Tait Electronics (Aust) Pty Ltd
186 Granite Street
Geebung
Queensland 4034
P. O . Bo x 6 79
Virginia
Queensland 4014
Australia
Phone: 61 7 3865 7799
Toll Free: 1 800 077 112
Fax: 61 7 3865 7990
Canada
Tait Mobile Radio Inc.
Unit 5, 158 Anderson Avenue
Markham
Ontario L6E 1A9
Canada
Phone: 1 905 472 1100
Toll Free: 1 800 890 8248
Fax: 1 905 472 5300
France
Ta i t F r a n c e S a r l
2 Avenue de la Cristallerie
92 316 Sèvres, Cedex
France
Phone: 33 1 41 14 05 50
Fax: 33 1 41 14 05 55
Germany
Tait Europe Limited
Geschäftsstelle Deutschland
Fürther Str. 27
D-90429 Nürnberg
Germany
Phone: 49 911 2870 7064
Fax: 49 911 2870 7160
Hong Kong
Tait Mobile Radio (HK) Ltd
Unit 2216, North Tower
Concordia Plaza
No. 1 Science Museum Road
Tsim Sha Tsui East
Kowloon
Phone: 852 2369 3040
Fax: 852 2369 3009
New Zealand
Tait Communications Ltd
Unit 4, 75 Blenheim Road
P. O. Bo x 1 1 8 5
Christchurch
Phone: 64 3 348 3301
Fax: 64 3 343 0558
Ta i w a n
Tait Mobile Radio (Taiwan) Ltd
5Fl., No. 159, Keelung Rd
Sec. 1
Tai p ei 110
Tai w a n
Phone: 886 2 2768 6600
Fax: 886 2 2761 9970
Thailand
Tait Mobile Radio Ltd
14/1 Suwan Tower
Third Floor
North Sathorn Road
Soi Saladaeng 1
Bangrak
Bangkok 10500
Thailand
Phone: 662 267 6290
Fax: 662 267 6293
United Kingdom
Tait Europe Ltd
Ermine Business Park
Ermine Road
Huntingdon
Cambridgeshire PE18 6YA
United Kingdom
Phone: 44 1480 52 255
Fax: 44 1480 411 996
USA
Tait Electronics (USA) Inc.
9434 Old Katy Road
Suite 110
Houston
Texas 77055
USA
Phone: 1 713 984 8684
Toll Free: 1 800 222 1255
Fax: 1 713 468 6944
Internet
http://www.taitworld.com
Beijing
Tait Mobile Radio (HK) Ltd
Beijing Representative Office
Room 610, Tower 2
Beijing Henderson Centre
No. 18 Jianguomennei Da Jie
Doncheng District
Beijing
China 100005
ScopeThis manual contains general, technical, tuning and adjustment
information on T820 Series II 25W and 50W base stations which
comprise the following equipment:
25W base stationT825 receiver
T826 25W transmitter
50W base stationT825 receiver
T827 exciter
T828 50W power amplifier
PCB InformationPCB information is provided for all current issue PCBs, as well
as all previous issue PCBs manufactured in production quantities, and is grouped according to PCB. Thus, you will find the
parts list, grid reference index (if necessary), PCB layouts and
circuit diagram(s) for each individual PCB grouped together.
ErrorsIf you find an error in this manual, or have a suggestion on how
it might be improved, please do not hesitate to contact Customer
Support, Tait Electronics Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand (full
contact details are on page 2).
Updating Equipment And Manuals
In the interests of improving performance, reliability or servicing, Tait Electronics Ltd
reserve the right to update their equipment and/or manuals without prior notice.
Copyright
All information contained in this manual is the property of Tait Electronics Ltd. All
rights are reserved. This manual may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied,
reproduced, translated stored or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable
form without prior written permission from Tait Electronics Ltd.
Ordering Tait Service Manuals
You can order additional copies of this manual from your nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation. When ordering, make sure you quote the correct Tait product code ("M" number). Note that only the latest issue of the manual will be available
for order.
Copyright TEL01/04/00
Page 4
4M820-00
Tab le Of Co n t e n ts
This manual is divided into five parts as listed below, with each part being further subdivided into sections. There is a detailed table of contents at the start of each part and/
or section.
PartTitle
AIntroduction To Servicing
BT825 Receiver
CT826 Transmitter & T827 Exciter
DT828 Power Amplifier
ET820 VCO PCB Information
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 5
M820-00AI
Part AIntroduction To Servicing
This part of the manual is divided into the sections listed below. These sections provide
some general and advisory information on servicing procedures, and a brief history of
PGM800Win programming software.
If you have any questions about this manual or the equipment it describes, please contact your nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation. If necessary, you can
get additional technical help from Customer Support, Radio Systems Division, Tait Electronics Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand (full contact details are on page 2).
When requesting information, please quote either the manual product code (e.g.
M820-00-200), or the equipment product code and serial number which are printed on a
label on the back of the product (as shown in Figure 1.1).
this area used for regional
Type Approval information
T838-10-0000
Rev 1
900000
Tait Electronics Limited
Made in New Zealand
Figure 1.1 Typical Product Code & Serial Number Labels
product code
serial number
T835-10-0000 Rev 1
Tait Electronics Limited
Made in New Zealand
900000
If you require information about a particular PCB, please quote the full PCB internal
part number (IPN) which is screen printed onto the top side of the board (refer to the
appropriate PCB Information section in this manual for more details).
1.2Caution: CMOS Devices
This equipment contains CMOS Devices which are susceptible to damage from static
charges. Care when handling these devices is essential. For correct handling procedures refer to the manufacturers' data books, e.g. Philips data books covering CMOS
devices, or Motorola CMOS data books, Section 5 'Handling', etc.
An anti-static bench kit (refer to Figure 1.2) is available from Tait Electronics Ltd under
the following product codes:
• KS0001 - 1 conductive rubber bench mat
- 1 earth lead to connect the mat to ground
• KS0004 - 1 wrist strap.
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Page 8
A1.2GeneralM820-00
conductive
wrist strap
to building earth
(not mains earth)
Figure 1.2 Typical Anti-static Bench Set-up
1.3Caution: Aerial Load
conductive rubber
bench mat
The equipment has been designed to operate safely under a wide range of aerial loading
conditions. However, we strongly recommend that the transmitter should always be
operated with a suitable load to prevent damage to the transmitter output power stage.
1.4Caution: Beryllium Oxide & Power Transistors
The RF power transistors in current use all contain some beryllium oxide. This substance, while perfectly harmless in its normal solid form, can become a severe health
hazard when it has been reduced to dust. For this reason the RF power transistors
should not be broken open, mutilated, filed, machined, or physically damaged in any
way that can produce dust particles.
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 9
M820-00MechanicalA2.1
2Mechanical
2.1Torx Recess Head Screws
Torx recess head screws are becoming the standard screw head type in all T800 Series II
equipment, with Pozidriv and Philips recess head screws being used in fewer applications.
The Torx recess head has the advantage of improved screwdriver tip location, reducing
the chances of screw head damage caused by the driver tip rotating within the recess. In
addition, using a ball-tip Torx screwdriver allows you to drive a Torx head screw with
the driver on a slight angle, which can be useful in situations where access is restricted.
It is important that you use the correct Torx screwdriver tip:
M3 screws -T10
M4 screws -T20.
Figure 2.1 below shows a typical Torx recess head screw (actual hardware may differ
slightly from this illustration due to variations in manufacturing techniques).
"star" shaped recess with
six internal notches
Figure 2.1 Torx Screw Identification
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Page 10
A2.2MechanicalM820-00
2.2Pozidriv & Philips Recess Head Screws
Pozidriv and Philips recess head screws will continue to be used in T800 Series II equipment in a few special applications. It is important that you use the correct type and size
screwdriver for each screw type to avoid damaging the screw head.
It is particularly important that you do not use Philips screwdrivers on Pozidriv screw
heads as the tapered driving flutes of the Philips screwdriver do not engage correctly
with the parallel-sided slots in the Pozidriv screw head. This can result in considerable
damage to the screw head if the screwdriver tip turns inside the recess.
Note:
If you find you need excessive downwards pressure to keep the screwdriver
tip in the Pozidriv screw head, you are probably using the wrong type and/
or size screwdriver.
Figure 2.2 below shows the main differences between typical Pozidriv and Philips screw
heads and screwdriver tips (actual hardware may differ slightly from these illustrations
due to variations in manufacturing techniques).
To carry out alignment or change option links, you need to remove only the top cover,
i.e. the one adjacent to the front panel handle and on the opposite side to the main
D-range connector (D-range 1/PL100).
You need to remove the bottom cover to:
• access transmitter RF power transistors and many SMD components
• change solder blob links
• fit test leads to circuit block access points.
2.3.2Power Amplifiers
You should carry out the tuning and power output level setting procedures with the
cover on.
The chassis and covers used in T800 Series II modules incorporate a number of design
changes to improve Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) performance. It is important that only the new-design covers are fitted to the new chassis to ensure correct
mechanical fit and continued compliance with appropriate EMC Type Approval regulations.
Figure 2.3 below shows some of the main features which can be used to identify the
new-design chassis and covers.
Chassis
←Top View
loom channel in
top of walls
Rear View
4 holes in
rear panel
→
groove in top
of rear wall
Top Cover
provision for mounting speaker
(future development)
ridge on top
of rear wall
Bottom Cover
additional walls
Figure 2.3 Identification Of New-Design Chassis & Covers
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 13
M820-00Component ReplacementA3.1
3Component Replacement
3.1Leaded Components
Whenever you are doing any work on the PCB that involves removing or fitting components, you must take care not to damage the copper tracks. The two satisfactory methods of removing components from plated-through hole (PTH) PCBs are detailed below.
Note:
The first method requires the use of a desoldering station, e.g. Philips SBC
314 or Pace MBT-100E.
3.1.1Desoldering Iron Method
Place the tip over the lead and, as the solder starts to melt, move the tip in a circular motion.
Start the suction and continue the movement until 3 or 4 circles have been completed.
Remove the tip while continuing suction to ensure that all solder is removed from
the joint, then stop the suction.
Before pulling the lead out, ensure it is not stuck to the plating.
If the lead is still not free, resolder the joint and try again.
Note:
The desoldering iron does not usually have enough heat to desolder leads
from the ground plane. Additional heat may be applied by holding a soldering iron on the tip of the desoldering iron (this may require some additional help).
3.1.2Component Cutting Method
Cut the leads on the component side of the PCB.
Heat the solder joint
out from the component side: do
Fill the hole with solder and then clear with solderwick.
Copyright TEL01/04/00
sufficiently
to allow
not
easy
use undue force.
removal of the lead by drawing it
Page 14
A3.2Component ReplacementM820-00
3.2Surface Mount Devices
Caution:Surface mount devices (SMDs) require special storage, handling,
removal and replacement techniques. This equipment should be serviced only by an approved Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation equipped with the necessary facilities. Repairs attempted with
incorrect equipment or by untrained personnel may result in permanent damage. If in doubt, contact your nearest Tait Dealer or Customer
Service Organisation.
3.3Cased Mica Capacitors
Cased mica capacitors can be removed by heating the top with a heavy-duty soldering
iron and gently lifting the capacitor off the PCB with a solder-resistant spike or equivalent.
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 15
M820-00Software HistoryA4.1
4Software History
28/06/96PGM800Win Version 1.0
18/08/97PGM800Win Version 2.00
4.1PGM800Win V1.0
PGM800Win V1.0 is different in concept from DOS versions of PGM800 in that it is Win-
1
dows
PGM800.
The major changes are outlined below:
based. It also includes many new and improved features over DOS versions of
•The Windows
•PGM800Win includes several new radio models which are not programmable
with DOS versions of PGM800.
•Out of range frequencies will result in warning messages and will not be accepted
for entry into the standard library module. User defined modules can be created,
however, allowing variation from the standard library module.
•Channel numbers default to 0-127 to match the EPROM memory locations. However, the user can change this setting so that the channel numbers run from 1-128
to suit his/her particular needs.
Note:
The data files produced by BASEPROG V1.0 and all DOS versions of
PGM800 are still compatible with PGM800Win V1.0.
environment makes data entry and editing significantly easier.
4.2PGM800Win V2.00
PGM800Win V2.00 is an upgraded and expanded version of PGM800Win V1.0. It has
been developed specifically for T800 Series II base stations, but retains the ability to program Series I equipment.
The major changes are outlined below:
•PGM800Win V2.0 will program T800 Series II base station modules via serial communications.
•Deviation and reference modulation settings are written automatically to the
radio.
1. Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation.
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A4.2Software HistoryM820-00
•Extra information that is not stored in the radio (but which is still relevant to the
radio) can be saved to a file on disk (e.g. note field, auxiliary pin names, etc.).
Note:
The data files produced by BASEPROG V1.0, all DOS versions of PGM800,
and PGM800Win V1.0 are still compatible with PGM800Win V2.00.
01/07/00Copyright TEL
Page 17
M820-00BI
Part BT825 Receiver
This part of the manual is divided into six sections, as listed below. There is a detailed
table of contents at the start of each section.
SectionTitle
1General Information
2Circuit Operation
3Initial Tuning & Adjustment
4Functional Testing (not available for Tuning & Adjustment manual)
5Fault Finding (not available for Tuning & Adjustment manual)
6PCB Information
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BIIM820-00
01/07/00Copyright TEL
Page 19
M820-00T825 General InformationB1.1
1T825 General Information
This section provides a brief description of the T825 receiver, along with detailed specifications and a list of types available.
The following topics are covered in this section.
SectionTitlePage
1.1Introduction1.3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.4.1
1.2.4.2
1.2.4.3
1.2.5
1.2.6
1.2.6.1
1.2.6.2
1.2.6.3
1.3Product Codes1.10
1.4Standard Product Range1.11
Specifications
Introduction
General
RF Section
Audio Section
General
CTCSS
Mute Operation
Microcontroller
Tes t Sta n da rd s
European Telecommunication Standard (ETS)
DTI CEPT Recommendation T/R-24-01
Telecommunications Industry Association
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
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B1.2T825 General InformationM820-00
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 21
M820-00T825 General InformationB1.3
1.1Introduction
The T825 is a high performance microprocessor controlled FM base station receiver
designed for single or multichannel operation in the 66 to 88MHz frequency range
The receiver is a dual conversion superhet with a synthesised local oscillator. The first
IF is 10.7MHz, allowing exceptionally high spurious signal rejection to be achieved in
the receiver front end. The second IF section (455kHz) combines amplitude limiting,
detection and RSSI within a single integrated circuit. This IC also drives a noise level
detector for gating the audio output. RSSI can also be used to drive a carrier mute for
audio output gating (link selectable).
The audio section output can be adjusted to deliver >+10dBm to a 600 ohm balanced
output, and 1W to a local monitor speaker. A flat or de-emphasised audio response is
link selectable.
The synthesiser frequency is programmed via the serial communications port. Eight
channel select lines are accessible via an optional D-range connector (D-range 2 T800-03-0000) at the rear of the set.
All components except those on the VCO board are mounted on a single PCB. This is
secured to a die-cast chassis which is divided into compartments to individually shield
each section of circuitry. Access to both sides of the main PCB is obtained by removing
each of the two chassis covers. There is provision within the chassis to mount small
option PCBs.
1
.
The front panel controls include gating sensitivity, line level, monitor volume and a
monitor mute switch.
The T825 has a width of 60mm and occupies a single space in a Tait rack frame, which
has the ability to accommodate up to seven standard modules.
1. Although capable of operating over the 66-88MHz frequency range, the T825 has a
2MHz switching range (see Section 1.2.3 and Section 3.1).
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B1.4T825 General InformationM820-00
1.2Specifications
1.2.1Introduction
The performance figures given are minimum figures, unless otherwise indicated, for
equipment tuned with the maximum switching range and operating at standard room
temperature (+22°C to +28°C) and standard test voltage (13.8V DC).
Where applicable, the test methods used to obtain the following performance figures
are those described in the EIA and ETS specifications. However, there are several
parameters for which performance according to the CEPT specification is given. Refer
to Section 1.2.6 for details of test standards.
Details of test methods and the conditions which apply for Type Approval testing in all
countries can be obtained from Tait Electronics Ltd.
The terms "wide bandwidth" and "narrow bandwidth" used in this and following sections are defined in the following table.
Channel Spacing
Wide Bandwidth25kHz±5.0kHz15.0kHz
Narrow Bandwidth12.5kHz±2.5kHz7.5kHz
Sensitivity and distortion figures are stated for both de-emphasised and flat audio
responses under standard operating conditions. Note that the sensitivity and distortion
figures will be degraded when flat audio is selected.
Link PL210Link PL220
De-emphasised Audio1-22-3
Flat Audio2-31-2
Modulation
100% Deviation
Receiver
IF Bandwidth
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 23
M820-00T825 General InformationB1.5
1.2.2General
Number Of Channels.. 128 (standard)
Supply Voltage:
Operating Voltage .. 10.8 to 16V DC
Standard Test Voltage .. 13.8V DC
Polarity .. negative earth only
Polarity Protection .. crowbar diode
Supply Current:
Standby .. 350mA
Full Audio .. 750mA
Operating Temperature Range.. -30°C to +60°C
Dimensions:
Height .. 183mm
Width .. 60 mm
Length .. 322mm
Weight .. 2.13kg
1
1.2.3RF Section
Frequency Range.. 66-88MHz
Type .. dual conversion superheterodyne
Frequency Increment.. 5 or 6.25kHz
Switching Range .. 2MHz (i.e. ±1MHz from the centre
frequency)
Input Impedance .. 50 ohms
Frequency Stability.. ±2.5ppm, -30°C to +60°C
(see also Section 1.4)(±1ppm available for special
applications)
Signal Strength Indicator.. -115dBm to -70dBm, 3.5 to 6.5V
(RSSI)at approx. 15dB/V
1. Additional channels may be factory programmed. Contact your nearest Tait Dealer or
Customer Service Organisation.
Conducted .. -90dBm to 4GHz
Radiated .. -57dBm to 1GHz
-47dBm to 4GHz
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Page 25
M820-00T825 General InformationB1.7
1.2.4Audio Section
1.2.4.1General
Outputs Available .. line and monitor
Frequency Response .. flat or de-emphasised (750µs)
(link selectable)
Flat Response:
Bandwidth .. 67 to 3400Hz
Response .. within +1, -2dB of output level
at 1kHz
De-emphasised Response:
Bandwidth .. 300 to 3400Hz
Response .. within +1, -3dB of a 6dB/octave
de-emphasis characteristic (ref. 1kHz)
Line Output:
Power .. adjustable to >+10dBm
Load Impedance .. 600 ohms
Distortion (@ -70dBm signal level):
De-emphasised
Wide Bandwidth..≤2%≤2%
Narrow Bandwidth..≤2%≤4%
Monitor Output:
Power .. 1W
Speaker Impedance .. 4 ohms
Distortion .. ≤3%
(@ -70dBm signal level, links set to de-emphasis)
1.2.4.2CTCSS
Linkable High Pass Filter:
Bandwidth.. 350 to 3400Hz
Response.. within +1, -3dB of level at 1kHz
Hum And Noise.. 30dB min. at 250.3Hz
(1kHz at 60% system deviation35dB typical (67 to 240Hz)
CTCSS at 10% system deviation)
Flat
Ton e De t e ct :
Tone Squelch Opening.. better than 6dB sinad
3dB sinad at 250.3Hz (typical)
4dB sinad at 100Hz (typical)
Tone Detect Bandwidth.. ±2.1Hz accept (typical)
±3.0Hz reject (typical)
Response Time.. 150ms open and close (typical)
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Page 26
B1.8T825 General InformationM820-00
1.2.4.3Mute Operation
Systems Available .. noise mute and carrier mute
Noise Mute:
Operating Range .. 6-20dB sinad
Hysteresis .. 1.5 to 6dB
Threshold .. adjustable to -105dBm
Opening Time .. 20ms
Closing Time .. 50ms
Carrier Mute (Optional):
Operating Range .. -115 to -80dBm
Hysteresis .. 2 to 10dB
Opening Time .. 5ms
Closing Time .. 50ms
Note:
The opening and closing times given above are for the standard set-up
(SL210 linked and SL220 not linked - refer to Section 3.8).
1.2.5Microcontroller
Auxiliary Ports:
Open Drain Type.. capable of sinking 2.25mA via 2k2Ω
max... 5V
V
ds
1.2.6Test Standards
Where applicable, this equipment is tested in accordance with the following standards.
1.2.6.1European Telecommunication Standard
ETS 300 086 January 1991
Radio equipment and systems; land mobile service; technical characteristics and test
conditions for radio equipment with an internal or external RF connector intended primarily for analogue speech.
ETS 300 113 March 1996
Radio equipment and systems; land mobile service; technical characteristics and test
conditions for radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and speech) and
having an antenna connector.
ETS 300 219 October 1993
Radio equipment and systems; land mobile service; technical characteristics and test
conditions for radio equipment transmitting signals to initiate a specific response in the
receiver.
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 27
M820-00T825 General InformationB1.9
ETS 300 279 February 1996
Radio equipment and systems; electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for private land mobile radio (PMR) and ancillary equipment (speech and/or non-speech).
1.2.6.2DTI CEPT Recommendation T/R-24-01
Annex I: 1988
Technical characteristics and test conditions for radio equipment in the land mobile
service intended primarily for analogue speech.
Annex II: 1988
Technical characteristics of radio equipment in the land mobile service with regard to
quality and stability of transmission.
1.2.6.3Telecommunications Industry Association
ANSI/TIA/EIA-603-1992
Land mobile FM or PM communications equipment measurement and performance
standards.
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B1.10T825 General InformationM820-00
1.3Product Codes
The three groups of digits in the T820 Series II product code provide information about
the model, type and options fitted, according to the conventions described below.
The following explanation of T820 Series II product codes is not intended to suggest that
any combination of features is necessarily available in any one product. Consult your
nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation for more information regarding
the availability of specific models, types and options.
Model
The Model group indicates the basic function of the product, as follows:
The Type group uses two digits to indicate the basic RF configuration of the product.
The first digit in the Type group designates the frequency range:
T82X-X
The second digit in the Type group indicates the channel spacing:
T82X-XX
X-XXXX’1’ for 66-88MHz
-XXXX’0’ for wide bandwidth (25kHz)
’5’ for narrow bandwidth (12.5kHz)
Options
T82X-XX-XXXXThe Options group uses four digits and/or letters to indicate
any options that may be fitted to the product. This includes
standard options and special options for specific customers.
’0000’ indicates a standard Tait product with no options fitted.
The large number of options precludes listing them here.
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 29
M820-00T825 General InformationB1.11
1.4Standard Product Range
The following table lists the range of standard T825 types (i.e. no options fitted) available at the time this manual was published. Consult your nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation for more information.
Frequency Range (MHz)
IF Bandwidth (kHz)7.515
b
TCXO
Receiver Type: T825-15-000010-0000
a. Selectable by solder links - refer to Section 3.7.
b. A TCXO with a stability of ±1ppm (0°C to +60°C) is
±2.5ppm -30°C to +60°C
available to suit specific requirements. Contact your
nearest authorised Tait Dealer or Customer Service
Organisation for further details.
a
66-88
••
You can identify the receiver type by checking the product code printed on a label on
the rear of the chassis (Figure 1.1 in Part A shows typical labels). You can further verify
the receiver type by checking the placement of an SMD resistor in the table that is screen
printed onto the PCB (refer to Section 6.1 for more details).
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B1.12T825 General InformationM820-00
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Page 31
M820-00T825 Circuit OperationB2.1
2T825 Circuit Operation
This section provides a basic description of the circuit operation of the T825 receiver.
Note:
Refer to Section 6 where the parts lists, grid reference index and diagrams will provide
detailed information on identifying and locating components and test points on the
main PCB. The parts list and diagrams for the VCO PCB are in Part E.
The following topics are covered in this section.
Unless otherwise specified, the term "PGM800Win" used in this and following sections refers to version 2.00 and later of the software.
SectionTitlePage
2.1Introduction2.3
2.2Receiver Front End2.4
2.3Mixer2.5
2.4IF Circuitry2.5
2.5Noise Mute (Squelch)2.6
2.6Carrier Mute2.6
2.7Audio Processor2.7
2.8Power Supply And Regulators2.8
2.9Microcontroller2.9
2.10Synthesised Local Oscillator2.10
2.11VCO2.11
2.12Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)2.11
FigureTitlePage
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
T825 High Level Block Diagram
T825 Front End, IF and Mute Block Diagram
T825 Audio Processor Block Diagram
T825 Power Supply And Regulators Block Diagram
T825 Microcontroller Block Diagram
T825 Synthesiser Block Diagram
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
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B2.2T825 Circuit OperationM820-00
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 33
M820-00T825 Circuit OperationB2.3
2.1Introduction
Noise
Mute
MixerMixerLimiter
Front
End
Synthesised
Local
Oscillator
10.7MHz
IF
Second
Local
Oscillator
12.8MHz
Master
Oscillator
455kHz
IF
Figure 2.1 T825 High Level Block Diagram
The T825 receiver consists of a number of distinct stages:
•front end
•mixer
• synthesised local oscillator
•IF
• audio processor
• mute (squelch)
FM
Detector
RSSI
Audio
Processor
Carrier
Mute
Speaker
600Ω
}
Line
•regulator circuits
• received signal strength indicator (RSSI).
These stages are clearly identifiable in Figure 2.1. Refer to the circuit diagrams in Section 6 for further detail.
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B2.4T825 Circuit OperationM820-00
2.2Receiver Front End
(Refer to the front end, IF section and audio processor circuit diagrams (sheets 4, 3 and 2
respectively) in Section 6.)
Local Oscillator
(From Synthesiser)
RF In
66-88MHz
Harmonic
Filter
Doublet
Filter
RF
Amp
Doublet
Filter
1dB
Pad
4dB Pad
Diplexer
Post
Mixer
Amp
4-Pole
Crystal
Filter
IF
Amp
Active
FilterLFAmp
Active
Gain
Adjust
Filter
2-Pole
Crystal
Filter
10.7MHz
Diode
Detector
Mixer
(MC3372)
Smoothing
Filter
Ceramic
Filter
2nd LO
10.245MHz
Link
Mixer
Option 1
Option 2
Comparator
Limiter
(MC3372)
RSSI
Mute
Adjust
FM
Detector
(MC3372)
Buffer
Amp
Comparator
t∆
Gating
Delays
10.7MHz
Low
Pass
Filter
Audio
(To Audio
Processor)
RSSI Output
Voltage
(To D-Range
Socket)
Buffer
Amp
Mute
Adjust
Rx Gate Out
(To Audio
Processor)
Comparator
Audio Section
Figure 2.2 T825 Front End, IF and Mute Block Diagram
The incoming signal from the N-type antenna socket is fed through a 7-pole, low pass
filter with a cut frequency of approximately 100MHz. This low loss filter (typically less
than 0.5dB insertion loss over 66-88MHz) provides excellent immunity to interference
from high frequency signals.
The signal is then further filtered, using a notched doublet (L410, L409) which provides
exceptional image rejection, before being amplified by approximately 12dB (Q400). The
signal is then passed through a further doublet (L403, L402) before being presented to
the mixer via an attenuator pad (1dB for narrow bandwidth, 0dB for wide bandwidth).
Each sub-block within the front end has been designed with 50 ohm terminations for
ease of testing and fault finding.
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M820-00T825 Circuit OperationB2.5
2.3Mixer
(Refer to the front end circuit diagram (sheet 4) in Section 6 and Figure 2.2.)
IC410 is a high level mixer requiring a local oscillator (LO) drive level of +17dBm (nominal). The voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) generates a level of +22dBm (typical) and
this is fed to the mixer via a 4dB attenuator pad. A diplexer terminates the IF port of the
mixer in a good 50 ohms, thus preventing unnecessary intermodulation distortion.
2.4IF Circuitry
(Refer to the IF section circuit diagram (sheet 3) in Section 6 and Figure 2.2.)
Losses in the mixer are made up for in a tuned, common gate, post mixer amplifier
(Q302). Several stages of amplification and filtering are employed in the IF circuitry.
The first crystal filter is a 4-pole device (&XF300 and &XF301) which is matched into 50
ohms on both its input and output ports. This stage is followed by a two-stage amplifier
(designed as a 50 ohm block) and second crystal filter (2 pole, &XF302), after which the
signal is mixed down to 455kHz with the second local oscillator (10.245MHz) by IC330.
The 455kHz signal is filtered using a six-pole ceramic filter (&XF304) before being limited and detected.
The second IF mixer, limiter, detector and RSSI is in a 16-pin IC (IC330). Quadrature
detection is employed, using L330, and the recovered audio on pin 9 of IC330 is typically 1.0V p-p for 60% system deviation.
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B2.6T825 Circuit OperationM820-00
2.5Noise Mute (Squelch)
(Refer to the audio processor and IF section circuit diagrams (sheets 2 and 3 respectively) in Section 6 and Figure 2.2.)
The noise mute operates on the detected noise outside the audio bandwidth. An operational amplifier in IC340 is used as an active band pass filter centred on 70kHz to filter
out audio components. The noise spectrum is then further amplified in a variable gain,
operational amplifier (IC340), followed by another active band pass filter. The noise is
then rectified (D330) and filtered to produce a DC voltage proportional to the noise
amplitude. The lowest average DC voltage corresponds to a high RF signal strength
and the highest DC voltage corresponds to no signal at the RF input.
The rectified noise voltage is compared with a threshold voltage set up on RV230, the
front panel "Gating Sensitivity" potentiometer. Hysteresis is introduced by the feedback
resistor (R267) to prevent the received message from being chopped when the average
noise voltage is close to the threshold. R281 and R280 determine the mute opening and
closing times and, in combination with solder links SL210 and SL220, provide three time
delay options (SL210 is linked as standard - refer to Section 3.8). The mute control signal at pin 1 of IC270 is used to disable the speaker and line audio outputs. The speaker
output can be separately enabled for test purposes by operating the front panel mute
disable switch, SW201.
2.6Carrier Mute
(Refer to the audio processor and IF section circuit diagrams (sheets 2 and 3 respectively) in Section 6 and Figure 2.2.)
A high level carrier mute facility is also available. The RSSI (refer to Section 2.12) provides a DC voltage proportional to the signal strength. This voltage is compared with a
preset level, set up on RV235, and may be linked into the mute timing circuit using
PL250. PL250 selects either the noise mute or the carrier mute. From this point both the
noise and carrier mute circuits operate in the same manner, using common circuitry.
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M820-00T825 Circuit OperationB2.7
2.7Audio Processor
(Refer to the audio processor circuit diagram (sheet 2) in Section 6.)
From
IF Stage
Demodulated
Signal
Flat/De-
emphasis
*IF
Comp
(*IF Audio
Compensation
Circuit)
PL210
2
3
LPF
Flat/De-
emphasis
Amplifier
PL220
2
1
3
Audio 1
Output
High Pass
Filter
Audio 2
Input
RSSI
(Optional)
Speech
PL240
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
PL230
Carrier
Mute
Noise
Mute
Monitor
Volume
Line
Level
PL250
3
2
1
PL260
12
Speaker
Mute
Line
Mute
PL270
1
2
Driver Amp
12V
Relay
Rx Disable
Timer
Driver Amp
Figure 2.3 T825 Audio Processor Block Diagram
The recovered audio on pin 9 of IC330 is passed through a frequency compensation network and a third order elliptic active filter (IC210) to give the required response. Linking (PL220 & PL210) is available to give either a flat or de-emphasised audio response,
with de-emphasis giving a 6dB/octave roll off. The output of IC210 is split to provide
separate paths for the speaker and line outputs. The "Audio 1", Audio 2" and "Speech"
lines allow access to the receiver ’s audio path for external signalling purposes (refer to
Section 3.5).
RSSI Output
Mute Relay
Gate Output
Rx Disable
(Optional Pad)
Mute Disable
Speaker Output
Line Output
Line Monitor
The signals are passed to audio drive amplifiers IC240 and IC260. Under muted conditions the inputs of these amplifiers are shunted to ground via transistors Q230 and Q290
respectively. The audio output of IC240 has a DC component which is removed by
C249, and this then drives a speaker directly. The output of IC260 is fed into a line transformer to provide a balanced 2-wire or 4-wire, 600 ohm output.
The speaker volume is set using the front panel "Monitor Volume" knob (RV205) and the
line level is set using the recessed "Line Level" potentiometer (RV210).
The red front panel "Gate" LED (D250) indicates the status of the mute circuit. When a
signal above the mute threshold is received, the LED is illuminated. The "Monitor
Mute" switch (SW201) on the front panel opens the mute, allowing continuous monitoring of the audio signal (on = audio muted; off = audio unmuted).
The mute control line is available on pads 234 and 231 ("RX GATE OUT") for control of
external circuitry. A high (9V) indicates that the audio is disabled and a low (0V) indicates that a signal above the mute threshold level is being received.
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B2.8T825 Circuit OperationM820-00
The audio can also be disabled using the "RX-DISABLE" inputs, pads 225 or 228, having
connected the "RX-DISABLE" link between pins 1 & 2 of PL260. An adjustable time
delay (RV220) is provided on these lines. In order to disable the audio, either pad must
be pulled to 0V.
An undedicated relay is provided (RL210) for transmitter keying or other functions and
this can be operated from the mute line by linking pins 1 & 2 of PL270.
2.8Power Supply And Regulators
(Refer to the regulators circuit diagram (sheet 6) in Section 6.)
13.8V Nom.
From Rear
D-Range 1
DC
Crowbar
Diode
5V
Reg
Amp
Switching
PS
5V Dig
Reg
LVI
LVI
µP
Reset
13.8V
Nom.
5V5V Dig9V20V
Figure 2.4 T825 Power Supply And Regulators Block Diagram
The T825 is designed to operate off a 10.8-16V DC supply (13.8V nominal). A 5.3V regulator (IC630) runs directly from the 13.8V rail, driving much of the synthesiser circuitry.
It is also used as the reference for a DC amplifier (IC640, Q630 & Q620) which provides
a medium current capability 9V supply.
A switching power supply, based on Q670 and Q660, runs off the 9V supply and provides a low current capability +20V supply. This is used to drive the synthesiser loop
filter (IC740), giving a VCO control voltage of up to 20V.
The 13.8V supply drives both output audio amplifiers without additional regulation. A
separate 5V regulator (IC610) drives the microprocessor and associated digital circuitry.
The output of this regulator is monitored by the Low Voltage Interrupt (LVI) circuit
(IC650).
A crowbar diode is fitted for protection against connection to a power supply of incorrect polarity. It also provides transient overvoltage protection.
Note:
A fuse must be fitted in the power supply line for the diode to provide effective protection.
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M820-00T825 Circuit OperationB2.9
2.9Microcontroller
(Refer to the microcontroller circuit diagram (sheet 8) in Section 6.)
Watchdog Timer
& LVI
Watchdog
EEPROM
Microcontroller Cavity
Channel
Select
Port
Auxiliary
Output
Port
Synthesiser
12.8MHz
Clock
External
Serial
Port
Audio In
Speech
5V Digital
Regulator
5VReset
Microcontroller
Converter
CTCSS
Decoder
Figure 2.5 T825 Microcontroller Block Diagram
Overall system control of the T825 is accomplished by the use of a member of the 80C51
family of microcontrollers (IC810) which runs from internal ROM and RAM. Four ports
are available for input/output functions.
Non-volatile data storage is achieved by serial communication with a 16kBit EEPROM
(IC820). This serial bus is also used by the microcontroller to program the synthesiser
(IC740).
The main tasks of the microcontroller are as follows:
• program the synthesiser;
• interface with the PGM800Win programming software at 9600 baud via the
serial communication lines on D-range 1 (PL100) & D-range 2;
• monitor channel change inputs from D-range 2;
• generate timing waveforms for CTCSS detection;
• coordinate and implement timing control of the receiver;
• control the front panel "Supply" LED.
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B2.10T825 Circuit OperationM820-00
2.10Synthesised Local Oscillator
(Refer to the synthesiser circuit diagram (sheet 7) in Section 6 and the VCO circuit diagram in Part E.)
12.8MHz
Reference
Oscillator
Serial
Bus
FREQUENCY SYNTHESISER IC
Reference
Divider
/R
f
ref
Clk
Data
En
Controller
Phase
Detector
Charge
Pump
Programmable
Divider
/N
Loop
Filter
Prescaler
64/65
VCOBuffer
f
in
Buffer
VCO PCB
Output
Buffer
+22dBm
Figure 2.6 T825 Synthesiser Block Diagram
The synthesiser (IC740) employs a phase-locked loop (PLL) to lock a voltage controlled
oscillator (VCO) to a given reference frequency. The synthesiser receives the divider
information from the control microprocessor via a 3-wire serial bus (clock, data, enable).
When the data has been latched in, the synthesiser processes the incoming signals from
the VCO buffer (f
) and the reference oscillator (f
in
ref
).
A reference oscillator at 12.8MHz (=IC700) is buffered (IC710) and divided down to
6.25kHz or 5kHz within the synthesiser IC (IC740).
L.O.
A buffered output of the VCO is divided with a prescaler and programmable divider
which is incorporated into the synthesiser chip (IC740). This signal is compared with
the reference signal at the phase detector (also part of the synthesiser chip). The phase
detector outputs drive a balanced charge pump circuit (Q760, Q770, Q775, Q780, Q785)
and active loop filter (IC750, Q790) which produces a DC voltage between 0V and 20V
to tune the VCO. This VCO control line is further filtered (R510, C505) to attenuate
noise and other spurious signals. Note that the VCO frequency increases with increasing control voltage.
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M820-00T825 Circuit OperationB2.11
2.11VCO
(Refer to the VCO circuit diagram in Part E.)
The VCO transistor (Q1) operates in a common source configuration, with an LC tank
circuit coupled between its gate and drain to provide the feedback necessary for oscillation. The VCO control voltage from the loop filter (IC750) is applied to the varicaps
(D1-D6) to facilitate tuning within a 2MHz band of frequencies. A trimcap (&VC1-RX)
is used for coarse tuning of the VCO. The output from the oscillator circuit drives a cascode amplifier stage (Q2, Q3) which supplies +10dBm (typically) to a further stage of
amplification, Q5. This is the final amplifier on the VCO PCB, and delivers +22dBm
(typically) to the receiver mixer input pad.
A low level "sniff" is taken from the input to Q5 and used to drive the divider buffer for
the synthesiser (IC740).
The VCO operates at the actual frequency required by the first mixer, i.e. there are no
multiplier stages.
The VCO frequency spans from 76.7-98.7MHz and is tuned to 10.7MHz above the
desired receive frequency (high side injection) to produce a 10.7MHz IF signal at the
output of the mixer.
2.12Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
(Refer to the IF section circuit diagram (sheet 3) in Section 6.)
The RSSI provides a DC voltage proportional to the signal level at the receiver input and
is an on-chip function of IC330. RSSI level adjustment, temperature compensation and
buffering is provided by IC332 and IC333. The RSSI voltage is available at D-range 1
(PL100 pin 5).
The RSSI also provides the capability for high level signal strength muting, which may
be selected on PL250 (refer to Section 3.5). The mute threshold may be set between
-115dBm and -70dBm at RV235.
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B2.12T825 Circuit OperationM820-00
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Page 43
M820-00T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentB3.1
3T825 Initial Tuning & Adjustment
Caution:This equipment contains CMOS devices which are susceptible to dam-
age from static charges. Refer to Section 1.2 in Part A for more information on anti-static procedures when handling these devices.
The following section describes both short and full tuning and adjustment procedures
and provides information on:
• channel programming
• selecting the required audio links
• synthesiser alignment
• receiver front end and IF alignment
• noise and carrier level mute adjustment
• setting the line and monitor output levels
• setting up the RSSI.
Note:
Refer to Section 6 where the parts lists, grid reference index and diagrams will provide
detailed information on identifying and locating components and test points on the
main PCB. The parts list and diagrams for the VCO PCB are in Part E.
Unless otherwise specified, the term "PGM800Win" used in this and following sections refers to version 2.00 and later of the software.
SectionTitlePage
3.1Introduction3.3
3.2Channel Programming3.3
3.3Test Equipment Required3.4
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.4.1
3.4.4.2
Short Tuning Procedure
Introduction
Synthesiser Alignment
Front End Alignment
Mute Adjustment
Noise Mute
Carrier Level Mute
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.4.6.1
3.4.6.2
3.4.6.3
3.4.7
Copyright TEL01/04/00
Line Amplifier Output
CTCSS
Decoder Operation
Opening Sinad
High Pass Filter
RSSI (If Used)
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
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B3.2T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentM820-00
SectionTitlePage
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.6Synthesiser Alignment3.10
3.7Alignment Of Receiver Front End And IF3.10
3.8Gating Delay3.12
3.9Noise Mute Adjustment3.12
3.10Carrier Level Mute3.12
3.11
3.11.1
3.11.2
3.12
3.12.1
3.12.2
3.12.3
Audio Processor Links
General
Audio Processor Linking Details For CTCSS
Audio Processor
Line Amplifier Output
Monitor Amplifier Output (Speaker Output)
CTCSS
Decoder Operation
Opening Sinad
High Pass Filter
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.13
3.13
3.13
3.13
3.13
3.13
3.14
3.13RSSI3.14
FigureTitlePage
3.1
3.2
T825 Test Equipment Set-up For Short Tuning Procedure
T825 Test Equipment Set-up For Full Tuning & Adjustment
Procedure
3.4
3.4
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M820-00T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentB3.3
3.1Introduction
When you receive your T825 receiver it will be run up and working on a particular frequency (the "default channel")
2MHz switching range (i.e. ±1MHz from the factory programmed frequency), you
should only need to reprogram the receiver with the PGM800Win software (refer to the
PGM800Win programming kit and Section 3.2 below).
However, if you want to switch to a frequency outside the 2MHz switching range, you
will have to reprogram and re-tune the receiver to ensure correct operation. In this case
you should carry out the short tuning procedure described in Section 3.4.
If you have carried out repairs or other major adjustments, you must carry out the full
tuning and adjustment procedure described in this section (except for Section 3.4).
1
. If you want to switch to a frequency that is within the
3.2Channel Programming
You can program up to 128 channel frequencies into the receiver’s EEPROM memory
(IC820) by using the PGM800Win software package and an IBM
PGM800Win to select the receiver’s current operating frequency (or "default channel").
If the receiver is installed in a rack frame, you can program it via the programming port
in the speaker panel. However, you can also program the receiver before it is installed
in a rack frame as follows:
PC. You can also use
• by using a T800-01-0010 calibration test unit;
•via D-range 1;
• via D-range 2 (standard T800-03-0000 auxiliary D-range only);
• via SK805 (internal Micromatch connector).
If you do not use the T800-01-0010, you will have to connect the PC to the receiver via a
module programming interface (such as the T800-01-0004).
For a full description of the channel programming procedure, refer to the PGM800Win
programming software user’s manual.
Note:
When an auxiliary D-range kit (D-range 2 - T800-03-0000) is fitted, you can
also select a channel with an external switch, such as the DIP switch on the
rack frame backplane PCB. Refer to Part C in the T800 Series Ancillary
Equipment Service Manual (M800-00-101 or later issue) or consult your
nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation for further details.
1. Use the "Read Module" function in PGM800Win to find out what the default channel is.
•4Ω speaker (not needed if the calibration test unit is used)
Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 show
typical test equipment set-ups
(with and without a T800-01-0010
calibration test unit).
RF Signal
Generator
Audio Signal
Generator
PGM800Win
PSU
External
Modulation
+13.8V
-Ve
RF In
Receiver
T800
Calibration
Test Unit
Line
Line
Sinad
Meter
Audio
Voltmeter
Figure 3.1 T825 Test Equipment Set-up For Short Tuning Procedure
PSU
RF Signal
Generator
External
Modulation
Audio Signal
Generator
PGM800Win
+13.8V
-Ve
RF In
Receiver
GND
via module programming interface
Serial
(e.g. T800-01-0004)
Com
Line
Line
Speaker
Output
600Ω
Distortion
Meter
Sinad
Meter
Audio
Voltmeter
Oscilloscope
CH1
ND
G
(Or 4Ω Resistor)
H2
C
Probe
4Ω Speaker
Figure 3.2 T825 Test Equipment Set-up For Full Tuning & Adjustment Procedure
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M820-00T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentB3.5
3.4Short Tuning Procedure
Use this procedure only if you want to reprogram the receiver to a frequency outside the
2MHz switching range and do not intend to carry out any other major adjustments or
repairs.
3.4.1Introduction
Reprogram the operating frequency as described in the PGM800Win programming kit (refer to Section 3.2).
Remove the top cover (nearest the handle).
Set up the test equipment as described in Section 3.3.
Set the links in the audio processor section as required (refer to Section 3.5).
3.4.2Synthesiser Alignment
•Connect a high impedance voltmeter to PL4-1 or the junction of L1 & R1 in the
VCO (this measures the synthesiser loop voltage).
•Single ChannelTune VCO trimmer &VC1-RX for a synthesiser loop volt-
age of 9V.
MultichannelTune VCO trimmer &VC1-RX for a synthesiser loop volt-
age of 9V on the middle channel.
If there is no middle channel, tune &VC1-RX so that the
channels are symmetrically placed around a loop voltage
of 9V.
All channels should lie within the upper and lower limits
of 13V and 5V respectively.
Do not attempt to program channels with a greater frequency separation than the specified switching range of
2MHz.
3.4.3Front End Alignment
Note 1:
Note 2:
Copyright TEL01/04/00
In this and following sections deviation settings are given first for wide
bandwidth sets, followed by settings in brackets for narrow bandwidth sets
[ ].
For multichannel operation align the receiver on a frequency in the middle
of the required band.
Set RV230 (front panel gating sensitivity) fully clockwise.
Page 48
B3.6T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentM820-00
Inject a strong on-channel RF signal with ±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz into
the antenna socket and adjust front end doublets L410, L409, L403 & L402 to give
best sinad.
Continually decrease the RF level to maintain 12dB sinad.
Readjust L410, L409, L403 & L402 to give best sinad.
With PL210 and PL220 connected for de-emphasised audio response, the receiver
sensitivity should be better than -117dBm, assuming that the audio levels are not
being overdriven (refer to Section 3.4.5).
3.4.4Mute Adjustment
Carry out the one of the following sets of instructions according to the mute option you
have selected.
3.4.4.1Noise Mute
Connect pins 1 & 2 of PL250 to enable the noise mute.
Set the RF level to -105dBm with ±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz.
Set RV230 (front panel gating sensitivity) fully anticlockwise.
Adjust RV331 (noise mute gain) fully anticlockwise to close the mute (if necessary
turn off the RF signal and then turn it on again).
Rotate RV331 clockwise until the mute just opens.
Reset the signal generator for the required opening sinad and adjust RV230 clockwise until the mute just opens.
3.4.4.2Carrier Level Mute
Connect pins 2 & 3 of PL250 to enable the carrier mute and disable the noise mute.
Apply an on-channel signal from the RF generator at the required mute opening
level with ±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz.
Adjust RV235 (carrier mute) clockwise to close the mute (if necessary, momentarily turn off the RF), then slowly adjust it anticlockwise until the mute just opens.
The mute should now open at this preset level.
3.4.5Line Amplifier Output
Apply an on-channel signal from the RF generator at a level of -70dBm with
±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz.
Adjust RV210 (front panel line level) to set the line level to the required output
level.
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M820-00T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentB3.7
3.4.6CTCSS
3.4.6.1Decoder Operation
Program a CTCSS tone on the default channel using PGM800Win.
Set the RF signal generator output to -70dBm.
Modulate the generator with both:
• a 1kHz tone at ±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz];
• and a CTCSS tone at the programmed frequency at ±500Hz deviation
[±300Hz].
Check that the receiver gate opens and the front panel "Gate" LED is on.
3.4.6.2Opening Sinad
Ensure a CTCSS tone is present (as described in Section 3.4.6.1).
Observe the sinad meter and reduce the RF level until the receiver mute closes.
Slowly increase the signal level until the receiver mute just opens and stays open.
With PL240 pins 1 & 2 linked (high pass filter bypassed), check that the sinad is
less than 6dB.
Reset the signal generator for the required opening sinad, adjust RV230 fully anticlockwise, then clockwise until the mute just opens.
3.4.6.3High Pass Filter
Ensure a CTCSS tone is present (as described in Section 3.4.6.1).
Set the audio processor links as follows:
PlugLinkFunction
PL2101 - 2
de-emphasised response
PL2202 - 3
PL2302 - 3audio from internal CTCSS speech filter
PL2404 - 5audio input via PL230 or I/O pad
Reset the RF signal generator output to -70dBm and note the line level (measurement A).
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B3.8T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentM820-00
Reduce the 1kHz generator to zero output and measure the line level again (measurement B).
Check that measurement B is at least 30dB below measurement A.
3.4.7RSSI (If Used)
Align the receiver as instructed in Section 3.6 and Section 3.7.
Apply an on-channel signal from the RF generator at a level of -100dBm with
±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz.
Adjust RV330 (RSSI level) to give 4.5V RSSI output on pin 5 of D-range 1 (PL100)
when measured with a high impedance DMM.
3.5Audio Processor Links
3.5.1General
Use the following table to set up the audio processor to the configuration you require.
You should set the audio processor links before carrying out the receiver alignment.
The factory settings are shown in brackets [ ].
PlugLinkFunction
PL210
PL220
PL230
PL240
[1 - 2]
2 - 3
1 - 2
[2 - 3]
a
a
1 - 2
[2 - 3]
3 - 4
1 - 2
[2 - 3]
or
3 - 4
audio from internal CTCSS speech filter
de-emphasised response
flat response
flat response
de-emphasised response
audio input via AUDIO-2 pad
audio input via I/O pad P250
bypass high pass filter
300Hz high pass filter in circuit
4 - 5
PL250
PL260
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[1 - 2]
2 - 3
1 - 2
[2 - 3]
audio input via PL230 or I/O pad
noise mute
carrier mute
RX-DISABLE link
not connected
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M820-00T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentB3.9
PlugLinkFunction
PL270
a. Refer to Section 3.5.2 for further details.
[1 - 2]
2 - 3
relay link
not connected
3.5.2Audio Processor Linking Details For CTCSS
You must connect the audio processor links correctly according to the CTCSS option
used, as shown in the table below.
CTCSS OptionPL230PL240
standard, no CTCSS2 - 32 - 3
received CTCSS + speech
passed to line output
high pass filtered speech,
internal CTCSS detection
external CTCSS detection1 - 24 - 5
3 - 41 - 2
2 - 34 - 5
The conditions stated in the above table are defined as follows:
•standard, no CTCSS-no CTCSS or other sub-audio signalling used
-audio bandwidth 300Hz to 3kHz
-hum & noise -55dB
•received CTCSS tone -tone and speech transmitted down 600 ohm line
+ speech to line output-audio bandwidth 10Hz to 3kHz
-hum & noise -45dB
•high pass filtered speech-400Hz to 3kHz
+ internal CTCSS detection -hum & noise -30dB with 250.3Hz tone present
•external CTCSS detection-decoding performed through the receiver (but
externally)
-speech injected back into receiver via "AUDIO-2"
and sent down 600 ohm line
Note 1:
AUDIO-2 is available on D-range 1 (PL100) pin 7 via the link resistor R160.
Although PL100 pin 7 is already assigned to SERIAL-COM, this can be disabled by removing R808.
Note 2:
External CTCSS units can connect in series with the audio chain via
AUDIO-1 and AUDIO-2.
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B3.10T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentM820-00
3.6Synthesiser Alignment
•Ensure that the receiver has been programmed with the required frequencies
using PGM800Win software.
•Connect a high impedance voltmeter to PL4-1 or the junction of L1 & R1 in the
VCO (this measures the synthesiser loop voltage).
•Single ChannelTune VCO trimmer &VC1-RX for a synthesiser loop volt-
age of 9V.
MultichannelTune VCO trimmer &VC1-RX for a synthesiser loop volt-
age of 9V on the middle channel.
If there is no middle channel, tune &VC1-RX so that the
channels are symmetrically placed around a loop voltage
of 9V.
All channels should lie within the upper and lower limits
of 13V and 5V respectively.
Do not attempt to program channels with a greater frequency separation than the specified switching range of
2MHz.
•The TCXO (=IC700) output frequency should be trimmed when the IF is tuned refer to Section 3.7.
3.7Alignment Of Receiver Front End And IF
Note 1:
Note 2:
In this and following sections deviation settings are given first for wide
bandwidth sets, followed by settings in brackets for narrow bandwidth sets
[ ].
Before carrying out this alignment procedure, check that the solder links
in the receiver front end are set as described in the following table:
Frequency RangeLinkedNot Linked
66-76MHz#SL400
#SL402
#SL403
#SL405
76-88MHz#SL401
#SL404
#SL401
#SL404
#SL400
#SL402
#SL403
#SL405
Align the synthesiser as instructed in Section 3.6. For multichannel operation
align the receiver on a frequency in the middle of the required band.
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M820-00T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentB3.11
Set RV230 (front panel gating sensitivity) fully clockwise.
Inject a strong on-channel RF signal with ±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz into
the antenna socket and adjust front end doublets L410, L409, L403 & L402 to give
best sinad.
Continually decrease the RF level to maintain 12dB sinad.
Tune quad coil L330 for maximum audio level.
While maintaining a low level unmodulated RF input to the receiver, loosely couple into the first IF an additional high level signal at 10.7MHz - you will hear a
beat note.
Trim the synthesiser TCXO (=IC700) for zero beat.
Note:
If a second oscillator is not available, you can connect a frequency counter to
IC710 pin 6 (i.e. after the TCXO buffer) via an oscilloscope probe to measure
the TCXO frequency directly (12.8MHz). At this point the voltage level is
approximately 4V p-p.
Readjust L410, L409, L403 & L402 to give best sinad.
Change the RF signal level to -70dBm and modulate with ±3kHz deviation
[±1.5kHz] at 1kHz.
Connect plugs PL210 and PL220 to give a flat audio response (refer to Section 3.5).
Adjust quad coil L330 and CV300 for minimum audio distortion.
Check that the distortion reading is:
wide bandwidth≤2%
narrow bandwidth≤4%.
If required, reconnect plugs PL210 and PL220 to give a de-emphasised audio
response and check that the distortion reading is ≤2% (both bandwidths).
Reduce the RF level until 12dB sinad is reached. The receiver sensitivity should
be better than -117dBm (de-emphasised) or -111dBm (flat), assuming that the
audio levels are not being overdriven (refer to Section 3.11).
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B3.12T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentM820-00
3.8Gating Delay
Two solder links (SL210 & SL220) are provided on the top of the PCB to allow three gate
delay time options, as shown in the table below.
SL210SL220Closing Delay
linkednot linked<50ms*
not linkedlinked<25ms
not linkednot linked<20ms
*Factory setting.
3.9Noise Mute Adjustment
Connect pins 1 & 2 of PL250 to enable the noise mute.
Align the receiver as instructed in Section 3.6 and Section 3.7.
Set the RF level to -105dBm with ±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz.
Set RV230 (front panel gating sensitivity) fully anticlockwise.
Adjust RV331 (noise mute gain) fully anticlockwise to close the mute (if necessary
turn off the RF signal and then turn it on again).
Rotate RV331 clockwise until the mute just opens.
Reset the signal generator for the required opening sinad and adjust RV230 clockwise until the mute just opens.
3.10Carrier Level Mute
Connect pins 2 & 3 of PL250 to enable the carrier mute and disable the noise mute.
Apply an on-channel signal from the RF generator at the required mute opening
level with ±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz.
Adjust RV235 (carrier mute) clockwise to close the mute (if necessary, momentarily turn off the RF), then slowly adjust it anticlockwise until the mute just opens.
The mute should now open at this preset level.
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M820-00T825 Initial Tuning & AdjustmentB3.13
3.11Audio Processor
3.11.1Line Amplifier Output
Apply an on-channel signal from the RF generator at a level of -70dBm with
±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz.
Adjust RV210 (front panel line level) to give an output of +10dBm on the 600 ohm
line.
Check for any clipping or distortion on the oscilloscope.
Set the line level to the required output level.
3.11.2Monitor Amplifier Output (Speaker Output)
Adjust RV205 (front panel monitor volume) to give an output of 2V rms into a 4
ohm resistive load.
Check for any clipping or distortion on the oscilloscope.
Switch to a 4 ohm speaker and adjust RV205 to the required level.
3.12CTCSS
3.12.1Decoder Operation
Program a CTCSS tone on the default channel using PGM800Win.
Set the RF signal generator output to -70dBm.
Modulate the generator with both:
• a 1kHz tone at ±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz];
• and a CTCSS tone at the programmed frequency at ±500Hz deviation
[±300Hz].
Check that the receiver gate opens and the front panel "Gate" LED is on.
3.12.2Opening Sinad
Ensure a CTCSS tone is present (as described in Section 3.12.1).
Observe the sinad meter and reduce the RF level until the receiver mute closes.
Slowly increase the signal level until the receiver mute just opens and stays open.
With PL240 pins 1 & 2 linked (high pass filter bypassed), check that the sinad is
less than 6dB.
Reset the signal generator for the required opening sinad, adjust RV230 fully anticlockwise, then clockwise until the mute just opens.
3.12.3High Pass Filter
Ensure a CTCSS tone is present (as described in Section 3.12.1).
Set the audio processor links as follows:
PlugLinkFunction
PL2101 - 2de-emphasised response
PL2302 - 3audio from internal CTCSS speech filter
PL2404 - 5audio input via PL230 or I/O pad
Reset the RF signal generator output to -70dBm and note the line level (measurement A).
Reduce the 1kHz generator to zero output and measure the line level again (measurement B).
Check that measurement B is at least 30dB below measurement A.
3.13RSSI
Align the receiver as instructed in Section 3.6 and Section 3.7.
Apply an on-channel signal from the RF generator at a level of -100dBm with
±3kHz deviation [±1.5kHz] at 1kHz.
Adjust RV320 (RSSI level) to give 4.5V RSSI output on pin 5 of D-range 1 (PL100)
when measured with a high impedance DMM.
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M820-00T825 PCB InformationB6.1.1
6T825 PCB Information
Caution:This equipment contains CMOS devices which are susceptible to damage from
static charges. Refer to Section 1.2 in Part A for more information on anti-static
procedures when handling these devices.
This section provides the following information on the T825 receiver:
•parts lists
• grid reference index
•PCB layouts
• circuit diagrams.
SectionTitleIPNPage
6.1Introduction6.1.3
6.2T825 Receiver PCB220-01446-036.2.1
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B6.1.2T825 PCB InformationM820-00
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M820-00T825 PCB InformationB6.1.3
6.1Introduction
Product Type Identification
You can identify the receiver type by checking the product code printed on a label on the rear of the
chassis (product codes are explained in Section 1.3 in this Part of the manual, and Figure 1.1 in Part
A shows typical labels). You can further verify the receiver type by checking the placement of an
SMD resistor in the table that is screen printed onto the top side of the PCB, similar to the example
drawn below. In this example, the resistor indicates that the product was built as a T825-10-XXXX.
825-PRODUCT TYPE
825-825-10825825-825-825-
PRODUCT TYPE825-15825-
Note:
The only function of this resistor is to indicate the product type. It has no effect on the
circuitry or operation of the receiver.
PCB Identification
All PCBs are identified by a unique 10 digit “internal part number” (IPN), e.g. 220-12345-00, which
is screen printed onto the PCB (usually on the top side), as shown in the example below:
The last 2 digits of this number define the issue status, which starts at 00 and increments through 01,
02, 03, etc. as the PCB is updated. Some issue PCBs never reach full production status and are therefore not included in this manual. A letter following the 10 digit IPN has no relevance in identifying
the PCB for service purposes.
Note:
It is important that you identify which issue PCB you are working on so that you can
refer to the appropriate set of PCB information.
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B6.1.4T825 PCB InformationM820-00
y
Parts Lists
The 10 digit numbers (000-00000-00) in this Parts List are “internal part numbers” (IPNs). We can
process your spare parts orders more efficiently and accurately if you quote the IPN and provide a
brief description of the part.
The components listed in this parts list are divided into two main types: those with a circuit reference (e.g. C2, D1, R121, etc.) and those without (miscellaneous and mechanical).
Those with a circuit reference are grouped in alphabetical order and then in numerical order within
each group. Each component entry comprises three or four columns, as shown below:
circuit reference lists components
in alphanumeric
order
variant column indicates that this is
a variant component
which is fitted only to
the product type listed
description gives a brief description
of the component
Internal Part Number order the component
this number
b
The mechanical and miscellaneous section lists the variant and common parts in IPN order.
Parts List Amendments
At the front of the parts list is the Parts List Amendments box (an example of which is shown
below). This box contains a list of component changes which took place after the parts list and diagrams in this section were compiled. These changes (e.g. value changes, added/deleted components, etc.) are listed by circuit reference in alphanumeric order and supersede the information
given in the parts list or diagrams. Components without circuit references are listed in IPN order.
The number in brackets at the end of each entry refers to the Tait internal Change Order document.
IPN of new
component
Parts List Amendments
R306Changed from 180Ω to 560Ω (036-13560-00) to increase sensitivity (71003).
Change Order
number
circuit reference
or IPN
01/04/00Copyright TEL
description
of change
Page 61
M820-00T825 PCB InformationB6.1.5
Variant Components
A variant component is one that has the same circuit reference but different value or specification in
different product types. Where two products share the same PCB, the term “variant” is also used to
describe components unplaced in one product. Variant components have a character prefix, such as
“&”, “=” or “#”, before the circuit reference (e.g. &R100).
The table below explains the variant prefixes used in T800 Series II products:
If the variant prefix is. . .the component will. . .
&change according to channel spacing
=change according to frequency stability
#change according to frequency range
%change or be placed/unplaced for special applications
*
be unplaced in one product
(where two products share the same PCB)
Grid Reference Index
This section contains a component grid reference index to help you find components and labelled
pads on the PCB layouts and circuit diagrams. This index lists the components and pads in alphanumeric order, along with the appropriate alphanumeric grid references, as shown below:
PCB layout
components listed
in alphanumeric order
reference
circuit diagram
reference
component location
on the sheet
sheet number
component location
on the layer
layer number 1 = top side layer
2 = bottom side layer
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B6.1.6T825 PCB InformationM820-00
t
s
Using CAD Circuit Diagrams
Reading a CAD circuit diagram is similar to reading a road map, in that both have an alphanumeric
border. The circuit diagrams in this manual use letters to represent the horizontal axis, and numbers for the vertical axis. These circuit diagram “grid references” are useful in following a circuit
that is spread over two or more sheets.
When a line representing part of the circuitry is discontinued, a reference will be given at the end of
the line to indicate where the rest of the circuitry is located, as shown below. The first digit refers to
the sheet number and the last two characters refer to the location on that sheet of the continuation of
the circuit (e.g. 1R3).
hese grid references
how where the circuit
is continued
DISCRIMINATOR
1R3
2R9
2R9
8A2
IF-SIG
4R4
%R338
100
C301
4N7
C369
100P
L310
33U
C371
10U
R339
100K
R303
D
S
12
G
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M820-00T825 PCB InformationB6.2.1
6.2T825 Receiver PCB
This section contains the following information.
IPNSectionPage
220-01446-03
Parts List
Mechanical & Miscellaneous Parts
Grid Reference Index
PCB Layout - Top Side
PCB Layout - Bottom Side
Receiver Overview Diagram
Audio Processor Circuit Diagram
IF Section Circuit Diagram
Front End Circuit Diagram
VCO Section Circuit Diagram
Regulators Circuit Diagram
Synthesiser Circuit Diagram
Microcontroller Circuit Diagram
Harmonic Filter Circuit Diagram
6.2.3
6.2.9
6.2.11
6.2.15
6.2.16
6.2.17
6.2.18
6.2.19
6.2.20
6.2.21
6.2.22
6.2.23
6.2.24
6.2.25
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B6.2.2T825 PCB InformationM820-00
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 65
IPN 220-01446-03
M820-00T825 PCB Information
B6.2.3
T825 Parts List (IPN 220-01446-03)
How To Use This Parts List
The components listed in this parts list are divided into two main types: those with a circuit reference (e.g. C2, D1, R121, etc.) and
those without (miscellaneous and mechanical).
Those with a circuit reference are grouped in alphabetical order and then in numerical order within each group. Each component
entry comprises three or four columns: the circuit reference, variant (if applicable), IPN and description. A number in the variant column indicates that this is a variant component which is fitted only to the product type listed. Static sensitive devices are indicated by
an (S) at the start of the description column.
The miscellaneous and mechanical section lists the variant and common par ts in IPN order. Where possible, a number in the legend
column indicates their position in the mechanical assembly drawing.
The Parts List Amendments box below lists component changes that took place af ter the parts list and diagrams in this section were
compiled. These changes (e.g. value changes, added/deleted components, etc.) are listed by circuit reference in alphanumeric order
and supersede the information given in the parts list or diagrams. Components without circuit references are listed in IPN order.
Parts List Amendments
There were no amendments to the parts list at the time of publication.
Copyright TEL01/04/00
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IPN 220-01446-03
B6.2.4
Parts List Amendments - Continued
This page is provided for entering future amendments to the parts list.
T825 PCB InformationM820-00
01/04/00Copyright TEL
Page 67
IPN 220-01446-03
M820-00T825 PCB Information
RefVarIPND escripti onRefVar IPNDescription
C201014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C203015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C205015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C207014-07100-02 CAP TANT CHIP 1U0 3.2 X 1.6MM
C209016-08470-03 CAP SMD ELEC 47mF 20% 25v 8.3m
C210015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C211015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C212015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C213015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C215015-21220-01 CAP CER 0805 2P2+-1/4P NPO 50V
C217015-22470-01 CAP CER 0805 47P 5% NPO 50V
C219015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C221015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C222014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C223015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C225015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C227015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C229014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C231014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C233014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C235015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C237015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C238015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C239016-09100-05 CAP SMD ELECT 100U 25V 20%
C240A015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C240B015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C240C016-09220-01 CAP SMD ELECT 220U 35V 20%
C249016-09470-01 L)CAP ELECT 470U 20% SMD
C251015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C253016-09100-05 CAP SMD ELECT 100U 25V 20%
C255015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C257015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C259015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C260A015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C260B015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C260C016-09220-01 CAP SMD ELECT 220U 35V 20%
C261016-09100-05 CAP SMD ELECT 100U 25V 20%
C262016-09100-05 CAP SMD ELECT 100U 25V 20%
C264015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C266016-07470-06 CAP SMD ELECT BI-P 4U7 50V 20%
C268016-07470-06 CAP SMD ELECT BI-P 4U7 50V 20%
C270015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C272015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C273014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C274015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C276015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C278015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C280015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C286015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C300015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
CV300028-01500-01 CAP TRM 1.5/5P NPO TOP ADJ
C301015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C302015-22560-01 CAP CER 0805 56P 5% NPO 50V
C303014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C304015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C305015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C306015-22390-01 CAP CER 0805 39P 5% NPO 50V
C307015-23120-01 CAP CER 0805 120P 5% NPO 50V
C308015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
&C309 10015-22180-01 CAP CER 0805 18P 5% NPO 50V
&C309 15015-22220-01 CAP CER 0805 22P 5% NPO 50V
&C310 10015-21180-01 CAP CER 0805 1P8+-1/4P NPO 50V
&C310 15015-22180-01 CAP CER 0805 18P 5% NPO 50V
&C311 10015-22180-01 CAP CER 0805 18P 5% NPO 50V
&C311 15015-22220-01 CAP CER 0805 22P 5% NPO 50V
C312015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C313015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C314014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C315015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C316015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C317015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
&C318 10015-23120-01 CAP CER 0805 120P 5% NPO 50V
&C318 15015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
&C319 10015-22180-01 CAP CER 0805 18P 5% NPO 50V
&C319 15015-22180-01 CAP CER 0805 18P 5% NPO 50V
C320015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C321015-23330-08 CAP CER 0805 330P 10% X7R 50V
&C325 10015-22180-01 CAP CER 0805 18P 5% NPO 50V
&C325 15015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
&C326 10015-22220-01 CAP CER 0805 22P 5% NPO 50V
C327015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C329015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C330015-22470-01 CAP CER 0805 47P 5% NPO 50V
C331015-22560-01 CAP CER 0805 56P 5% NPO 50V
C332015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C333014-07470-03 L) CAP TANT SMD 4U7 35V 20%
C334015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C335015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C336015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C337015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C338015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C339015-22100-01 CAP CER 0805 10P+-1/2P NPO 50V
C340015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C341015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C342015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C343015-22560-01 CAP CER 0805 56P 5% NPO 50V
C344015-22560-01 CAP CER 0805 56P 5% NPO 50V
C345015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C348015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C349015-23120-01 CAP CER 0805 120P 5% NPO 50V
C350015-22560-01 CAP CER 0805 56P 5% NPO 50V
C351015-22560-01 CAP CER 0805 56P 5% NPO 50V
C352015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C353015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C354015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C355015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C357015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C358015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C359015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C360015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C361015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C362014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C363015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C364015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C365015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C366014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C367015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C400015-23220-01 CAP CER 0805 220P 5% NPO 50V
C401015-23220-01 CAP CER 0805 220P 5% NPO 50V
C402015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C403015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C404015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C405015-23470-08 CAP CER 0805 470P 10% X7R 50V
C408015-22390-01 CAP CER 0805 39P 5% NPO 50V
C409015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C410015-22560-01 CAP CER 0805 56P 5% NPO 50V
C411015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C412015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C416015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C417015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C418015-22390-01 CAP CER 0805 39P 5% NPO 50V
C419015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C420015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C424015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C425015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C426015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C427015-05470-08 CAP CER 1206 47N 10% X7R 50V
C428015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C432015-22820-01 CAP CER 0805 82P 5% NPO 50V
C433015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C434015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C435015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C436015-22390-01 CAP CER 0805 39P 5% NPO 50V
C440015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C441015-22560-01 CAP CER 0805 56P 5% NPO 50V
C442015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C443015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C444015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C448015-22270-01 CAP CER 0805 27P 5% NPO 50V
C449015-22390-01 CAP CER 0805 39P 5% NPO 50V
C450015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C505015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C515015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C530014-08220-01 (L)CAP TANT 22UF10V276MSER
C535015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C610A015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C610B014-09100-00 CAP TANT SMD 100U 16V 20%
C611A014-09100-00 CAP TANT SMD 100U 16V 20%
C611B015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C623015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C625020-09470-07 CAPEL470M16V20%V 8*20 3.5L.ESR
C626015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C628015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C630015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C631A015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C631B014-08100-03 CAP TANT SMD 10U 35V 20%
C637015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C640015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C650015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C651015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C658015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C660015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C665014-08100-03 CAP TANT SMD 10U 35V 20%
C670014-07330-10 CAP TANT SMD 3U3 35V 10%
C673015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C677014-07100-02 CAP TANT CHIP 1U0 3.2 X 1.6MM
C681015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C684014-08100-03 CAP TANT SMD 10U 35V 20%
C687015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C690015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C693014-08100-03 CAP TANT SMD 10U 35V 20%
C700015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C702015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C703015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C705015-21820-02 L)CAP 0805 8P2 15 NPO 50V
C707015-22470-01 CAP CER 0805 47P 5% NPO 50V
C708015-22470-01 CAP CER 0805 47P 5% NPO 50V
C709015-22100-01 CAP CER 0805 10P+-1/2P NPO 50V
C710A014-07470-00 CAP TANT CHIP 4U7 3.5 X 2.8MM
C710B015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C710C015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C711015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C712015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C713015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C735015-22470-01 CAP CER 0805 47P 5% NPO 50V
C736015-22470-01 CAP CER 0805 47P 5% NPO 50V
B6.2.5
Copyright TEL01/04/00
Page 68
IPN 220-01446-03
B6.2.6
RefVarIPNDescriptionRefVarIPNDescription
C740A015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C740B015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C741A014-07470-00 CAP TANT CHIP 4U7 3.5 X 2.8MM
C741B015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C742A015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C742B015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C743015-22470-01 CAP CER 0805 47P 5% NPO 50V
C745015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C750014-08100-03 CAP TANT SMD 10U 35V 20%
C757015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C759015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C761015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C762014-08220-01 (L)CAP TANT 22UF10V276MSER
C764015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C765014-07470-00 CAP TANT CHIP 4U7 3.5 X 2.8MM
C767015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C769015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C770014-08220-01 (L)CAP TANT 22UF10V276MSER
C772014-08220-01 (L)CAP TANT 22UF10V276MSER
C774022-07100-05 CAP METAL PPS 1U 20% 63V 5MM
C776015-25330-08 CAP CER 0805 CHIP 33NF
C782015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C784015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C786015-26100-08 CAP CER 0805 100N 10% X7R 50V
C788015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C790015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C792015-24470-08 CAP CER 0805 4N7 10% X7R 50V
C793015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C810015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C812015-23100-01 CAP CER 0805 100P 5% NPO 50V
C813015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C814015-24100-08 CAP CER 0805 1N 10% X7R 50V
C815015-05100-07 CAP 1206 CHIP NPO 10nF 25V
C816015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C818015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C819015-22330-01 CAP CER 0805 33P 5% NPO 50V
C820015-23220-01 CAP CER 0805 220P 5% NPO 50V
C822015-25220-08 CAP CER 0805 22N 10% X7R 50V
C824015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C826015-05100-07 CAP 1206 CHIP NPO 10nF 25V
C828015-05100-07 CAP 1206 CHIP NPO 10nF 25V
C830015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C832014-07100-02 CAP TANT CHIP 1U0 3.2 X 1.6MM
C833015-25220-08 CAP CER 0805 22N 10% X7R 50V
C834015-25100-08 CAP CER 0805 10N 10% X7R 50V
C836015-05100-07 CAP 1206 CHIP NPO 10nF 25V
C837015-05100-07 CAP 1206 CHIP NPO 10nF 25V
C838015-05100-07 CAP 1206 CHIP NPO 10nF 25V
C840015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C842014-07100-02 CAP TANT CHIP 1U0 3.2 X 1.6MM
C844014-07100-02 CAP TANT CHIP 1U0 3.2 X 1.6MM
C846014-07100-02 CAP TANT CHIP 1U0 3.2 X 1.6MM
C848014-07100-02 CAP TANT CHIP 1U0 3.2 X 1.6MM
C850015-25470-08 CAP CER 0805 47N 10% X7R 50V
C873015-25220-08 CAP CER 0805 22N 10% X7R 50V
C876014-09100-00 CAP TANT SMD 100U 16V 20%
C879014-08100-00 CAP TANT CHIP 10M 16VW +-20%
C900015-22330-01 CAP CER 0805 33P 5% NPO 50V
C901015-22680-01 CAP CER 0805 68P 5% NPO 50V
C902015-22680-01 CAP CER 0805 68P 5% NPO 50V
C903015-22330-01 CAP CER 0805 33P 5% NPO 50V
T825 Mechanical & Miscellaneous Parts (220-01446-03)
IPNLeg en d DescriptionIPNLegend Description
002-08951-20S) IC AT89C51 PLCC44 MIC 12MHZ
220-01446-03PCB T825 RX SII
230-00010-31SWITCH COVER FOR 230-00010-30
240-02100-06SKT COAX N TYPE PNL MTG OP-TER
240-04020-62SKT 2 W RECEP SHORTING LINK
240-04021-77SKT JACK 1.3 PCB MT 64W
303-11169-04CHASSIS PAINTED T800 SER II
303-23118-00COVER A3M2247 D RANGE T855/7
303-50074-00CLIP A3M2246 SPRING CLAMP T857
308-01007-01HANDLE BS SII 2 WASHERS INC
311-01015-00KNOB 15MM & SKIRT 6MM SFT
312-01052-02LID TOP T800 SER II PTND
312-01053-02LID BOTTOM T800 SER II PNTD
316-06622-00PNL FRT RX T800 SERIES II
349-00020-36SCREW TT M3X8m PANTORX BLK
349-00020-36SCREW TT M3X8m PANTORX BLK
349-00020-43SCRW T/T M4X12MM P/POZ BZ
349-00020-45SCRW T/T M4X20MM P/POZ BZ
349-00020-55SCRW M3*8 P/P T/T BLCKZNC CHRM
352-00010-08NUT M3 COLD FORM HEX ST BZ
352-00010-29NUT M4 NYLOC HEX
353-00010-13WSHR M3 S/PROOF INT BZ
353-00010-24WSHR M4x8mm Flat
356-00010-03TAG SOLDER 3MM LONG M614/3.2
362-00010-33GROMMET LED MTG 3MM
399-00010-51BAG PLASTIC 75*100MM
B6.2.9
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B6.2.10T825 PCB InformationM820-00
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IPN 220-01446-03
M820-00T825 PCB Information
B6.2.11
T825 Grid Reference Index (IPN 220-01446-03)
How To Use This Grid Reference Index
The first digit in the PCB layout reference is a "1" or "2", indicating the top or bottom side layout respectively, and the last two characters give the location of the component on that diagram .
The first digit in the circuit diagram reference is the sheet number, and the last two charac ters give the location of the component on
that sheet.
This part of the manual is divided into six sections, as listed below. There is a detailed
table of contents at the start of each section.
SectionTitle
1General Information
2Circuit Operation
3Initial Tuning & Adjustment
4Functional Testing (not available for Tuning & Adjustment manual)
5Fault Finding (not available for Tuning & Adjustment manual)
6PCB Information
Copyright TEL01/07/00
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CIIM820-00
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M820-00T826/827 General InformationC1.1
1T826/827 General Information
This section provides a brief description of the T826 transmitter and T827 exciter, along
with detailed specifications and a list of types available.
The following topics are covered in this section.
SectionTitlePage
1.1Introduction1.3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.4.1
1.2.4.2
1.2.4.3
1.2.5
1.2.6
1.3Product Codes1.9
1.4T826 Standard Product Range1.10
1.5T827 Standard Product Range1.10
Specifications
Introduction
General
RF Section
Audio Processor
Inputs
Modulation Characteristics
CTCSS
Microcontroller
Tes t Sta n da rd s
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
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C1.2T826/827 General InformationM820-00
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M820-00T826/827 General InformationC1.3
1.1Introduction
The T826 is a synthesised, microprocessor controlled FM base station transmitter
designed for single or multichannel operation in the 66 to 88MHz frequency range
1
with
a standard power output of 25W. The RF section of the transmitter comprises a frequency synthesiser which provides 125mW of frequency modulated RF drive to a two
stage, wide band output driver followed by a 25W power amplifier. A thermal shutdown feature is provided in the T826 in case operating temperatures exceed acceptable
levels.
The T827 is a synthesised, microprocessor controlled FM base station exciter designed
for single or multichannel operation in the 66 to 88MHz frequency range
1
. With a standard power output of only 1W, the exciter is designed for use with the T828 50W power
amplifier. The RF section of the exciter comprises a frequency synthesiser which provides 125mW of frequency modulated RF drive to a two stage, wide band output amplifier.
A wide selection of audio characteristics may be obtained from the audio processor.
Optional circuit blocks are an audio compressor and a pre-emphasis stage. They can be
bypassed or linked to one or both audio inputs, and then back into the remaining audio
circuitry in almost any combination. All audio processor options are link selectable.
The synthesiser frequency is programmed via the serial communications port. Eight
channel select lines are accessible via an optional D-range connector (D-range 2 T800-03-0000) at the rear of the set.
All components except those of the VCO are mounted on a single PCB. This is secured
to a die-cast chassis which is divided into compartments to individually shield each section of circuitry. Access to both sides of the main circuit board is obtained by removing
each of the chassis lids. There is provision within the chassis to mount small option
PCBs.
The front panel controls include line sensitivity, microphone socket and carrier switch.
This switch turns on the carrier (unmodulated) as an aid to servicing.
The T826 and T827 are both 60mm wide and each occupies a single space in a Tait rack
frame, which has the ability to accommodate up to seven standard modules.
1. Although capable of operating over the 66-88MHz frequency range, the T826 and T827
have an 8MHz switching range (see Section 1.2.3 and Section 3.1).
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C1.4T826/827 General InformationM820-00
1.2Specifications
1.2.1Introduction
The performance figures given are minimum figures, unless otherwise indicated, for
equipment tuned with the maximum switching range and operating at standard room
temperature (+22°C to +28°C) and standard test voltage (13.8V DC).
Where applicable, the test methods used to obtain the following performance figures
are those described in the EIA and ETS specifications. However, there are several
parameters for which performance according to the CEPT specification is given. Refer
to Section 1.2.6 for details of test standards.
Details of test methods and the conditions which apply for Type Approval testing in all
countries can be obtained from Tait Electronics Ltd.
The terms "wide bandwidth" and "narrow bandwidth" used in this and following sections are defined in the following table.
Channel Spacing
Wide Bandwidth25kHz±5.0kHz15.0kHz
Narrow Bandwidth12.5kHz±2.5kHz7.5kHz
Modulation
100% Deviation
Receiver
IF Bandwidth
1.2.2General
Number Of Channels.. 128 (standard)
Supply Voltage:
Operating Voltage .. 10.8 to 16V DC
Standard Test Voltage .. 13.8V DC
Polarity .. negative earth only
Polarity Protection .. crowbar diode
Line Keying Supply (if required) .. -50V DC
Supply Current:
Transmit- T826.. 4.5A (typical)
- T827.. 650mA
Standby .. 160mA (typical)
1
Operating Temperature Range .. -30°C to +60°C
1. Additional channels may be factory programmed. Contact your nearest Tait Dealer or
Customer Service Organisation.
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M820-00T826/827 General InformationC1.5
Dimensions:
Height .. 183mm
Width .. 60mm
Length .. 322mm
Wei g h t . . 2 . 1 kg
Time-Out Timer (optional) .. 0 to 5 minutes
1
adjustable in 10 sec-
ond steps
Tail Timer .. 0 to 5 seconds adjustable in 100ms
2
steps
Transmit Key Time.. <30ms
Transmit Lockout Timer.. 0 to 1 minute adjustable in 10 second
steps
1.2.3RF Section
Frequency Range .. 66-88MHz (refer to Section 1.4 and
Section 1.5)
Modulation Type .. FM
Frequency Increment .. 5 or 6.25kHz
Switching Range .. 8MHz (i.e. ±4MHz from the centre
Attack Time .. 10ms
Decay Time .. 800ms
Range .. 50dB
1.2.4.3CTCSS
Standard Tones.. all 37 EIA group A, B and C tones
plus 13 commonly used tones
Frequency Error.. 0.08% max.
(from EIA tones)
Generated Tone Distortion.. 1.2% max.
Generated Tone Flatness.. flat across 67 to 250.3Hz to within 1dB
Modulation Level.. adjustable
Modulated Distortion.. <5%
1.2.5Microcontroller
Auxiliary Ports:
Open Drain Type.. capable of sinking 2.25mA via 2k2Ω
max... 5V
V
ds
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C1.8T826/827 General InformationM820-00
1.2.6Test Standards
Where applicable, this equipment is tested in accordance with the following standards.
1.2.6.1European Telecommunication Standard
ETS 300 086 January 1991
Radio equipment and systems; land mobile service; technical characteristics and test
conditions for radio equipment with an internal or external RF connector intended primarily for analogue speech.
ETS 300 113 March 1996
Radio equipment and systems; land mobile service; technical characteristics and test
conditions for radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and speech) and
having an antenna connector.
ETS 300 219 October 1993
Radio equipment and systems; land mobile service; technical characteristics and test
conditions for radio equipment transmitting signals to initiate a specific response in the
receiver.
ETS 300 279 February 1996
Radio equipment and systems; electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for private land mobile radio (PMR) and ancillary equipment (speech and/or non-speech).
1.2.6.2DTI CEPT Recommendation T/R-24-01
Annex I: 1988
Technical characteristics and test conditions for radio equipment in the land mobile
service intended primarily for analogue speech.
Annex II: 1988
Technical characteristics of radio equipment in the land mobile service with regard to
quality and stability of transmission.
1.2.6.3Telecommunications Industry Association
ANSI/TIA/EIA-603-1992
Land mobile FM or PM communications equipment measurement and performance
standards.
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M820-00T826/827 General InformationC1.9
1.3Product Codes
The three groups of digits in the T820 Series II product code provide information about
the model, type and options fitted, according to the conventions described below.
The following explanation of T820 Series II product codes is not intended to suggest that
any combination of features is necessarily available in any one product. Consult your
nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation for more information regarding
the availability of specific models, types and options.
Model
The Model group indicates the basic function of the product, as follows:
The Type group uses two digits to indicate the basic RF configuration of the product.
The first digit in the Type group designates the frequency range:
T82X-X
The second digit in the Type group indicates the channel spacing:
T82X-XX
X-XXXX’1’ for 66-88MHz
-XXXX’0’ for wide bandwidth (25kHz)
’5’ for narrow bandwidth (12.5kHz)
Options
T82X-XX-XXXXThe Options group uses four digits and/or letters to indicate
any options that may be fitted to the product. This includes
standard options and special options for specific customers.
’0000’ indicates a standard Tait product with no options fitted.
The large number of options precludes listing them here.
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C1.10T826/827 General InformationM820-00
1.4T826 Standard Product Range
The following table lists the range of standard T826 types (i.e. no options fitted) available at the time this manual was published. Consult your nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation for more information.
Frequency Range (MHz)66-88
Deviation (kHz)2.55
a
TCXO
Transmitter Type: T826-15-000010-0000
a. A TCXO with a stability of ±1ppm (0°C to +60°C) is
You can identify the transmitter type by checking the product code printed on a label on
the rear of the chassis (Figure 1.1 in Part A shows typical labels). You can further verify
the transmitter type by checking the placement of an SMD resistor in the table that is
screen printed onto the PCB (refer to Section 6.1 for more details).
±2.5ppm -30°C to +60°C
available to suit specific requirements. Contact your
nearest authorised Tait Dealer or Customer Service
Organisation for further details.
••
1.5T827 Standard Product Range
The following table lists the range of standard T827 types (i.e. no options fitted) available at the time this manual was published. Consult your nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation for more information.
Frequency Range (MHz)66-88
Deviation (kHz)2.55
a
TCXO
Transmitter Type: T827-15-000010-0000
a. A TCXO with a stability of ±1ppm (0°C to +60°C) is
You can identify the exciter type by checking the product code printed on a label on the
rear of the chassis (Figure 1.1 in Part A shows typical labels). You can further verify the
exciter type by checking the placement of an SMD resistor in the table that is screen
printed onto the PCB (refer to Section 6.1 for more details).
±2.5ppm -30°C to +60°C
available to suit specific requirements. Contact your
nearest authorised Tait Dealer or Customer Service
Organisation for further details.
••
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M820-00T826/827 Circuit OperationC2.1
2T826/827 Circuit Operation
This section provides a basic description of the circuit operation of the T826 transmitter
and T827 exciter.
Note:
Refer to Section 6 where the parts lists, grid reference index and diagrams will provide
detailed information on identifying and locating components and test points on the
main PCB. The parts list and diagrams for the VCO PCB are in Part E.
The following topics are covered in this section.
Unless otherwise specified, the term "PGM800Win" used in this and following sections refers to version 2.00 and later of the software.
SectionTitlePage
2.1Introduction2.3
2.2Microcontroller2.4
2.3
2.3.1
2.4
2.4.1
2.5
Synthesised Local Oscillator
Two Point Modulation
VCO
VCO Supply
Audio Processor
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.6Power Supply & Regulator Circuits2.10
2.7Transmit Timers2.11
2.8T826 Drive Amplifier & PA2.12
2.9T827 Exciter Drive Amplifier2.13
General
Audio Inputs
Keying Inputs
Compressor (Automatic Level Control (ALC))
Outputs To Modulators
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
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C2.2T826/827 Circuit OperationM820-00
FigureTitlePage
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
T826 High Level Block Diagram
T827 High Level Block Diagram
T826/827 Microcontroller Block Diagram
T826/827 Synthesiser Block Diagram
T826/827 Two Point Modulation
T826/827 Audio Processor Block Diagram
T826/827 Power Supply & Regulators Block Diagram
T826/827 Transmit Timers
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.10
2.11
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M820-00T826/827 Circuit OperationC2.3
2.1Introduction
The individual circuit blocks which make up the T826 and T827 are:
• synthesiser
•VCO
• audio processor
•drive amplifier
• power amplifier (T826 only)
• voltage regulators.
Each of these circuit blocks is set in its own shielded compartment, formed as an integral part of the main chassis.
The configuration of the circuit blocks may be seen on a functional level in Figure 2.1
and Figure 2.2. Refer to the circuit diagrams in Section 6.2 (T826) or 6.3 (T827) for more
detail.
Reference
Oscillator
12.8MHz
Microphone
Line
Tx Reg
Transformer
Reference
Oscillator
12.8MHz
Microphone
Line
Synthesiser
Audio
Processor
Transformer
+21dBm
Lock
Detect
&
Gate
PIN
Switch
Time
Delay
Time
Delay
Power
Control
Drive
Amp.
Ramp
Gen.
Exciter
Output
(+27dBm)
Figure 2.1 T826 High Level Block Diagram
Drive
Amp.
Ramp
Gen.
Switching
Control
Synthesiser
Audio
Processor
+21dBm
Lock
Detect
&
Gate
PIN
Switch
Time
Delay
PA
Time
Delay
Directional
Coupler
Low Pass
Filter
Low Pass
Filter
Exciter
Output
(1W)
PA Control Signal
(via exciter RF coax)
Transmitter
VCO
Output
(25W)
Tx Reg
Time
Delay
VCO
Figure 2.2 T827 High Level Block Diagram
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C2.4T826/827 Circuit OperationM820-00
2.2Microcontroller
(Refer to the microcontroller circuit diagram (sheet 8) in Section 6.2 or 6.3.)
Watchdog
Reset
Microcontroller Cavity
Channel
Auxiliary
Output
EEPROM
Select
Port
Dual Digital
Potentiometer
Port
Synthesiser
12.8MHz
Clock
External
Serial
Port
CTCSS Tone
5V Digital
Regulator
5VReset
Microcontroller
Converter
CTCSS
Encoder
Figure 2.3 T826/827 Microcontroller Block Diagram
Overall system control of the T826/827 is accomplished by the use of a member of the
80C51 family of microcontrollers (IC810). It runs from internal ROM and RAM, thus
leaving all four ports free for input/output functions.
Non-volatile data storage is achieved by serial communication with a 16kBit EEPROM
(IC820). This serial bus is also used by the microcontroller to program the synthesiser
(IC740) and deviation control EPOTS (IC220).
The main tasks of the microcontroller are as follows:
• program the synthesiser and EPOT;
• interface with the PGM800Win programming software at 9600 baud via the
serial communication lines on D-range 1 (PL100) & D-range 2;
• monitor channel change inputs from D-range 2;
• generate timing waveforms for CTCSS encoding;
• coordinate and implement timing control of the exciter/transmitter;
• control the front panel "Supply" LED.
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M820-00T826/827 Circuit OperationC2.5
m
2.3Synthesised Local Oscillator
(Refer to the synthesiser circuit diagram (sheet 7) in Section 6.2 or 6.3 and the VCO circuit diagram in Part E.)
12.8MHz
Reference
Oscillator
Ref
Mod
Serial
Bus
Clk
Data
En
Fixed
Divider
/64
Phase
Modulator
FREQUENCY SYNTHESISER IC
Reference
f
ref
Controller
Divider
/R
Phase
Detector
Programmable
Charge
Divider
/N
Pump
Loop
Filter
Prescaler
64/65
Modulation
f
in
VCO
Σ
VCOBuffer
Divider Buffer
VCO PCB
Output
Buffer
Figure 2.4 T826/827 Synthesiser Block Diagram
The synthesiser (IC740) employs a phase-locked loop (PLL) to lock a voltage controlled
oscillator (VCO) to a given reference frequency. The synthesiser receives the divider
information from the control microprocessor via a 3 wire serial bus (clock, data, enable).
When the data has been latched in, the synthesiser processes the incoming signals from
the VCO buffer (f
) and the phase modulator (f
in
ref
).
A reference oscillator at 12.8MHz (=IC700) is buffered (IC710 pins 5 & 6) and divided
down to 200kHz (IC730). This 200kHz square wave is then summed with the modulating audio and passed to an integrator (IC720 pins 9 & 8, Q710, Q720). This produces a
ramping waveform which is centred around a DC level determined by the incoming
audio. IC720 pins 5 & 6 perform as a comparator, ultimately producing a phase-modulated 200kHz square wave. This is followed by another phase shifting stage (IC720 pins
3 & 4, Q730, Q740), before being divided down to 6.25kHz or 5kHz within the synthesiser IC (IC740).
+21dB
L.O.
A buffered output of the VCO (Q795) is divided with a prescaler and programmable
divider which is incorporated into the synthesiser chip (IC740). This signal is compared
with the phase modulated reference signal at the phase detector (also part of the synthesiser chip). The phase detector outputs drive a balanced charge pump circuit (Q760,
Q770, Q775, Q780, Q785) and active loop filter (IC750 pins 5, 6 & 7) which produces a
DC voltage between 0V and 20V to tune the VCO. This VCO control line is further filtered to attenuate noise and other spurious signals. Note that the VCO frequency
increases with increasing control voltage.
If the synthesiser loop loses lock, a pulsed signal appears at LD (pin 2) of IC740. This
signal is filtered and buffered by IC750 pins 1, 2 & 3, producing the Lock-Detect signal
used to shut off the power supply to the drive amplifier. IC750 pin 1 is at 20V when the
synthesiser is out of lock.
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C2.6T826/827 Circuit OperationM820-00
2.3.1Two Point Modulation
Frequency modulation occurs by modulating both the VCO input and the synthesiser
reference input. This process is called two point modulation and ensures a flat modulation response from 67Hz to 3kHz (2.55kHz for narrow bandwidth).
The PLL has a fast response time, allowing a Tx key-up time of <30ms. Because of this
fast response time the PLL sees lower modulation frequencies superimposed on the
VCO as an error and corrects for it, resulting in no modulation on the carrier. At modulation frequencies greater than 300Hz the loop cannot correct fast enough and modulation is seen on the carrier. The response of the loop to VCO modulation is shown by f
in Figure 2.5 below.
To achieve low frequency modulation, the reference oscillator is also modulated so that
the phase detector of IC740 detects no frequency error under modulation. Thus, the
synthesiser loop will not attempt to correct for modulation and the audio frequency
response of the transmitter remains unaffected. The response of the loop to reference
frequency modulation is shown by f
The reference modulation is controlled by a 256-step 10k electronic potentiometer
(EPOT) which is adjustable via PGM800Win. The EPOT is made up of 256 resistive sec-
tions (representing approximately 39Ω each) which can be individually addressed by
the microcontroller. Each section can be switched in or out of circuit to achieve the
required total resistance, thus giving control of the reference modulation.
in Figure 2.5.
1
2
Deviation
ff
12
TCXOVCO
Frequency
Figure 2.5 T826/827 Two Point Modulation
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M820-00T826/827 Circuit OperationC2.7
2.4VCO
(Refer to the VCO circuit diagram in Part E.)
The VCO transistor (Q1) operates in a common source configuration, with an LC tank
circuit coupled between its gate and drain to provide the feedback necessary for oscillation. The VCO control voltage from the loop filter (IC750 pin 7) is applied to the varicaps (D1-D6) to facilitate tuning within an 8MHz band of frequencies. A trimcap
(&VC1-TX) is used for coarse tuning of the VCO. The output from the oscillator circuit
drives a cascode amplifier stage (Q2, Q3) which supplies +10dBm (typically) to a further
stage of amplification, Q5. This is the final amplifier on the VCO PCB, and delivers
+21dBm (typically) to the exciter drive amplifier.
A low level "sniff" is taken from the output of Q3 and used to drive the divider buffer
(Q795) for the synthesiser (IC740).
The VCO operates at the actual output frequency of the exciter, i.e. there are no multiplier stages. The VCO is modulated by superimposing the audio signal onto the control
voltage and by phase modulating the reference signal.
2.4.1VCO Supply
The VCO is supplied from two switched +9V supplies under the control of the Tx-Reg.
supply.
The VCO (Q1) and buffer amplifier (Q2 & Q3) are supplied from one +9V switched supply by Q540 via the capacitor multiplier (Q550, C550).
The output amplifier is supplied from the other +9V supply by Q520, Q530, and Q510.
A delay circuit holds the VCO on for a short time after the Tx-Reg. supply has been
switched off. This is to allow the RF power circuits (both exciter and PA) to ramp down
in the correct manner before the VCO is switched off.
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C2.8T826/827 Circuit OperationM820-00
2.5Audio Processor
(Refer to the audio processor circuit diagram (sheet 2) in Section 6.2 or 6.3.)
Carrier
Opto-Key
Tx Key
PTT
Microphone
Input
Line Input
+
_
Constant Current Sink
Opto-coupler
Microphone
Pre-amp.
Audio 1Audio 2
Link
34
5
PL205
Compressor
5
N
3
M
12
L
Pre-
emphasis
B
6
C
mic.
Inputs
line
Multiplexer
Output
Inhibit
utput
O
6
4
Link
PL210
Figure 2.6 T826/827 Audio Processor Block Diagram
Tx Enable
Link
3
4
H
5
6
I
7
8
J
PL215
Link
34
E
2
1
D
PL220
Buffer
Output
To VCO
Limiter
Set Deviation
Digital Pot. (EPOT)
Σ
Low Pass
Filter
Ref. Mod. Adjust
Digital Pot. (EPOT)
Integrator
Ref.
Mod.
CTCSS
2.5.1General
The audio processor comprises several link selectable circuit blocks which may be configured in a variety of combinations to suit individual requirements. The pre-emphasis
network and compressor may be linked individually or cascaded between either or both
audio inputs and the limiter.
Refer to Section 3.5.1 for linking details.
2.5.2Audio Inputs
Two audio inputs are available: one from a 600 ohm balanced (or unbalanced) line, and
the other from a local microphone. The microphone signal is passed first to a pre-amplifier (Q210) and ultimately to a multiplexer (IC240), but in between may pass through
the compressor (depending on the linking details). The line transformer is also connected to the multiplexer and is disabled by the microphone PTT switch.
A third input for external CTCSS tones is also provided.
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M820-00T826/827 Circuit OperationC2.9
2.5.3Keying Inputs
There are four ways to key the exciter:
• pulling the Tx-Key line low (pin 13 on D-range 1 [PL100]) at the rear of the set);
• pushing the "Carrier" button on the front panel - this will inhibit all audio;
• using the PTT button on the local microphone, disabling audio from the line;
• via the opto-key inputs (pins 11 and 12 on D-range 1 [PL100]) when electrical
isolation is required. This features a constant current sink (Q270) to ensure reliable activation of the opto-coupler (IC250) at low keying voltages.
2.5.4Compressor (Automatic Level Control (ALC))
The input signal is fed via a current controlled attenuator (Q230, Q220) to a high gain
stage (IC230) from which the output signal is taken. This signal is passed to a comparator (IC230) which toggles whenever the audio signal exceeds a DC threshold determined by RV220. Thus, the comparator produces a square wave whose mark-space
ratio is determined by the amplitude of the audio signal. This square wave pumps up
the reservoir capacitor (C233) which controls the attenuator (Q230, Q220), thus completing the feedback loop.
The compression level is set by adjustment of the comparator threshold (RV220).
Note:
Although the high dynamic range of the compressor allows the use of very
low audio signal levels, such conditions will be accompanied by a degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio. Very low audio input levels should therefore be avoided where possible.
2.5.5Outputs To Modulators
The output signal from the limiter (IC210, IC230) is added with a CTCSS tone at a summing amplifier (IC260). The signal is then low pass filtered (IC260) and split to supply
the two modulators.
Since the VCO modulator is a true frequency modulator, its audio is simply buffered
(IC260). The reference modulator, however, is a phase modulator and its audio must
first be integrated (IC210).
It is vital that the audio levels to the modulators are accurately set,
other. Hence the inclusion of level adjustment in the reference modulator path. Once
set, adjustments to absolute deviation may be made only by IC220, a 256-step 10k electronic potentiometer (EPOT), which is controlled via PGM800Win. The EPOT is made
up of 256 resistive sections (representing approximately 39Ω each) which can be indi-
vidually addressed by the microcontroller. Each section can be switched in or out of circuit to achieve the required total resistance, thus adjusting the absolute deviation level.
relative to each
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C2.10T826/827 Circuit OperationM820-00
2.6Power Supply & Regulator Circuits
(Refer to the regulators circuit diagram (sheet 6) in Section 6.2 or 6.3.)
+9V
Buffer
Tx Enable
Micro-
controller
Power
Switch
Tx Reg.
13.8V Nom.
From Rear
D-Range
Crowbar
Diode
13.8V
Nom.
5V
Reg
DC
Amp
5V5V Dig9V20V
Switching
PS
5V Dig
Reg
Watchdog
Timer
LVI
Figure 2.7 T826/827 Power Supply & Regulators Block Diagram
The T826 and T827 are designed to operate from a 10.8-16V DC supply (13.8V nominal).
A 5.3V regulator (IC630) runs directly from the 13.8V rail, driving much of the synthesiser circuitry. It is also used as the reference for a DC amplifier (IC640, Q630, Q620)
which provides a medium current capability 9V supply.
A switching power supply (Q660, Q670) runs from the 9V supply and provides a low
current capability +20V supply. This is used to drive the synthesiser loop filter (IC750),
giving a VCO control voltage range of up to 20V, and the Lock-Detect amplifiers.
Ultimate control of the transmitter is via the Tx-Reg. supply, switched from 9V by Q610.
This is enabled via the Tx-Enable signal from the audio processor, and microprocessor.
µP
µP
Reset
A crowbar diode is fitted for protection against connection to a power supply of incorrect polarity. It also provides transient overvoltage protection.
Note:
A fuse must be fitted in the power supply line for the diode to provide effective protection.
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M820-00T826/827 Circuit OperationC2.11
2.7Transmit Timers
The transmit tail timer, transmit timeout timer and transmit lockout timer can all be set
from PGM800Win. The fields for setting these are found on the system information
page. These three timers operate as follows (refer also to Figure 2.8):
TimerFunctionAdjustment
Transmit TailSets the tail time during which the
transmitter stays keyed after the external key source has been removed.
Transmit TimeoutSets the maximum continuous trans-
mission time. Once the timer has
timed out, the transmitter must be
keyed again, unless prevented by the
transmit lockout timer.
Transmit LockoutSets the period of time that must
elapse after a timeout before the transmitter can re-transmit. Once the timer
has timed out, the transmitter can be
keyed again.
a. Adjustable in 20ms steps in PGM800Win version 2.12 and later.
b. Adjustable from 0 to 600 seconds in PGM800Win version 2.12 and later.
Tx-Enable
On
Tx-Enable
Tx-Reg.
0-5 seconds in 100ms
a
steps
0-300 secondsb in 10
second steps
0-60 seconds in 10
second steps
Tail Time
On
Tx-Reg.
Lockout Time
Timeout
Time
Figure 2.8 T826/827 Transmit Timers
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C2.12T826/827 Circuit OperationM820-00
2.8T826 Drive Amplifier & PA
(Refer to Figure 2.1 and the exciter and PA circuit diagrams (sheets 3 & 4) in Section 6.2.)
The output power of the PA is maintained at a constant level via a power control loop
applied to the two-stage, wide band exciter amplifier (Q307, Q312). The forward and
reverse RF power levels are sensed via a dual directional coupler and detector diodes
(D440, D441 in the PA cavity). The detected DC signals are summed with the "power
set" level and fed to the control integrator (IC310 pins 1, 2 & 3). The output control voltage is buffered by Q309 and Q315, and applied to the collectors of the wide band exciter
amplifiers.
Note:
The maximum output power of the transmitter is limited by a voltage clamp circuit
(consisting of a potential divider formed by R369//R374 and R375//R359//R360) which
turns on Q308, clamping the control voltage to approximately 7.8V. When the maximum operating temperature is exceeded, the clamp voltage is reduced to approximately
5.7V by removing R359//R360 from the circuit (see below).
To reduce the spurious output level when the synthesiser is out-of-lock, the Tx-Reg. and
Lock-Detect signals are gated to inhibit the PA control circuit and to switch off the RF
signal at the input to the drive amplifier. The RF input signal is switched by a PIN
switch attenuator (D300, D301, D302).
Cyclic keying control is provided by additional circuitry consisting of several time
delay, ramp and gate stages:
This is to allow the RF power circuits (both exciter and PA) to ramp up and down in a
controlled manner so that minimal adjacent channel interference is generated during
the transition.
Forward and reflected power signals are summed so that, under high
VSWR, the power control will turn the output RF level down.
• Q305, IC310power ramping
• Q304, Q305Tx-Reg. and Lock-Detect
• Q300, Q301, Q302delay and PIN switch drive.
gate
The output of the wide band amplifier is approximately 550mW (+27.5dBm) for an
input of 65mW (+18dBm) when the power control is set to maximum.
Note:
A temperature sensor (R480) is provided so that the RF output power can be reduced to
a preset level when a set temperature is exceeded. This is a protection circuit (IC310
pins 5, 6 & 7, Q311) to prevent overheating, as the unit is
ation at high temperatures (refer to Section 1.2.3 for duty cycle specifications). RV302
sets the PA output power while under high temperature fold-back conditions.
The output of the temperature-sense comparator (IC310 pin 7) also feeds to a secondary
shutdown clamp circuit (Q303, Q360, Q308). The clamp voltage is set to approximately
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The VCO output level of 125mW (+21dBm) is attenuated by a 3dB attenuator (R517, R518 & R519) in the VCO cavity. This provides good VCO/exciter
isolation as well as the correct exciter drive level.
not rated for continuous oper-
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