Tact-2150 XDM
Guide to Equal Loudness Compensation
Version 1.0
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Equal Loudness Compensation without RCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 Step 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Step 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Equal Loudness Filter Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2
3
3 Equal Loudness Compensation and RCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
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1. Introduction
Tact-2150 XDM implements sophisticated user defined equal loudness
compensation not found in any other power amplifier on the market. Equal loudness
compensation can be used on its own or combined with Tact’s room correction algorithm.
When combined with the room correction algorithm it results in a room correction that is
level dependent. We have named it DRCTM – Dynamic Room Correction.
Without the room correction feature, equal loudness compensation is applied to
the input audio signal directly. When used with the room correction algorithm, input
audio signal is first passed through the room correction and then through the equal
loudness compensation algorithm.
Signal processing power built into 2150 XDM allows for instant switching from
correction to no correction, and from equal loudness compensation to no equal loudness
compensation. By using this exclusive Tact technology, real time listening tests can be
performed and the effects of equal loudness compensation can be evaluated.
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2. Equal Loudness Compensation without RCS
To perform and evaluate the effects of equal loudness compensation without the
use of the room correction feature and to take full advantage of 2150 XDM processing
power, 2150 XDM has to be connected to windows based personal computer (PC). Tact
windows based GUI (graphics user interface) will allow you to view the full set of equal
loudness curves as well as the frequency response of the equal loudness compensation
filters.
Equal loudness compensation can be switched ON and OFF by turning DRC
option ON and OFF accordingly. When DRC option is ON, 2150 XDM will engage
equal loudness compensation. When DRC option is OFF, the eight dynamic (equal
loudness) target curves are ignored. Effects of equal loudness compensation can be
evaluated by performing a listening test with equal loudness compensation being turned
ON and OFF.
To perform equal loudness compensation evaluation without the use of the room
correction feature, we use one of the correction presets loaded with flat measurement and
flat reference target curve. When the room correction process is applied to flat
measurement data and flat target curve with DRC OFF, the result is the same as if
BYPASS were engaged. When DRC is turned ON, the eight dynamic target curves are
applied to bypass type correction with only equal loudness compensation applied to the
input audio signal.
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2.1 STEP 1
RS232 communication channel functions properly. Communication between 2150 XDM
and PC is usually established automatically and the message “Connected to Tact-2150 X”
will be displayed (1).
Click on the RCS/DRC (2) button to enter Tact-2150 XDM correction screen. In the
correction screen and on the action panel select RCS/DRC Preset 1 (Fig. 2 option 1).
When this option is executed, 2150 XDM will engage correction preset 1.
Step 1 clears measurement file 1 assigned to correction preset 1.
Connect 2150 XDM to PC. Open Tact-2150 XDM program and make sure that
Fig. 1. Tact-2150 XDM opening window.
Fig. 2. Action panel.
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In the Action panel select File No tab and assign measurement file 1 to preset 1
(Fig. 3 option 1).
Fig. 3. Measurement file assignment to correction presets.
Click on MSR button (Fig. 2. option 2) to enter the measurement screen. In this case the
measurement screen is entered not to perform any measurements but rather to clear
measurement file 1.
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Fig. 4. Tact-2150 XDM measurement screen.
In the measurement screen select Measurement File 1 (Fig. 4. option 1). In the Options
menu select Clear Measurement File 1 option (Fig. 4. option 2). This option will clear
measurement data saved in the measurement file 1. When measurement file is cleared
the frequency response for both channels is set to a flat line at 0 dB.
Click Exit button to go back to the correction screen.
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2.2 STEP 2
room correction. At the end of this step a listening test can be performed.
Form the File menu, select Load Dynamic Target Group (Fig. 5. option 1)
option and load Equal_Loudness_Minus_12dB_Ref.grp dynamic target group file.
In Step 2 we load reference and eight dynamic target curves and engage dynamic
Fig. 5. File menu
Note that dynamic target curves (equal loudness curves) contained in the
Equal_Loudness_Minus_12dB_Ref.grp group file are loaded in dynamic target curve
buffers (Fig. 6. option 1) only and not in 2150 XDM internal memory. To display loaded
dynamic target curves click on individual target button (1) or double click over (2) to
toggle dynamic target curves ON and OFF.
Fig. 6. Target curve panel.
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Click on T-L & R button (Fig. 6. option 3) to display reference target curve. Place mouse
pointer over (3) and then right mouse click to display target curve menu (Fig. 6).
Fig. 7. Target curve menu.
Select Load option (Fig. 7.option 1) and load Flat.cor target curve. This target
curve is a flat line at 0 dB. The correction screen with all loaded target curves are
displayed in Fig. 8.
Curves labeled 1 through 8 are dynamic target curves.
1. 0 dB dynamic target curve
2. –6 dB
3. –12 dB
4. –18 dB
5. –24 dB
6. –30 dB
7. –36 dB
8. –42 dB dynamic target curve
9. Reference target curve.
By loading this set of dynamic target curves we assume that the listening level of
–12 dB does not require equal loudness compensation. That is why we have chosen
Equal_Loudness_Minus_12dB_Ref.grp dynamic target curve group file. This file
contains –12 dB dynamic target curve set to a straight line at 0 dB.
If for example –6 dB dynamic target curve is set to a straight line at 0 dB, and
master level equals –6 dB, no loudness compensation will be applied to audio signal.
If for example 0 dB dynamic target curve is set to a straight line at 0 dB, and
master level equals dB, no loudness compensation will be applied to audio signal.
If reference target curve is set to a straight line at 0 dB, no room correction will be
applied to audio signal.
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Fig. 8. Correction screen with all target curves loaded.
Note that in this case reference, target curve is the same as –12 db (3) dynamic
target curve.
Once the target curves are loaded, click on ENGAGE button (Fig. 2. option 3) to
send them to 2150 XDM. As soon as all target curves are loaded, new correction based
on this set of target curves will be calculated. Make sure that dynamic room correction is
enabled. Button 4 in Fig. 2 (Action panel) has to display DRC ON.
A listening test can be performed at this point to evaluate the effect of equal
loudness compensation. To perform the listening test, select one of you favorite tracks
and by switching DRC option (Fig. 2. option 4) ON and OFF evaluate the effect of the
selected equal loudness curves.
It is important to understand that the equal loudness curves supplied with the
Tact-2150 XDM software are not a definition of what they should be. They are just one
possible example and a good starting point for creating your own equal loudness curves.
Each equal loudness curve can be modified to fit your particular listening needs. Equal
loudness curve modification should produce a new set of target curves with different
slopes and different separation between them. However, all target curves should merge to
the same level (0 dB) around 2000 Hz.
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2.3 Equal Loudness Filter Response
Tact-2150 XDM calculates a new correction filter for every master level change
of 0.1 dB. In this case, correction filter response is equivalent to the equal loudness curve
response for that particular master level.
To load correction filter response click on F-L button (Fig. 6. option 4) and then
right mouse click to display Load Filter menu option. Click on Load Filter option to
upload correction filter response.
Fig. 9 shows correction filter response (4) for master level set to –33.6 dB. 2150
XDM calculates this response by interpolating a target curve between –30 dB (2) and –36
dB (3) dynamic target curves (equal loudness curves). Note that reference target curve is
set to a flat line at 0 dB (1).
In this example, we can see from the graph that audio frequencies around 2000 Hz
are not affected by the equal loudness compensation. However, frequencies at around 100
Hz are given a gain of more than 4 dB. The same holds for frequencies around 8000 Hz.
The gain added to audio signal at these frequencies compensates for the human loss of
sensitivity at these frequencies at this particular listening level.
Fig. 9. Equal loudness filter response for master level set at –33.6 dB
Fig. 10 shows correction filter response (4) for master level set to –20.7 dB. 2150
XDM calculates this response by interpolating a target curve between –18 dB (2) and –24
dB (3) dynamic target curves (equal loudness curves).
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In this example as in the previous one, frequencies around 2000 Hz are not
affected by the equal loudness compensation. Since the master level is increased the
amount of equal loudness compensation is reduced. Signals with frequencies around 100
Hz and 8000 Hz have a gain of around 2 dB.
Fig. 10. Equal loudness filter response for master level set at –20.7 dB
These two examples are just two samples of the equal loudness compensation at
master level set to –33.6 and –20.7 dB. Equal loudness curve can be uploaded for any
master level setting. Uploaded correction filter can give a good indication of what audible
change can be expected when equal loudness compensation is turned ON and OFF.
In this section we have used cleared measurement file with both channels set to
flat response and a flat reference target curve. Dynamic room correction applied to these
conditions produces correction filters that are equivalent to equal loudness compensation.
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3.0 Equal Loudness Compensation and RCS
Section 2.0 has outlined 2150 XDM basic principles of equal loudness
compensation without the use of either room response measurement or room correction
feature.
To take full advantage of 2150 XDM signal processing power, it is strongly
recommended to use equal loudness compensation together with the room correction
feature. In this way, equal loudness compensation is applied to the left and right
channels, which are balanced throughout the entire audio frequency range.
To use equal loudness compensation combined with the room correction feature
and to compare it to the previous case, implement the following steps:
1. Place 2150 XDM into bypass mode and perform room response measurement.
Make sure that measurement data is saved in measurement file #2. Measurement
file #1 was used in the previous section for preset 1.
2. Place 2150 XDM into correction preset 2 and turn DRC option OFF (Fig. 2 option
4). Make sure that measurement file 2 is assigned to preset 2 (Fig.3 option 2).
Select proper target curve. Click on ENGAGE button and perform a listening test
to verify that room correction algorithm performs.
3. Turn DRC option ON. Load Equal_Loudness_Minus_12dB_Ref.grp target file
and click on ENGAGE button (Fig. 2 option 3) to load target curves into 2150
XDM internal memory. As soon as engage operation is executed, 2150 XDM will
calculate a new set of filters based on measurement data saved in the
measurement file 2 and based on reference and dynamic target curves.
At this point a listening test can be performed to evaluate the combined effect of
room correction and equal loudness compensation.
With DRC option turned ON, 2150 XDM calculates a new set of correction filters
for every master level change of 0.1 dB.
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