Tatung TPC-2OOO Instruction Manual

PART NO: 5738810101

TATUNG

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SMALL BUSINESS COMPUTER

TPC-2OOO

USER'S MANUAL

TATUNG ELECTRONICS CORP.

400

Pai Ling 5th Road,

Taipei

R.O.C.

Telex: " 12861 TATUNG

PT

" VERSION NO: 1.1

Tel: (02)8941242 JANUARY 1984

Facsimile:

(02)3145097

NOTICE

TATUNG

ELECTRONICS

CORP.

has

prepared

this

manual

for use by

TATUNG

custom-

ers. The information contained herein shall not be reproduced in whole or in part

without

TATUNG'S

prior

written

approval.

TATUNG

reserves

the

right

to

make

improvement

in the

product

described

in

this

manual

at any

time

and

without

prior

notice,

and the

reader

should

in

all

cases

consult

TATUNG

to

determine

whether

any

such

changes

have

been

made.

Every

efforts

has

been

made

to

ensure

that

this

manual

accurately

documents

the

operation

and

servicing

of

TATUNG

TPC-2000.

However,

due to

ongoing

improvement

along

with

future

products,

TATUNG

can not

guarantee

the

accuracy

of

printed

material

after

the

date

of

publication,

nor can

TATUNG

accept responsibility for errors or omissions.

* FCC WARNING *

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and

if not

installed

and

used

in

accordance

with

the

user's

manual,

may

cause

interference to radio communications. As temporarily permitted by regulation

it has not

been

tested

for

compliance

with

the

limits

for

Class A computing

devices pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to

provide

reasonable

protection

against

such

interference.

Operation

of

this

equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which

case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures

may be required to correct the interference.

If

this

equipment

does

cause

interference

to

radio

or

television

reception,

which can be determined by turning the equipment off and

on,

the user is

encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the

following measures:

* Reorient the receiving antenna

* Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver

*

Move

the

computer

away

from

the

receiver

* Plug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver

are on different branch circuits

If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced

radio/

television technician for additional suggestions. The user may find the

following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful.

"How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems".

/

This booklet is available from the US Government Printing Office, Washington

DC

20402,

Stock No.

004-000-00345-4

* FUSE REPLACEMENT WARNING *

For continued protection against risk of fire, replace only with same type

and ratings of fuse.

CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

I,

INSTALLATION

.....................................................

1

1.1

Introduction

.....................................................

1

1.2

Unpacking

the

TPC-2000

...........................................

1

1.3

Setup

And How To Get

TPC-2000

Started

............................

2

1.4

Routine

Operating

Instructions

...................................

5

1.5

System

Shutdown

..................................................

6

II

SYSTEM

DESCRIPTION

...............................................

7

2.1

Introduction

.....................................................

7

2.2

Hardware

Overview

................................................

7

2.3

Software

Overview

................................................

9

III

CP/M

OPERATING

SYSTEM

............................................

10

3.1

General

Description

..............................................

10

3.2

Function

Description

Of

CP/M

.....................................

11

3.2.1

File

References

..................................................

12

3.3

Switching

Disks

..................................................

14

3.4

The

Form

Of

Built-in

Commands

....................................

14

3.4.1

ERA

afn

<cr>

.....................................................

14

3.4.2

DIR

afn

<cr>

.....................................................

15

3.4.3

REN

ufn1=ufn2

<cr>

...............................................

15

3.4.4

SAVE

n ufn

<cr>

..................................................

16

3.4.5

TYPE

ufn

<cr>

....................................................

17

3.5

Line

Editing

And

Output

Control

..................................

17

3.6

Transient

Commands

...............................................

18

3.6.1

STAT

<cr>

........................................................

19

3.6.2

ASM

ufn

<cr>

.....................................................

20

3.6.3

LOAD

ufn

<cr>

....................................................

21

3.6.4

PIP

<cr>

.........................................................

22

3.6.5

ED ufn

<cr>

......................................................

29

3.6.6

SYSGEN

<cr>

......................................................

31

3.6.7

SUBMIT

ufn

parm#1

...

parm#n

<cr>

................................

32

3.6.8

DUMP

ufn

<cr>

....................................................

34

3.6.9

MOVCPM

<cr>

......................................................

34

3.7

BDOS

Error

Messages

..............................................

36

IV

TPC-2000

SOFTWARE

UTILITIES

......................................

38

4.1

REFORM

...........................................................

38

4.2

DCHECK

...........................................................

39

SECTION PAGE

4.3

MODE

.............................................................

40

4.4

DCOPY

............................................................

41

4.5

SETUP

............................................................

43

4.6

MTS

.............................................................. 44

4.7

CRTEST

...........................................................

45

4.8

FUNCTION

.........................................................

45

V

TPC-2000

HARDWARE

................................................

47

5.1

Serial

Port

(SIO

or

DART)

........................................

47

5.2

Parallel

Port

(PIO)

..............................................

47

5.3

Counter

Timer

Circuit

(CTC)

......................................

47

5.4

Floppy

Disk

Formatter/Controller

(FDC)

...........................

48

5.5 CRT

Controller

(CRTC)

....^.......................................

48

5.6

Serial

Keyboard

Encoder

(SKE)

....................................

48

VI

KEYBOARD

.........................................................

49

6.1

Numeric

Pad

Functions

............................................

49

6.2

Alphanumeric

Keypad

..............................................

50

6.2.1

General

..........................................................

50

6.2.2

RESET

............................................................

50

6.2.3

SPACE

BAR

........................................................

50

6.2'. 4 SHIFT

............................................................

50

6.2.5

CTRL

.............................................................

50

6.2.6 ESC ..............................................................

50

6.2.7 DEL ..............................................................

51

6.2.8

BREAK

............................................................

51

6.3 LED

Indicator

..............................................

...^-...

51

6.3.1

Programmable

Phrase

..............................................

51

6.3.2

SHIFT

LOG

........................................................

52

6.3.3

CAP

LOG

..........................................................

52

6.3.4

LOCAL

............................................................

52

6.4

Special

Function

Keypads

.........................................

52

6.4.1

Cursor

Movement

..................................................

52

6.4.2

EDIT

Functions

...................................................

54

6.5

Others.

...........................................................

55

6.5.1

Visual

Attributes

................................................

55

6.5.2

Function

Key

.....................................................

56

6.5.3

Control

Character

Codes

..........................................

56.

6.5.4

Summary

............................................................

57

APPENDICES

APPENDIX

PAGE

A The

ASCII

Character

Set

..........................................

59

B

Input/Output

Port

Assignment

.....................................

62

C

Functions

Table

Li st

.............................................

64

D

TPC-2000

Keystrokes

And

Codes

....................................

66

E

System

Startup

Checklist

.........................................

67

F

Interpretation

Of

Disk

Controller

Status

.........................

68

H

Troubleshooting

..................................................

70

FIGURES

1-1

Front

Panel

......................................................

2

1-2

Rear

Panel

.......................................................

2

1-3

Diskette

Insert

..................................................

5

2-1

System

Block

Diagram

.............................................

8

6-1

TPC-2000

Standard

Keyboard

Layout

................................

49

6-2

Numer

ical

Keypad

.................................................

50

6-3 LED

Indicator

....................................................

51

TABLES

4-1

Disk

Format

Set For

TPC-2000

.....................................

39

SECTION I

INSTALLATION

1.1

Introduction

This manual is designed for people who want to learn to program the

computer

or to

bring

economy

and

efficiency

to his

business.

With

this

manual

and a

TATUNG

TPC-2000

desktop

small

business

computer,

and a bit

of your time and attention, you will find that there is nothing

difficult about using TPC-2000.

The TPC-2000 is the ideal system for the small business with data

jf

processing requirements. This system allows streaming of time consuming

|

tasks, such as inventory control, order entry, and billing. It runs the

|

CP/M

V2.2

Operating

System

and

all

utilities

and

application

softwares

|

designed for CP/M. .

|

Simply

add a

TTL

INPUT/OUTPUT

board

onto

TPC-2000,

the

TPC-2000

becomes

an

industrial controller

for

such

as

ROBOT,

chemial

PH

control

...

etc.

As computing requirements grow, the TPC-2000 can become a workstation

of the host computer, with its built-in floppy drive serving as local

storage. Because the TPC-2000 has a function which allows it to accept

down-loads

from the host computer, it can work as a workstation with or

without its disk drive(s).

When

the

TPC-2000

functions

as a

terminal

of a

host

computer,

it can

simulate other

types

of terminals by sending terminal control code

tables

from

the

host

computer.

1.2 Unpacking the TPC-2000

Carefully

unpack

the

TATUNG

TPC-2000

computer.

Do not use a

sharp

or

pointed

instrument

to

open

the

packing

box,

as

this

may

pierce

the

protective covering and scratch the finish on the machine. Carefully

remove

the

computer

from

the

shipping

carton

and

inspect

for

external

damage.

If any

damage

is

noted,

please

notify

TATUNG

and

file

a-claim

for damages with the shipping Carrier. Do not discard the shipping

carton and any of package related parts as these should be used to

return (Before return, ensure that the package method is the same as TATUNG

original

package

you

received)

the

machine

to

TATUNG

in the

event of a hardware malfunction.

Assuming

that

there

is no

damage,

position

the

computer

in

such

a way that there is clear access to the front and rear panels. Ensure that the ventilation ports on

£he

sides are clear and unobstructed.

1.3 Setup and How to Get

TPC-2000

Started

As shown in Figure

1-1,

the TPC-2000 microcomputer system should

include processor unit, CRT display, and detachable keyboard.

/

CRT Drive B CPU Drive A

Power Keyboard Switch Connector

Figure 1-1 Front Panel

Fuse

/

AC Outlet \ DIP Switch\ Centronic Type Expansion

x

Printer

Connector Bus Connector

Monitor 8" Drive Connector Connector RS-232 Port

Figure 1-2 Rear Panel

Use the supplied cables to interconnect these separate parts, be very careful

and

make

sure

that

all

connectors

are

pluged

in

right

direction. Next, plug the TPC-2000 end of the computer's power cord

into

the

TPC-2000

( on the

rear

left

side

of the

TPC-2000

), and the

other

end

into a three-prong

grounded

wall

outlet.

Now the TPC-2000 is completely set up. turn the power on ( the power

switch is on the upper right corner of the front panel ), you

will

hear

a

beep sound

and an

underline

cursor

should

appear

at

upper

left

corner

of the screen.

Get the

system

diskette

from

its

package

and

insert

it

into

drive

A,

the built-in drive on the right side of the system, with the label

facing up and the oval cutout toward the back

pf

the disk drive, clamp

the

front

lever

down.

Depress

"F1"

key,

this

sequence

is

called

System

Boot.

In

this

sequence,

the

disk

drive

will

make

whirring

and

clacking

noises

as

CP/M-80

is

loaded

into

memory.

The

first

thing

that

CP/M-80

does

after

it is

loaded

into

memory

is to

display

the

following

message

on your screen:

6MK

TATUNG DOS

VERS.

V.W

,

A> ' .

....

. . .

,

'

where

64K

indicate

that

the

memory

size

of

TPC-2000,

the

version

number,

represented

above

by V.W

tells

you the

revision

level

of the

Tatung

version

that

you

own.

"A>"

is

system prompt

to

tell

you

CP/M-80^

is

ready

to

read a command

from

your keyboard.

It

also

tells

you

that

drive

A is

your

"default"

drive.

That

means

that

until

you

tell

CP/M-80

to do

otherwise,

it

looks

for

program

and

data

files

on the

diskette

in

drive

A.

,

.

;

If your screen display

doesn't

conform to the above description,

don't

worry.

Turn

the

power off,

then

check

each

connector

and

system

diske-

tte. If everything seems all right, you may do the system boot sequence

again

and the " 6HK

TATUNG

DOS

VERS

2.24* " will

display

on

screen.

Otherwise

you may

call

your

dealer

who

will

give

you the

best

answer.

TATUNG

recommends

that

you

make a backup copy

of the

TPC-2000

system

disk.and

use that copy to perform all operation, the original disk

should be stored in a safe place.

In

order

to

check

the

function

of the

distribution

diskette

and

some

basic

functions

of the

TPC-2000,

type

the

following

command

to

display

a

list,

of the files on the distribution

diskette : .

DIR

<cr>

The screen should display like following format :

A

A A A A A

•

PIP

DUMP LOAD

MODE

F

MTS

COM

DAT

COM

:

ED

: SUBMIT

: REFORM

: DCOPY

: FUNCTION

: XSUB

COM :

COM : COM :

COM :

COM

STAT

ASM

SYSGEN

SETUP

MOVCPM

COM

COM COM

*

I

:

*

DDT

F1

DCHECK

CRTEST PRTEST

COM COM COM COM COM

In order to obtain a back-up copy of system diskette, you should insert

a

blank

diskette

in

drive B then

format

and

generate

system

on

this

diskette

( See

Section

5 ).

Copy

files

from

your

original

disk

onto

your

backup

disk,

type

the

command

:

PIP

B:=A:*.*[V]

<cr>

The

system

will

copy

all

disk

files

from

the

disk A onto disk

B, and

verifies

that

each

file

has

been

copied

correctly.

The

name

of

each

file

is

displayed

at the

CRT

as the

copy

operation

proceeds.

When

this

is completed the system will again display the prompt symbol

"A>".

You

n6w have a complete copy of -your original disk. Release the front

levers

for

both

drives

and

remove

both

disks

from

their

drives.

Store

the original disk in safe place. Place the copied disk into drive A, and

clamp

the

front

lever.

Type a CTRL-C. ( Note:

The

character

"""

represents

the

Control

function

and

"C

is

typed

by

holding

down

the

control key while typing a C ) The system should respond with the

"A>"

prompt symbol.

If you are using an external hard-copy printer, connect its cable to

Centronic type printer jack on the rear of the computer. Plug in the

printer's

power

cord

and

turn

on its

power

switch.

Make

any

other

necessary

settings

on the printer in accordance with the

printer's

operating

manual.

Refer

to the

SETUP

Command

if it is

necessary

to

change

the

Operating

System.

Test

the

printer

by

typing

the

command

:

PIP LST:=A:DUMP.ASM<cr>

If all is working correctly, the printer will begin typing a copy of

the CP/M DUMP source program. Save this printout for future reference.

This completes the initial setup and checkout. If you have encountered

any difficulties, refer to Appendix F and Appendix G of this manual.

Assuming that no difficulties have been encountered to this point, you

can now begin using your computer. It is suggested that you familiarize

yourself

with

the

rest

of

this

manual

prior

to

starting

any

major

operations.

NOTE

Always

remove

your

diskettes

from

the

disk

drives

before

you

turn off your

TPC-2000.

1.4

Routine Operating Instructions

For the

initial

startup

and

checkout

of

your

system,

consult

Section

1.3 of

this

manual

to

ensure

that

your

computer

is

operational.

After the system is completely checked out and operating

correctly,

use

the following instructions as a guide for routine system startup.

Consult Figures

1-1

through

1-3,

if required, for positioning and

placement information. The following instructions assume that your

system uses a standard CRT display and a detachable keyboard.

<J

Figure 1-3 Diskette Insert

Turn on the

power

switch on the front panel of the TPC-2000. If appropriate, turn on the power switch on the printer or other peripheral device(s).

Release the front lever of both drives, Insert a system disk (a disk containing the CP/M Operating System program on tracks 0, 1 and 2) in the drive A with the manufacturer's label facing on. Refer to

Figure

1-3 for the correct method of inserting the disk. And clamp the front

lever of drive

A.

Make

sure

your

system

is set on by

real

panel

switch

(please

refer

Appendix

B) and

press

"F1"

keys

to

cause

the

system

to

"AUTO

Boot",

the

system

will

display the message :

TATUNG DOS VERS

V.W*

and then the symbol

"A>"

will

appear. This is the indication that the

Operating System program has successfully loaded and is controlling the

TPC-2000'S

operation.

At

this

point

you may

enter

the

appropriate

CP/M

commands to perform the processing required.

1.5 System Shutdown

There

is

only

special

precaution

which

should

be

observed

when

you are

finished with the computer and are preparing to turn it off.

Power to the computer should not be turned on or off with diskettes in

the disk drives. Therefore, before turning off the power

switch,

release

both

front

levers

and

remove

the

diskette

or

diskettes.

Failure

to

observe

this

precaution

could

allow

an

unpredictable

magnetic

field

to

erase

or

alter a small

part

of the

information

on the

diskette.

The

potentially

disastrous result of such an alteration might not be

discovered

until

some

time

later.

NOTE

Don't switch on TPC-2000 within 30 seconds after power off TPC-2000 or you

will

break

down

the

power

supply

of

TPC-2000

SECTION II

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

2.1

Introduction

A typical microcomputer system consists of a CPU (Central Processing

Unit), input, output, storage devices, and a program called the

Operating System.

The CPU is a single integrated circuit chip, called microprocessor, it

is the

heart

of the

system.

Its

function

is to

obtain

instructions

from

the

memory

and

perform

the

desired

operations.

The input device is

usually

a keyboard. Typical output devices includes

CRT(Cathode

Ray

Tube)

and

printer.

Storage

devices

include

computer's

internal

Random

Access

Memory

(RAM),

Read

Only

Memory(ROM),

and the

magnetic

floppy

disks.

The

RAM

is

volatile

storage,

it

must

have

power

applied

to

retain

its

information.

The floppy disks are non-volatile storage because they retain their

information regardless of power application.

The Operating System program enables the computer to accept directions

from

the

user

and it

must

be

loaded

into

the

computer

before

the

computer can do the function. The Operating System accepts and

interprets

commands

from

the

keyboard,

reads

from

and

writes

to the

floppy disks, communicates with the output device(s), and keeps track

of where information is stored on the disks.

The

TATUNG

TPC-2000

Integrated

desktop

microcomputer

system

is a

single

user

system,

it is a compact and very attractive desktop unit. The standard system consists of the processor unit, CRT display, detachable keyboard and dual slim line

mini-floppy

disk drives.

2.2 Hardware Overview

The

TATUNG

TPC-2000

computer

includes a Z80A

(4MHz)

microprocessor,

two

slim

line 5 1/4"

mini-floppy

diskette

drives.

Each

system

also

include

64K

bytes

RAM

and

4K

bytes

ROM

for

main

memory,

4K

bytes

RAM

and

2K

bytes ROM for display memory.

Standard

system

includes a serial

RS-232C

interface

port

for

printer;

baud

rate

of

110, 300, 600, 1200,

2400,

4800,

9600,

or

19200

bps can be

selected

through

software

or by

hardware

switch;

one

Centronics

type

interface for parallel printer.

MULTI-

PLEXER

DISPLAY

RAM

Figure 2-1 System Block Diagram

The TPC-2000 detachable keyboard has been designed for easy to used. It

has 93 sculptured keys arranged in standard typewriter format, and includes alpha

lock,

18-key numeric pad with decimal and 6 programmable

function keys which can be used to implement automatically complicated and repetitive operation with a single key stroke.

The

disk

drives incorporated in your TPC-2000 vary

from

model to model,

according

to the followings:

1>

single

side,

96

TPI — 360K

Bytes

of

formatted

storage

per

drive.

2>

double

side,

96 TPI —

720K

Bytes

of

formatted

storage

per

drive.

A wide range of options is available with the TPC-2000, each is fully

supported

by

TATUNG.

* Color monitor display unit

* Graphic display board * 8" floppy drive :

TPC-2000 can be added with 2 additional drives

(if

TPC-2000 already

has 2

mini-floppy

drives), or U drives (if TPC-2000 does not have any

mini-floppy

drives). Each 8" drive has a

616K

(single side) or 1.2MB

(double side)

«

Virtual disk :

Each

virtual

disk

has

256KB

capacity.

The

TPC-2000

can be

added

up to

8 virtual disk boards

*

Hard disk :

TPC-2000

can be

added

up to 4 sets

of 5

1/M"

or

hard

disk

drives.

8

i

There are 6.6 MB/drive, 13.3

MB/drive,

and

2?

MB/drive

options for 5

1/4" Winchester hard disk.

* Serial interface board :

Each

interface

board

has 14

RS-232C

serial

ports.

The

TPC-2000

can be

added up to 2 boards.

*

TTL

input/ouput

board :

Each I/O board has

64

input/ouput points. TPC-2000 can be added with

2 input/output board.

OPERATING CONDITIONS ———

Power requirement Power

consumption

Operating Temperature

Humidity

Weight

Dimensions

(mm)

110V

or 220V +/- 10%, 50 or 60 Hz

less

than

100VA

10°C - 40°C

20% - 80% Noncondensing

12 Kg

450(W) X

42800

X 620(D)

2.3 Software Overview

The term software refers to whatever program will be used with the

computer. This includes the

CP/M

Operating System program, the various utility programs provided with the computer and any program written by the user or acquired by other means.

The program stored in the ROM is called "Firmware", since it is program

material, but not easily alterable. The ROM firmware will be considered a subset of the software, since it is program material. The program in the ROM was written by

TATUNG

and is required in order to perform the

most basic machine functions.

Two operating systems are available for the integrated TPC-2000 system;

the CP/M V2.2 for single users and the

CP/NET

for local networks. Both

operating systems support a wide range of application languages.

OPERATING SYSTEM : CP/M V.VV, CP/NET

UTILITIES

LANGUAGES

:

KSAM,

DATASTAR, SUPERSORT, WORDSTAR, SUPERCALC,

VEDIT,

BISYNC, L80, LIB80, DBASE II

: ASM, M80, MAC, FORTRAN,

CBASIC,

CB80,

MBASIC,

PASCAL/M , PASCAL/MT+ , COBOL80

SECTION III

CP/M OPERATING SYSTEM

3.1 General Description

CP/M is a monitor control program for microcomputer system development

which uses IBM-compatible flexible disks for backup storage. CP/M

provides a general environment for program

construction,

storage, and

editing,

along

with

assembly

and

program

check-out

facilities.

It

also provides rapid access to programs through a comprehensive file management

package.

The

file

subsystem

supports a named

file

structure

,

allowing

dynamic

allocation

of

file

space

as

well

as

sequential

and

random

file

access.

Using

this

file

system, a large

number

of

distinct

programs can be stored in both source and machine executable form.

CP/M also supports a

powerful

context editor, Intel-compatible

assembler, and debugger subsystems. Optional software includes a

powerful Intel-compatible macro assembler, symbolic debugger, along with

various

high-level

languages.

When

coupled

with

CP/M's

Console

Command

Processor,

the

resulting

facilities

equal

or

excel

similar

large computer facilities.

CP/M is logically divided into several distinct parts:

BIOS Basic I/O System (hardware dependent)

BDOS

Basic

Disk

Operating

System

CCP

Console

Command

Processor

TPA Transient Program Area

The

BIOS

provides

the

primitive

operations

necessary

to

access

the

diskette drives and to interface standard peripherals (teletype, CRT,

Paper Tape Reader/Punch, and user-defined peripherals), and can be

tailored by the user for any particualr hardware environment by

"patching"

this

portion

of

CP/M.

The

BDOS

implements

disk

allocation

strategies

which

provide

fully

dynamic

file

contruction

while

minimi-

zing

head

movement

across

the

disk

during

access.

Any

particular

file

may

contain

any

number

of

records,

not

exceeding

the

size

of any

single disk. In a standard CP/M system, each disk can contain up to

6')

distinct

files.

The

BDOS

has

entry

points

which

include

the

following primitive operations which can be programmatically accessed:

X

SEARCH Look for a particular disk file by name. OPEN Open a file for further operations.

CLOSE Close a file after processing.

RENAME Change the name of a particular file.

READ Read a record from a particular file.

10

WRITE

Write a record

onto

the

disk.

SELECT

Select a particular

disk

drive

for

further

operations.

The CCP provides symbolic interface between the user's console and the

remainder of the CP/M system. The CCP reads the console device and

processes

commands

which

include

listing

the

file

directory,

printing

the contents of files, and controlling the operation of transient

programs, such as assemblers, editors, and

debuggers..

The standard

commands

which

are

available

in the

CCP

are

listed

in a

following

section.

The

last

segment

of

CP/M

is the

area

called

the

Transient

Program

Area

(TPA).

The TPA

holds

programs

which

are

loaded

from

the

disk

under

command

of the

CCP.

During

program

editing,

for

example,

the TPA

holds

the CP/M text editor machine code and data areas.

Similarly,

programs

created under CP/M can be checked out by loading and executing these

programs in the TPA.

It

should

be

mentioned

that

any or all of the

CP/M

component

subsystems can be

"overlayed"

by an executing program. That is, once a

user's

program

is

loaded

into

the

TPA,

the

CCP, BDOS,

and

BIOS

areas

can be used as the

program's

data area. A "bootstrap" loande is

programmatically

accessible

whenever

the

BIOS

portion

is not

overlayed; thus, the user program need only branch to the bootstrap

loader at the end of

execution,

and the complete CP/M monitor is

reloaded from disk.

3.2 Functional Description of CP/M

The user interacts win CP/M primarily through the CCP, which reads and

interprets

commands

entered

through

the

console.

In

general,

the CCP

addresses one of seveal disks which are online (the standard system

addresses up to four different disk drives). These disk drives are

labelled

A,B,C,

and D. A

disk

is

"logged

in" if the

CCP

is

currently

addressing the disk. In order to clearly indicate which disk is the

currently logged disk, the CCP always prompts the operator with the disk

name

followed

by the

symbol

"<"

indicating

that

the CCP is

ready

for

another

command.

Upon

initial

start

up, the

CP/M

system

is

brought in from disk A. and the CCP displays the message

xxK

CP/M

VER

m.m

where

xx is the

memory

size

(in

kilobytes)

which

this

CP/M

system

manages, and m.m is the CP/M version number. All CP/M systems are initially

set to

operate

in a 16k

memory

space,

but can be

easily

reconfigured

to it any

memory

size

on the

host

system

(see

the

MOVCPM

transient

command).

Following

system

signon,

CP/M

automatically

logs

11

in disk

A,

prompts the user with the symbol

"A>"

(indicating that CP/M

is

currently

addressing

disk

"A"),

and

waits

for a

command.

The

commands

are

implemented

at two

levels:

built-in

commands

and

transient commands. Nearly all of the commands reference a particular

file

or

group

of

files.

The

form

of a

file

reference

is

specified

below.

3.2.1

File References

A

file

reference

identifies a particular

file

or

group

of

files

on

particular disk attached to CP/M. These file references can be either

"unambiguous" (ufn) or "ambiguous" (afn). An unambiguous file

reference

uniquely

identifies a single

file,

while

an

ambiguous

file

reference

may be

satisfied

by a

number

of

different

files.

File

referneces

consist

of two

parts:

the

primary

name

nd the

secondarty name. Although the secondary ame is optional, it usually

is

generic;

that

is, the

secondary

name

"ASM,"

for

example,

is

used

to

denote that the file is an assembly language source file, while the

primary

name

distinguishes

each

particular

source

file.

The two

names

are

se

par

ted by a

"."

as show below:

PPPPPPPP.sss

where

pppppppp

represents

the

primary

name

of

eight

characters

or

less,

and sss is the

secondary

name

of no

more

than

three

characters.

As mentioned above, the name

pppppppp

is

also

allowed

and is

equivalent

to a

secondary

name

consisting

of

three

blank.

The

characters

used

in

specifying

an

unambiguous

file

reference cannot contain any of the special characters

< >

•

. - 9 * r i

X / » | |

. — •

L

J

while all alphanumerics remaining special characters are allowed.

An ambiguous file reference is used for directory search and pattern

matching.

The

form

of an

ambiguous

file

reference

is

similar

to an

unambiguous reference, except the symbol

"?"

may be interspersed

throughout the primary and secondary names. In various commands throught

CP/M,

the

"?"

symbol

matches

any

character

of a

file

name

in

the

"?"

position.

Thus,

the ambiguous reference

X?Z.C?M

12

ppppppp.

and *.sss

are abbreviations for

ppppppp.???

and

???????.sss

respectively.

As an example,

DIR

».«

is

interpreted

by the

CCP

as a

command

to

list

the

names

of all

disk

files in the directory, while

DIR X.Y

searches

only

for a

file

by the

name

X.Y . Similarly,

the

command

DIR X?Y.C?M

,

causes a search

for all

(unambiguous)

file

names

on the

disk

which

satisfy

this

ambiguous

reference.

The

following

file

names

are

valid

unambiguous

file

references:

X

A.Y

XYZ

XYZ.COM

GAMMA

GAMMA.1

As an added convenience, the programmer can generally specify the disk drive

name

along

with

the

file

name.

In

this

case,

the

drive

name

is

give

as a

letter A through D followed

by a

colon

(:).

The

specified

drive

is

then

"logged

in"

before

the

file

operation

occurs.

Thus,

the

following

are

valid

file

names

with

disk

name

prefixes:

A:X.Y

B-.SYZ

C:GAMMA

It

should

also

be

noted

that

all

alphabetic

lower

case

letters

in

file

and

drive

names

are

always

translated

to

upper

case

when

they

are

processed by the CCP.

13

3.3 Switching Disks

The operator can switch the currently logged disk by typing the disk

drive name

(A,B,C,orD)

followed by a colon (:) when the CCP is waiting

for console input. Thus, the sequence of

prompts

and commands shown

below might occur after the

Cp/M

system is loaded from disk A:

64K

CP/M

VER

2.2

A>DIR

List all files on disk A.

A: SAMPLE ASM : SAMPLE PRN : DUMP

A: PIP COM : STAT COM

COM : SYSGEN COM

A>B:

B>DIR

*.ASM

Switch to disk B.

List all

"ASM"

files on B.

B: DUMP ASM : FILES ASM : REFORM ASM :

DCOPY

ASM

B>A:

Switch back to A.

3.4

The

Form

of

Built-in

Commands

Built-in

commands

are a

part

of th

CCP

program

itself,

while

transient

commands

are

loaded

into

the TPA

from

disk

and

executed.

The

built-in

commands are

ERA Erase

sepcified

files.

DIR

List file names in the directory.

REN Rename the speicified file. SAVE Save memory contents in a file.

TYPE Type the contents of a file on the logged disk.

3.4.1

ERA afn <cr>

The

ERA

(erase)

command

removes

files

from

the

currently

logged-in

disk

(i.e.,

the

disk

name

currently

prompted

by

CP/M

preceding

the

•">").

The

files

which

are

erased

are

those

which

satisfy

the

ambiguous

file

reference

afn.

The

following

examples

illustrate

the use of

ERA:

ERA

X.Y The

file

named

X.Y on the

currently

logged

disk

is re-

moved from the disk directory, and the space is returned.

ERA

X.*

All

files

with

primary

name

X are

removed

from

the

current disk.

ERA

*.ASM

All

files

with

secondary

name

current disk.

ASM are removed from the

ERA X?Y.C?M

All

files

on the

current

disk

which

satisfy

the

ambiguous

reference

X?Y.C?M

are

deleted.

ERA *.*

Erase all files on the current disk (in this case the CCP

prompts

the

console

with

the

message

"ALL

FILES

(Y/N)?"

which

requires

a Y

response

before

files

are

actually

removed).

ERA

B:*.PRN

All

files

on

drive B which

satisfy

the

ambiguous

reference

????????.PRN

are deleted, independently of the

currently logged disk.

I.U.2

DIR

afn <cr>

The DIR (directory) command causes the names of all files which

satisfy the ambiguous file name afn to be listed at the console

device. As special case, the command

DIR

lists the files on the currently logged disk (the command "DIR" is

equivalent to the command

"DIR*.*").

Valid DIR commands are shown

below.

DIR X.Y

DIR X?Z.C?M

DIR

??.Y

Similar

to

other

CCP

commands,

the afn can be

preceded

by a

drive

name.

The

following

DIR

commands

cause

the

selected

drive

to be

addressed before the directory search takes place.

DIR B: DIR

B:X.Y

DIR B:*.A?M

If no

files

can be

found

on the

selected

diskette

which

satisfy

the

directory

for a

file

by the

name

x.COM

If found, the machine code is loaded into the TPA, and the program executes. Thus, the user need only LOAD a hex file once; it can be

subsequently executed any number of times by simply typing the primary

name. In this way, the user can "invent" new commands in the CCP.

(Initialized disks contain the transient commands as COM files, whin

can be deleted at the user's option.) The operation can take place on

an alternate drive if the file name is prefixed by a name. Thus,

LOAD

BrBETA

brings

the

LOAD

program

into

the

TPA

from

the

currently

logged

disk

and operates upon drive B after execution begins.

It

must..be

noted

that

the

BETA.HEX

file

must

contain

valid

Intel

format hexadecimal machine code records (as produced by the ASM

program, for example) which begin at 100H, the beginning of the TPA.

Further, the addresses in the hex records must be in ascending order; gaps

in

unfilled

memory

regions

are

filled

with

zeroes

by the

LOAD

command

as the hex

records

are

read.

Thus,

LOAD

must

be

used

only

for

creating

CP/M

standard

"COM"

files

which

operate

in the

TPA.

Programs

which occupy regions of memory other than the TPA can be loaded under

DDT.

3.6.4

PIP <cr>

PIP is the CP/M Peripheral Interchange Program which implements the

basic media conversion operations necessary to load, print, punch,

copy,

and

combine

disk

files.

The PIP

program

is

initiated

by

typing

one of the following forms

22

1)

PIP <cr>

2) PIP

"command

line"

<cr>

In both cases, PIP is loaded into the TPA and executed. In case (1), PIP

reads

command

lines

directly

from

the

console,

prompting

with

the

"*"

character,

until

an

empty

command

line

is

typed

(i.e., a single

carrige

return

is

issued

by the

operator).

Each

successive

command

line

causes

some

media

conversion

to

take

place

according

to the

rules

shown

below.

Form

(2) of the PIP

command

is

equivalent

to the

first,

except

that

the

single

command

line

given

with

the PIP

command

is

automatically executed, and PIP terminates immediately with no further

prompting

of the

console

for

input

command

lines.

The

form

of

each

command

line

is

destination =

source//1,

source//2,...,

sourcetfn

<cr>

where

"destination"

is the

file

or

peripheral

device

to

receive

the

data,

and

"source//1

,...,source#n"

represents a series

of one or

more

files

or

devices

which

are

copied

from

left

to

right

to the

destination.

When

multiple

files

are

given

in the

command

line

(i.e,

n>1),

the

individual

files

are

assumed

to

contain

ASCII

characters,

with

an

assumed

CP/M

end-of-file

character

(ctl^Z)

at the end of

each

file

(see

the o

parameter

to

override

this

assumption).

The

equal

symbol

(=) can be replaced by a left-oriented arrow, if your console supports

this

ASCII

character,

to

improved

readability.

Lower

case

ASCII

alphabetics are internally translated to uppper case to be consistent

with

CP/M

file

and

device

name

conventions.

Finally,

the

total

command

line

length

cannot

exceed

225

characters

(ctl-E

can be

used

to

force a physical

carriage

return

for

lines

which

exceed

the

console

width).

The destination and source elements can be unambiguous references

to-

CP/M

source

files,

with

or

without a preceding

disk

drive

name.

That

is,

any

file

can be

referenced

with a preceding

drive

name

(Ar,B:,C:,

or

D:,)

which

defineds

the

particular

drive

where

the

file

may be

obtained

or

stored.

,When

the

drive

name

is not

included,

the

currently

logged disk is assumed.

Further,the

destination file can also

appear

as one or

more

of the

source

files,

in

which

case

the

source

file

is

not altered until the entire concatenation is complete. If the destination

file

already

exists,

it is

removed

if the

command

line

is

properly

formed

(it is not

removed

if an

error

condition

arises).

The

following

command

lines

(with

explanations

to the

right)

are

valid

as

input to PIP:

23

X=Y <cr>

X=Y,Z;

<cr>

Copy

to

file X from

file

Y,

where

X and

Y are

unambiguous

file

names; Y remains

unchanged.

Concatenate

files

Y and Z and

copy

to

file

X,

with

Y and Z

unchanged.

X.ASM=Y.ASM,Z.ASM,FIN.ASM

<cr>

Create

the

file

X.ASM

from

the

con-

catenation of the

Y,Z,

and FIN files

with type ASM.

NEW.ZOM=B:OLD.ZAP

<cr>

Move a copy

of

OLD/ZAP

from

dirve

B to

the

currently

logged

diskjname

the

file

NEW.ZOT.

B:A.U=B:B.V,A:C.W,D.X

<cr>

Concatenate

file

B.V

from

drive B with

C.W from drive A and D.X from the logged disk; create the file

A.U

on

drive

B.

For

more

convenient

use,

PIP

allows

abbreviated

commads

for

transfer-

ring

files

between

disk

drives.

The

abberviated

forms

are

PIP

X:=afn

<cr>

PIP

x:=y:afn

<cr>

PIP x:=y: <cr>

PIP

x:ufn=y:

<cr>

The

first

form

copies

all

files

from

the

currently

logged

disk

which

satisfy

the afn to the

same

file

names

on

drive x (x=A...Z).

The

second

form

is

equivalent

to the

first,

where

the

source

for the

copy

is

drive y (y=A...Z).

The

third

form

is

equivalent

to the

command

"PIP

ufnryrufn

cr"

which

copies

the

file

given

by ufn

from

drive

y to the

file

ufn on

drive

x. The

fourth

form

is

equivalent

to the

third,

where the source disk is explicitly given by

y.

Note that the source and destination disks must be different in all of

these

cases.

If an afn is

specified,

PIP

lists

each

ufn

which

satisfies

the afn as it is

being

copied.

If a

file

exists

by

the

same

name

as the

destination

file,

it

is

removed

upon

successful

completion

of the

copy,

and

replaced

by the

copied

file.

The following PIP commands give examples of valid

operations:

disk-to-disk

copy

B:=*.COM

<cr>

Copy

all

files

which

have

the

secondary

name

-: • - "COM" to drive B from the current drive.

A:=B:ZAP.*

<cr>

Copy

all

files

which

have

the

primary

name

"ZAP"

to drive A from drive B.

ZAP.ASM=B:

<cr>

Equivalent

to

ZAP.ASM=B:ZAP.ASM

B:ZOT.COM=A:

<cr>

Equivalent

to

B:ZOT.COM=A.ZOT.COM

B:=GAMMA.BAS

<cr> Same

as

B:GAMMA.BAS=GAMMA.BAS

B:=A:GAMMA.BAS

<cr> Same as B:GAMA.BAS=A:GAMMA.BAS

The device names

which

can be used in PIP commands are

CON: The syste console

device

(used by CCP for communication with the

operator).

LST:

The

oudtput

list

device.

NUL:

Send

40

"nulls"

(ASCII

O's)

to the

device

(this

can be

issued

at

the end of punched output).

EOF:

end a

CP/M

end-of-file

(ASCII

ctl-Z)

to the

destination

device

(sent automatically at the end of all ASCII data transfers

through

PIP)..

INP:

Special PIP input source which can be "patched" into the PIP

program

itself:PIP

gets

the

input

data

character-by-character

by

CAlling location 103H, with data returned in location

109H

(parity bit must be zero).

•..'.'

., ' ,

...

OUT: Special PIP output

destination

which

can be patched into the PIP

>.

program:PIP

CALLs

location

106H

with

data

in

register

C for

each

character to transmit. Note that

Ibcations

109H

through 1FFH of

the PIP memory image are not used and can be replaced by special

; purpose drivers using

DOT

(see the

DOT

operator's manual).

PRN:

Same

as

LST:,

except

that

tabs

are

expanded

at

every

eighth

character

position,

lines

are

numbered,

and

page

ejects

are

inserted

every

60

lines,

with

an

initial

eject

(same

as

[t8np]).

File

and

device

names

can be

interspersed

in the

commands.

In

each

case,

the

specific

device

is

read

until

end-of-file

(ctl-Z

for

ASCII

files,

and a

real

end of

file

or

non-ASCII

disk

files).Data

from

each

device

or

file

is

concatenated

from

left

to

right

until

the

last

data

source has been read. The destination device or file is written using

the

data

from

the

source

files,

and an

end-of-file

character

(ctl-Z)

25

is

appended

to the

result

for

ASCII

files.

Note

if the

destination

is

a

disk

file,

then a temporary

file

is

created

($$$

secondary

name)

which

is

changed

to the

actual

file

name

only

upon

successful completion of the copy. Files with te extension "COM" are always assumed to be non-ASCII.

The copy operation can be aborted at any time by depressing any key on the keyboard (a

rubout

suffices). PIP will respond with the message

"ABORTED"

to

indicate

that

the

operation

was not

completed.

Note

that if any operation is aborted, or if an error occurs during processing, PIP removes any pending commands which were set up while using the SUBMIT command.

Valid PIP commands are shown below.

PIP LST:=X.PRN <cr>

PIP <cr>

*CON:=X.ASM,Y.ASM,Z.ASM

<cr>

*X.HEX=

CON:,Y.HEX,

PTR: <cr>

Copy

X.PRN

to the LST

device

and

terminate the PIP program.

Start

PIP for a

sequence

of

commands

(PIP prompts with

"*").

Concatenate three ASM files and copy

to the CON device.

Create a HEX file by reading the CON

(until a

ctl-Z

is typed folloed by

data

from

PTR

until a ctl-Z

is

encountered.

<cr>

Single carriage return stops PIP.

PIP

LST:=NUL:,X.ASM,EOF:NUL:

<cr>

Send

40

nulls

to the

list

device;

then

copy

the

X.ASM

file

to the

List

.

device, followed by an end-of file

(ctl-Z) and 40 more null characters.

The user can also specify one or more PIP parameters, enclosed in left

and

eight

square

brackets,

separated

by

zero

or

more

blanks.

Each

parameter

affects

the

copy

operation,

and the

enclosed

list

of

parameters

must

immediately

follow

the

affected

file

or

device.

Generally, each parameter can be followed by an optional decimal

integer value (the S and Q parameters are exceptions). The valid PIP

parameters are listed below

B

Block

mode

transfer:

data

is

buffered

by PIP

until

an

ASCII

x-off

character

(ctl-S)

is

received

from

the

source

device.

This

allows

transfer

of

"data

to a

disk

file

from a coninuous

reading

26

device,

such

as

cassette

reader.

Upon

receipt

of the

x-off,

PIP

clears

the

disk

buffers

and

returns

for

more

input

data.

The amount of data which can be buffered is dependent upon the memory size of the host system (PIP will issue an error message if the

buffers overflow).

Dn

Delete characters which extend past column n in the transfer of

data to the destination from the character source. This parameter

is

used

most

often

to

truncate

long

lines

which

are

sent

to a

(narrow) printer or console device.

E Echo all transfer oprations to the console as they are being

per formed.

F

Filter

form

feeds

from

the

file.

All

imbedded

form

feeds

are

removed. The P parameter can be used simultaneously to insert new

form feeds.

H Hex data transfer:all data is checked for proper Intel hex file

format. Nonessential characters between hex records are removed

during the copy operation. The console will be prompted for

corrective action in case errors occur.

I Ignore "00" records in the transfer of Intel hex format file (the

I

parameter

automatically

sets

the H

parameter).

L Translate upper case

alphabetics

to lower case.

N Add

line

numbers

to

each

line

transfered

to the

destination

starting at one, and incrementing by 1. Leading zeroes are suppressed, and the number is followed by a colon. If N2 is specified, then leading zeroes are included, and a tab is

inserted following the number. The tab is expanded if T is set.

0

Object

file

(non-ASCII)

transfer:

the

normal

CP/M

end of

file

is

ignored.

Pn

Include

page

ejects

at

every n lines

(with

an

initial

page

eject). If n=1 or is excluded altogether, page ejects occur

every

60

lines.

If the F

parameter

is

used,

form

feed

supression

takes place before the new page ejects are inserted.

Qs~z

Quit

copying

from

the

source

device

or

file

when

the

string

s

(terminated by

ctl-Z)

is encountered.

Ss~z

Start

copying

from

the

source

device

when

the

string

s is

encountered (terminated by ctl-Z). The S and Q parameters can be

27

used to "abstract" a particular section of a file (such as a

subroutine).

The

start

and

quit

string

s are

always

included

in

the copy operation.

NOTE

the string s following the S and Q parameters are translated to

upper

case

by the

CCP

if

form

(2) of the PIP

command

is

used.

Form (1) of the PIP invocation, however, does not perform the

automatic upper case translation.

1) PIP <cr>

2) PIP

"command

line"

<cr>

Tn

Expand

tabs

(ctl-I

characters)

to

every

nth

column

during

the

transfer of characters to the destination from the source.

U

Translate lower case alphabetics to upper case during the copy

operation.

V Verify that data has been copied correctly by reading after the

write operation (the destination must be a disk file).

Z

Zero

the

parity

bit on

input

for

each

ASCII

character.

The following are valid PIP commands which specify parameters in the

file

transfer:

PIP X.ASM=B:Cv] <cr>

Copy

X.ASM

from

drive

B to the

current

dive

and

verify

that

the

data

was

properly

copied.

PIP

LPT:=X.ASM

[nt8u]

<cr>

Copy

X.ASM

to the

LPT:

device;

number

each

line,

expand

tabs

to

every

eight

column,

and translate lower case alphabetics to upper case.

PIP

PUN:=X.HEX[i],Y.ZOTth]

<cr>

First

copy

X.HEX

to he

PUN:

device

and

igonore

the

trailing

"00"

record

in

X.HEX;

then

continue

the

transiter

of

data

by

reading

Y.ZOT,

which contains hex records, including any "00" records which in

contain.

PIP

X.LIB=Y.ASM

[sSUBR1:*z

q JMP

L3"Z

] <cr>

Copy

from

the

file

Y.ASM

into

the

file

X.LIB.

Start

the

copy

when

the

string

"SUBR1:"

has

been

found,

and

quit

copying

after

the

string

"JMP

28

L3"

is enccountered.

. PIP

PRN:=X.ASM[p50]

<cr>

Send

X.ASM

to the

LSI:

device,

with

line

numbers,

tabs

expanded

to

every

eight

column,

and

page

ejects

at

every

50th

line.

Note

that

nt8p60

is the

assumed

parameter

list

for a

PRN

file;

p50

overrides

the

default value.

3.6.5 ED ufn <cr>

The ED program is the

CP/M

system context editor, which allows

creation

and

alteration

of

ASCII

files

in the

CP/M environment.

Complete

details

of

operation

are

given

the

ED

user's

manual,

"ED:

a

Context Editor for the CP/M Disk system." In

general,

ED allows the

operator

to

create

and

operate

upon

source

files

which

are

organized

as a

sequence

of

ASCII

characters,

separated

by

end-of-line

characters

(a carriage-return line-feed sequence). There is no practical

restriction on line length (no single line can exceed the size of the

working

memory),

which

is

instead

defined

by the

number

of

characters

typed between

<cr>'s.

The ED program has a number of commands for

chracter string searching, replacement, and insertion, which are

useful

in the

creation

and

correction

of

programs

or

text

files

under

CP/M.

Although

the

CP/M

has a

limited

memory

work

space

area

(approximately 5000 characters in a

16K

CP/M system), th file size

which can be edited is not limited, since data is easily "paged"

through

this

work

area.

Upon

initiation,

ED

creates

the

specified

source

file,

if it

does

not

exist,

and

opens

the

file

for

access.

The

programmer

then

"appends"

data

from

the

source

file

into

the

work

area,

if the

source

file

already

exists

(see

the A

command),

for

editing.

The

appended

data

can

then

be

displayed,

altered,

and

written

from

the

work

area

back

to

the

disk

(see

the W

command).

Particular

points

in the

program

can be

automatically

paged

and

located

by

context

(see

the N

command),

allowing easy access to particular portions of a large file.

Given

that

the

operator

has

typed

ED X.ASM <cr>

the ED program creates an intermediate work file with the name

X.$$$

to

hold

the

edited

data

during

the ED

run.

Upon

completion

of ED, the

X.ASM

file

(original

file)

is

renamed

to

X.BAK,

and the

edited

work

file

is

renamed

to

X.ASM.

Thus,

the

X.BAK

file

contains

the

original

29

(unedited)

file,

and the

X.ASM

file

contains

the

newly

edited

file. The operator can always return to the previous version of a file by removing the most recent, and renaming the previous version. Suppose,

for

example,

that

the

current

X.ASM

file

was

improperly

edited;

the

sequence

of CCP

comand

shown

below

would

reclaim

the

backup

file.

DIR

X.»

<cr>

Check to see that

BAK

file is available.

ERA X.ASM <cr>

Erase most recent version.

REN

X.ASM

=X.BAK

<cr>

Rename

the BAK

file

to

ASM.

Note

that

the

operator

can

abort

the

edit

at any

point

(reboot,power

failure,Ctrl-C,or Q command)

without

destroying

the

original

file.

In

this case, the BAK file is not created, and the original file is

always intact.

The ED program also allows the user to "ping-pong" the source and

create

backup

files

between

two

disks.

The

form

of the ED

command

in

this case

is

ED ufn d: <cr>

where

ufn is the

name

of a

file

to

edit

on the

currently

logged

disk,

and d is the

name

of an

alternate

drive.

The ED

program

reads

and processes the source file, and writes the new file to drive d, using the

name

ufn.

Upon

completion

of

processing,

the

original

file

becomes

the

backup

file.

Thus,

if the

operator

is

addressing

disk

A, the

following

command

is

valid:

ED X.ASM B:<cr>

which edits the file X.ASM on drive A, creating the new file X.$$$ on drive B. Upon completion of a successful edit,

A:X.ASM

is renamed to

AtX.BAK,

and B:X.$$$ is renamed to

BrX.ASM.

For user convenience, the

currently logged disk becomes drive B at the end of the edit. Note

that if a file by the name

B:X.ASM

exists before the editing begins,

the message

FILE'EXISTS

is printed at the console as a precaution against accidently

destroying a source

file.

In

this

case,

the

operator

must

first

ERAse

the existing file and then restart the edit operation.

Similar

to

other

transient

commands,

editing

can

take

place

on a

drive

different

from

the

currently

logged

disk

by

preceding

the

source

file

30

name by a drive name. Examples of valid edit requests are shown below

ED

A:X.ASM

<cr>

ED B:X.ASM A:

Edit

the

file

X.ASM

on

drive

A,with

new

file

and backup on drive A.

<cr>

Edit

the

file

X.ASM

on

drive

B to the

temporary

file

X.$$$

on

drive

A. On

termination

of

editing,

change

X.ASM

on

drive

B to

X.BAK,

and

change

X.$$$

on

drive

A to

X.ASM.

3.6.6 SYSGEN <cr>

The SYSGEN transient command allows generation of an initialized diskette containing the CP/M operating system. The SYSGEN program

prompts the console for commands, with interaction as shown below.

SYSGEN <cr>

Initiate

the

SYSGEN

program.

SYSGEN VERSION

tn.m

SYSGEN

sign-on

message.

SOURCE

DRIVE

NAME

(OR

RETURN

TO

SKIP)

Respond

with

the

drive

name

(one

of the

letters

A, B, C or D) of the

disk containing a CP/M system; usually A. If a copy of CP/M already

exists

in

memory,

due to a

MOVCPM

command,

type a <cr>

only.

Typing

a

drive name x will cause the response:

SOURCE ON x THEN TYPE RETURN

Place a diskette containing the CP/M operating system on drive x (x is

one of A, B, C or D). Answer with <cr> when ready.

FUNCTION COMPLETE

System

is

copied

to

memory.

SYSGEN

will

then

prompt

with:

DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)

If a diskette is being initialized, place the new disk into a drive and answer with the drive name. Otherwise, type a <cr> and the system

will

reboot

from

drive

A.

Typing

drive

name x will

cause

SYSGEN

to

prompt

with:

DESTINATION ON x THEN TYPE RETURN

Place

new

diskette

into

drive

x;

type

return

when

ready.

FUNCTION COMPLETE

New diskette is initialized in drive

x.

The

"DESTINATION"

prompt

will

be

repeated

until a single

carriage

31

return is typed at the

console,

so that

more

than one disk can be

initialized.

Upon

completion

of a

successful

system

generation,

the new

diskette

contains

the

operating

system,

and

only

the

built-in

commands

are

available. A factory-fresh IBM-compatible diskette appears to CP/M as

a diskette with an empty directory; therefore, the operator must copy

the

approprite

COM

files

from

an

existing

CP/M

diskette

to the

newly

constructed

diskette using the PIP transient.

The

user

can

copy

all

files

from

an

existing

diskette

by

typing

the

PIP command

PIP B:=A: *.*[V] <cr>

•'•

•

which

copies

all

files

from

disk

drive

A to

disk

drive

B, and

verifies

that

each

file

has

been

copied

correctly.

The

name

of

each

file

is

displayed at the console as the copy operation proceeds.

It

should

be

noted

that a SYSGEN

does

not

destroy

the

files

which already exist on a diskette; it results only in construction of a new operating system. Further, if a diskette is being used only on drives B through D, and will never be the source of a bootstrap operation on drive

A, the

SYSGEN

need

not

take

place.

In

fact,

a new

diskette

needs

absolutely no initialization to be

used

with CP/M.

3.6.7 SUBMIT ufn

parm#1...

parm//n

<cr>

The

SUBMIT

command

allows

CP/M

commands

to be

batched

together

for

automatic

processing.

The ufn

given

in the

SUBMIT

command

must

be the

filename

of a

file

which

exists

on the

currently

logged

disk,

With

an

^assumed

file

type

of

"SUB."

The

S-UB

file

contains

CP/M

prototype

commands,

with

possible

parameter

substitution,

the'actual

parameters

parm//1...parm//n

are

substituted

intb

the

prototype

commands,

and,

if

no

errors

occur,

the

file

of

substituted

commands

are

procssed

sequentially by CP/M.

The

prototype

command

file

is

created

using

the ED

program,

with

interspersed

"$"

parameters of the form •

$1 $2 $3 ... $n

corresponding to the number of actual parameters which will be

included

when

the

file

is

submitted

for

executed,

the

actual

parametes

parm//1...parm//n

are paired with the formal parameters $1...$n in the

prototype commands. If thenumber of forma and actual parameters does

not correspond, then the submit function is

abortedwith

an error

32

message

at the

console.

The

SUBMIT

function

creates a file

of

substituted

commands

with

the nae

$$$.SUB

on the

logged

disk.

When

the

system

reboots

(at the

termination

of

the

SUBMIT),

this

comnand

file

is

read

by the

CCP

as a

source

of

input,

rather

than

the

console.

If the

SUBMIT

function

is

performed

on any

disk

other

than

drive

A, the

commands

are not

processed

until

the disk is inserted into drive A and the system reboots. Further,

the

user

can

abort

command

processing

at any

time

by

typing a rubout

when

the

command

is

read

and

echoed.

In

this

case,

the

$$$.SUB

file

is

removed,

and the

subsequent

commands

come

from

the

console.

Command

processing is also aborted if the CCP detects an error in any of the

commands.

Programs

which execute under CP/M can abort processing of

cpmmand

files

when

error

conditions

occur

by

simply

erasing

any

existing

$$$.SUB

file.

In

order

to

introduce

dollar

signs

into a SUBMIT

file,

the

user

may

type a "$$"

which

reduces

to a

single

"$"

within

the

command

file.

Further, an

up-arrow

symbol

"~"

may precede an alphabetic character

x,

which

produces a single

ctl-x

character

within

the

file.

The

last

command

in a

SUB

file

can

initiate

another

SUB

file,

thus

allowing chained batch commands.

Suppose

the

file

ASMBL.SUB

exists

on

disk

and

contains

the

prototype

commands

ASM

$1

.

v

DIR

$1.*

:

ERA *.BAK

PIP $2:=$1.PRN

ERA $1.PRN

and the command SUBMIT ASMBL X PRN

<cr>

is

issued

by the

operator.

The

SUBMIT

program

reads

the

ASMBL.SUB

file, substituing "X" for all occurrences of $1 and "PRN" for all

occurrences

of $2,

resulting

in a

$$$.SUB

file

containing

the

commands

ASM X

DIR

X.»

ERA *.BAK

PIP PRN:=X.PRN

ERA X.PRN

33

which are executed in sequence by the CCP.

The

SUBMIT

function

can

access

a SUB

file

which

is on an

alternate

drive

by

preceding

the

file

name

by a

drive

name.

Submitted

files

are

only

acted

upon,

however,

when

they

appear

on

drive

A.

Thus,

it is

possible

to

create a submitted

file

on

drive B which

is

executed

at a

later

time

when

it is

inserted

in

drive

A.

3.6.8

DUMP

ufn

<cr>

The

DUMP

program

types

the

contents

of the

disk

file

(ufn)

at the

console

in

hexadecimal

form.

The

file

contents

are

listed

sixteen

bytes

at a

time,

with

the

absolute

byte

address

listed

to the

left

of

each

line

in

hexadeciaml.

Long

typeouts

can be

aborted

by

pushing

the

rubout

key

during

printout.

(The

source

listing

of the

DUMP

program

is given in the

"CP/M

Interface Guide" as an example of a program

writen for the CP/M environment.)

3.6.9

MOVCPM

<cr>

The

MOVCPM

program

allows

the

user

to

reconfigure

the

CP/M

system

for

any

particular

memory

size.

Two

optional

parameters

may be

used

to

indicate (1) the desired size of the new system and (2) the

disposition

of the new

system

at

program

termination.

If the

first

parameter

is

omitted

or a

"*"

is

given,

the

MOVCPM

program

will

reconfigure

the

system

to its

maximum

size,

based

upon

the

kilobytes

of

contiguous

RAM

in the

host

system

(starting

at

OOOOH).

If the

second parameter is omitted, the system is executed, but not

permanently

recorded;

if

"*"

is

given,

the

system

is

left

in

memory,

ready

for a

SYSGEN

operation.

The

MOVCPM

program

relocates a memory

image

of

CP/M

and

places

this

image

in

memory

in

preparation

for a

system

generation

operation.

The

command

forms

are:

MOVCPM <cr>

MOVCPM n <cr>

MOVCPM

* *

<cr>

Relocate and execute CP/M for management of the

current memory configuration (memory is examined for contiguous

RAM,

starting

at

100H).

Upon

completion

of the relocation, the new system is executed but

not permanently recorded on the diskette.

Create a relocated CP/M system for management of an n kilobyte system (n must be in the range 16 to

64),

and execute the system, as described above.

Construct a relocated

memory

image

for the

current

memory

configuration,

but leave the memory image in

memory,

in

preparation

for a

SYSGEN

operation.

MOVCPM

n *

<cr>

Construct a relocated

memory

image

for an n

kilobyte

memory system, and leave the memory image in

preparation

for a

SYSGEN

operation.

The command

MOVCPM

* *

<cr>

for example, cnstructs a new version of the CP/M system and leaves it

in

memory,

ready

for a

SYSGEN

operation.

The

message

READY FOR "SYSGEN" OR

"SAVE 32

CPMxx.COM"

is printed at the console upon completion, where xx is the current

memory

size

in

kilobytes.

The

operator

can

then

type

SYSGEN <cr>

Start the system generation.

SOURCE DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO SKIP)

Respond with a <cr> to skip the CP/M read operation since the

system

is already in memory as a result of the previous MOVCPM operation.

DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)

Respond with B to write new system to the diskette in drive B. SYSGEN will prompt with:

DESTINATION ON B, THEN TYPE RETURN

Ready the fresh diskette on drive B and tpe a return when ready;

Note that if you respond with "A" rather than "B" above, the system

will be written to drive A rather than B. SYSGEN will continue to type

the prompt:

DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)

until the operator responds with a single carriage return, which stops

the SYSGEN program with a system reboot.

The user can then go through the reboot process with the old or new

diskette. Instead of performing

th

SYSGEN operation, the user could

have typed

SAVE 32 CPMxx.COM <cr>

at

the completion of

the

MOVCPM function, which would place the CP/M

35

*f

'•••.

memory image on the currently logged disk in a form which can be

;%l

"patched." This is necessary when operating in non-standard

Iji

environment

where

the

BIOS

must

be

altered

for a

particular

peripheral

H

device configuration, as described in the

"CP/M

System Alteration

:

3

Guide."

""V*

'.v'5

«i

•

,

J|

Valid

MOVCPM

command

are

given

below:

1

MOVCPM

H8

<cr>

Construct a 18K

version

of

CP/M

and

start

execution.

'

-3

•.,'4

' .

IW

If

MOVCPM

48 * <cr>

Construct a M8K

version

of

CP/M

in

preparation

for

J

permanent recording; response is

£

READY FOR

"SYGEN"

OR

1 '

.

•

"SAVE

32

CPM48.COM"

;

';'S

ii;

— MOVCPM * * <cr> Construct a maximum memory version of CP/M and start

execution.

y

It is important to note that the newly created system is

serialized

1 with the number attached to the original diskette and is subject to

?:

the conditions of the Digital Research Software Licensing

Agreement.

i

3.7

BDOS

Error Messages

:

?

S

There are three error situations which the Basic Disk Operating System

'J

intercepts

during

file

processing.

When

one of

these

conditions

is

detected,

the

BDOS

prinnts

the

message:

BDOS

ERR ON

x:error

where

x is the

drive

name,

and

"error"

is one of the

three

error

messages:

BAD SECTOR SELECT

READ ONLY

THE

"BAD

SECTOR"

message

indicates

that

the

disk

controller

electronics has detected an error condition in reading or writing the

diskette. This condition is generally due to a malfunctioning disk

controller,

or an

extremely

worn

diskette.

If you

find

that

your

system

reports

this

error

more

than

once a month,

you

should

check

the

state

of

your

controller

electronics,

and the

condition

of

your

media.

You may also encounter this condition in reading files generated by a

controller

produced

by a

different

manufacturer.

Even

though

controllers are claimed to be IBM-compatible, one often finds small

36

differenes

in

reording

formats.

The

MDS-800

controller,

for

example,

requires two bytes of one's following the data CRC byte, which is not required in the IBM format. As a result, diskettes generated by the

Intel

MDS

can be read by almost all other IBM-compatible systems,

while disk files generated on other

manufacture's

equipment

will

produce

the

"BAD

SECTOR"

message

when

read

by the

MDS.

In any

case,

recovery

from

this

condition

is

accomplished

by

typing a ctl-C

to

reboot (this is the

safest!),

or a return, which

simply

ignores the

bad sector in the file operation. Note, however, that typing a return may destory your diskette integrity if the operation is a directory

write,

so

make

sure

you

have

adequate

backups

in

this

case.

The

"SELECT"

error

occurs

when

there

is an

attempt

to

address a drive

beyond

the A

through D range.

In

this

case,

the

value

of x in the

error message gives the selected drive The system reboots

following

any input from the console.

The

"READ

ONLY"

message

occurs

when

there

is an

attempt

to

write

to a

diskette

which

has

been

designated

as

read-only

in a

STAT

command,

or

has

been

set to

read-only

by the

BDOS.

In

general,

the

operator

should

reboot

CP/M

either

by

using

the

warm

start

procedure

(ctl-C)

or

by

performing a cold

start

whenever

the

diskettes

are

changed.

If a

changed

diskette

is to be

read

but not

written,

BDOS

allows

the

diskette

to be

changed

without

the

warm

or

cold

start,

but

internally

marks

the drive as read-only. The status of the drive is subsequently

changed

to

read/write

if a

warm

or

cold

start

occurs.

Upon

issuing

this

message,

CP/M

waits

for

input

from

the

console.

An

automatic

warm

start takes place following any input.

37

SECTION IV

TPC-2000 SOFTWARE UTILITIES

REFORM

The

REFORM

utility

prepares

a new

diskette

for use in

your

TPC-2000

in

either

IBM

standard

single

density

format

or

TATUNG

double

density

format.

REFORM

initializes

the new

diskette

by

writing a known

pattern

of

information

on

every

sector

of the

diskette

and

tests

diskette

surface usability before you try to store data on it.

It is necessary to format a diskette prior to use unless it has been

formatted

by the

supplier

with

the

correct

format.

Because

TATUNG

format is unique, all double density diskettes are destroyed by a bad

program function or by a transient magnetic fluctuation.

NOTE

The

REFORM

utility

will

erase

all

data

on a

diskette

with

ho

checks

prior to operating. Be sure that the diskette being reformatted is

really

the

diskette

you

want

to

reformat.

First,

type

REFORM

system

prompt

on the

console.

After

loading

the

program

to

main

memory

you

will

see a

menu

display

on

console as shown below:

A>REFORM<cr>

TATUNG.

TPC-2000

SYSTEM

FORMAT

ROUTINE

VERSION

2.22

1. 8" SINGLE SIDE, SINGLE DENSITY FORMAT

2. 5.25" SINGLE SIDE, 96

TPI

FORMAT

3. 5.25" DOUBLE SIDE, 96 TPI FORMAT

4. 8" SINGLE SIDE, DOUBLE DENSITY FORMAT

5. 8" DOUBLE SIDE, DOUBLE DENSITY FORMAT

6. RESERVED

7. END THIS PROGRAM

SELECT FORMAT OPTION BY NUMBER:

where

38

number

1.

means

8"

single

side,

single

density

format

diskette

number

2.

means

5.25"

single

side,

96

TPI

format

diskette

number

3.

means

5.25"

double

side,

96 TPI

format

diskette

number

4.

means

8"

single side,

double

density

format

diskette

number

5.

means

8"

double

side,

double

density

format

diskette

number 6. means reserved for future use

Simply

select

the

required

function

by

number,

the

console

will

display

"INPUT

DRIVE

NAME

(A,B,C,D):".

After

entering

the

drive

name

and

typing

<cr>.

The

REFORM

program

will

then

request

that

the

diskette

to be

formatted

be

placed

in the

selected

drive.

Once

the

diskette

is

installed,

enter

<cr>

and the

reformatting

process

will

begin.

Now

a

message

indicateing

track

number

is

displayed

on

screen.

After

the

first

disk

has

been

formatted,

change

to a

fresh

disk

and

press

<cr>.

the

program

will

repeat

the

Remember,

do not try to write on a new disk until it has been formatted, or you

might

get a

BDOS

error.

TATUNG

TPC-2000

REFORM

program

has

auto-mode

feature,

that

means

user

need

not use

MODE

utility

to set

drive

mode

before

any

attemption

to

perform

reformation

on 8"

diskettes.

Table 4-1 Disk Format Set For TPC-2000

MODE

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

DISK TYPE

VTRTHAI

V X II i U/lLj

8"

5 1/4"

5

1/4"

8" 8"

HARD DISK

SIDE

SINGLE SINGLE

DOUBLE

SINGLE

DOUBLE

DENSITY

SINGLE

DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE

TRACK

/DISK

77

80

160

77

154

SECTOR

/TRACK

otr

£

256

26

9

9 16 16

BYTE/

SECTOR

1

OD

I<£O

128

512 512 512

512

FORMATTED

CAPACITY

256 K 243 K

350 K 710 K 616 K

1232 K

4.2

DCHECK

After a diskette is formatted, you may need DCHECK program to ensure

that the diskette has been successfully formatted.

First,

type DCHECK next to the system prompt on the console, a few

seconds later working menu will display on the screen

as

shown below:

A>DCHECK <cr>

39

..... TATUNG MCS SYSTEM DCHECK ROUTINE .....

VERSION 2.0

:

1. CHECK 8" SINGLE SIDE, SINGLE DENSITY DISKETTE

'

2. CHECK 5.25" SINGLE SIDE, 96

TPI

DISKETTE

3. CHECK 5.25" DOUBLE SIDE, 96

TPT

DISKETTE

4.

CHECK 8" SINGLE SIDE, DOUBLE DENSITY DISKETTE

5. CHECK 8" DOUBLE SIDE, DOUBLE DENSITY DISKETTE

6. END THIS ROUTINE :

PLEASE MAKE SELECTION

:

When

you

press

selected

number,

then

system

ask you to key in

drive

name

(A, B, C or

D),

and

video

screen

will

display

"DISKETTE

CHECKING

NOW", then you can see the track number which is checking on the

screen,

this

indicate

that

DCHECK

program

is

working

and

reading

sector

by

sector.

When a track

is

read completely,

DCHECK

will

display

track

number

to

point

out

this

track

format

is

correct.

Otherwise, a error

message will be displayed on screen

its

format is shown as below. This

test

takes

about 2 minutes,

wait

until

it

completed

or

error

occur.

If error occurs, screen will display the following message:

PERMANENT DISK ERROR, TRACK tt, SECTOR ss, STATUS xx

where

tt and ss are the

track

number

and

sector

number

which

is

error

and

status

xx

indicates

the

nature

of the

error

(Refer

to

Appendix

F).

In

this

case

you

must

reformat

this

diskette

again.

When

all

tracks

are

checked

correctly, a message

is

displayed

as

below:

FUNCTION COMPLETE

PLEASE INSERT SYSTEM DISKETTE IN DRIVE A: THEN TYPE RETURN

it

means

that

diskette

has no

permanent

error,

and

DCHECK

Utility waiting for you to check whether system diskette is in drive A, then type

RETURN

to

return

to

system.

MODE

The

MODE

utility

is

designed

for the

programmer

to

access

different

disk format ( 5.25" double side, 8" single side single density and 8"

double side double density).

It is generally used when running a 5.25" double density system and it

^^^^.'•r^r^^-^P'1;:^1''^^"""^'n^^

is necessary to read or write a 8" single density or double density

diskette.

The format of the command is :

MODE d n<cr>

Where

"d" is

drive

letter

( A, B, C, or D )

"n"

is mode code

mode codes could be :

1. 8" single side, single density format

2.

5.25" single side, 96 TPI format

3 5.25" double side, 96 TPI format

4.

8" single side, double density format

5. 8" double side, double density format

DCOPY .

It is

strongly

recommanded

that

you

make

backup

copies

of all

your

disks.

If a

disk

becomes

damaged

or if

files

are

accidentally

erased,

you

will

still

have

all of the

information

on

your

backup

disk.

You can

back

up

disks

by

using

the

TATUNG

TPC-2000

DCOPY

command.

This

command is described below.

The

DCOPY

utility

copies

all the

information

on one

diskette

to

another

diskette, including the CP/M V2.2 system tracks if they are present on

the

source

diskette.

Before

copying

to a

brand-new

diskette,

you

must

first

prepare

it

with

the

REFORM

utility.

If you

copy

to a

used

diskette,

DCOPY

writes

all the

information

from

the

source

diskette

over the

information

on the destination diskette.

This

utility

can not be

used

to

copy a single

density

diskette

to a

double density diskette or a double density diskette to a single

density

diskette,

this

means

both

diskettes

must

be

formatted

to the

same

type.

They

must

both

be 8" or

5.25",

single-side

or

double-side

and

single-density

or

double-density

diskettes.

To

successfully

copy

from

one

disk

to

another,

you

must

make

sure

that

your

destination

diskette

is not

write-protected.

Check

that

there

is no foil tab covering the write enable notch on the edge of your 5.25" diskette or there is foil tab covering the write protect notch on the

edge of your 8" diskette before

inserting

the diskette into the

destination drive. The

first

step

to use

this

utility

is to

type

DCOPY

<cr>

system prompt, and you will see screen displayed as follow :

A>DCOPY

<cr>

TATUNG

TPC-2000

DISK COPY PROGRAM V2.22

1 8" SINGLE SIDE, SINGLE DENSITY

2 5.25" SINGLE SIDE, 96

TPI

3 5.25" DOUBLE SIDE, 96 TPI

4

8" SINGLE SIDE, DOUBLE DENSITY

5 8" DOUBLE SIDE, DOUBLE DENSITY

SELECT BY NUMBER

:

Simply select the required function by number, then screen displayed as

shown below :

1. COPY SYSTEM

2. COPY DATA

3-

COPY ALL

SELECT BY NUMBER

:

The first form of the command copies the SYSTEM tracks from drive m to

drive n. Note that for 8" format in

TPC-2000,

there is no reserved

track for system, so mode U and mode 5 just can select either copy data

or copy all. The second form copies the non-system tracks from drive m

to drive n. The last form copies all tracks from drive m to drive n.

Where "m" and "n" are drive letter (A, B, C, or

D).

After you press selected form number,

DCOPY

utility will ask you which

drive is source drive and which drive is destination drive. Now, screen

displayed like this:

SOURCE

DRIVE(A,B,C,D)

:m

DESTINATION

DRIVE(A,B,C,D)

:n

SOURCE ON m DESTINATION ON n

INSERT DISK AND TYPE <CR> WHEN READY

Now you may check procedure of DCOPY utility following upper message

and correct any mistake, then press RETURN to continue this routine.

During the copy operating screen will display operation mode and track

number to indicate which procedure is doing now, the message is

displayed like this:

READ : nn

WRITE : nn

VERIFY : nn

When

copy

operation

is

completed,

screen

display

like

this:

DCOPY COMPLETE

INSERT SYSTEM DISKETTE THEN TYPE <CR> WHEN READY

This

means

DCOPY

wait

for you to

check

whether

system

diskette

in

drive

A

then

press

RETURN

to

return

to

system.

If

your

TPC-2000

has

only

one

diskette

drive.

DCOPY

keeps

track

of

whether the source or the destination diskette should be in the drive.

DCOPY

sends

messages

to the

screen

when

it

needs

you to

remove

one

diskette and insert the other.

DCOPY

is an

exact

track-for-track,

sector-for-sector

copy

utility,

and

is the

fastest

way

to

copy

an

entire

diskette.

However,

if

many

files

have been created and erased on the source diskette, the records

belonging

to a

particular

file

may be

randomly

placed

on the

diskette.

In

this

case,

it may be

more

efficient

(although

slower)

to use PIP to

copy the files and thus to put all the records in sequential order on

the new diskette.

SETUP

The

SETUP

commands

is

used

to

update

the

bootstrap

loader

to set two

parameters:

the

printer

baud

rate

(bit

per

second)

and the

system

density.

The

operation

of

this

command

is

described

as

follows:

A>SETUP<cr>

'••••'•

TATUNG

MCS COMPUTER SYSTEM

BOOT SETUP PROGRAM, VERSION 2.2

SELECT

PRINTER

BAUD

RATE

FROM

FOLLOWING

LIST

0 CENTRONIX PRINTER (PARALLEL PORT)

1 110 BAUD

2 300 BAUD

3 600 BAUD 4 1200 BAUD

5

2MOO

BAUD

6

M800

BAUD

7

9600

BAUD

8

19200

BAUD

Now,

SETUP

program

wait

for you to

make

choice.

You can

choose

from

0

to 8 to

match

your

printer's

baud

rate,

then

screen

display

as

follow:

SELECT DEFAULT MODE FOR DRIVE

A,B

1.

8" SINGLE SIDE, SINGLE DENSITY

2. 5.25" SINGLE SIDE, 96TPI

3. 5.25" DOUBLE SIDE, 96TPI •

1.

8" SINGLE

SIDE,

DOUBLE DENSITY

5. 8" DOUBLE SIDE, DOUBLE DENSITY

SELECT BY NUMBER:

After

you

make

selection

CRT

display

as

follow:

SELECT DEFAULT MODE FOR DRIVE C,D

1.

8" SINGLE SIDE, SINGLE DENSITY

2. 5.25" SINGLE SIDE, 96TPI

3. 5.25" DOUBLE SIDE, 96TPI

4.

8" SINGLE SIDE, DOUBLE DENSITY

5. 8" DOUBLE

SIDE,

DOUBLE DENSITY

SELECT BY NUMBER:

At

this

time,

you can

select

drive

mode

of

drive

C and D. If you

have

not

drive

C and D

depress

<cr>

to

ignore

this

part,

then

CRT

display

as

follow:

INPUT DESTINATION DRIVE NAME:

Now,

you

must

insert

diskette,

which

you

want

update

bootstrap,

into

drive.

Depress

drive

name

(A,B,C

or D) of

this

drive,

SETUP

program

will

update

bootstrap

on

diskette

of

selected

drive,

when

procedure

is

complete,

message " CP/M

BOOT SECTOR

SUCCESSFUL

UPDATE " will

display

on screen and return to system.

MTS

The MTS program tests a specified range of memory. It asks the user for

a range which must begin no lower then

0500H

(MTS program location) and

no higher than E200H

(CBIOS

starting address).

The reads and writes each bit cell and displays a count for each

successful pass through the range. If a faulty bit is located, the

address and its corresponding bit pattern are displayed on the screen.

The detail description of this procedure are shown as below:

1. Insert into the disk drive A: a diskette containing the CP/M system

program and the file MTS.COM. MTS is the Memory Test System program.

2. Type "MTS

<cr>"

on the keyboard.

3. The console will display:

Memory

Test

Ver 1.0

Range

-

The proper response for is

"500,E200".

M.

The console will begin displaying a message "OK" and a slowly

counting string of numbers.

5.

Allow

the

test

to run for at

least

one

full

line,

if no

difficulties

are encountered.

6. If a bad

memory

cell

is

encountered,

the

system

will

display

a

.

>••

series

of

numbers

from

which

the bad

circuit

chip

can be

identified.

4.7

CRTEST

>

The CRTEST program is a demostration program to test

TPC-200.0

monitor

performance. When you press CRTEST<cr> at command line then you will

see sixteen combinations of HALF BRIGHT, INVERSE VIDEO, UNDER LINE and

. BLINKING. A message, "TYPE <ESC> TO RETURN SYSTEM", will display at

23th line of screen.

If you want return system from CRTEST just only press <ESC> then warm

start is being executed.

4.8

FUNCTION

The

FUNCTION

Utility

lets

user

assigns

any

function

he

wants

to any of

his

TPC-2000

personal computer function and numeric keypad keys. For

example, if you want the Function key labelled F2 to display for drive

B

when

you

press

F2,

then

you

must

assign

the

directory

command

to the

F2 key

using

the

FUNCTION

Utility.

When

invoked,

FUNCTION

first

display

a

list

of all the

function

keys

and any

current

function

key

assignments,

this

menu

is

shown

like

this:

TPC-2000

FUNCTION

UTILITY V 2.02

DATE

mm/dd/yy

FUNCTION KEY F1 DEFAULT:

DIR<CR>

FUNCTION KEY

F2

DEFAULT:

DIR

B:<CR>

FUNCTION KEY F3 DEFAULT: STAT<CR>

FUNCTION KEY

F4

DEFAULT: STAT B:<CR>

FUNCTION KEY F5 DEFAULT:

PIP<CR>

FUNCTION KEY F6 DEFAULT: PIP

B:=A:*.*<CR>

DO YOU WANT

MODIFY

(Y/N)

?

If you

satisfy

this

default

arrangement

then

press

"N"

to

exit

FUNCTION

program

and

create a data

file

named

F.DAT.

Otherwise,

press

"Y"

to

change default key functions.

After

enter

"Y"

screen

will

display a message

like

this:

FUNCTION

KEY

(F1-F6)

NUMBER

(1-6)

? ->

You

must

press

the

function

key

number

you

wish

to

program

or

reprogram.

Next,

prompt

jump

to

selected

function

and

clear

command

string

then

wait

for you to

enter

new

command

string.

You

must

enter

the

exact

command

you

want

the

specified

function

key to

reproduce*

Press

<ESC>

to

finish

programming

the

key.

The

screen

changes

to

show

the new

function

key

setting,

and

FUNCTION

display

"DO YOU

WANT

MODIFY

(Y/N)

?"

again and waits for you to press another function key.

;'•

•>'',•

. '

The

specified

command

for

function

keys

one

through

six can be Up to

sixteen characters long. '

COMMAND

PURPOSE

REFORM

DCHECK

MODE

DCOPY

SETUP

MTS

CRTEST

FUNCTION

Format disks for

TPC-2000

Check

errors

on

diskette

Set drive

type

and disk density

Copy disks

Set up

console

and

printer

baud

rate

Memory

test

Demostrate performance of monitor

Set TPC-2000 function keys

SECTION V

TPC-2000

HARDWARE

5.1

Serial

Port ( SIO

or

DART

)

The Z80A-SIO/Z80A-DART is a dual channel multi-function peripheral

component

designed

to

satisfy a wide

variety

of

serial

data

communications requirements in microcomputer system. Its basic function

is a

serial-to-parallel,

parallel-to-serial

converter/controller, but

within that role it is configurable by systems software so that its personality

can be

optimized

for a

given

serial

data

communications

application.

The

Z80A-SIO/Z80A-DART

in the

TPC-2000

is

used

to

drive

the

system

printer and keyboard. The printer port may be used for other serial

applications,

including a modem

interface

data

communications.

5.2 Parallel Port (

PIO

)

The

Z80A-Parallel

I/O

(PIO)

circuit

is a

programmable,

two

port

device

which provides a

TTL

compatible interface between peripheral devices

and the

Z80A-CPU.

The

CPU

can

configure

the

Z80A-PIO

to

interface

with

a wide range of peripheral devices with no other external logic

required. Typical peripheral devices that are fully compatible with the

Z80A-PIO

include

most

keyboards,

printer,

etc.

The

Z80A-PIO

utilizes

N

channel

silicon

gate

depletion

load

technology

and is

packaged

in a

40

DIP.

The

TPC-2000

has two

ZSOA-PIOs

(each

containing

two

ports).

One PIO is

used to control the diskette and CRT operations. The other is connected

to the external parallel connector and may be used to drive a printer,

or any other parallel interface device.

5.3 Counter Timer Circuit

(CTC)

The

Z80A

Counter

Timer

Circuit

(CTC)

is a

programmable

component

with

four independent channels that provide counting and timing functions

for microcomputer systems based on the

Z80A-CPU.

The CPU can configure

the CTC channels to operate under various modes and conditions as

required to interface with a wide range of devices. In most applications,

little

or no

external

logic

is

required.

The

Z80A-CTC utilizes N channel silicon gate depletion load technology and is packaged in a 28 pin DIP.

The TPC-2000 has one CTC with four channels. Channel 0 through 2 are used

by the

system

to

control

baud

rates

and

head

load

delay

times.

The

fourth channel is available for the user and could provide the services

of an interval tinier or a real time clock.

5.4 Floppy Disk Formatter/Controller

(FDC)

It is a programmable floppy disk formatter/controller that interfaces a

floppy disk drive directly to a computer interface bus, and provides

soft sector formatting.

5.5 CRT

Controller

(CRTC)

-

.'....

The

CRTC

of

TPC-2000

is

SY6545,

it is the

heart

of

video

display

control. That has alphanumeric and limited graphics capabilities, fully

programmable

display,(rows,

columns, blanking, etc.) fully programmable

cursor

and

capable

of

addressing

up to 16K

character

refresh

RAM.,.

5.6 Serial Keyboard Encoder

(SKE)

The

MM57499

keyboard

encoder,

an

NMOS

silicon

gate

technology

device,

is

designed

to be a

minimum

1C

solution

for the

purpose

of

interfacing

detached keyboards to terminals. It can reduce the usual 18 to 24-wire

keyboard to terminal interconnection to a

5-wire

connection.

The 96-key operation is a simple direct interface to 12 X 8 matrix

keyboard. The additional capability of a

114-key

option can be obtained

by implementing an inexpensive 4 to 12-line decoder

1C

between the

MM57499

and a 12 X 12 matrix keyboard. If fewer than 96 or 144 keys are

used, no connection is required in the matrix at the unused key

locations.

1

18

SECTION VI

KEYBOARD

The keyboard consists of four main keypads and three LED indicators:

1)

NUMERIC KEYPADS

2) ALPHANUMERIC KEYPADS

;

3) LED INDICATORS

'

•'"•:

4) SPECIAL FUNCTION KEYPADS

LOCAl

DUCT

f4 ft F6

PROG SHIFT CAP

H

1

TAB

CTRL

•

Q

A

•

W

s

$

E

0

*

K

F

A

T

G-

&

7

Y

H

g

u

I

i

t

i

K

1

0

o

L

-

r

\

„

\

'

»

II

_r

_

BACK

1

STACC

\

:l

,! RETURN

'

11

MC.*

OCL

SHIFT j

z

ISMIFI

[IOCK

X

C

V

B

N

M

< >

1

SPACE

.

j

'

1

'.j

SHIFT

c*n

LOCK

LMt

rtco

Figure 6-1

TPC-2000

Standard Keyboard

Layout

. .

,o

6,1,

Numeric Pad

Functions:

«

.•••'

..

.

The numeric keypad enters numbers in calculator fashion. Each key generates the same character as the corresponding numeric key on

the

alphanumeric

keypad.

These

keys

are not

affected

by

SHIFT,

CAPS

LOCK

or

CONTROL

keys.

-• • '..

.-:-.

The

ENTER

key

generates

the

termination

character

same

as

LINE

FEED

key on alphanumeric keypad.

i •• ' .

.

•

' M \

• ' ,

'•

' • . '

.

The TAB key generates the same code as TAB key on the

alphanumeric

keypad . ••••,•.-,;..

,

There are five edit function keys LINE

INS,

LINE DEL, CHAR INS,

CHAB

DEL and INS OFF which will be discuss in section

6A2.

The numeric pad keys are shown as below.

.

UNf

INI

7

4

1

iim

on.

•

S

a

0

CMAH

INS

9

•

3

•

CMAH

on.

TAB

Dfl

INS

orr

E

N

T E R

1

•

Figure 6-2 Numerical Keypad

6.2 Alphanumeric Keypad

6.2.1

General

\

The alphanumeric key ( A-Z, punctuation, and

shiftable

numeric keys)

are arranged and like the familiar standard typewriter layout,

function as such. These keys generate ASCII codes to the computer.

6.2.2 RESET

Press RESET key causes the

TPC-2000

to revert to the initial

"power

on" condition.

6.2.3 SPACE BAR

This key transmits a SP code(20H). If received, it

causes

the

character at the cursor position to be erased and the cursor advances

right

one

character

position.

After

the

cursor

reaches

the

last

character

position

of the

currently-occupied

line,

it

moves

to the

down.

When

the

cursor

reaches

the

last

character

position

on

the

bottom

display

line,

further

movement

causes

it to

return

to

first

position of next line and screen scroll up one line.

6.2.4

SHIFT -

This

key is

used

to

change

the

typewriter

alphanumeric

characters

from

lowercase

to

uppercase

in the

ALL-CHAR

mode.

It

always

selects

the

upper legend on non-alphanumeric keys.

6.2.5 CTRL

When

pressed

simultaneously

with

another

key,

it

transmits a code

that

has a

special

meaning

to

system

( See

section

6.5.3

).

50

6.2.6

ESC

This

key

transmits

a ESC

code

(1BH).

Depression

of

ESC,

followed

by an

alphanumeric or symbol key, cause the TPC-2000 to perform an Escape

function as described in section 6.5.

>

,

.

6.2.7

DEL

When this key is depressed, it transmits a code (7FH). This code is

ignored by the system if received.

6.2.8 BREAK

this

key

transmits a code

(FFH).

6.3 LED Indicator:

:•••

Figure 6-3 LED Indicator

-

•

6.3.1

Programmable Phrase

In

many

terminal

applications a certain

word,

phrase,

name,

title,

etc. is required periodically. It may also be necessary that indent

spacing or a predetermined tab sequence be

recalled.

• • •

'',.

. . • • ' -

•

i t .•

The TPC-2000 key board has the unique capability of

storing

up to

14

characters of key data, whether they actually be key characters or

control codes.

The programming steps are : . .

•

5V

1

CONTROL

ESC

(the

LED

indicator

of

PROG

will

turn

on)

2 Program-up to 14 key strokes

• 3

CONTROL

SEMICOLON,

(the

LED

indicator

of

PROG

will

turn

off)

.•,-•.••

4 For

additional

recalls

of

memory

key

CONTROL

SEMICOLON

5 For

reprogramming,

repeat steps

1,2,3

above

Until

the

CONTROL

SEMICOLON

is

pressed,

the key

board

will

remain

in

programming mode

If the

14

key stroke limit is inadvertently exceeded and additional

key

strokes

are

entered,

the

TPC-2000

will

give

you a

"BEEP"

sound.

A

power

down

or a

RESET

operation

will

also

clear

the

memory.

» ' •

, ' • ' i

'• 1 '; .

'

6.3.2 SHIFT

LOG

When

the

SHIFT

LOG

is

pressed,

the

LED

indicator

of

"SHIFT1 will

turn

on, system will wait for another key input and halt display output

(same as type

~S),.

if CP/M is running and all appropriate characters

are

shifted.

A

second

depression

of the

SHIFT

LOG

key

will

turn

off

"SHIFT"

LED

indicator

and

lower

case

ASCII

is

again

transmitted.

6.3.3

CAP

LOG

The CAP

LOG

mode will capitalize alphabet and appropriate key, and simultaneously turn on "CAP" LED indicator, system will wait for another key input and halt display output (same as type

~S)

if CP/M is

running, a second depression of the CAP

LOG

key transits a CAP

LOG

off

signal to turn of "CAP" LED indicator and the key board

is

returned to

normal

.

When

more

than

one

mode

is

entered

coincidental

ly

refer

to the key

codes

for

mode dominance.

6.3.4

LOCAL

The

only

alternate

key on the

key

board

is

"LOCAL"

key,

it is

available

only

when

the bit 3

(ON/OFF

LINE

mode)

of the DIP SW on

rear

panel

is ON

(OFF

LINE

mode).

In

this

situation,

press

LOCAL

key to

switch

between

ON

LINE

mode

and OFF

LINE

mode.

. •' . -

-.

. -

^

,-,'.'-•', v .

'

!

6.4 Special Function Keypads

6.4.1 Cursor Movement:

•

'

.

•

The cursor movement key are shown as below

52

! BACK

<—

~>

!..

v

, TAB HOME LF SPACE RETURN ENTER

<-- CURSOR LEFT ESC BS

.Depression

of

this

key

moves

the

cursor

to

the

left.

.

If the

cursor

at the first character position on a line, the cursor

moves

to the

last

character

on the

line

above

and

upon

reaching

home,

moves

to the

last

position

on the

last

line.

—>

CURSOR RIGHT ESC

OLE

Depression of

this,

key

moves

the cursor to the next character

position.

When

the

cursor

reaches

the

last

character

position

on the

line,

it

moves

to the

first

position

at the

down.

When

the

cursor

reaches

the

position

on the

last

line,

it

moves

to the

home

position.

^

CURSOR UP ESC FF

jtf-

41.

Depression

of

this

key

moves

the

cursor

to the

same

character

position

at the

above,

upon

reaching

the top

line

the

cursor

moves

to

the

same

character

location

in the

botton

line.

^

CURSOR DOWN . ESC

VT

Depression

of

this

key

moves

the

cursor

to the

same

character

position

at the

down,

if on the

last

line,

the

cursor

moves

to the

same

character

position

on the

first

line.

TAB CURSOR TAB ESC ,

HT

The

TAB

key

moves

the

cursor

to the

position,

fixed

tab location occur each eight character position i.e. position

1,9,17...etc.

COLUMN BACK ESC

Moves

the

cursor

back

to 8 character

position

,

LF LINE FEED ESC

LF

.,.•

Depression

of

this

key

cause

the

cursor

to

move

down

one

line

while

occupying the same character position.

,

„

• •

,.

,

BACK

;;

.

(

SPACE

BACKSPACE

/

BS

53

This key is equivalent to the " <—

"key except the ASCII back space

code

is

transmitted

when

on

line.

RETURN

CARRIAGE RETURN CR

This

key

causes

the

cursor*

to

move

to

first

position

of the

current

line

while

in Off

Line

mode

(DIP

SW-b3

up).

If On

Line

mode

is oh

(DIP

SW-b3

down), the

cursor

advances to the beginning of the following

line.

HOME

CURSOR HOME

DC2

This

key

causes

the

cursor

to

move

to its

home

position.

"..:'."' " •

i

'•

ENTER ENTER

LF

This key duplicates the RETURN key.

6.4.2

Edit Functions

There are seven edit functions on

TPC-2000

keyboard.

DEL

INS CHAR LINE CHAR LINE CLEAR CLEAR

OFF INS INS DEL DEL EOL EOF

INSERT CHARACTER

CHAR

INS

ESC

STX

Depression of this key initiates the insert character mode all data on

the current line move one character position right of the cursor, as

new character are inserted at the cursor location data, at the end of

the

line are lost.

INSERT LINE

LINE

INS

ESC

ENQ

Depressing of this key causes data from the cursor occupied line on down to be moved one line lower. The cursor is positioned to the

beginning of the blank line which is created and data may then be

entered in that line as desired by the

opeator.

DELET CHARACTER

CHAR

DEL

ESC

SYN

2-3

This key causes the character at the current cursor position to be deleted. The remaining data from the cursor position to the end of the

line

moves

one

character

position

left

for

each

deleted

character,

spaces

for

each

deleted

character

are

added

at the end of the

line.

LINE

DELET

LINE , DEL ESC .

DC3

3 ^ A ^ •

This

key

cause the cursor-occupied line to be

deleted

and the

remaining

lines

below

to

move

up one

line.

DEL

INS

STOP INSERT MODE OFF ESC

SOH

Depression

of

this

key

will

stop

the

mode

you

just

in

Insert

mode.

CLEAR

ERASE END OF LINE EOL ESC -SI

^

7 4

*5"

•

This

key

cause

of

all

displayed

data

from

the

current

cursor

position

to the end of the line is erased.

CLEAR

ERASE

END OF

FRAME

EOF ESC CAN

•O.'l. 1 T

This

key

causes

erase

of all

displayed

data

from

the

current

cursor

position to the end of screen

CLEAR SCREEN RESET ESC FS

The

TPC-2000

may be

reset

from

keyboard,

you

press

the

RESET

key the

TPC-2000

memory

is

cleared

and the

program

is run

just

as if the

TPC-

2000

power

switch

has

been

turned

off and

then

back

on

when

this

feature

is

performed

the

contents

of the

screen

memory

are

erased.

6.5 Others

6.5.1 Visual Attributes

Associated keys are shown as below

ESC SP One character

First press ESC then press SPACE, after that you press one of the

following characters, you can get the attributer vision you desired on your

screen.

55

HALF BRIGHT

j h C A f d B

§ k i c I g e b H

xxxxxxxx

INVERSE VIDEO x x x x

X X X X

UNDER LINE

X X

XX

X X

BLINKING

From

the above table you can see the character

of

"@"

can turn back to

normal video vision

6.5.2

Function Key

The operation of the special function key is determined by the user.

F1

FORMAT: ESC

F2 FORMAT: ESC

F3 FORMAT: ESC

F4

FORMAT: ESC

F5 FORMAT: ESC

F6 FOMAT: ESC

NIL

1 any 16 characters ESC

NUL 2 any 16 characters

NUL

3 any 16 characters

NUL

any 16 characters

NUL 5 any 16 characters

NUL 6 any 16 characters

ESC

6.5.3 Control Character

Codes

• •

'

CONTROL

FUNITION:

To perform a control operation, depress the control key and hold this

key down while simultaneously typing the alphanumeric key. It is also

used as a safeguard for functions like LINE FEED, RETURN and others so

that the accidental striking of these keys does not destroy screen

contents or disrupt communications.

56

BELL

BACK SPACE

COLUMN TAB

LINE FEED

CARRIAGE RETURN

CURSOR RIGHT

*G

~H

1

"J

~M

«p

6.5.4 Summary

CHARACTER SEND

ESC

Read out a character from

cursor

address and transmit to HOST.

DIRECT CURSOR ADDRESSING

ESC

DC1

X Y

This

command

moves

the

active

positon

to the

position

specified,

wher.e

X : column number +

20H,

Y : row number + 20H

CURSOR SENSEING

Sense the cursor location

KEYBOARD LOCK

ESC

ENQ

NAK

The keyboard is disabled until keyboard unlock command is received.

KEYBOARD UNLOCK

ESC

ACK

The keyboard is enable after receiving the command

REVERSE ON ESC EM

Turn reverse video on

REVERSE OFF ESC US

Back to normal video screen vision

COLUMN BACK TAB ESC

57

CLEAR

SCREEN-^)

I]

0^

£ 4

£r

LOAD FROM HOST

RECEIVE FROM HOST

GOTO SPECIFIC ADDRESS

ESC

ETX

EOT

BEL

58

APPENDIX A

THE ASCII CHARACTER SET

The ASCII character set is listed here in numeric order with the corresponding

decimal,

hexadecimal, and octal values. The control characters are indicated

with a caret

(~).

For example, the horizontal tab (HT) is formed with control-

I

("I).

ASCII

symbol

NUL

SOH

STX

ETX

JOT

ENQ. ACK

BEL

BS

HT

LF

vr

FF CR

SO

SI

DLE DC1 DC2 DC3

~DC4~~

NAK

SYN

ETB

CAN

EM

SUB

ESC

\

FS

GS

RS

US SP

!

n I

$

%

&

i

Decimal

value

0

1

2

3 4

5

6

7

8 9

10 11 12 13

14 15

16

17

18

19

20

21 22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31 32

33

34

35 36

37

38 39

Hex

value

00 01

02

03

04 05

06 07

08

09

OA OB

OC

OD

OE OF

10 11

12 13

14 15

16

17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F

20

21 22

23 24

25 26

27

Octal

value

000 001 002 003

004 005

006 007

010 011 012

013

014 015

016

017 020

021 022

023

024 025

026

027 030

031 032

033 034

035 036

037 040

041

042 043

044 045

046 047

Control

character Meaning

~g

Null

"A Start of heading

~B

Start of text

"C

End of text

~D

End of transmission

~E

Inquiry

T

Acknowledge

~G

Bell

~H

Backspace

"I

Horizontal tab

~J

Line feed

~K

Vertical tab

*L

Form feed

~M

Carriage return

"N

Shift out •

"0

Shift in

~P

Data link escape

~Q

Device control 1

~R

Device control 2

~S

Device control 3

"T

Device control 4

~U

Negative acknowledge

"V

Synchronous idle

"W

End of transmission block

"X

Cancel

~Y

End of medium

~Z

Substitute

~[

Escape

*\

File separator

*]

Group separator

Record separator

Unit separator

Space

Apostrophe

59

ASCII

symbol

(

)

«

+

t

-

•

/

0

1

2

3

4

5 6

7 8

9

•

f

<

-

>

7

0

A

B

'

C D E F G

H

I

J

K L

M

N 0

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Decimal value

40

41 42

43 44

45 46

47 48

49

50 51

52

53

54

55 56

57

58

59 60

61 62

63 64

65 66

67 68

69

70

71

72 73

74

75 76

77

78

79

80 81

82

83 84

85

86 87

Hex

value

28

29

2A 2B

2C 2D

2E

2F

30 31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

3A 3B

3C

3D 3E

3F

40 41 42

43 44

45 46 47

48 49

4A

4B 4C 4D 4E

4F 50

51 52

53 54

55 56

57

Octal Control

value character Meaning

050

051

052

053

054 Comma 055 Minus

056

.

Period

057 060

061 062 063

064 065 066 067

070 071

072 073

074 075

076

077 080

081 082

083 084

085 086 087 090 091

092

093

094

095

096 097

120

121 122

123

124 125

126

127

60

ASCII

symbol

X Y Z

C

\

A

]

"%*

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

1

m

n o

P

q

r s t

u

V

w

X

y

Z

{

!

}

*••

DEL

Decimal value

88

89

90

91

92 93

94

95 96

97 98

99

100

101

102 103

101

105 106

107 108

109

110 111 112 113

114

115 116

117 118

119

120

121 122 123 121 125 126 127

Hex

value

58 59

5A

5B 5C 5D 5E

5F 60 61 62

63

64

65

66 67

68 69

6A

6B 6C 6D 6E 6F

70 71

72 73

74 75

76 77

78 79

7A 7B 7C 7D 7E

7F

Octal Control

value character Meaning

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137 Underline

140 141

142

143

144

145

146 147

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

160

161

162

163

164

165

166 167

170

171

172

173

174 175

176

177

Delete

61

APPENDIX B

INPUT/OUTPUT PORT ASSIGNMENT

PORT NO.

00

01

02

03 04 05

06 07

08

09 OA

OB

OC

OD

OE OF

10 11 12

13 14

15

16

17 18

19

1A 1B

icyM-^i/

1D

S//?A

^

1E

1F

20 21 22

23

SCHEMATIC

YO (CRTC)

YO

YO YO

Y1 (FD1793)

Y2 Y2 Y2

Y2 (PIO-CHA)

Y2 (PIO-CHB)

Y2 (PIO-CHA) Y2 (PIO-CHB) Y3 (CTC-CHO) Y3 (CTC-CH1)

Y3 (CTC-CH2)

Y3 (CTC-CH3) Y4 (PIO-CHA)

Y4 (PIO-CHB) Y4 (PIO-CHA) Y4 (PIO-CHB) Y5

Y5 Y5 Y5 Y6

(DIP

SW) Y6 Y6

Y6

/

Y7 (SIO-CHB)

il

(SIO-CHB)

Y7 (SIO-CHA)

YO (Virtual disk)

Y1 Y2 Y3

FUNCTION

Read: status Write: to CRTC register

Read: from selected register

Write: to selected register

Read: display RAM Write: display RAM

Read: status Write: command Read: track Write: track Read: sector Write: sector

Read: data Write: data

Read:

FD1793

interrupt

Write: floppy disk drive select, side select,

and recording density

Read : access data to CRTC

Write: master reset to

FD1793

Write command to channel A

Write command to channel B

Baud rate generator for console

Not used

Baud rate generator for keyboard

Not used

Parallel I/O port for printer status

Parallel I/O port to print out data

Write command to channel A

Write command to channel B

Reset EPROM containing the initialize program

Ring the bell

High resolution display

Text out display

See

"*"

Not used Not used

Not used

Read/Write data to serial I/O port ( RS-232C

)

Read : status

Write : command to serial I/O port channel B

Read : keyboard data

Write : keyboard indicator

Read : status

Write : command to serial I/O port channel A

Write track number

Write

sector number

62

DIPSW

8i7!6f5!

i

*i3!2!l

baud rate

full/half duplex

parity

reserved

on/off line

SW

8: 0 — Half duplex

* 1 — Full duplex

X.SW

M:

0 — On line

1 — Off line

SW 3: Reserved

SW 2: Parity

—>

0 — Odd

1 — Even

SW 1: Parity enable

—>

0 -

1 -

SW: 7

0 0

0

1

X1

1

"""""

Enable

Disable

6

0

1 1

0

1 1

D

X

5

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

0"

Baud Rate

19200

'50

9600 4800

2400

1200

600

300

110

63

APPENDIX C

FUNCTIONS TABLE LIST

FUNCTIONS REMOTE CODE SEQUENCE SINGLE FUNCTION KEY

INSERT OFF

INSERT ON

CURSOR SENSEING

DIRECT CURSOR ADDRESSING

CHARACTER SEND

KEY BOARD LOCK

KEY BOARD UNLOCK

CURSOR LEFT

CURSOR DOWN

CURSOR UP

CURSOR RIGHT

END OF LINE

END OF FILE

HOME

-,

DECETE

LINE

INSERT LINE

REVERSE ON

REVERSE OFF

ATTRIBUTE

BACK TAB

RESET

ESC

INS

SOH OFF

CHAR '•

STX INS

ENQ

•

;

' .'

:

DC1

X Y

'

NAK ....$...

ACK

•'.••••

•••-

BS

<—

i

t

VT

!

7

-

DLE

~>

SI EOL

CAN EOF

DC2

HOME

LINE

DC 3 DEL

LINE

SUB INS

EM

US

SP C

t

FS

FUNCTIONS REMOTE CODE

SEQUENCE

SINGLE FUNCTION KEY

DELECT

CHARACTER

LOAD FROM HOST

RECENE FROM HOST

GO TO SPECIFIC ADDRESS

ESC

SYN

ETX

EOT

BEL

65

APPENDIX D

TPC-2000

KEYSTROKES AND CODES

The following table lists the keystrokes and internal codes of TPC-2000

key

code

key

code

Note :

Alphanuneric

keypad "0" key code is 8BH

Numerical keypad

"0"

key code is

5FH.

key

code

A B C.

D

E

F

G

H I J K

L

M

N

0

P Q

R S T U V

W

X

Y

Z

1

2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9

0

-

s

%

41 42 43

44

45

46

47

48

49

4A 4B 4C 4D

4E 4F 50

51

52 53

54

55

56

57

58

59 5A

31 32

33

34

35

36 37

38 39 3A 7E

2D

40

a b

c d

e f

g

h i

J

k 1 m n

o P

q

r

s t

u

V

w

X

y

z

!

e

#

$

%

A

& «

( )

•f "*

61 62 63

64

65

66 67

68 69

6A

6B

6C

6D

6E 6F

70 71

72

73

74 75

76 77

78 79

7A

21

22

:

23

24

25

26 27

28 29

7F 5E

3D

60

ESC

TAB

BACK SPACE

BREAK DEL RETURN

LINE FEED

LINE INS LINE DEL CHAR INS CHAR DEL DEL CHAR INS ENTER RESET

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

F6

EOL EOF HOME

-> <-

+

r } {

] c

\

•

: i

M

t

1

<

•

>

/

7

1B

09

08

FF

30

OD

OA

93

1

if

f

91

88

92

8C

OD

90

80

W

81

^

B2^1C

&AV

84

/i

r

85^3

8F 8E 94

.

98</^

gj4^

9645"

95^

5B 7B 5D

7D

5C

7C

2A 3A

2B

3B

2C

3C

'2E

3E

2F

3F

} ]

1

3

i

\

0

*

66

APPENDIX E

SYSTEM STARTUP CHECKLIST

1. Power on ( all devices

).

2. Insert system diskette in drive A.

3. Press the RESET key.

M.

Press the function key F1 to boot

system.

5. Prompt symbol

"A>"

indicates good system

load,

APPENDIX F

INTERPRETATION OF DISK CONTROLLER STATUS

4

Bit

s?

s6 s5

S4

s3

s2

si

sO

All Type 1 Commands

Not ready

Write prot Head loaded

Seek error

CRC error

Track 0

Index Busy

Read

Address Not ready

0 0 ID not fnd CRC error

Lost data

DRQ

Busy

Read

Not ready

Record type Record type

Rec not fnd CRC error

Lost data

DRQ Busy

Write

Not ready

Write prot Write fault

Rec not fnd CRC error

Lost data

DRQ

Busy

The format of the Status Register is shown below.

Bits

76543210

b7

b6

b5

W

b3

b2

b1

bO

When a permanent

error

is

detected

on

disk,

the

TATUNG

CBIOS

will

display

the following message :

PERMANENT DISK ERROR, TRACK tt, SECTOR ss, STATUS xx

where

tt and ss are the

track

number

and

sector

number

in

error

and

status

xx indicates the nature of the error as defined in the above table.

For example :

Status xx

10 08 80

Reason

Record not found

CRC error

Disk not ready Write protect

68

APPENDIX G

FAILURE CHECKLIST

1.

NOTHING WORKS

—-

Check

mechanical

connections:

...-.,

Power cords

,

;

. , ,

,

t,

Cables

.

>.

. :'..,vv.,,

^^K^,

••

t-f^i:

.

Switches

"on"

•'•'•'!

Fuses

.•,..:).,,..

2. PRINTER OUT

•

; .

.

— , Try the printer in "local" .

,

, .

,,

—-

Execute

CTRL P from

the

console

.;....

— Check all settings

——

Re-insert

paper

properly

,

.

•*'..,

—— Check fuse

3. PRINTER DOES NOT STOP

—— Hit

CTRL

P V

;

.

.'-,j;

—— Hit CTRL C

—

Turn

printer

off

<.,-.,.

,

,;

4.

SYSTEM OUT . . .

f

—— Reboot (CTRL

C)

—— Stop the system and execute complete restart

5. DISK DRIVE ON CONTINUOUSLY

— No diskette in. Insert

one.

— Remove diskette, restart procedure

6. GROSSLY ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR

— Suspect operator error. Try again. Check for correct system

diskette and correct

settings

on printer.

—-

Suspect damaged

system

diskette. Replace with fresh

copy.

— Suspect damaged application program. Replace with fresh copy.

— Turn everything off. Try again.

— Suspect hardware failure.

.. : •

,

APPENDIX H

TROUBLESHOOTING

H.1

Basic rule

In this order :

*

1. Suspect operator error

2.

Suspect

damaged

diskette

3. Suspect software

4. Suspect hardware Keep

detailed

documentation

about

the

failure.

Try

again

from

scratch.

Use

fresh

diskette.

Check

all

mechanical

setting and connections.

H.2

Troubleshooting guide

•

1.

Symptom:

No

cursor

visible

on

screen.

|

Possible cause: No power to display. Possible

cure:

Check

fuses;

check

power

cord;

check

power

outlet.

2.

Symptom:

Incorrect

symbols

appear

on

screen

when

typing.

Possible

cause:

Parity

on;

incorrect

baud

rate.

Possible cure: Set console parity to

"off";

set console baud rate

switch to "9600

bps".

3. Symptom: Double symbols appear on CRT when typing. Possible cause: Console in Half Duplex mode.

Possible cure: set console to Full Duplex mode. '

M.

Symptom:^

No symbols appear on the CRT when typing.

Pssible

cause:

Console

send/receive

mode

not

set;

monitor

not

connected to

computer's

monitor jack; display

brightness set too low.

Possible

cure:

Set

send/receive

mode

on

console;

check

cables

and

plugs adjust brightness.

:;

5.

Symptom:

CP/M

symbols

"A>"

not

displayed

after

RESET

and F1 key has

been pressed.

Possible cause: CP/M not sucessful loaded; incorrect version of

CP/M for your machine; operating system

program

cannot

found

on

diskette

in

drive

A;

system

bootstrap program problem.

Possible

cure:

Insert a known

good

system

diskette

in

drive

A and

press

RESET

F1

button.

If one

diskette

works

but

70

another

doesn't,

perform

SYSGEN

or

DOPY

SYSTEM

operation,

copying

from

good

diskette

to bad

diskette.

6. Symptom: Miscellaneous errors occur during execution of programs.

Possible

cause:

Bad

memory

circuit

chip;

bad

disk.

Possible

cure:

Perform

MTS;

if bad

memory

chip

is

found

contact

TATUNG.

Perform

DCHECK;

if bad

diskette

is

detected, replace with good diskette. If problem

continues,

contact

TATUNG.

7. Symptom: Unable to load and execute programs.

See symptom number 6.

8.

Symptom:

Unable

to

print

on

printer.

<

Possible cause: Defective printer cable; incompatible wiring

between printer and computer, incomplete setup of either printer or computer.

Possible cure: Check all interconnecting wiring; ensure that power

13 on to printer; perform SETUP procedure.