Tektronix 2182A Quick Start Guide
Model 2182A
Nanovoltmeter
Quick Start Guide
Safety precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and
any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would
normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous
conditions may be present.
This product is intended for use by personnel who recognize shock hazards and are
familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow
all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the
product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.
If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the
product warranty may be impaired.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical
safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from
electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it
operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable
materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The
procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should
be performed only by service personnel.
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and
repair products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and
service procedures.
Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are measurement,
control, and data I/O connections, with low transient overvoltages, and must not be
directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient
overvoltages. Measurement Category II (as referenced in IEC 60664) connections
require protection for high transient overvoltages often associated with local AC mains
connections. Certain Keithley measuring instruments may be connected to mains.
These instruments will be marked as category II or higher.
Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications, operating manual, and instrument
labels, do not connect any instrument to mains.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be
present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than
30 V RMS, 42.4 V peak, or 60 VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect
that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.
Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The
responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated
from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to
potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to
protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating
at or above 1000 V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended
to be used with impedance-limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly
to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices
to limit fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a
properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and
jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as
rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided in
close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments
while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the
entire test system and discharge any capacitors before connecting or disconnecting
cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes,
such as installing or removing jumpers.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the
circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry
hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage
being measured.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for
continued protection against fire hazard.
For safety, instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the
operating instructions. If the instruments or accessories are used in a manner not
specified in the operating instructions, the protection provided by the equipment may
be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories.
Maximum signal levels are defined in the specifications and operating information and
shown on the instrument panels, test fixture panels, and switching cards.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits,
NOT as protective earth (safety ground) connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device
under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to protective earth (safety ground) using the wire
recommended in the user documentation.
The symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of hazard. The user must refer
to the operating instructions located in the user documentation in all cases where the
symbol is marked on the instrument.
The symbol on an instrument means warning, risk of electric shock. Use standard
safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal
contact to prevent burns.
The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.
If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display
lamp. Please note that the lamp must be properly disposed of according to federal,
state, and local laws.
The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains hazards that might result
in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully
before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could
damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.
The CAUTION heading with the symbol in the user documentation explains
hazards that could result in moderate or minor injury or damage the instrument.
Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated
procedure. Damage to the instrument may invalidate the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains
circuits — including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks — must be
purchased from Keithley. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals
may be used if the rating and type are the same. The detachable mains power cord
provided with the instrument may only be replaced with a similarly rated power cord.
Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other suppliers
as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts
should be purchased only through Keithley to maintain accuracy and functionality of
the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component,
call a Keithley office for information.
Unless otherwise noted in product-specific literature, Keithley instruments are
designed to operate indoors only, in the following environment: Altitude at or below
2,000 m (6,562 ft); temperature 0 °C to 50 °C (32 °F to 122 °F); and pollution degree
1 or 2.
To clean an instrument, use a cloth dampened with deionized water or mild,
water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner
directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products
that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board
for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to
instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board
should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.
Safety precautions as of June 2018.
Safety
Power and environmental ratings
For indoor use only.
Power supply
Power consumption
Operating
environment
Storage temperature
Pollution degree
100 V ac /120 V ac / 220 V ac / 240 V ac
50 Hz, 60 Hz, and 400 Hz, automatically
sensed at power-up
22 VA
Specied for 0 °C to 50 °C; specied to 80%
relative humidity at 35 °C
−40 °C to 70 °C
1 or 2
Introduction
The two-channel Model 2182A Nanovoltmeter is optimized
for making stable, low noise voltage measurements and for
characterizing low resistance materials and devices reliably
and repeatably. It provides higher measurement speed and
signicantly better noise performance than alternative low
voltage measurement solutions.
The 2182A oers a simplied delta mode for making
resistance measurements when used in combination with a
reversing current source, such as the Model 6220 or 6221.
Complete documentation for the 2182A instrument is
available for download on the Keithley web page at
tek.com/en/products/keithley.
The 2182A documentation includes:
• Quick Start Guide: This document. It provides unpacking
instructions, describes basic connections, and reviews
basic operation information.
• User’s Manual: Includes installation, instrument
description, operation, and maintenance information.
• Service Manual: Provides performance
verication, calibration, routine maintenance, and
troubleshooting information.
• Information on accessories.
Measurement capabilities
• Two voltage measurement channels.
• Measure voltage from 1 nV to 100 V (channel 1);
10 nV to 12 V (channel 2).
• Temperature measurements
• Ratio, delta, mx + b, and percent math operations.
Introduction
Unpack and inspect the instrument
To unpack and inspect the instrument:
1. Inspect the box for damage.
2. Open the top of the box.
3. Remove the documentation and accessories.
4. Carefully lift the instrument out of the box.
5. Inspect the instrument for any obvious signs of
physical damage. Report any damage to the shipping
agent immediately.
6. There may be a protective lm over the display lens,
which can be removed.
You receive the 2182A with these accessories
and documents:
• Power line cord
• DeoxIT
®
Contact Cleaner
• Model 2107-4 Low-thermal Input Cable Assembly
• Model 2182-KIT Low-thermal Connector with Strain Relief
• Four copper alligator clips that attach to the copper lugs
of the cable assembly
• Software and documentation downloads information
• Safety precautions
• Model 2182A Nanovoltmeter Quick Start Guide
(this document)
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