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System Sensor Pipe Installation

Aspirating Smoke Detector Pipe Installation
USER GUIDE
Table of Contents
User Guide: Aspirating Smoke Detector Pipe Installation
Scope of this user guide ............................... 3
Designing a Pipe Network ............................3
Pipe Overview ................................................4
Pipe Network Components ............................................ 4
Pipes ..............................................................................4
Pipe Temperature...........................................................4
Fittings ............................................................ 4
Couplings and Unions ................................................... 4
Elbows ...........................................................................4
Tees ................................................................................4
End Caps ....................................................................... 5
Capillary Tubes and Sampling Ports ............................. 5
Mounting Brackets ......................................................... 5
Labels ............................................................................5
Pipe Network Installation .............................. 6
Sampling Methods ....................................... 11
Open Area Protection .................................. 12
Under Floor Protection ................................ 13
Object Protection ......................................... 14
Large Area Protection ................................. 15
Cold Area Protection ................................... 15
High Air Exchange Areas ............................ 16
Cutting Pipe ...................................................................6
Joining Components ...................................................... 6
Mounting the Pipe Network ...........................................6
Pipe Bends ....................................................................6
Drilling Sample Ports .....................................................7
Installation Stages..........................................................7
Application and Design ................................. 8
Design ............................................................................ 8
Regulatory Requirements .............................................. 9
In-Duct Sampling ......................................... 17
Monitoring Voids .......................................... 18
Basic Pipe Cleaning & Maintenance .......... 19
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User Guide: Aspirating Smoke Detector Pipe Installation
Scope of this user guide
The purpose of this user guide is to provide details on the physical installation of the pipe network for the FAAST Fire Alarm Aspiration Sensing Technology® aspirating smoke detector. Local codes and regulations may vary and take precedence over the information contained in this user guide.
Designing a Pipe Network
The FAAST detector and its pipe network allow deployment of smoke detection in challenging and mission critical environments. In order to ensure the system will operate in accordance to site specific requirements, as well as local codes and regulations, the pipe network must be designed and verified using the PipeIQ® software. PipeIQ can be downloaded at systemsensor.com/faast.
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User Guide: Aspirating Smoke Detector Pipe Installation
Pipe Overview
Pipe Network Components
The FAAST detector uses standard aspiration fire detection pipe network components, such as pipes, elbows and couplings. The components listed in this section are not an all inclusive list, however they represent the most commonly used items.
Pipes
The pipes used in the pipe network can be made of various materials including copper, PVC, ABS, UPVC and CPVC. The internal pipe diameter used with the FAAST system can range from 0.591" to 0.827" (15 to 21 mm). Ideal dimensions vary depending on system design requirements as well as local codes and regulations. The FAAST detector has a built in tiered insertion point for the pipes which allows for an outside tube diameter of either 1.050" or 25 mm to accommodate U.S. Customary System and Metric System Sized Pipes.
Frequently Asked Question – Can we use metal pipe instead of plastic with FAAST?
Yes. It is acceptable to use either steel or copper pipe under the following conditions:
Fittings
Fittings are used to connect sections of pipe together on longer network runs and are made from the same material as the pipe. There are several types of fittings to allow for various bends, straight runs, branches and connections. Common fittings are described in the following sections.
Couplings and Unions
Couplings and unions are used to connect two sections of pipe in a straight line. A coupling is used when the section is not intended to be taken apart.
A union offers the ability to screw the two pipe sections together for future access, such as areas of the pipe network that have to be periodically disassembled for maintenance and cleaning. Unions can also be used to orient sample ports correctly in a specific section of the pipe network, such as over return air grilles (for more information on high air flow and duct applications, see the white paper at systemsensor.com/faast). Figure 1 shows a typical union and coupling.
• The pipe size used must be capable of fitting to a plastic pipe upon interfacing with the FAAST device. The inner diameter must be within the approved range of .591" - .827" ( 15.00 - 21.00 mm ).
• The material must be approved by the local authority having jurisdiction and must also be approved by the insurance underwriter
Pipe Temperature
Pipe selection may be contingent on the temperature of the room in which the pipe will be mounted. Table 1 shows temperature ranges for various types of pipe.
Pipe Material Service Temperature
ABS -40 – 80°C (-40 to 176°F)
PE-80 -50 to 60°C (-58 to 140°F)
PE-100 -50 to 60°C (-58 to 140°F)
CPVC -26 to 93°C (-15 to 200°F )
PVC -26 to 49°C (-15 to 120°F)
Copper -150 to 110°C (-238 to 230°F)
Table 1: Temperature ranges for various types of pipe.
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Figure 1: Couplings and unions.
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Elbows
Elbows are used to change the direction of the pipe network. Both 45 degree and 90 degree elbows may be used. Both elbow fittings are shown in figure 2.
45°
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Figure 2: Elbows.
90°
Tees
Tees are also used for branching into multiple pipes from a single pipe network. A specialized tee can be used to attach a capillary tube and a sampling port. A tee is shown in figure 3.
* For specific design considerations in cold temperature applications, download the Cold Storage White Paper from systemsensor.com/faast
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Figure 3: Tees
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User Guide: Aspirating Smoke Detector Pipe Installation
End Caps
The end of the pipe should be terminated with an end cap. The end cap may have a sampling port depending on the system design. The size of the port in the end cap is determined by the PipeIQ software. An end cap is shown in figure 4.
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Figure 4: End caps.
Capillary Tubes and Sampling Ports
A capillary tube is a length of flexible tubing that is connected to the main sampling pipe with a sampling port at the end. The purpose of these tubes is to extend the placement of the area being sampled away from the main pipe network. This may be necessary to reach in to an enclosed space, such as a cabinet, or for aesthetic or security reasons. This allows the core pipe network to be hidden while only a small sampling port is located in the main space. Figure 5 shows the capillary tube ex­tending down from the main sampling pipe with a sampling port at the end. PipeIQ allows for capillary tubes and sampling ports to be added to the pipe network design and will calculate the appropriate air flow through the system.
Mounting Brackets
The pipe network is mounted to the ceiling, or other appropriate location, using mounting brackets. A large variety of brackets are available from a standard pipe supplier. Typical brackets include clips, saddle clamps, or tie wraps, as shown in Figure 6. The mounting choice will depend on the material being mounted to, environmental temperature, and local codes and regula­tions. Mounting brackets are usually centered 5 ft. (1.5 m) apart when using 3/4" schedule 40 pipe at 70°F (21°C). At 140°F this spacing reduces to 2.5 ft. between support brackets. Open style mounting clips should not be used in an inverted position with the open section facing downward, because the pipe could drop from the clip.
The maximum length for capillary flexible tubing is 26 ft. (8 m). When multiple capillary tubes are used in a network, the length of each capillary tube should be approximately equal.
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Figure 5: Capillary tubes and sampling ports.
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Figure 6: Mounting brackets.
Labels
Labels are available to identify the pipe network as a fire detection system, both at the sampling ports and along the pipe itself. NFPA 72® states that the pipe should be labeled:
1. At changes in direction or branches of piping
2. At each side of penetrations of walls, floors, or other barriers
3. At intervals on piping that provide visibility, but no greater than 20 ft. (6.1 m)
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Pipe Network Installation
User Guide: Aspirating Smoke Detector Pipe Installation
This section provides the basics to installing a pipe network. Keep in mind that each system will have different characteris­tics, and will have variations to accommodate. The most common issues are described in the following sections. To ensure a pipe network performs as expected, it must be designed in PipeIQ and installed as specified by the software.
Cutting Pipe
Proper tools must be used when cutting pipe. Pipe shears or a wheel type plastic tubing cutter can be used for plastic pipe. Always keep the cutting edge of the tools sharp. Ensure that cuts are made perpendicular to the pipe length, keeping the cuts square. Square cuts ensure maximum bonding area and help provide a good seal when joining the components.
Remove all loose material and any burrs from the end of the pipe after a cut. Debris and shavings from cuts must be re­moved in order to keep sampling ports free of obstruction.
Joining Components
The pipe network must be permanently connected once the system has been installed and tested. The method to accomplish a permanent connection depends upon the material of the pipe and fittings.
NOTE: The immediate connections between the inlet pipe and exhaust pipe and the FAAST detector SHOULD NOT be permanently connected.
When bonding components together, never apply solvent on the inside of a pipe or other component. Apply the solvent only to the outside of the pipe that is being inserted into a coupling or other component. If a solvent is applied to the inside of a pipe or other component, the solvent can build up. This build up can affect the air flow within the pipe network and may cause abnormal behavior within the pipe network.
Make sure that pipes are inserted completely and butted against the lip of the coupling or other component. If this is not done, turbulence can be created due to the gaps, which can cause problems with system pressures and air flow.
Frequently Asked Question – Is there a specic glue that must be used when assembling the network piping?
Mounting the Pipe Network
The following recommendations should be taken into consideration when mounting the pipe network.
• Minimize flexing of the pipes by securing them at proper intervals with appropriate mounting brackets.
Maximum Support Spacing at Ambient Temperature
Pipe Diameter 60°F (16°C) 100°F (38°C) 140° F (60°C)
1/2 in. (15mm) 4.5 ft. (1.3 m) 4 ft. (1.2 m) 2.5 ft. (0.7 m)
3/4 in. (20 mm) 5 ft. (1.5 m) 4 ft. (1.2 m) 2.5 ft. (0.7 m)
Table 2: Maximum support spacing at ambient temperature.
• Typically, the pipe network should be mounted between 1 and 4 in. (25 – 100 mm), maximum of 12 in. (300 mm), below the ceiling, subject to local codes and regulations.
• Allow for expansion and contraction of the pipe network in areas of extreme temperature fluctuations, especially on long straight pipe runs.
• In areas of extreme temperature fluctuations, never place mounting brackets adjacent to couplings, unions or tees. This can lead to interference with expansion or contraction of the pipe network.
• To minimize the effect of pressure differentials that could affect the air flow of the system, the sampled air must be returned to the protected environment via exhaust tubing wherever possible.
Pipe Bends
Never bend pipes unless absolutely necessary. Use elbows, tees, or other fittings to change direction of the pipe.
If bending is necessary, determine how much bending the pipe can tolerate before beginning the process. Always use bending springs and pipe benders. Bending a pipe without heat will cause the PVC to shatter. Never heat the pipe or bend it around sharp objects. If a pipe creases or buckles while bending, replace it with a new section of pipe. Conform to all local codes and regulations for bending of pipes.
Yes, glue that is listed for the type of pipe used. When applying the glue be cautious not to leave excess residue inside the pipe. This can trap dust or dirt particles that can possibly affect the airflow of the detector over time.
Prior to drilling any sample ports, the pipe network should be checked for leaks. This can be done by pushing blank end caps onto pipe ends and/or covering sample ports with tape and applying low pressure air to the system to check for pressure decay.
Figure 7: Pipe bends.
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