (seconds)

horizontal

distance x

(divisions)

Variable control.

SEC/DlV

SEC/DIV

switch setting

SEC/DIV horizontal distance of exactly 8 divisions.

Su bstitu

on factor

Horizontal

Conversion =

Continuing, for the unknown signal the switch setting is 50 horizontal divisions. The arbitrary deflection factor is then determined by substituting values in the formula:

Arbitrary

Deflection

The time duration of the unknown signal can then be computed by substituting values in the formula:

Duration

Variable control is adjusted to provide a

ting the formula:

Factor

Time

given values in the horizontal

2.19 ms

8 div x 0.2 ms/div

JJS,

and one complete cycle spans 7

1.37 x 50 psldiv = 68.5

68.5

psldiv x 7 div =

= 1.37

480~s

conver-

SEC/DIV

&div

3. For the unknown signal, adjust the to a setting that provides sufficient horizontal deflection to make an accurate measurement. Do not readjust the SEC/D IV Variable control.

4. Establish an arbitrary deflection

following formula:

Arbitrary horizontal

Deflection = conversion x

Factor factor setting

5. Measure the horizontal distance of the unknown signal in divisions and calculate its time duration using the following formula:

Time

Duration

6. Frequency of the unknown mined by

calculating the reciprocaaI of its

EXAMPLE: The reference signal time duration is

2.19 ms, the

arbitrary

= deflection x

factor

SEC/DIV

switch setting is 0.2 ms, and the

signal

SEC/DlV

factor, using the

SEC/DIV

switch

horizontal

distance

(divisions)

an then

C t

ime

dur

switch

be de

ation.

ter-

The frequency of the unknown signal is then calculated:

Frequency =

480

pus

= 2.083

kHz

DELAYED-SWEEP MAGNIFICATION

The delayed-sweep feature of the 2213 can be used to

provide higher apparent magnification than is provided by

the X10 Magnifier switch. Apparent magnification occurs

as a result of displaying a selected portion of the trace (INTENS (DLY’D HORIZONTAL MODE).

intensified zone indicates both the location and the start of the sweep that will be displayed in DLY’D HORIZONTAL MODE. Positioning of the intensified zone

(i.e.,setting the amount of time between start of the sweep and start of the intensified zone) is accomplished with the MULTIPLIER control and the DELAY TIME

Range Selector switch. At higher sweep speeds the delay time can be adjusted to allow the starting point of the intensified zone to occur past the end of the display.

HORIZONTAL MODE) at a faster sweep speed

When

INTENS

HORIZONTAL MODE is selected, the

2213 Operators

With either selected, the MULTIPLIER control provide continuously variable positioning of the start of the delayed sweep. The DELAY

TIME Range Selector switch allows the start of the intensified zone to be placed near the point of interest, while the MULTIPLIER control provides fine adjustment of the

intensified zone.

When viewing aperiodic signals (such as complex digital

waveforms) with DLY’D HORIZONTAL MODE selected,

the start of the sweep may not be at the same point as the

start of the intensified zone. It may be necessary to connect a reference signal (of the system under test) to the EXT

INPUT connector to ensure correct display of the selected

portion of the waveform.

Using delayed-sweep magnification may produce a display with some slight horizontal movement (pulse jitter). Pulse jitter includes not only the inherent uncertainty of triggering the delayed sweep at exactly the same trigger point each time, but also jitter that may be present in the input signal. If pulse jitter needs to be measured, use the “Pulse Jitter Time Measurement” procedure which follows the discussion of “Magnified Sweep.”

INTENS

DLY’D HORIZONTAL MODE

DELAY TIME

Range Selector switch and the

Select the DLY’D HORIZONTAL MODE and

increase the sweep speed to magnify the intensified portion

of the sweep (see Figure 20B).

7. The apparent sweep magnification can be calculated

from the following formula:

Apparent

Delayed Sweep =

Magnification

EXAMPLE: Determine the apparent magnification of a display with an initial and the second

Substituting the given values:

Apparent

Magnification

second

SEC/DIV

1 x

1 x 1

initial

SEC/DIV

switch setting of 0.1 ms

switch setting of 1

1o-4 s

o-+

setting

lo2

ps.

= 100

Magnified Sweep

The following procedure explains how to operate the delayed-sweep feature and to determine the resulting apparent magnification factor.

1. Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace.

2. Apply the signal to either vertical channel input connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used.

3. Set the appropriate a display of approximately 5 divisions in amplitude and center the display.

4. Set the displays at least one complete waveform cycle.

Select

DELAY TIME Range Selector switch for the appropriate

delayed time. Adjust the MULTIPLIER control to position the start of the intensified zone to the portion of the display to be magnified (see Figure 20A).

SEC/DIV

INTENS

VOLTS/DIV

switch to a sweep speed which

HORIZONTAL MODE and set the

switch to produce

POINT OF INTEREST INTENSIFIED

TO BE MAGNIFIED

(A) INTENSIFIED TRACE

(B) MAGNIFIED TRACE

Figure 20. Delayed-sweep magnification.

ZONE

3397-2 1

2213 Operators

Pulse Jitter Time Measurement

To measure pulse jitter time:

1. Perform steps

nif

ied

Sweep” procedure.

2. Referring to Figure 21, measure the difference between Point A and Point B in divisions and calculate the pulse jitter time using the following formula:

Pulse Jitter = Time

through 6 of the preceding

horizontal difference x

(divisions)

switch setting

“Mag-

second

SEC/DIV

MEASURE

TIME FROM

@TO@

Figure 21. Pulse jitter.

JITTER

1738-34

SPECIFICATION

The following electrical characteristics (Table 2) are valid for the 2213 when it has been adjusted at an ambient temperature between period of at least 20 minutes, and is operating at an ambient temperature between 0°C and otherwise noted).

Item listed in the “Performance Requirements” column are verifiable qualitative or quantitative limits, while items listed in the either explanatory notes,

+20°C

and

+30°C,

has had a warm-up

+50°C

(unless

“Supplemental Information” column are

calibration setup descriptions,

performance characteristics for which no absolute limits are specified, or characteristics that are impractical to check.

Environmental characteristics are given in Table 3.

The 2213 meets the requirements of

Class 5 equipment, except where otherwise noted.

Physical characteristics of the instrument are listed

in Table 4.

L-T-288008,

Table 2

Electrical Characteristics

2213 Operators

Characteristics

Deflection Factor

Range

Accu racy

+2o”c

0°C to

+5o”c

Range of

Control.

Step Response

VOLTS/Dl V

+3o”c

Variable

2 a l-2-5 sequence.

+3%.

+4%.a

Continuously variable between settings.

2.5 to 1.

Performance Requirements Supplemental Information

VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM

per division to 10 V per division in

Increases deflection factor by at least

1X gain adjusted with

switch set to 20 mV per division.

10X

gain adjusted with

switch set to 2 mV per division.

Measured with a vertically centered

5-divisio n

source driving a that is terminated in 50 connector, with the

Variable control in its CAL detent.

reference signal from a

50- a

coaxial cable

VOLTS/DlV

VOLTS/DIV

at the input

50-a

Rise Time

Bandwidth

o”c

+4o”c

20 mV to 10 V per Division

to 10 mV per Division

+4o”c

+5o”c

2 mV to 10 V per Division

Chop Mode Repetition Rate

to at least 60 MHz.

to at least 50 MHz.

to at least 50 MHz.~

5.8 ns or less.

Rise time is calculated from the formula:

Rise Time =

Measured with a vertically centered 6-division reference signal from a source driving a that is terminated in 50

input connector and at the probe input, with the Variable control in its CAL detent.

kHz +30%.

250

0.35

BW (in MHz)

50- a

coaxial cable

VOLTS/DIV

s2,

both at the

P6120

50-a

aPerformance Requirement not checked in Service Manual.

2213 Operators

Characteristics

Input Characteristics

Resistance

Capacitance

Maximum Safe Input Voltage

DC Coupled

AC Coupled

Common-Mode Rejection Ratio

(CMRR)

Table 2

VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM

30 pF

400 V (dc + peak ac) or

800 V p-p ac to 1

400 V (dc + peak ac) or

800 V p-p ac to 1

At least 10 to 1 at 10 MHz.

Performance Requirements

Ma +2% a

It3 PF.~

kHz

(cant)

(cont)

less.a

TRIGGER SYSTEM

Supplemental Information

Checked at 20

common-mode signals of

less, with adjusted for best CMRR at 50

VOLTS/DIV

per division for

divisions or

Variable control

kHz.

Trigger Sensitivity

AUTO and NORM

0.4

to 2 MHz, increasing to 1.5 divisions internal or 250 mV external at 60 MHz.

AUTO Lowest Usable Frequency

TV FIELD

External Input

Maximum Input Voltage

Input Resistance 1

Input Capacitance

AC Coupled

LEVEL Control Range (with NORM TRIGGER MODE)

INT On screen

2.0 divisions of composite video or composite

400

800 V p-p ac at 1

10 Hz or less at lower -3 dB

division internal or 50

Hz.~

sync.a

V (dc + peak ac) or

kHz

MQ_+2%a

pF +3 PF.~

limits.a

external

less.a

point.a

External trigger signal from a source driving a that is terminated in 50 a at the input connector.

Will trigger on tv line sync components in NORM only: or 50 mV p-p external.

50-Q

coaxial cable

0.4 division internal

50-Q

EXT and DC

aPerformance Requirement not checked in Service Manual.

At least

+2 V (4 V

p-~).~

2213 Operators

Characteristics

LEVEL Control Range (with NORM TRIGGER MODE)

EXT and DC+ 10

VAR

HOLDOFF

Sweep Rate

Calibrated Range

A Sweep

Accuracy

+2o”c

0” c to

Control Range

+3o”c

+5o”c

(cont)

Table 2

Performance Requirements

TRIGGER SYSTEM

At least

Increases sweep

a factor of

HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM

0.5 s per division to 0.05 in a l-2-5 sequence. Xl 0 Magnifier

extends maximum sweep speed to 5 ns per division.

520

V (40 V p-~).~

four.a

Unmagnified

+3%

(cont)

holdoff

(cont)

time by at least

pus

per division

Magnified

+5%

+6%a

Supplemental Information

Sweep accuracy applies over the center 8 divisions. Exclude the first 50 ns of the sweep for both magnified and unmagnified sweep speeds and exclude anything beyond the 100th magnified division.

POSITION Control Range

Variable Control Range

Delay Time

Range Selector

MULTIPLIER Control

Jitter

Deflection Factors

Range

Start of sweep to 100th division will position past the center vertical graticule

line with

Continuously variable between calibrated settings. Extends the sweep speeds by at

least a factor of 2.5.

Minimum delay is less than selected values

of 0.5

Increases delay time by at least a factor

of 20.

One part, or less, in 5,000 (0.02%) of the

maximum available delay time.

X-Y OPERATION (Xl MAGNIFICATION)

Same as Vertical Deflection System, with both CAL detent.

X10

Magnifier.

ps, 10 ps, and 0.2 ms.

VOLTS/DIV

Variable controls in

aPerformance Requirement not checked in Service Manual.

2213 Operators

Characteristics

Deflection Factors

Accuracy

+2o”c

0°C to

Bandwidth

X-Axis

Y-Axis

Phase Difference Between X-

and Y-Axis

Signal at PROBE ADJUST Jack

Voltage

Amplifiers

+5o”c

(cont)

+3o”c

Table 2

X-Y OPERATION (Xl MAGNIFICATION)

Same as Vertical Deflection System.

+3’ from dc to 50

0.5 v

Performance Requirements

X-Axis Y-Axis

+5%

-+6%a

to at least 2 MHz.

PROBE ADJUST

220%

(cont)

+3%

k4%a

kHz.a

Supplemental Information

(cont)

Measured with a dc-coupled, 5-division

reference signal.

Measured with a 5-division reference signal.

With dc-coupled inputs.

kHz

?20%.a

Repetition Rate

Sensitivity

Usable Frequency Range

Maximum Safe Input Voltage

Input Impedance

Line Voltage Range

Line Frequency Range

Maximum Power Consumption 50

Line Fuse

aPerformance Requirement not checked in Service Manual.

5 V causes noticeable modulation.

Positive-going input signal decreases intensity.

to 5 MHz.~

30 V (dc + peak ac) or 30 V p-p ac at 1

ka +lO% a

90 V to 250

48 Hz to 62

W.a

2 A, 250 V, fast.

Z-AXIS INPUT

kHz

less.a

POWER SOURCE

V.a

Hz.~

Table 2 (cont)

2213

Operator!

Characteristics

Display Area

Standard Phosphor

Nominal Accelerating Voltage

aPerformance Requirement not checked in Service Manual.

80 by 100

P3Ka

10,000 V.a

Environmental Characteristics

Characteristics

Performance Requirements

Supplemental Information

CATHODE-RAY TUBE

mm.a

Table 3

Description

NOTE

The instrument meets all of the following MIL-T-288006 require-

ments for Class 5 equipment.

Temperature

Operating

Nonoperating

Altitude

Operating

Nonoperating

Humidity (Operating and Nonoperating)

Vibration (Operating)

Shock (Operating and Nonoperating)

+5O”C

(+32”F

0°C to

-55°C to

To 4,500 m (15,000 ft). Maximum operating temperature decreased 1°C per

300

To 15,000 m (50,000 ft).

5 cycles (120 hours) referenced to MI

15 minutes along each of 3 major axes at a total displacement of 0.015 inch p-p

(2.4 g

l-minute sweeps. Hold for 10 minutes at 55 Hz. All major resonances must be

above 55 Hz.

30 g, half-sine, 1 I-ms duration; 3 shocks per axis each direction, for a total of

18 shocks.

+75”C (-67’F

m (1,000 ft) above

Hz), with frequency varied from 10 Hz to 55 Hz to 10 Hz in

+122’F).

+167’F).

1,500 m (5,000

L-T-28800B,

ft).

Class 5 instruments.

223 3 Operators

Table 4

Physical Characteristics

Characteristics

Weight

With Front-Panel Cover, Accessories, and Pouch

Without Front-Panel Cover, Accessories, and Pouch

Domestic Shipping

Height With Feet and Handle

Width

With Handle Without Handle

Depth

With Front-Panel Cover

Without Front-Panel Cover With Handle Extended

Description

7.6 kg (16.8 lb).

6.1 kg (13.5 lb).

137 mm (5.4 in).

361 mm (14.2 in).

328 mm (12.9 in).

445 mm (17.5 in).

439 mm (17.3 in).

511 mm (20.1 in).

ACCESSORIES

STANDARD ACCESSORIES

INCLUDED

2 Probes, 10X 1.5-m length

with accessories.

2 Probe accessories, Grabber Tips

1 Operators Manual 1 Service Manual

..................

........

.................

...................

010-6120-01 013-0191-00 070-3397-00 070-3827-00

OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

Protective Front-Panel Cover. Cord Wrap and Storage Pouch Protective Front-Panel Cover, Cord Wrap,

and Storage Pouch.

Low-Cost, General-Purpose Camera.

SCOPE-MOB1 than 18 inches of aisle space, with storage area in base

Rack-Mount Adapter Kit

..................

LE Cart-Occupies less

..................

. . . . . . . . . . .

........

..............

200-2520-00

016-0677-00

020-0672-00

Order C-5C

Option 04

.Order 200C

016-0466-00

Tektronix 2213 schematic

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual