SYNOLOGY SYNOLOGY DS2422+, SYNOLOGY DS3622X User guide

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User Guide for

DiskStation Manager 7.0

Table of Contents

Chapter 5: File-Sharing & Sync 40

5.1 Shared Folder

5.2 File services

5.3 File Station

5.4 Synology Drive Server

5.5 Cloud Sync

5.6 WebDAV

Chapter 6: Data Backup 45

6.1 Active Backup Suite

6.2 USB Copy

Chapter 1: Introduction 01

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide 04

2.1 Install drives

2.2 Get started with DSM

2.3 Sign up for a Synology Account

2.4 Navigate your DSM desktop

2.5 Check regional options

2.6 Specify your QuickConnect ID

2.7 Configure storage space

2.8 Create a shared folder and start sharing files

2.9 Install add-on packages

2.10 Create local users and groups

2.11 Manage notification settings

2.12 Fortify security

2.13 Keep your DSM updated

Chapter 3: Account & Privileges 30

3.1 Account & privileges

3.2 Directory clients

3.3 Synology Directory Server

3.4 LDAP Server

3.5 SSO Server

3.6 RADIUS Server

Chapter 4: Storage & Virtualization 34

4.1 Storage Manager

4.2 Storage expansion

4.3 Storage Analyzer

4.4 SAN Manager & Storage Console

4.5 Virtual Machine Manager

Chapter 7: NAS Protection 48

7.1 DSM configuration backup

7.2 Hyper Backup

7.3 Snapshot Replication

7.4 Synology High Availability

Chapter 8: Security 50

8.1 Security settings

8.2 Secure SignIn

8.3 Security Advisor

8.4 Antivirus

Chapter 9: Network 52

9.1 External Access

9.2 Network Settings

9.3 Proxy Server

9.4 DNS Server

9.5 DHCP Server

9.6 VPN Server

Chapter 10: Management 64

10.1 Hardware & Power Settings

10.2 Login Portal

10.3 Resource Monitor

10.4 Log Center

10.5 Universal Search

10.6 Central Management System

10.7 Active Insight

10.8 System reset

Chapter 11: Productivity 70

11.1 Synology Office

11.2 Note Station

11.3 Synology Chat

11.4 Synology Calendar

11.5 Synology Contacts

11.6 Synology MailPlus

11.7 Web Station

Chapter 12: Multimedia 75

12.1 Synology Photos

12.2 Video Station

12.3 Audio Station

12.4 Media Server

12.5 Indexing Service

Chapter 13: Surveillance 79

13.1 Set up IP Cameras

13.2 Monitor Camera Feeds

13.3 Efficient Recording Playback

13.4 Comprehensive Management Features

13.5 Centralized Management System

Find your information

Synology publishes a wide range of supporting documentation.

Knowledge Base

In as well as

video tutorials

, you will find useful

breaking up processes into handy

Help

and

FAQ

articles,

steps.

Synology Documentation

Solution Guides,

brochures, and

, you can find

White Papers

User's Guides

. Experienced

users and administrators will find answers and guidance in technical

Administrator's Guides

Developer Guides

and

Got a problem and unable to find the solution in our official documentation? Search hundreds of answers by users and support staff in

Support

through the web form, email or telephone.

Synology Community

or reach

Synology

Appendix 82

Legal Information

Chapter 1: Introduction

Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) is an intuitive web-based operating system for every

Synology NAS, designed to help you manage your digital assets across all network locations.

With DSM 7.0, your network-attached storage device doesn't just serve as a file-sharing center

within your local area network but also enables you to accomplish more than what you can

imagine.

DSM main features and functionality includes:

File-sharing and syncing: Instantly access, share, and sync your digital assets conveniently

and securely across multiple devices whenever you want, no matter where you are.

Backup and restoration: Through our license-free backup solutions, back up and protect

your digital assets on your computers, virtual machines, cloud services, and NAS to avoid

service downtime that can jeopardize your personal or business goals.

Team collaboration: In the privacy of your own cloud, create a motivated team culture while

satisfying all collaboration needs with Synology Office, Calendar, and Chat.

Multimedia streaming: Through an intuitive web-based interface, access and compile your

multimedia content into a multimedia library that can be used by multimedia applications or

packages at your convenience.

Video surveillance: A complete surveillance solution that provides intelligent monitoring and

video management tools to safeguard your valuable assets in your business, home, and other

environments.

Virtualization storage: Streamlined provisioning and management of virtual machines to

access storage space over storage network, as if the space used were in one local disk, with

full certification for VMware® vSphere™, Microsoft® Hyper-V®, Citrix® XenServer™, and

OpenStack virtualization environments.

Enhanced storage & SAN solutions

A brand-new Storage Manager comes with the new performance optimization features and

better protection against data degradation. Now designed for SAN environments, the Fibre

Channel Protocol(FCP) brings high availability and low latency to mission-critical storage

networks.

Advanced LUN functionality supports VMware VAAI and Windows ODX for improved VM

performance and provides swift snapshot creation, recovery, and cloning.

A streamlined management interface makes connection and permission management

exceptionally easy, even in large-scale SAN environments.

Support for iSCSI and Fibre Channel means that Synology storage systems integrate easily in

smaller setups as in enterprise environments.

Secure identity protection

Synology Secure SignIn offers wide range of flexible sign-in methods (2-factor authentication,

passwordless sign-in, and traditional authentication), app-based sign-in approval, hardware

security keys, and more 2-factor authentication options to eliminate weak password and

elevate your NAS protection. Safeguarding your account security has never been this easy.

Chapter 1: Introduction

All-in-one photo management

Synology Photos comes with all the tools you need to manage your photos efficiently.

Automated tools help you group your photos and videos chronologically or according to folder

structure, set a category to filter your media files, organize your photos with albums, and share

your content while keeping your memories safe and secure with secure share links.

More protection and faster recovery

Our top backup applications now let you protect more devices, online services, and DSM

applications. Active Backup expands your protection with new agent-based Linux backup for

five major distributions.

Protect your Synology NAS with Hyper Backup for more DSM settings and twelve additional

Synology software packages.

Secure file-sharing and collaboration

Collaboration made secure by Synology Drive's enhanced security and management features

to help admins keep track of users, permissions, and data with tighter security features.

Keep control over larger deployments of Synology Drive Server with new Synology Drive Admin

Console.

Keep file-sharing secure by granting sharing permissions to select users or groups. Users are

obliged to set passwords or expiration dates to tighten security when sharing files.

Chapter 1: Introduction

Stay ahead of use trends and manage your storage before it hits the limit with Synology Drive

Server usage calculation.

Expand your storage to the cloud

You can now experience the flexibility of the cloud with Hybrid Share, it is a brand-new hybrid

cloud solution for simplified multi-site file-sharing. With your Synology Account, you can

connect your NAS to C2 Storage to build hybrid-cloud storage.

Combine the flexibility and scalability of Synology C2 Storage with the speed and power of on-

premises Synology NAS for fast and uninterrupted file access.

Instantly sync cloud-managed data to multiple Synology NAS and access files as if they were

locally stored, reducing on-premises storage footprint, network use, and costs.

Mount a Hybrid Share folder to any Synology NAS and gain instant access to your data on

Synology C2 Storage. No need to wait for a data recovery or migration process to finish.

Cloud-hosted NAS monitoring

Monitor your Synology NAS across locations with Active Insight that lets you monitor

performance in one unified portal. Its highly customizable notification settings let you detect

anomalies and provide solutions in an instant to minimize downtime.

Active Insight dispatches event notifications with detailed troubleshooting advice any time it

detects system anomalies in a Synology NAS under your administration.

Synology analyses anonymized data from a connected Synology NAS to identify indicators of

possible system failure and will notify customers if their device is at risk.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

This chapter provides an overview of the initial configurations of Synology DiskStation

Manager (DSM). To help you get started with your Synology NAS, perform the following

instructions about drive setup, OS installation, storage initialization, and several built-in

services of DSM management.

2.1 Install drives

As a data storage server, Synology NAS needs at least one 3.5" or 2.5" drive to ensure

functionality. For detailed information on drive installation, please refer to the Hardware

Installation Guide via Synology's Download Center.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Back up drives before installation

If your drive comes from an old Synology NAS, please follow the instructions in this article to

perform drive migration. The migration procedures mentioned in the article will help you keep

most of your data. However, we strongly recommend that you back up data on the original

Synology NAS, from which drives are moved, to avoid accidental data loss.

If your drive does not come from a Synology NAS that contains data, you need to back up data

before the installation because the system will format drives and erase all the existing data

during the installation.

Understand RAID types

After the drive installation, you should set up a RAID array to add extra security and

redundancy to your storage space. This section gives you a brief introduction to the RAID

technology and the difference between each RAID type.

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a data storage technology that allows multiple

independent drives to be combined into a RAID array for data redundancy and performance

improvement. In a RAID array, the same data will be stored in different places across multiple

drives to reduce the risk of data loss caused by a drive failure. Moreover, the RAID setup can

boost the read-write performance because data will be striped across drives under certain

RAID configurations.

Different RAID configurations provide different levels of redundancy and performance. The

following is an overview of the RAID types supported by Synology NAS:

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

SHR: Synology Hybrid RAID (SHR) is an automatic RAID management system designed

by Synology. SHR provides fault tolerance when there are more than two drives. It is

recommended for novice users because it will automatically deploy drives for the best interest

of your storage space.

Basic: Basic configuration is composed of only one independent drive, so it does not provide

any fault tolerance or performance boost.

JBOD: JBOD (Just a Bunch of Disks) configuration combines all drives into a single drive stack.

Each JBOD drive is regarded as a separate and individual drive volume, so it allows easier

control management of data storage. JBOD configuration does not provide any fault tolerance

or performance boost.

RAID 0: In contrast to JBOD, RAID 0 combines two or more drives and treats them as a single

unit. In RAID 0, data are divided into blocks and split across multiple drives; therefore, the

read-write speed increases with more drives added.

RAID 1: RAID 1 requires at least two drives. In RAID 1, data are mirrored on all drives. Since

the same data exist on all the drives in the array, the volume of the smallest member drive

determines the total capacity of the array. This is the safest option to protect important data,

but the write performance and capacity are relatively limited.

RAID 5: RAID 5 requires at least three drives, and one of the drives is used for fault tolerance.

RAID 5 stripes data blocks across multiple drives and distributes redundancy information,

called parity, across all of the drives in the array. Upon failure of a single drive, the lost data

can be reconstructed with the parity existing on the rest of the drives.

RAID 6: RAID 6 requires at least four drives. RAID 6 features double distributed parity, so it

has better data redundancy than RAID 5. However, because RAID 6 needs to write two parity

blocks on all member drives, the write performance is slower than RAID 5.

RAID 10: RAID 10 requires at least four drives. The drives have to be even because drives

are combined into groups of two in which data is mirrored and striped. RAID 10 features the

performance of RAID 0 and the data protection of RAID 1.

RAID F1: RAID F1 requires at least three drives. Like RAID 5, RAID F1 implements data block

striping and distributes parity data across all member drives. The only difference is that one of

the drives will bear more parity information, so it will age faster, which prevents all the drives

from coming to the end of their lifespan at the same time. RAID F1 is recommended for an all-

flash array.

Notes:

• RAID F1 and SHR are only available on specific models. Refer to the specifications of each model for detailed information.

2.2 Get started with DSM

This section guides you through how to perform the first-time installation of DSM via a web

browser or Synology's mobile application.

Install DSM with Web Assistant

Your Synology NAS comes with a built-in tool, Web Assistant, which helps you download

the latest version of DSM from the Internet and install it on your Synology NAS. To use Web

Assistant, follow the steps below:

1. Power on your Synology NAS.

2. Open a web browser on a computer within the same network where your Synology NAS is

located, and go to "find.synology.com". The status of your NAS should be Not installed.

3. Select your Synology NAS and click Connect on Web Assistant.

4. Click Install to start the installation process and follow the on-screen instructions.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Notes:

• Both your Synology NAS and computer must be on the same local network.

• We suggest using Chrome or Firefox as the browser for DSM installation.

• For more information on the setup of Synology NAS and DSM, please refer to the

Hardware Installation Guide for your Synology NAS models available via Synology's

Download Center.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Install DSM with DS finder

You can also install DS finder (App Store/Google Play Store) on your mobile device to install

DSM as demonstrated below:

1. Power on your Synology NAS.

2. Connect your mobile device to the local network where your Synology NAS is located, and

launch DS finder.

3. Tap SET UP NEW NAS to start the setup process.

4. Follow the on-screen instructions to establish the connection between your mobile device

and Synology NAS, and tap SEARCH. DS finder will search for your Synology NAS. The status

of your NAS should be Not installed.

5. Select your Synology NAS and tap INSTALL to start the installation process and follow the

on-screen instructions.

Notes:

• We take Android 10 as an example in this chapter. The actual steps may vary across OS versions and devices.

• Both your Synology NAS and mobile device must be on the same local network.

• DS finder can only run on Android and iOS devices.

• DS finder supports installing DSM on most Synology NAS models (except rack-mount models and desktop models of FS/XS series).

2.3 Sign up for a Synology Account

As an owner of Synology NAS, you should have a Synology Account to access Synology online

services and manage your customer information. Different from DSM user accounts, which can

be used to sign in to DSM, a Synology Account allows you to manage your billing information,

registered Synology products, requests for technical support, and Synology online services (e.g.,

QuickConnect, DDNS, and Synology C2). For more information on the differences between

Synology Accounts and DSM user accounts, please refer to this article.

following the steps below:

1. Go to this website.

2. Complete the form and click Next. Then, follow the on-screen instructions to create a

Synology Account.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

3. Go to the email box you have entered, and click the email titled Synology Account - sign

up (sent from "noreply@synologynotification.com") to get your verification code.

4. Enter the verification code and click Next.

5. Check the terms and privacy policy. Click Submit.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

6. Go to Control Panel > Synology Account, and click Sign in or sign up for a Synology

Account.

7. In the pop-up window, enter the credentials of your Synology Account and click Sign In.

8. Now you have successfully registered for a Synology Account and bound your NAS to it.

2.4 Navigate your DSM desktop

After installing DSM on your Synology NAS, you can sign in to DSM using the DSM user account

you have just added during the first-time installation. Follow the steps below to sign in via a

web browser:

1. Make sure your computer and Synology NAS are connected to the same local network.

2. Open a browser on your computer and enter one of the following in the address bar:

• find.synology.com: Enter this URL only if your computer and Synology NAS are connected

to the same local area network.

• IP address of your NAS:5000: If the IP address of your Synology NAS is "192.168.48.14", type

"192.168.48.14:5000". The IP address depends on the settings made during the initial setup.

3. Enter your username and click the rightward arrow.

4. Enter your password and click the rightward arrow again to sign in.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

DSM desktop

After signing in, you can see the DSM desktop, where your application and package windows

are displayed. You can also create desktop shortcuts to frequently used applications.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Taskbar

The taskbar is located at the top of the screen and includes the following items:

1. Show Desktop: Minimize all launched applications and packages windows.

2. Main Menu: Click the icon to view and open applications and add-on packages. You can

also click and drag to create desktop shortcuts.

3. Open applications: Displays currently launched applications and packages. You can right-

click and pin the applications or packages to the taskbar for faster access in the future.

4. Upload Queue: Appears when you start uploading files to your Synology NAS. Click the icon

to see more details, such as progress and upload speed.

5. External Devices: Appears when an external device (e.g., a USB flash drive) is attached to

your Synology NAS.

6. Notifications: Displays notifications, such as errors, status updates, and package

installation notifications.

7. Options: Click the menu to shut down, restart, or sign out of your Synology NAS. You can

also select Personal from the menu to modify personal account settings.

8. Widgets: Show or hide widgets. Widgets are located on the right side of DSM desktop by

default, displaying various types of system information, such as storage, system health, etc.

9. Search: Quickly find specific applications, packages, or DSM Help articles.

Main menu

You can find a list of applications and packages installed on your Synology NAS here. To create

a desktop shortcut, open Main Menu, and click and drag an application or package to the side.

Shutdown, restart, signing out, and personal settings

Click the Options menu (the person icon on the upper right) to shut down, restart, or sign out

of your Synology NAS.

In addition, you can select the Personal option from the drop-down menu to manage your

account settings, such as the password, display language, sign-in methods, and display

preferences. The following gives you an overview of tabs under this option:

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

• Account: Edit account settings, enable advanced sign-in methods, and view recent login

activities of your DSM account (refer to this article for more information).

• Display Preferences: Edit date and time formats as well as the appearance of your desktop

(refer to this article for more information).

• Email Delivery: Add your email accounts at this tab. These email accounts are used in the

following scenarios (refer to this article for more information):

• Deliver files stored in File Station as attachments.

• Send event invitation emails via Synology Calendar.

• Send notification emails when sharing files with others via Synology Drive.

• Quota: View your quota on all volumes set by the administrator's account, as well as the

amount of capacity you have used on each volume. On models with Btrfs support, you can

also view the quota and capacity usage of each shared folder.

• Others: Customize other personal account options (refer to this article for more

information).

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

2.5 Check regional options

In Control Panel > Regional Options, you can configure the following regional settings:

• Time: Set up system time settings of your DSM. You can check the current time, manually set

the server's date and time, or have them set automatically using a network time server (refer

to this article for more information).

• Language: Set the language for display, notification, and code pages (refer to this article for

more information).

• NTP Service: Set your Synology NAS as a network time server to synchronize time with other

devices over networks. Please note that the NTP service is required for Surveillance Station

and a high-availability cluster. Therefore, if you have installed and launched Surveillance

Station or Synology High Availability on your Synology NAS, the NTP service cannot be

disabled.

2.6 Specify your QuickConnect ID

QuickConnect allows client applications to connect to your Synology NAS via the Internet

without setting up port forwarding rules. It can work with Synology-developed packages, such

as Audio Station, Video Station, Download Station, Surveillance Station, Synology Photos, File

Station, Note Station, CMS, Synology Drive, and mobile applications. You can either specify

your QuickConnect ID during DSM installation, or activate the service by following the steps

below:

1. Go to Control Panel > External Access > QuickConnect.

2. Tick the Enable QuickConnect checkbox.

3. If you have not signed in to your Synology Account, a login window will pop up. Enter your

existing Synology Account information or create a new account in the window.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

4. Specify a new QuickConnect ID.

5. Click Apply.

Notes:

• A customized QuickConnect ID can only include English letters, numbers, and dashes (-). It must start with a letter, and cannot end with a dash.

• For more information on QuickConnect, please refer to this article.

2.7 Configure storage space

This section guides you through the steps of storage pool creation using the built-in package,

Storage Manager.

Understand storage pools and volumes

When it's your first time to launch Storage Manager, Storage Creation Wizard will help

you create and configure storage pools and volumes. A storage pool is a single storage unit

consisting of multiple drives. A volume is a storage space created on a storage pool. You have

to create at least one volume to store data on your Synology NAS.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Create storage pools and volumes

1. Launch Storage Manager in the Main Menu. Storage Creation Wizard will pop up to lead

you through the steps below.

2. Choose a RAID type to protect your storage. Some RAID types are available on certain

models according to the number of drive bays. To know which RAID type is proper for your

storage pool, you can refer to the Understand RAID types section or this article.

3. Deploy drives to constitute the storage pool.

4. Allocate the volume capacity.

5. Select a file system. We recommend Btrfs for its data protection features. To learn more

about the differences between Btrfs and ext4, you can refer to this article.

File system Description

Btrfs

ext4

6. Confirm the settings. The system will automatically run the storage creation and

optimization process in the background.

Supports various data protection features, e.g., snapshot, replication, point-in-time recovery, and data integrity check.

Features wide compatibility with Linux operating systems. It has fewer hardware requirements than Btrfs.

2.8 Create a shared folder and start sharing files

Through the setup of a shared folder, you can turn your Synology NAS into a convenient and

secure file-sharing center. This section explains the role of shared folders on DSM and gives

you instructions on file management using File Station and DS file.

Understand shared folders

A shared folder is a home directory where you can store and manage files and subfolders.

You must have at least one shared folder to store files on your Synology NAS. Data stored in

shared folders can be kept private or shared with specific users or groups based on custom

permission settings. Some packages or services require a dedicated shared folder to ensure

functionality. The table below shows the shared folders that are automatically created when

certain applications, services, or packages are installed or enabled.

Name Description

ActiveBackupforBusiness

chat

The ActiveBackupforBusiness folder will be created when Active Backup for Business is installed. It is used to store backup data and will contain database and configuration files when a backup task is created.

The chat folder will be created when Synology Chat Server is installed. It contains attachments in the package, including uploaded files, URL thumbnails, and profile pictures.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

docker

home

homes

MailPlus

music

NetBackup

photo

The docker folder will be created when Docker is installed. It is used to store the default mount path for a container.

The home folder will be created when the user home service is enabled. It provides a private space for each user to store data.

The homes folder will be created when the user home service is enabled. It contains home folders of all users. Only the system administrator can access and manage all users' home folders.

The MailPlus folder will be created when Synology MailPlus Server has been set up. It contains domain data, spam reports, quarantine settings, etc.

The music folder will be created when Audio Station or Media Server is installed. It is used to store music you wish to play using Audio Station or stream to other DMA devices using Media Server.

The NetBackup folder will be created when the rsync service is enabled. It is used to store backup data of rsync accounts.

The photo folder will be created when Media Server is installed or when you enable shared space in Synology Photos.

The surveillance folder will be created when Surveillance

surveillance

usbshare

video

web

web_packages

Station is installed. It is used to store Surveillance Station recordings.

The usbshare[number] folder will be created when you connect a USB drive to a USB port of your Synology NAS.

The video folder will be created when Video Station or Media Server is installed. It is the default folder used to upload videos to Video Station or stream videos to other DMA devices using Media Server.

The web folder will be created when Web Station is installed. It contains files for website hosting.

The web_packages folder will be created when Web Station is installed. It contains files of installed third-party packages (e.g., phpMyAdmin).

Set up and remove a shared folder

If you are a user belonging to the administrators group, you can create shared folders and

grant users access permissions to the folders. You can also remove any shared folders as long

as they are created by you.

• To set up a shared folder, go to Control Panel > Shared Folder. Click Create and

follow Shared Folder Creation Wizard to configure shared folder settings. For detailed

information, please refer to this article.

• To remove a shared folder, go to Control Panel > Shared Folder. Select the shared folder to

delete and click Delete.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Notes:

• Removing any shared folder removes all the data and their snapshots within the folder. If you need the data, please back them up first before the removal.

Manage files via File Station

File Station is a built-in file management tool on DSM. File Station provides a centralized

interface where you can access and manage files and folders with web browsers and grant

other users access to files based on the permissions you set. This section guides you through

the steps of file management via File Station.

Customize File Station settings

Launch File Station and click Settings. You can perform the following actions here:

• Configure general settings.

• Mount shared folders, virtual drives, servers, and cloud service.

• Allow specific users to share file links or make a request for file access.

• Set speed limits for file transfer via File Station.

• Enable converting HTML files to plain text for security reasons.

Search for files or folders

File Station provides regular search and advanced search to meet different requirements:

• To perform a regular search, click the folder where the desired files or folders are located.

Type a keyword in the Search field.

• To perform an advanced search, go to the folder where the desired files or folders are

located. Click the magnifying glass icon next to the Search field to expand the advanced

search menu, where you can set multiple search conditions for a refined search result.

Notes:

• For a quick search, it is recommended that you index shared folder contents. For detailed instructions, please refer to this article.

Manage files and folders

Select a file or folder and click Action or simply right-click it to perform the following actions:

• To send a file as email attachments: Right-click a file and select Send as email attachments.

You can directly send and share files as email attachments in File Station once you have set

up email delivery settings in the pop-up Personal window.

• To view or rotate pictures: Double-click a picture to open it in a viewer window, where you

can view and rotate pictures.

• To edit the access permissions: Right-click a file or folder and select Properties. You can edit

access permissions at the Permission tab.

• To generate file-sharing links: Right-click a file or folder and select Share. A shared link will be

automatically generated. You can further specify validity periods or enable secure sharing.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Manage files via DS file

DS file is an app available on Android and iOS devices, which allows you to access and manage

files stored on your Synology NAS. With DS file, you can browse pictures, watch videos, and

check work documents on the go. This section guides you through the process of installing and

using DS file.

Install and sign in to DS file

1. Install DS file on your mobile device.

2. Enter the following information on the login page:

• Address or QuickConnect ID: This can be either an internal or external IP address, DDNS

hostname, or Synology QuickConnect ID. You have to enable QuickConnect in Control

Panel first to sign in via QuickConnect ID. For detailed information, please refer to the

Specify Your QuickConnect ID section.

• Account and Password

• HTTPS: Enable HTTPS connections if you want to make a secure HTTPS login. Please note

that playing multimedia content over HTTPS requires port forwarding configurations and

a valid SSL/TLS certificate. For detailed information, please refer to this article.

Manage files and folders

You can perform general file management by tapping the More options icon in the upper-

right corner or the icon next to a file or folder.

• To copy, delete, download, share, rename, compress, extract, or open an item: Long press an

item and tap the More options icon to select an action to perform.

• To add a folder: Enter its parent folder, tap the More options icon, and choose Add > Create

Folder.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

• To upload an item: Browse to the destination shared folder. Tap the More options icon,

choose Add > Upload, select files to upload. You can go to the Tasks page to view upload

progress.

• To pin a file: You can pin files from your Synology NAS to your local mobile device. Tap the

icon next to a file and choose Pin. Once you pin a file, you can access it at Offline Files >

Pinned Files.

• To sync a pinned file: You can make local pinned files stay synced with source files. Tap the

icon next to a file and choose Sync for instant sync. To sync all pinned files, refresh the

Pinned Files page. All files will be synced upon your next login to DS file.

• To add a folder to My Favorites: Tap the icon next to a folder and choose Add to My

Favorites.

• To archive an item: Tap the icon next to a folder and choose Add to Archive. DS file allows

file compression to save the storage space on your Synology NAS and provides password

configurations to protect sensitive files.

2.9 Install add-on packages

Package Center offers a variety of Synology-designed and third-party packages that are

compatible with your Synology NAS.

This section guides you through the utilization of Package Center.

Install packages via Package Center

1. Launch Package Center.

2. Go to the All Packages page to see available packages.

3. Find the package you wish to install and click Install. (For paid packages, click Buy to

purchase with a credit card or click Try to use the trial version for evaluation.)

4. Once the package is successfully installed, it should appear in the Main Menu.

Install packages from Download Center

1. Go to Synology's Download Center.

2. Select your model from the drop-down menus.

3. Go to the Packages tab of search results and download the desired package as a .spk file.

4. Launch Package Center.

5. Click the Manual Install button next to the search bar.

6. Click Browse to upload the .spk file.

7. Follow the wizard to install the new package.

In addition to package installation, you can configure package-related settings, including auto-

update, and package sources in Package Center. For more information on the advanced

settings of Package Center, please refer to this article.

2.10 Create local users and groups

You can grant family members or business associates access to Synology NAS by creating user

accounts for them. For the ease of administration, you can create groups to categorize users

and manage them together. This section guides you through how to create users and groups

in Control Panel.

Create a user

1. Go to Control Panel > User & Group > User.

2. Click Create to launch User Creation Wizard.

3. On the Enter user information page, enter the following user information:

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

• Name

• Description (Optional)

• Email (Optional): Enter the user's email address. System notifications, such as password

reset messages, will be sent to the address specified here.

• Password

• Confirm password

4. On the same page, configure the following advanced settings that will be applied to the

user:

• Send a notification mail to the newly created user: You have to enable email

notifications in Control Panel > Notification > Email to allow the system to send emails.

If you have not yet set up notification settings, a confirmation dialog box will pop up and

lead you to the setup page when you tick this checkbox. For more information on the

notification settings, please refer to the Manage notifications section.

• Display user password in notification mail

• Disallow the user to change account password

• Password is always valid: You will not see this option If Password Expiration at the

Advanced tab is not enabled. This option makes this user's password always valid and

the rules of Password Expiration will not be applied to this user.

5. On the Join groups page, specify the groups to which the new user should belong. The

default groups are administrators, http, and users. Please refer to the Create a group

section to customize groups.

6. On the Assign shared folders permissions page, choose which shared folders the user

can access. When the user permissions conflict with group permissions, the privilege

priority is as follows: No access > Read/Write > Read only. The Preview column displays

the access privileges that will take effect.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

7. On the Assign user quota page, you can specify the maximum amount of space the user

can use for each volume/shared folder. Enter a value and select the size unit in the User

Quota field.

8. On the Assign application permissions page, you can control which services the user can

access. When the user permissions conflict with group permissions, the Deny permission

always has priority over the Allow permission.

9. On the Set user speed limit page, you can enable a speed limit for different services (e.g.,

File Station, FTP, rsync, etc.) to restrict the amount of bandwidth consumed by the user

when transferring files. For each service, you can select one of the following:

• Apply group settings: If the user belongs to multiple groups, the group with a higher

speed limit has priority over other ones.

• Set up speed cap: Specify upload and download speed limits in the fields to the right.

• Advanced settings: Two customized speed limits and the group limit can be applied to

the user according to the schedule you set. You can modify the speed limit settings and

set the schedule in the pop-up window.

10. On the Confirm settings page, check and confirm the setting summary.

11. Click Done to finish the settings.

Create a group

1. Go to Control Panel > User & Group > Group.

2. Click Create to launch Group Creation Wizard.

3. On the Enter group information page, enter a group name.

4. On the Select members page, add target users to the group.

5. On the Assign shared folder permissions page, specify group members' permissions to

each shared folder.

6. On the Assign group quota page, you can enable usage quota for each service to control

how much storage can be used by each group member.

7. On the Assign application permissions page, you can control which services group

members can access.

8. On the Set group speed limit page, you can enable a speed limit for different services (e.g.,

File Station, FTP, rsync, etc.) to restrict the amount of bandwidth consumed by each group

member when transferring files. For each service, you can select one of the following:

• Set up speed cap: Specify upload and download speed limits in the fields to the right.

• Advanced settings: Two customized speed limits and no limits can be applied according

to the schedule you set. You can modify the speed limit settings and set the schedule in

the pop-up window.

9. On the Confirm settings page, check and confirm the setting summary.

10. Click Done to finish the settings.

2.11 Manage notification settings

You can set Synology NAS to automatically send notifications when specific events or errors

occur. Available notification methods include emails, SMS, and push notifications. This

section provides you a brief guide on the setup of notification delivery. Go to Control Panel >

Notification.

1. Go to the Email, SMS, or Push Service tabs to enter the required information. To learn how

to fill in the information, please refer to the following articles:

• Email

• SMS

• Push Service

2. Go to the Rules tab and configure the following settings:

• Event types: Select events that trigger the system to send notification messages and

specify delivery media for each selected event.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

• Message content: Each event has its default notification message. You can also

customize message content by selecting an event and then clicking Edit Message.

Notes:

• You can go to Regional Options to change the notification language.

2.12 Fortify security

Once your Synology NAS is connected to the Internet, it is crucial to ensure system security.

This section provides you four methods to strengthen the security of your DSM.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Activate the firewall

1. Go to Control Panel > Security > Firewall.

2. Tick Enable firewall and click Apply. The default firewall profile will be applied to your

DSM. To customize firewall profiles, please refer to this article for detailed instructions.

Leverage Security Advisor

Security Advisor is a built-in application that scans your Synology NAS, checks your DSM

settings, and provides advice on how to address security weakness. Keep your Synology NAS

secure by following the steps below:

Scan your Synology NAS immediately

1. Go to Security Advisor > Overview.

2. Click Scan.

3. Fix the security weaknesses according to the scanning results.

Set up an automatic scan schedule

1. Go to Security Advisor > Advanced.

2. Tick Enable regular scan schedule under the Scan Schedule section. Select the time to

run scanning from the drop-down menus.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

3. Click Apply to save the settings.

For more information, please refer to the articles under Security Advisor.

Protect your account with 2-factor authentication

2-factor authentication provides additional security for your DSM account. Once this option is

enabled, you will need to enter a one-time authentication code besides your password when

signing in to DSM. The code can be obtained through authenticator apps (e.g., Synology Secure

SignIn and Google Authenticator) installed on your mobile device.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

To enable 2-factor authentication for your account, please follow the steps below:

• Go to Personal > Account and click 2-Factor Authentication to launch the setup wizard.

Enter your password to continue.

• If Secure SignIn Service is already enabled in Control Panel > Security > Account,

select from either Approve sign-in, hardware security key, or OTP for the second sign-

in step.

• If Secure SignIn Service has not been enabled, OTP is the only available option for the

second sign-in step.

For more information on 2-factor authentication, please refer to this article.

Enable auto block, Account Protection, and DoS protection

You can safeguard DSM through these three mechanisms: auto block, Account Protection, and

DoS protection.

Auto block unauthorized access

1. Go to Control Panel > Security > Protection > Auto Block.

2. Tick Enable auto block.

3. Enter a value in the Login attempts field and a value in the Within (minutes) field. An IP

address shall be blocked when it exceeds the number of failed login attempts within the

specified duration.

4. Tick Enable block expiration and enter a value in the Unblock after (days) field to unlock

a blocked IP address after the specified number of days.

5. Click Apply to save the settings.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Enable Account Protection to prevent login attacks

1. Go to Control Panel > Security > Account > Account Protection.

2. Tick Enable Account Protection.

3. Enter a value in the Login attempts field and a value in the Within (minutes) field. An

untrusted client will be blocked if it exceeds the number of failed login attempts within the

specified duration.

4. For Untrusted clients, enter a value in the Cancel account protection (minutes later)

field. The account protection will be canceled after the specified duration.

5. For Trusted clients, enter a value in the Unblock (minutes later) field. The account

protection will be canceled after the specified duration.

6. Click Apply to save the settings.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

Defend against DoS attacks

A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is a malicious attempt to render network services unavailable

by disrupting service functionality. To avoid this type of cyberattacks, follow the steps below:

1. Go to Control Panel > Security > Protection > Denial of Service (DoS) Protection.

2. Tick Enable Dos Protection and click Apply.

For more information on auto block, Account Protection, and DoS protection, please refer to

this article.

2.13 Keep your DSM updated

Synology releases DSM updates from time to time. Updates may include new features,

function improvements, and performance enhancements. This section guides you through the

configuration of DSM updates.

Perform manual DSM update

1. Go to Synology's Download Center.

2. Select your model from the two drop-down menus.

3. Go to the Operating System tab of search results and download an update file.

4. Go to DSM > Control Panel > Update & Restore > DSM Update.

5. Click Manual DSM Update.

6. In the pop-up window, click Browse to upload the file.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

7. Click OK and wait for the file to be uploaded.

8. After reading through the update information and ticking the confirmation checkbox, click

Update.

9. Click Yes in the confirmation box. The installation can take 20 to 40 minutes. Please do not

shut down the system during the update.

10. The system will restart all services and packages when the update is complete.

Notes:

• After a DSM update, you cannot downgrade to previous versions.

• Available updates and the latest versions may vary depending on your DSM configurations.

Set up automatic DSM update

1. Go to DSM > Control Panel > Update & Restore > DSM Update.

2. Click Update Settings.

3. In the pop-up window, you can configure the following settings to for check for DSM

releases via Synology's Download Center.

• Automatically install important updates that fixed critical security issues and bugs

(Recommended): Allow the system to automatically install important DSM updates. To

ensure that your system is always protected, we recommend enabling this option.

• Automatically install the latest update: Allow the system to automatically install new DSM

updates when the system check finds new updates available.

• Notify me and let me decide whether to install the new update: Have the system notify

you via desktop notifications when there is a new DSM update available. You can choose

whether to download the update after receiving the notification.

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

• Check schedule: Decide when the system should check for available updates. Specify the

check time from the drop-down menus.

Notes:

• An automatic update only applies to minor updates and not to major updates. Generally, minor updates consist of bug fixes and security patches, major updates include brand-new features and performance enhancement in addition to bug fixes and security patches, and important updates contain fixes of critical security issues or bugs. For more information about important updates, please refer to this article.

Chapter 3: Account & Privileges

3.1 Account & privileges

You can create user accounts to share DSM access with others and set up user groups to

simplify account and permissions management.

Assign each user shared folder access, application permissions, storage quotas, or access

speed limits. Grant access privileges to individual users or groups.

Administrative delegation allows you to assign management duties to users or groups that do

not have administrator rights. Task specific users with managing user accounts, shared folders,

or system services, or assign system monitoring duties.

Chapter 3: Account & Privileges

Delegating administrative tasks helps you distribute your IT workload and allows colleagues to

take over tasks when you are absent.

Account and privilege related settings can be configured in Control Panel > User & Group.

To learn how to create and manage users and groups, refer to the step-by-step guide in the

Quick Start Guide section. For more detailed information, refer to the articles under User and

Group.

Further reading

• Video tutorial: How to manage User Privileges on Your Synology NAS

Chapter 3: Account & Privileges

3.2 Directory clients

In Control Panel > Domain/LDAP, you can join your Synology NAS to an existing directory

service such as Microsoft Active Directory, Synology Directory Server, or JumpCloud LDAP

service. As a directory client, you can manage directory users' access permissions to shared

folders, home folders, and DSM services.

You can also turn your Synology NAS into a Single Sign-On (SSO) client. WIth your Synology

NAS acting as an SSO client, users need to enter their credentials only once to access all their

Synology services and devices.

You can turn your Synology NAS into an SSO client whether or not you join it to a directory

service.

To learn how to join your Synology NAS to a directory service, refer to this article.

Further reading

• How can I implement an SSO solution on Synology NAS with Azure AD Domain

Services?

3.3 Synology Directory Server

Synology Directory Server lets you manage domain accounts and resources over Samba. It

supports commonly used Windows Active Directory features:

• Classifying objects with organizational units (OUs)

• Applying group policies for device management

• Using Kerberos for authentication

• Joining diverse client devices

With Synology Directory Server, you can securely store a directory database, manage user

accounts, and deploy devices based on your organization structure.

To learn how to set up a domain via Synology Directory Server, refer to this article.

Further reading

• How do I deploy roaming profiles for Synology Directory Server's users?

• How do I mount network drives for Synology Directory Server's users?

• How do I configure group policies for Synology Directory Server?

• Why are there "sysvol" and "netlogon" folders?

3.4 LDAP Server

Run an account authentication service with LDAP Server. LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access

Protocol) is a cross-platform protocol used to consolidate and govern access to centrally

stored directory information over IP networks.

Different lists of users within your organization can be merged into one LDAP directory,

reducing the number of databases for you to manage.

With LDAP Server set up, you can:

• Build a Provider-Consumer server architecture.

• Specify connection settings to restrict access by anonymous, non-encrypted, or idle clients.

• Create and organize users and groups according to your needs.

• Customize sign-in and password settings to secure accounts.

• Back up and restore your LDAP database and package settings.

Chapter 3: Account & Privileges

• Turn your Synology NAS into an identity provider for Google Workspace domains.

To learn more about setting up LDAP Server, refer to this article.

Further reading

• How to join Mac/Linux client computers to the Synology LDAP directory service

• How can I sync Synology's LDAP Server with Google Workspace via Google Cloud

Directory Sync?

3.5 SSO Server

If you are hosting several applications on your Synology NAS, it pays to set up a single sign-on

by downloading Synology SSO Server. Integrating web applications allows access to apps with

one set of credentials. Both you and your users can benefit from the convenience and speed it

brings:

• Users only need to remember one set of sign-in credentials and do not have to sign in to

different apps separately.

• You can centralize your application management without keeping different sets of

credentials of the same user in your databases.

• The minimized database reduces sign-in issues.

Note that SSO Server requires a domain or LDAP service to function. To learn how to set up SSO Server, refer to

this article

Chapter 3: Account & Privileges

3.6 RADIUS Server

RADIUS Serveris an add-on package that offers centralized authentication, authorization, and

accounting (AAA) for wired and wireless network connections viathe Remote Authentication

Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) protocol. RADIUS Server lets you:

• Flexibly deploy wireless routers, VPN servers, and network switches with RADIUS support on

your network.

• Unify the security regulation process of different connection types.

• Choose between various authentication methods (e.g., PAP, MS-CHAP, PEAP, EAP-MSCHAPv2,

or EAP-TTLS).

• Import existing local DSM, domain, or LDAP user lists.

• Configure detailed restrictions for users and groups.

• Keep track of the access statuses with detailed reports.

For more information on RADIUS Server, refer tothis article.

Chapter 4: Storage & Virtualization

4.1 Storage Manager

Storage Manager allows you to organize the storage units on your Synology NAS, monitor

overall storage use, and inspect the health of all your drives.

Key Terms:

Before using Storage Manager, it can help to familiarize yourself with the following terms:

• Storage Pool:

• Combine one or more drives into a single storage unit called a storage pool. A storage

pool can be configured to be protected by a data storage technology known as Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID).

• RAID:

• RAID is a data storage technology that aggregates multiple physical drives into one or

more logical units for improved fault tolerance, performance, and storage capacity.

• Supported RAID types vary according to your Synology NAS model. For details, refer to

this article and the product specs of your Synology NAS.

• Volume:

• Volumes are created on top of storage pools and provide the basic storage space on

your Synology NAS. All of your shared folders, documents, and package data will be stored here.

Chapter 4: Storage & Virtualization

Storage Pools and Volumes

Create at least one storage pool and volume to start storing data on your Synology NAS. For

more information, refer to the instructions in Chapter 2.7.

You can go to Storage Manager > Overview to find key information about your storage

system, such as overall system status, volume usage, drive information, and scheduled tasks.

View and manage all your storage pools and volumes at Storage Manager > Storage. The

actions you can perform here depend on your Synology NAS model and configurations:

• Change the RAID type of a storage pool without losing existing data.

• Convert a storage pool from single-volume support to multiple-volume support.

• Add or replace drives to expand the capacity of a storage pool and volume.

• Enable SSD TRIM to optimize the performance of an SSD-only storage pool.

• Perform or schedule data scrubbing on a storage pool to maintain data consistency.

• Perform file system defragmentation to improve a volume's file access performance.

Further reading

• For more information, refer to the articles under Storage Pool and Volume.

Hot Spare

Hot spare drives are standby drives that allow your Synology NAS to automatically repair

degraded storage pools. You can assign hot spare drives to protect storage pools with a drive

fault tolerance of one or more drives at Storage Manager > Storage > Hot Spare.

When a drive crashes and causes a storage pool to degrade, the hot spare drive replaces the

crashed drive, allowing the storage pool to recover. For more information, refer to this article.

Notes:

Please note the following requirements and limitations:

• The RAID type of the storage pool must have a fault tolerance of 1 or more drives (i.e., RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10, RAID F1, and SHR comprising at least two drives).

• The capacity of the hot spare drive must be equal to or larger than the capacity of the smallest drive in a RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10, or RAID F1 storage pool.

• The capacity of the hot spare drive must be larger than or equal to the capacity of the largest drive in an SHR storage pool.

• HDDs and SSDs can each only be assigned as hot spares to storage pools of the same drive type. Only SSD hot spares can protect SSD storage pools, and only HDDs can protect HDD pools.

SSD Cache

SSD cache is a cost-effective way to improve the performance of HDD arrays. It improves

random access by storing frequently accessed data on the SSDs of an SSD cache mounted on

a volume or LUN. Note that this feature is only available on specific models. To find out which

Synology NAS models support this feature, refer to this article.

Chapter 4: Storage & Virtualization

There are two types of SSD cache:

• A read-only cache uses one or more SSDs to store frequently read data and accelerate

random read performance. No data loss will occur in the event of SSD failure because this

cache mode only stores copies of data from the volume.

• A read-write cache uses at least two SSDs to create a fault-tolerant cache. The read-write

cache first writes data to the SSDs to improve the random read/write performance and

accelerate data access speed.

Both types or modes of SSD cache can consist of up to 6 SSDs and must be comprised of

drives of the same type. For more information on requirements and how to set up an SSD

cache, refer to this article.

If you are unsure what is the best SSD cache size for your use case, we strongly recommend

running an analysis in Storage Manager > Storage > SSD Cache Advisor beforehand.

The SSD Cache Advisor analyzes your current data use patterns and recommends a suitable

SSD cache size for your selected volume. Allow the initial analysis to run for at least seven days

for more accurate results.

For more information about SSD Cache Advisor, refer to this article.

Further reading

You may want to read the following related articles for more information:

• Important considerations when creating SSD cache

• Frequently asked questions about using Synology SSD cache

• What is the minimum recommended size for my SSD cache?

Chapter 4: Storage & Virtualization

HDD/SSD

Inspect the health of your drives and take follow-up actions in Storage Manager > HDD/SSD.

Depending on your storage setup and Synology NAS model you can:

• Examine your drives' health information, including location, storage pool allocation status,

health status, temperature, serial number, and firmware version.

• Schedule and run S.M.A.R.T. tests to examine the status of your drives.

• Assign drives to create, manage, or repair a storage pool or SSD cache.

• Enable SSD estimated lifespan notifications and request a warning whenever an SSD's

estimated life expectancy reaches a specified value.

• Enable write cache support to boost the system performance of your Synology NAS.

Further reading

• Refer to this article for more information on the HDD/SSD page.

4.2 Storage expansion

You can pair your Synology NAS with additional expansion units or external devices to scale up

your storage.

Expansion units

Scale up your Synology NAS with an expansion unit to increase your overall storage or

use the expansion unit server as a backup location. Expansion units are designed to work

automatically once connected to a Synology NAS and let you seamlessly upgrade your storage

space.

You can create and manage storage spaces that span across your main Synology NAS and

connected expansion units. However, we recommend keeping each storage space on one

device for better performance.

Further reading

• For information on Synology expansion unit models, visit this page.

• If you already own an expansion unit, you can refer to this solution guide for best practice tips.

External devices

Manage the external devices (e.g., SD cards or USB devices) connected to your Synology

NAS device inControl Panel > External Devices. Connected external devices will appear as

system-created shared folders that allow you to access their drive capacity.

Installing the USB Copy package allows you to copy files between your Synology NAS and

external storage devices in multiple ways. Synology NAS only recognizes certain file systems

over USB: Btrfs, ext3, ext4, FAT32, exFAT, HFS Plus, and NTFS. External drives with other file

systems must be formatted before use. For more information, refer to this article.

If you wish to access data stored on exFAT file systems, you can install theexFAT

Accesspackage on your Synology NAS. Refer tothis articlefor more information on the

exFAT package and this article for compatible models.

4.3 Storage Analyzer

Chapter 4: Storage & Virtualization

Storage Analyzer allows you to monitor the overall use trends of your Synology NAS. Create

reporting tasks to obtain detailed reports on volume usage that help you manage your

system and optimize your settings. For more information, refer to the articles under Storage

Analyzer.

4.4 SAN Manager & Storage Console

Make Synology NAS as extended storage for your computers with SAN Manager. You can

divide a part of a volume to create LUNs and connect to them using storage area networking

(SAN) services.

Synology NAS provides certified storage for VMware®, Microsoft®, and other virtualization

platforms. For better management efficiency, install Synology Storage Console for VMware and

Windows to manage your storage systems right in the hypervisor.

• Choose between iSCSI and Fibre Channel as the protocol to deploy your own SAN storage.

Deploying Fibre Channel requires an adequate switch and adapter.

• Create Thick-provisioned or Thin-provisioned LUNs as block-level data storage.

• Protect block-level storage with snapshot and replication features.

To learn how to configure your iSCSI or Fibre Channel services, refer to the articles under SAN

Manager. For more information on the plug-ins, check out the articles about Synology Storage

Console for VMware and Windows.

Further reading

• Refer to this tutorial for instructions on installing Synology Storage Console in your VMware environment.

Chapter 4: Storage & Virtualization

4.5 Virtual Machine Manager

Virtual Machine Manager is a full-fledged hypervisor for Synology NAS. You can run virtualized

Windows or Linux services on your Synology NAS and create virtual instances of Virtual DSM.

The clustering architecture allows you to manage virtual machines and operations across

multiple Synology NAS from a single portal. Allocate available hardware resources and migrate

virtual machines between different Synology NAS whenever needed.

For data protection, secure your virtual machines with snapshot and replication protection

plans. There’s also the built-in high-availability feature to minimize system downtime.

For more information on the package and its functionalities, refer to the articles under Virtual

Machine Manager.

Chapter 5: File-Sharing & Sync

5.1 Shared Folder

Synology offers two types of shared folders for general storage purposes and multi-site file

access.

Shared Folder

The Shared Folder is the basic directory to store files and folders on your Synology NAS. You

need to create at least one shared folder before storing any data.

Chapter 5: File-Sharing & Sync

Store data in private shared folders, or share them with specific users or user groups by

configuring custom access permissions. You can also encrypt shared folders for an additional

layer of protection.

To learn how to create a shared folder and start sharing files, refer to Chapter 2.8 or the

articles under Shared Folder.

More advanced options for shared folders include:

• Cloning shared folders to create near-instantaneous copies (only available on Btrfs volumes).

• Enabling the Recycle Bin feature in shared folders to store deleted files and folders you wish

to retrieve.

• Using Key Manager to manage encryption keys of shared folders and to decrypt multiple

shared folders at a time.

Further reading

• I cannot access a shared folder on Synology NAS via SMB or AFP. What can I do?

Hybrid Share Folder

The Hybrid Share Folder is the cloud storage on Synology's public cloud solution, C2 Storage.

You can mount the Hybrid Share folder as a type of shared folder on Synology NAS and

connect your on-premises Synology NAS with your C2 Storage. Once the Hybrid Share folder

is mounted on Synology NAS, you can view all the cloud-based data locally and cache only the

most recently accessed files on the local site. The Hybrid Share folder is a feature of the Hybrid

Share service and can help you achieve the following:

• Multi-site file access: Mount the same Hybrid Share folder on multiple Synology NAS to

access the centrally stored data.

Chapter 5: File-Sharing & Sync

• Disaster recovery: Mount a Hybrid Share folder on a Synology NAS to instantly access all

the stored data without going through a time-consuming process of recovering data when

migrating to a new NAS or experiencing a drive failure.

To get started, you will need the following:

• A Hybrid Share plan

• A Synology NAS running on DSM 7.0 or above versions

• The Hybrid Share Service package

• A Btrfs volume on which to mount the Hybrid Share folder

• Connection to an external network

For more information, refer to the articles.

Encryption

Synology NAS uses AES-256 encryption to protect shared folders and Hybrid Share folders

against unauthorized access.

• Shared folders: Encryption is optional for shared folders. For more information, refer to this

article.

• Hybrid Share folders: Hybrid Share folders are always encrypted on your NAS before

transfer to C2 Storage to ensure data security. You need an encryption key to mount and

decrypt any Hybrid Share folder. Data remain encrypted while they are uploaded and while

they are stored on C2 Storage.

Permissions

You can automatically implement Windows Access Control List (ACL) permissions settings for

shared folders and Hybrid Share folders. This also allows you to customize permissions for

individual files and subfolders in Windows ACL.

5.2 File services

SMB/AFP/NFS

Configure the SMB, NFS, and AFP networking protocols on your Synology NAS to use it as a file-

sharing center. Manage files in DSM shared folders from client computers as if you were using

local storage.

DSM supports the most common protocols to provide seamless file access from Windows,

Linux, and Mac devices:

• For Windows: SMB/CIFS

• For Mac: AFP, SMB

• For Linux: NFS, SMB

Each operating system has a native file-sharing protocol that delivers the best performance for

that platform. SMB supports all three types of operating systems but may be slower than NFS

and AFP. Each protocol also has different security implications.

To enable one or more file-sharing protocols, go to Control Panel > File Services. For more

information, refer to SMB/AFP/NFS.

FTP

FTP is a convenient way to share files with known or anonymous users. Users can access an

FTP server from their computers using web browsers or FTP clients. You can level up transfer

security with FTP over SSL (FTPS) and SSH FTP (SFPT).

Chapter 5: File-Sharing & Sync

To learn how to configure FTP service, refer to the articles under FTP.

5.3 File Station

File Station is a built-in file manager for users to access and manage files easily. Share files

securely with customizable access permissions and temporary share links. It’s the centralized

location to view all files, including photos, songs, and even backup files.

Additional features include:

• Centralize file access by mounting remote folders and public cloud storage to File Station.

• Create file requests for non-DSM users to upload files to Synology NAS.

• Access files from anywhere with its mobile application, DS file.

To learn more, refer to the articles under File Station.

5.4 Synology Drive Server

Synology Drive is a comprehensive file management and collaboration solution that allows

you to easily manage, share, and collaborate files with peers. Its package includes three

components — Synology Drive Admin Console, Synology Drive, and Synology Drive ShareSync.

Chapter 5: File-Sharing & Sync

In the admin console, administrators can appoint team folders, monitor client connections,

and manage service settings; the Synology Drive web portal allows everyone to browse,

manage, share, and collaborate using files and folders with peers; Synology Drive ShareSync is

an application that synchronizes files in Synology Drive across multiple Synology NAS.

Synology Drive also comes with a desktop utility (Synology Drive Client), and a mobile app

(Synology Drive). These applications are available on all mainstream platforms.

With Synology Drive, you can achieve:

• Local file backup: Sync and back up files on your client device.

• Version control: Retain up to 32 versions per file. Synology Drive’s Intelliversioning helps

you keep the most important changes.

• Offline accessibility: Pin important files to your client device for continuous accessibility,

even when your client device is offline.

• Multi-site exchange: Synchronize files and folders across multiple sites to simplify local

access and enhance cross-office file collaboration. It also provides additional file redundancy.

• Real-time collaboration: Integration with Synology Office and Synology Chat increases

productivity. Collaborate using documents, spreadsheets, or slides and initiate discussions

as you work.

To learn how to set up Synology Drive, refer to the articles under Synology Drive Server.

Further reading

• The storage space in Synology Drive Server is nearly full. What can I do?

• How do I back up data on my computer using Synology Drive Client?

• How do I sync data between multiple Synology NAS via Synology Drive Server?

5.5 Cloud Sync

Connect your Synology NAS with Google Drive, Dropbox, and other public cloud services to

create your own hybrid cloud. Choose between one-way or two-way synchronization to back

up or sync data between your private NAS and public clouds.

You can use one-way synchronization to back up data from your Synology NAS to public

clouds, or the other way around. File changes on the destination side of the synchronization

will not affect the source.

Meanwhile, two-way synchronization keeps files on your Synology NAS and in the public cloud

identical, automatically uploading and downloading changes on both sides.

One folder can be synced to more than one public cloud or to several accounts on the same

cloud to create multiple backups of your files. You can select exactly which files on your

Synology NAS or the public cloud you wish to synchronize, and in which direction.

To prevent unauthorized access to files in the cloud, you can protect synced files with AES-256

encryption.

By scheduling sync tasks, capping traffic, or limiting system resource use, you can prevent

Cloud Sync from affecting other applications or processes.

To learn more about Cloud Sync, refer to Cloud Sync.

5.6 WebDAV

WebDAV (Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning) is an extension of the HTTP

protocol that allows users to manage files stored on remote servers. Common client programs

supporting WebDAV include Windows File Explorer, macOS Finder, and many Linux file

managers.

After setting up WebDAV Server, you can mount and access shared folders on Windows,

macOS, or Linux devices.

Chapter 5: File-Sharing & Sync

WebDAV has the following advantages over other file access protocols:

• Provides better performance than CIFS/SMB over VPN

• Supports editing files on client devices

• Takes advantage of HTTPS security

To learn how to enable WebDAV on your Synology NAS, refer to this article.

Further reading

• How do I access files on Synology NAS with WebDAV?

• How do I import calendars from WebDAV Server to Synology Calendar?

Chapter 6: Data Backup

6.1 Active Backup Suite

PC/Server/VM backup solution

Active Backup for Business

Your Synology NAS can be a backup destination of your personal computers, physical servers,

file servers, and virtual machines.

Active Backup for Business is an all-in-one business data protection solution that allows you

to easily manage, deploy, and monitor multiple customized backup tasks for multiple devices

in one centralized location. Active Backup for Business consists of an admin console and a

recovery portal. The admin console allows you to deploy and track the protection of multiple

devices. The recovery portal allows admin users and end-users delegated by the server admin

to access, browse, download and restore backed-up data. Maximize backup efficiency with

Active Backup for Business with global deduplication, data compression, and incremental

backup technologies. Even when data are backed up from different platforms, storage space

consumed by the same backup data can be greatly reduced.

Moreover, various restoration methods for backed-up devices, such as full device restoration

and instant restoration to virtual platforms, are provided to satisfy different IT needs. When

an IT disaster strikes, you can retrieve your backup data in a flash to shorten service downtime

and ensure business continuity.

Active Backup for Business supports the following backup devices:

• Windows personal computer

• Windows physical server

• Linux physical server

• VMware vSphere virtual machine

• Microsoft Hyper-V virtual machine

• SMB protocol file server

• rsync protocol file server

To learn how to create a backup task for each device in Active Backup for Business, refer to the

articles under Active Backup for Business.

SaaS backup solution

Active Backup for Microsoft 365

Back up your important data located on Microsoft services, including OneDrive for Business,

Exchange Online, and SharePoint Online with Active Backup for Microsoft 365. Users of the

following Microsoft 365 plans: Business, Enterprise, Education, and Exchange Online can back

up their data on Microsoft services to Synology NAS.

Active Backup for Microsoft 365 comprises an admin console and a recovery portal. The

admin console is a centralized management interface, where Microsoft 365 global admins can

create backup tasks, monitor backup status, and manage storage consumption. After admins

perform a backup task in the admin console, users can restore backup data on their own in

the recovery portal.

With Active Backup for Microsoft 365, you can protect data kept on Microsoft 365 to minimize

the risk of data loss and flexibly retrieve backup data. Continuous backup allows businesses to

back up users' services in a non-stop manner, thereby minimizing the risk of data loss. When

data recovery is needed, granular restoration and data exportation are offered by the recovery

portal. Easily restore data to the original location or download data to the local device in one

single location.

Chapter 6: Data Backup

The following lists the supported backup options for each Microsoft service:

• OneDrive for Business: Files, file-sharing permissions, and corresponding metadata

• Exchange Online: Mailbox including mails, folder structure, email attachments, contacts,

and calendar along with event attachments.

• SharePoint Online: Document libraries and lists stored in Sites, My Sites, and Team Site.

To learn how to create a backup task in Active Backup for Microsoft 365, refer to this article.

Active Backup for Google Workspace

Active Backup for Google Workspace is designed to back up data stored in Google Drive, Gmail,

Google Contacts, and Google Calendar. Active Backup for Google Workspace comprises of an

admin console and a recovery portal. The admin console allows Google Workspace admins to

create backup tasks for all Google Workspace accounts and provides a centralized interface

with comprehensive management and monitoring features. The recovery portal features the

self-service of backup data restoration for admin and non-admin users.

With Active Backup for Google Workspace, you can protect data on Google Workspace to

minimize the risk of data loss and flexibly retrieve backup data. Continuous backup allows

businesses to back up users' services in a non-stop manner, thereby minimizing the risk of

data loss. When a data recovery is needed, granular restoration and data exportation are

offered by the recovery portal. Easily restore data to the original location or download data to

the local device by a single recovery portal.

The following lists the supported backup options for each Google Workspace service:

• Google Drive: Files, file-sharing permissions, and corresponding metadata in My Drive and

shared drives.

Chapter 6: Data Backup

• Gmail: Mailbox including labels and email attachments.

• Google Contacts: Contact data.

• Google Calendar: Calendars including calendar events along with their attachments.

To learn how to create a backup task in Active Backup for Google Workspace, refer to this

article.

6.2 USB Copy

USB Copy lets you copy data between a Synology NAS and a USB storage device or an SD card.

For storage efficiency, you can configure the following settings for a copy task to ensure only

targeted data are exchanged and only important copy versions are retained:

• Customized filters according to file types and extensions.

• Incremental, mirroring, and multi-versioned copy modes.

• Version rotation for the multi-version copy mode.

You can customize a copy task for each USB/SD storage device. When a device once used for

a copy task is attached to the Synology NAS, it can be recognized and previous settings will be

automatically applied.

To learn about how to create a copy task, refer to this article.

Notes:

• All the USB/SD storage devices in the following Synology supported file systems are allowed to copy data from or to a Synology NAS: FAT32, NTFS, ext3, ext4, and exFAT.

Chapter 7: NAS Protection

7.1 DSM configuration backup

Regularly backing up system configurations lets you quickly retrieve and restore your settings

without any hassle. You can set up DSM to automatically back up system configurations to

your Synology Account in Control Panel > Update & Restore > Configuration Backup.

Backups can also be performed manually with the data saved to your computer.

Chapter 7: NAS Protection

To learn about how to set up DSM system configuration backup, refer to this article.

7.2 Hyper Backup

Hyper Backup enables you to back up and restore all data on your Synology NAS, such as

system configurations, permission settings, applications, folders, files, and LUNs. A wide

selection of backup destinations includes local folders, remote NAS, rsync file servers, and

multiple cloud service providers. This gives you more flexibility in structuring a backup

strategy.

Chapter 7: NAS Protection

Multiple data backup versions can be retained to keep important information handy and

easy to track. Backup data are kept in an encrypted database that can be easily browsed,

downloaded, or restored using Hyper Backup Explorer on DSM, Windows, Mac, and Linux

platforms.

To learn how to create a backup task in Hyper Backup, refer to this article.

7.3 Snapshot Replication

Protect your NAS with schedulable and near-instantaneous snapshot and replication plans. A

snapshot is the state of your NAS at a point in time. Compared to full backups, snapshots use

minimum storage space and can be taken within seconds with the help of Btrfs. Recover your

data using snapshots after accidental or malicious data loss or corruption. You can view earlier

versions of files and restore them easily in File Station or Windows File Explorer. Automatically

delete unneeded older snapshots and free up storage space by customizing a retention policy.

If you have more than one Synology NAS that supports Snapshot Replication, you can replicate

snapshots to a remote NAS to further secure your data. Configure replication schedules to

regularly take snapshots of your share folders/LUNs and transfer snapshots as well to the

other NAS. When the replication source is not accessible, you can perform a failover to ensure

file access on the other NAS. This can be very helpful if you are planning for a disaster recovery

scenario, by making sure that you can always access the data on your NAS.

For more information on snapshot and replication, refer to this article.

7.4 Synology High Availability

High Availability refers to a server layout solution designed to reduce interruptions of services

caused by server malfunctions. With two Synology NAS, you can leverage Synology High

Availability to establish a "high-availability cluster" where one server assumes the role of

"active server" and the other acts as a standby "passive server".

Using a real-time data mirroring mechanism, all the data stored on the active server are

replicated to the passive server in real-time. This ensures all replicated data are quickly

accessible after incidents of hardware failure, minimizing your service downtime.

To learn how to set up a high-availability cluster, refer to this article.

Chapter 8: Security

8.1 Security settings

Protect your Synology NAS from unauthorized logins with firewall rules, Auto Block, and

Account Protection from the Control Panel. Proper firewall settings let you control which IP

addresses or services have access to DSM.

The Auto Block and Account Protection features help make sure that your Synology NAS is

safe from brute-force attacks. They block IP addresses or DSM accounts with too many failed

its services from a specific IP with random username/password combinations, Auto Block

prevents users of that IP address from gaining access to the NAS. Account Protection works

the same way but focuses on individual accounts, blocking users' access to specific accounts.

Chapter 8: Security

Certificates from Let's Encrypt or other certificate authorities help secure connections to

and from DSM. When you connect to DSM through a web browser, certificates encrypt

the information sent between DSM and the browser to prevent any possible information

interception.

Security settings can be configured in Control Panel > Security. To learn more about these

settings respectively, refer to the following articles: Firewall, Protection, and Certificate.

8.2 Secure SignIn

Secure SignIn Service is aimed at improving the overall security of DSM accounts while offering

easy-to-use and flexible login options. With the use of a single-tap prompt (Approve sign-

in) or a hardware security key, you can sign in without the fuss of manually typing in the

password. To further safeguard your account, enable the 2-factor authentication option. After

entering the password, as the second step of identity verification, select from either one-

time verification codes (OTP), Approve sign-in, or hardware security key for a seamless login

experience.

Synology offers a mobile authenticator app, Synology Secure SignIn, for approving sign-in

requests and receiving OTP codes.

To learn more about sign-in methods and 2-factor authentication, refer to the articles under

Sign-In Methods.

Chapter 8: Security

8.3 Security Advisor

Security Advisor offers a comprehensive security checkup on the system settings of your

Synology NAS. It scans for security weaknesses and provides recommendations for you to take

action on.

With Security Advisor, you can perform the following security checks to ensure data and

system security:

• Detecting and removing malware.

• Checking for password strength.

• Scanning system and related network settings.

• Analyzing suspicious login activities.

• Checking for available DSM and package version updates.

You can run a manual/scheduled system checkup based on a preferred security baseline or

customize a checklist to meet your needs. The results can be consolidated into a daily/monthly

report by configuring the settings at Security Advisor > Advanced > Report Settings. To

receive the reports via email, go to Control Panel > Notification and enable notification

service.

To get started, refer to section 2.12 for step-by-step instructions.

For more information, refer to the articles under Security Advisor.

8.4 Antivirus

Protect your Synology NAS from malicious threats with an antivirus solution. You can run a

full system scan, scan specific folders, or schedule automatic scan tasks. Virus definitions will

automatically update to ensure maximum security.

Two antivirus packages are available in Package Center: Antivirus Essential (free, based on

the ClamAV scanning engine) and Antivirus by McAfee (paid service, powered by the McAfee

scanning engine). For more information, refer to the following articles: Antivirus Essential,

Antivirus by McAfee.

Chapter 9: Network

9.1 External Access

If your Synology NAS is located within a private network (e.g., connected to a router as a client),

you can configure external access settings to allow your Synology NAS to be accessible from

anywhere over the Internet. This section explains the basics regarding three approaches to

external access: QuickConnect, DDNS, and port forwarding.

QuickConnect

Chapter 9: Network

QuickConnect is designed to make connections to your Synology NAS easy and quick from

outside of your local network. With a customized QuickConnect ID, you can access your

Synology NAS without needing to configure a static external IP address, set up NAT port

forwarding rules, or switch between WAN/LAN addresses when your Synology NAS is moved

to another location.

QuickConnect can be configured in Control Panel > External Access > QuickConnect. To

learn how to set up QuickConnect, refer to this article.

Chapter 9: Network

Further reading

• What are the differences between QuickConnect and DDNS?

• Which packages or services support QuickConnect?

• I can't access my Synology device via QuickConnect. What can I do?

• Synology QuickConnect White Paper

DDNS

DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) is an efficient way to allow external access to Synology

NAS. It simplifies connections to your Synology NAS over the Internet by mapping a hostname

to its IP address. For example, you can access your Synology NAS using a DDNS hostname (e.g.,

"www.john.synology.me") instead of using an IP address (e.g., "10.17.1.1").

DDNS hostnames can be configured in Control Panel > External Access > DDNS. To learn

how to register a DDNS hostname for your Synology NAS, refer to this article.

Further reading

• What are the differences between QuickConnect and DDNS?

• Frequently asked questions about Synology DDNS service

Port forwarding

Port forwarding allows external devices to access resources within a local area network. It

works by redirecting network packets from a NAT device (e.g., a router) to the IP address/port

combination of a local device.

Chapter 9: Network

Port forwarding rules can be configured in Control Panel > External Access > Router

Configuration.

To learn how to set up port forwarding rules on DSM, refer to this article.

Further reading

• For more information on port forwarding mechanism, refer to the mechanisms of port forwarding section in this article.

• What network ports are used by DSM services?

• Video tutorial: How to Configure Port Forwarding to Remotely Access Your Synology

NAS

9.2 Network Settings

In most cases, you can start exploring services on your Synology NAS right after installing DSM

without the need to configure network settings. For those who wish to customize the settings,

you can do so by going to Control Panel > Network.

Chapter 9: Network

The following introduces some generic network options available in Control Panel > Network

> General:

• Change the hostname: A hostname is a unique and absolute label for a device on a network

and is used to identify the device during network communication. To edit the hostname of

your Synology NAS, enter a new name in the Server name field under the General section.

• Assign the default gateway: A gateway connects multiple different networks so that the

data from your Synology NAS can be transmitted to other networks. The default gateway

will be the device used if no alternative routes are specified. To assign the default gateway,

click the Edit button beside Default gateway and arrange the priority order of connected

gateways.

• Specify DNS servers: The Domain Name System (DNS) resolves easy-to-memorize Internet

addresses to the numeric addresses that Internet-connected devices use. When your

Synology NAS connects to a domain name such as "www.synology.com", its DNS server

is responsible for querying the site's IP address "210.61.203.200", allowing your Synology

NAS to access the website’s information. Under the General section, you can tick Manually

configure DNS server and specify a preferred DNS server along with an alternative one.

• Connect via a proxy server: A proxy server functions on behalf of client devices to access

resources on the Internet. To specify a proxy for your Synology NAS, tick Connect via a

proxy server under the Proxy section, enter the Address and Port, and then click Apply.

For more information on settings in Control Panel > Network > General, refer to this article.

Manage network interfaces

A network interface serves as a medium that connects your Synology NAS to local networks

or the Internet. There are three connection types for network interfaces you can configure in

Control Panel > Network > Network Interface, as listed below:

Chapter 9: Network

• Dynamic IP: Your Synology NAS will obtain a dynamic IP address automatically from a DHCP

(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server (e.g., a router) after DSM has been installed.

If you have changed the connection type of Synology NAS but would like to use dynamic

IP mode again, select the specified network interface, click Edit, and tick Get network

configuration automatically (DHCP) at the IPv4 tab.

• Static IP: If you already have some fixed IP addresses, you can adopt this connection type

for network interfaces. For enterprise use, we suggest assigning a static IP address to your

Synology NAS because this makes it easier to be managed by IT administrators. To learn how

to set up a static IP address on DSM, refer to this article.

• PPPoE: If your Synology NAS connects to the Internet via a DSL or cable modem and you

have purchased a PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) service from your ISP, you

can adopt this connection type to allow your NAS to directly connect to the Internet without

a router. To learn how to enable PPPoE connections on DSM, refer to this article.

In Control Panel > Network > Network Interface, you can configure more settings related to

the network interfaces of your Synology NAS, including IPv6 connections, VPN client settings,

and Link Aggregation. The following section will briefly introduce these options and guide you

on their configurations.

Chapter 9: Network

Set up IPv6 connections

Besides connections to the Internet via the IPv4 protocol, DSM also supports IPv6 address

structure through the following two strategies (they can be adopted simultaneously):

• Dual stack: An IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack configuration lets you configure your Synology NAS with

both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address. Use this approach to access resources across IPv4 and

IPv6 network environments.

• Tunneling: Tunneling involves transmitting one protocol inside another through

encapsulation. Using this method allows your Synology NAS to encapsulate IPv6 packets in

IPv4 packets and send them across IPv4 networks.

To learn how to set up an IPv6-integrated network interface, refer to this article.

Further reading

• What services on Synology NAS support IPv6?

Turn your Synology NAS into a VPN client

VPN (Virtual Private Network) service allows you to access resources confidentially through

your private networks, no matter your location. It can also be used to safeguard the network

connections of your Synology NAS via encrypted tunnels.

With DSM, you can easily connect to a VPN server with your Synology NAS via PPTP, OpenVPN,

or L2TP/IPSec protocols. If multiple VPN sources are available, you can also switch between

different servers by using VPN profiles.

To learn how to create VPN profiles on DSM, refer to this article.

Combine LANs with Link Aggregation

Chapter 9: Network

Link Aggregation increases the bandwidth of your Synology NAS by aggregating multiple

network interfaces and provides traffic failover to ensure uninterrupted network connections.

To learn how to bond network interfaces with Link Aggregation, refer to this article.

Control network traffic

Chapter 9: Network

In Control Panel > Network > Traffic Control, you can control the outbound network traffic

of DSM services to prevent latency, congestion, and packet loss. If you wish to limit the traffic

of a specific service, you can specify its guaranteed and maximum bandwidths on the Traffic

Control page.

To learn how to create a traffic control rule, refer to this article.

Configure static routes

In Control Panel > Network > Static Route, you can add static routes to the routing table in

DSM. By doing so, service traffic on your DSM can be transmitted via different paths according

to network destinations, which improves the routing efficiency of gateway devices in your

network environment. To learn how to set up static routing, refer to this article.

9.3 Proxy Server

A proxy server acts as a gateway that forwards web requests and data between clients on your

network and servers on the internet.

You can use a proxy server as a firewall, to filter web traffic, manage shared network

connections, and speed up responses for common web requests.

Chapter 9: Network

Proxy Server can be downloaded and installed at Package Center. To learn how to set up and

configure your proxy server with this package, refer to the articles under Proxy Server.

Further reading

• To learn how to connect your Synology NAS via a proxy server, refer to the Connecting

via Proxy Server section in this article.

Chapter 9: Network

9.4 DNS Server

The Domain Name System (DNS) is an address book of the Internet. It maps meaningful names

(i.e., domain names such as "www.synology.com") into IP addresses (e.g., "210.61.203.220"),

allowing users to easily access web pages, computers, or other resources across networks.

In DSM, DNS service can be set up via DNS Server. This package is recommended for website

hosting and is necessary for Active Directory domain services. It has the following features:

• Master and slave zones: The DNS boundaries that allow granular control of DNS

components. You can store DNS information in one master zone (containing a read/write

copy of data) and multiple slave zones (containing read-only copies of data) to ensure high

availability of DNS service.

• DNS forwarding: An alternative method of DNS resolution that will be used when DNS

Server cannot find matching IP addresses in your zones.

• TSIG keys: Safeguard the synchronization of your DNS files with encryption.

• Split-horizon DNS: A function that provides each client with customized DNS information;

this can help improve security and privacy management of DNS zone records.

To learn how to set up your DNS server with this package, refer to the articles under DNS

Server.

Further reading

• How do I set up a DNS server on my Synology NAS?

9.5 DHCP Server

A DHCP server automatically assigns IP addresses and network parameters (e.g., subnet mask,

DNS server, etc.) to client devices located within the same local area network. By doing so, the

administrator does not need to manually configure the network settings for each client device.

Chapter 9: Network

DHCP Server can be downloaded and installed at Package Center. To learn how to set up and

configure your DHCP server with this package, refer to this article.

9.6 VPN Server

You can turn your Synology NAS into a VPN (virtual private network) server, allowing DSM

users to securely connect to the local area network that the Synology NAS belongs to no

matter where they are.

Chapter 9: Network

Supported VPN protocols:

• L2TP/IPSec: A combination of protocols that offers secure VPN connections. It is supported

by most clients (such as Windows, Mac, Linux, and mobile devices).

• OpenVPN: An open-source protocol for reliable and secure VPN connections. It protects VPN

connections with SSL/TLS encryption.

• PPTP: An older VPN protocol supported by most clients, including Windows, Mac, Linux, and

Android devices.

To learn how to create a VPN service using VPN Server, refer to this article.

Further reading

• How do I connect to Synology's VPN Server via Windows PC?

• How do I connect to Synology's VPN Server via Mac?

• How do I connect to Synology's VPN Server via an Android device?

• How do I connect to Synology's VPN Server via an iOS device?

• Frequently asked questions regarding VPN services on Synology NAS

Chapter 10: Management

10.1 Hardware & Power Settings

Chapter 10: Management

Hardware Settings

General hardware settings of your Synology NAS can be configured in Control Panel >

Hardware & Power > General, including the following:

• Memory Compression

• Power Recovery

• Beep Control

• Fan Speed Mode

Power Settings

The power settings of your Synology NAS can be configured at the following tabs in Control

Panel > Hardware & Power:

• Power Schedule: Specify a time for DSM to start up and shut down automatically.

• HDD Hibernation: Specify the idle time before drives enter hibernation. This function helps

you save power consumption and extend the lifespans of drives.

Chapter 10: Management

• UPS: Enable UPS support to extend the operation of your Synology NAS upon an unexpected

power outage. This will give DSM enough time to execute normal shutdown.

Further reading

• How do I recognize a hibernating Synology NAS via the LED indicators?

• What is the difference between HDD Hibernation, System Hibernation, and Deep

Sleep?

• What stops my Synology NAS from entering Hibernation?

10.2 Login Portal

You can customize the login web portals for DSM and various applications (e.g., File Station),

change their login background and appearance, and manage network settings using Login

Portal in Control Panel.

The HTTP/HTTPS port, domain name, or alias for your DSM or applications can be customized;

this allows users to access them via custom URLs. Instead of launching an application after

users sign in to DSM,a custom URLtakes them to the application interface directly. This not

only enables quick login when you want to launch a specific application but also allows you to

grant other users the permissions to only specific applications on your DSM.

Network settings management helps ensure the security of your Synology NAS. Configuring

access control rules restricts users of denied IP addresses from accessing your Synology NAS,

whereas configuring reverse proxy rules allows trusted users from sensitive ports to access

your Synology NAS.

To learn how to configure the relevant settings, refer to the articles under Login Portal.

10.3 Resource Monitor

Monitor the CPU usage, memory usage, disk utilization, and network flow of your Synology

NAS in real-time using the built-in Resource Monitor.

You can view historical data to compare system usage over a specific period and customize

performance alarms to warn you of resource anomalies promptly.

Managing the services running on your DSM and the users connected to your Synology NAS

can ensure optimal system performance and control memory usage. For example, you can

stop services that have reached pre-configured speed limits from transferring files, force users

to sign out from DSM, or stop the connected users from accessing data on your NAS.

To learn how to configure relevant settings, refer to the articles under the Resource Monitor.

Chapter 10: Management

10.4 Log Center

Log Center centralizes management of system logs. You can configure notification settings to

inform administrators when specific events occur.

Chapter 10: Management

Log Center is activated by default when your DSM is set up. For advanced features, such as

remote log transfer, and log archiving, you can install the Log Center package at Package

Center.

To learn how to use Log Center, refer to the following articles:

• Log Center (built-in function)

• Log Center (add-on package)

10.5 Universal Search

Perform keyword searches or do an advanced search into applications, folders, and files

on your Synology NAS with a few clicks using Universal Search. You can index folders or file

contents to conduct deep and fast searches into files located in folders, manage searches by

starring your favorite searches, specify a maximum number of search records, and more.

Universal Search covers the following items:

• Files (including images, music, and videos) in indexed folders

• Package-specific files:

• Notes in Note Station

• Spreadsheets and documents in Synology Office

• Offline DSM Help documents

• Applications

To learn how to search the items on your Synology NAS and configure relevant settings, refer

to the articles under Universal Search.

10.6 Central Management System

Centrally and simultaneously manage multiple Synology NAS by designating a NAS as a

hostserver and other NAS as managed servers. On the host server, IT admins responsible

for the mass deployment of multiple NAS can apply policies (e.g., enable traffic control and

firewall) to managed servers and run tasks (e.g., enable Wake on LAN) or customized scripts

(e.g., create users or install packages) on these servers. This ensures that configurations across

all servers are the same and simplifies management.

On the unified dashboard, you can monitor the overall information (e.g., connection status

and storage usage) of the managed servers, delegate administrator permissions to specific

users or groups, install DSM versions and packages, perform updates on managed servers,

and more.

To learn how to configure relevant settings, refer to the help article under Central

Management System.

Chapter 10: Management

10.7 Active Insight

Synology Active Insight is a cloud-based service that provides real-time system monitoring for

your Synology NAS. It helps with the maintenance of your NAS through the following services:

• Cloud monitoring: This service actively monitors the health and performance of your

Synology NAS. It displays the top-rated NAS for each performance metric so that you can

quickly recognize abnormalities from unexpected high values.

• Centralized management: Active Insight provides an informative overview of all your

Synology NAS through a web portal and dedicated mobile apps. It can lighten the workload

of your IT personnel as they will not have to check up on each Synology NAS one by one;

everything can be seen in one central location.

Chapter 10: Management

• Self-service troubleshooting: When a system abnormality occurs, Active Insight will deliver

a notification by email and through a push notification in the mobile app along with detailed

troubleshooting advice. Following the provided steps will reduce the time needed to find the

cause of abnormal events.

Synology Active Insight service can be enabled in Control Panel > Synology Account. To learn

how to set up and use Active Insight, refer to this article.

10.8 System reset

You can reset DSM to its factory default settings inControl Panel>Update & Restore>

System Reset. All user data and system configurations will be deleted and the DSM will be

restored to default settings. To learn about how to reset your DSM, refer to this article.

Chapter 11: Productivity

11.1 Synology Office

Synology Office is a suite of tools allowing for interactive collaboration in real-time. With

Synology Document, Spreadsheet, and Slides, you can use editing tools to create, edit, and

share your work and ideas. Because all work files are saved online, they can be accessed

anytime, anywhere using different devices, including computers, mobiles, and tablets.

Your sensitive documents in Synology Office can be protected using file encryption.

Additionally, when Synology Chat is installed on the same Synology NAS, it allows instant and

interactive collaboration at your fingertips.

Chapter 11: Productivity

To learn how to get started with Synology Office, refer to this article.

Further reading

• What types of files can I import into Synology Office?

• How do I import files on my Synology NAS into Synology Office?

• Synology Chat Plugin

11.2 Note Station

Note Station is a note-keeping application that allows you to add, view, manage, and share

your content-rich notes. For every note you take, you can easily add elements such as

reference links or audio recordings. You can also save clipped texts/graphics using Synology

Web Clipper on your Chrome browser. Easily manage your notes by grouping them by tags or

categorizing them into notebooks or shelves.

Chapter 11: Productivity

Note Station is available in web browsers, as a desktop utility, and in mobile app formats. To

learn how to manage Note Station, you can refer to this article.

Further reading

• How can I enhance my personal productivity in Note Station?

11.3 Synology Chat

Synology Chat is an instant messaging service that can be set up for both personal and

workplace communication. You can send one-on-one messages, encrypt messages for privacy,

or create channels for group discussions.

In Synology Chat Admin Console, administrators can manage channel settings, set content

deletion interval, and view logs; the Synology Chat web portal offers various features to help

increase efficiency, including pinning messages, bookmarks, scheduling messages, reminders,

and chatbots. .

The service can be integrated with Synology Office, Synology Drive, and Synology

Calendar to enhance workplace collaboration. For example, users can send messages, view

conversations, or link folders to a Chat channel when using Synology Office without having to

switch windows.

Synology Chat is available in web browsers, as a desktop utility, and in mobile app formats.

For more information on how to set up and manage Synology Chat Server, refer to the articles

under Synology Chat Server.

11.4 Synology Calendar

With Synology Calendar, you can set up personal calendars and share them with others. You

can create events and edit its details, including description, time, location, and alerts, as well as

share and invite guests.

Advanced management options are available, such as repeating events, adding event colors,

attaching files to events, editing the guest list, switching between calendars, and exporting

calendars. Additionally, when Synology Calendar is installed on the same Synology NAS as

Synology MailPlus, information sync across services is available.

To learn how to set up Synology Calendar, refer to this article.

Further reading

• How do I host calendars with WebDAV Server?

11.5 Synology Contacts

With Synology Contacts, you can create contacts, personalize labels for easy identification, and

share address books with members of your organization. There is a default group address

book, Team Contacts, that contains all users in your account system (local, domain, or LDAP

users) so you don’t have to do it manually.

Chapter 11: Productivity

Additionally, Synology Contacts can serve as a contact management add-on for Synology

MailPlus when they are installed on the same Synology NAS. It is capable of suggesting email

recipients when client users send emails on Synology MailPlus.

To learn how to organize contacts with Synology Contacts, refer to this article.

Further reading

• How do I import contacts from a CardDAV server to Synology Contacts?

• How do I sync Synology Contacts to my mobile device via CardDAV?

11.6 Synology MailPlus

With Synology MailPlus, you can run and manage a privately owned mail service on a Synology

NAS. The MailPlus suite consists of two packages: Synology MailPlus Server and Synology

MailPlus.

Synology MailPlus Server

Synology MailPlus Server is an administration console where you can centrally manage and

monitor your mail server. The key features are as follows:

• Various security tools: The following tools are supported to keep spam and phishing emails

out of inboxes or to protect email privacy: DNSBL (Domain Name System-based Blackhole

List), antivirus scan, email quarantine, SPF/DKIM/DMARC authentication, and MCP (message

content protection).

• Multiple domain management: MailPlus Server can support multiple domains. You can

configure settings related to alias, auto BCC, usage limit, and disclaimer for each domain

from a single interface.

Chapter 11: Productivity

• MailPlus high-availability: Two Synology NAS can form a MailPlus high-availability cluster

that minimizes service disruptions caused by server malfunction or overload. A two-way

synchronization will be performed to ensure mail data remain consistent across both

servers, thereby preventing data loss and shortening server downtime.

Synology MailPlus

Synology MailPlus is a versatile online mail client that works in all major browsers. The key

features are as follows:

• Email, calendar, and contact integration: When Synology MailPlus, Synology Calendar,

and Synology Contacts is run on the same Synology NAS, information can be synced across

different services. For example, email content can be added to Synology Calendar as

calendar events, and Synology Contacts can provide a contact list for auto-suggestions of

recipients.

• Shared mailbox: A personal mailbox can be shared with other internal users to create a

collaborative inbox for project tracking.

• Custom email filter: Multiple filter rules can be set up to automatically apply labels for quick

identification or move specific emails to a certain mailbox for centralized management.

• Individual blacklist and whitelist

To learn how to set up a mail server via Synology MailPlus Server, refer to this article.

Further reading

• How do I best deploy Synology MailPlus and select a suitable Synology NAS?

• How do I migrate emails from Microsoft Exchange to Synology MailPlus Server?

• How do I create a high-availability cluster for Synology MailPlus Server?

• How do I check my Synology MailPlus on Mozilla Thunderbird and Microsoft

Outlook?

• My users do not have permission to use Synology MailPlus. What can I do?

11.7 Web Station

Chapter 11: Productivity

Web Station allows you to host websites on Synology NAS. With support for PHP, MySQL,

Nginx, Apache HTTP Server, and a variety of third-party packages, you can manage dynamic

and database-driven web entrances for your personal or business needs.

The following features makes website management flexible and easy:

• Virtual hosting: You can host multiple websites, each of which has a unique URL.

• Personal websites: You can assign each local, domain, and LDAP user an independent web

portal, which allows them to host their own website.

• User-defined profiles for PHP environments and error pages

For more information, refer to the articles under Web Station.

Further reading

• How do I host a website on my Synology NAS?

• How should I set access permissions to folders used for hosting websites?

Chapter 12: Multimedia

DSM’s multimedia applications allow everyone to smart-manage their photos, organize videos,

and enjoy music anytime and anywhere. This chapter highlights some of the key features for

you to enjoy the entertainment content on your Synology NAS.

12.1 Synology Photos

Synology Photos collects and displays photos and videos saved on your Synology NAS. With its

flexible arrangement options and detailed share settings, users can tailor photo management

to their liking.

Each tab of Synology Photos represents one key feature:

• Photos allows users to manage photo and video files with folders. Users can choose to

operate alone in their Personal Space or open up Shared Space and invite others to work

together.

• Albums are virtual, and allows users to create different collections of their photos without

taking up extra storage space.

• Sharing lists the albums shared to the user and shared with others.

Its mobile application is available on iOS and Android. It is built for effortless browsing,

organizing, and back up. You can also cast photos to other screens via AirPlay or Google

Chromecast.

To learn more about operating Synology Photos on web browsers, refer to this article. To

learn more about Synology Photos mobile, refer to this article.

12.2 Video Station

Organize your video collections with Video Station. You can manage movies, TV shows, or

home videos on your Synology NAS and stream them to various devices, including computers,

DLNA/UPnP-compliant DMAs, AirPlay devices, and mobile devices.

The key features are highlighted as follows:

• Browse videos stored on your NAS: Manage videos by categorizing them intoMovie,TV

Show, andHome Videoor create a custom libraryfor easy browsing.

• Automatically retrieve video information: Locate your videos with the metadata (e.g., posters,

subtitles, and other video details) retrieved from the Internet. Information can be retrieved

by enabling theVideo Info Pluginfeature (atVideo Station>Settings>Advanced

Settings).

• Control playback of your videos: Adjust the volume, select video playback quality, or turn on

subtitles.

• Share videos with others: Share your videos with anyone using a link, or with specific users

by granting them the appropriate privileges.

Chapter 12: Multimedia

To learn how to manage Video Station, refer to the articles under Video Station.

Further reading

• How do I stream videos smoothly via Video Station/DS video?

• Can my Synology NAS convert videos for my device?

• Does my Synology NAS support streaming 4K videos?

12.3 Audio Station

Centralize your music collections in the cloud. With Audio Station, you can access music on

Synology NAS using a web browser or mobile device, or stream them to various devices for

playback.

Chapter 12: Multimedia

Audio Station provides multiple browsing and playback features to make music management

simple. The following are a list of benefits that Audio Station can bring you:

• Enjoy music anytime, anywhere: Audio Station supports AirPlay, Chromecast, CarPlay,

Android Auto, and Amazon Alexa devices, making it easy for you to play music using different

types of devices.

• Efficiently organize your music library: You can sort music by artists, albums, composers, and

genres, or createPersonal/Group/Smartplaylists for simpler management.

• Access your music with ease: You can save playlists, artists, and albums toMy Pinsfor quick

access, view the latest added music collection inRecently Added, or listen toall types of

songs randomly selected for you withRandom 100.

• Easily share music with others: You can share a single song with anyone using a link or

compile multiple songs into aShared Playlistwith the option to customize its validity period

for enhanced security.

For more information on how to manage Audio Station, refer to the articles under Audio

Station.

Further reading

• How do I enable the Audio Station skill on Amazon Alexa?

12.4 Media Server

Turn your Synology NAS into a multimedia server. With Media Server, you can stream

multimedia content from your Synology NAS to DLNA/UPnP-compliantDMAs (e.g., stereo

systems, TV sets, or gaming consoles). By connecting these devices to your home network,

you can view photos, listen to music, and watch videos without installing any applications or

devices on them.

Manage Media Server with the following options for enhanced DMA compatibility and a

smooth streaming experience:

• Audio/video conversion support to convert files into compatible formats.

• Custom MIME types that help individual devices identify file formats.

• Device lists to restrict the access of newly detected devices on LAN and to apply the settings

of predefined profiles.

For more information, refer to the articles under Media Server.

Further reading

• How to enjoy multimedia contents stored on Synology NAS with DLNA/UPnP-

compliant DMAs?

12.5 Indexing Service

Chapter 12: Multimedia

The indexing service provides a way to automatically scan and index multimedia files from

specified sharedfolders in File Station. Once indexed, these files will be accessible from your

DMAs and will be displayed in multimedia packages, including Synology Photos, Video Station,

Audio Station, Media Server, and iTunes Server.

By default, new files in thephoto,music, andvideofolders are automatically indexed. If you

wish to create an indexed folder, go to Control Panel > Indexing Service. At this page, you

can edit/remove indexed folders, set up thumbnail quality for photos and videos, or manage

conversion settings for videos.

For more information on the indexing service, refer to this article.

Notes:

• Mounted shared folders from remote servers cannot be added as indexed folders.

• You can add up to 100 indexed folders on your Synology NAS.

Chapter 13: Surveillance

Surveillance Station is a professional security solution that can be tailored to suit every user's

needs. Powered by its clean-cut web interface and extensive device compatibility, you can

easily monitor live feeds from cameras, customize video recording, receive instant alerts, and

do much more. The mobile version of Surveillance Station, DS cam, is also available for you to

manage your security on the go.

To learn how to deploy your surveillance system, refer to this document.

13.1 Set up IP Cameras

Surveillance Station is compatible with over 7,900 IP cameras – including PTZ, fisheye, multi-

lens, and other specialized devices. Video recording can either be scheduled or triggered by

Event Detection so that only valuable recordings take up your storage space.

To learn how to add cameras and apply their various features, refer to this article.

13.2 Monitor Camera Feeds

Live View supports real-time streaming of up to 100 channels on a single layout. You can freely

switch between different camera views, directly operate cameras using the on-screen camera

controls, and enable event alerts so that no unusual actions will go unnoticed.

To learn how to operate Live View, refer to this article.

Chapter 13: Surveillance

13.3 Efficient Recording Playback

Timelineis where you view security footage. Check recordings of a specific time range with

Surveillance Station’s timeline, calendar, and seek function. Filters can be configured to target

specific events or cameras. Recordings can be played back in sync or shown one by one.

For more information on recording management, refer to this article.

Chapter 13: Surveillance

13.4 Comprehensive Management Features

Administrators can extend their management beyond IP cameras and recordings. For instance:

• Action Rules automate a series of surveillance functions according to set rules, such as

setting schedules for your cameras to patrol.

• Privilege Profiles grant users with different administrative Manager/Spectator permissions to

Surveillance Station applications.

• System logs provide a full record of Surveillance Station activities while event logs list

detected events.

• Notifications can be customized to send instant alerts to security personnel.

Further reading

• For more information on action rules, refer to this article.

• For more information on users and privileges, refer to this article.

• For more information on logs in Surveillance Station, refer to this article.

• For more information on sending notifications, refer to this article.

13.5 Centralized Management System

Surveillance Station Centralized Management System (CMS) allows you to operate a multi-site

and multi-server surveillance system by turning your server into a host. Cameras, live feeds,

and recording footage can be operated via a single web portal. Automatic failover and backup

services are also available to ensure uninterrupted video surveillance.

Further reading

• For more information on how to set up Surveillance Station CMS, refer to this article.

• For more information on selecting a Synology product as a CMS host refer to this article.

Appendix

Legal Information

• Privacy Statement

• Services Data Collection Disclosure

• Synology End User License Agreement

• Synology Package Center Terms of Services

Appendix

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SYNOLOGY SYNOLOGY DS2422+, SYNOLOGY DS3622X User guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide

2.1 Install drives

2.2 Get started with DSM

2.3 Sign up for a Synology Account

2.4 Navigate your DSM desktop

2.5 Check regional options

2.6 Specify your QuickConnect ID

2.7 Configure storage space

2.8 Create a shared folder and start sharing files

2.9 Install add-on packages

2.10 Create local users and groups

2.11 Manage notification settings

2.12 Fortify security

2.13 Keep your DSM updated

Chapter 3: Account & Privileges

3.1 Account & privileges

3.2 Directory clients

3.3 Synology Directory Server

3.4 LDAP Server

3.5 SSO Server

3.6 RADIUS Server

Chapter 4: Storage & Virtualization

4.1 Storage Manager

4.2 Storage expansion

4.3 Storage Analyzer

4.4 SAN Manager & Storage Console

4.5 Virtual Machine Manager

Chapter 5: File-Sharing & Sync

5.1 Shared Folder

5.2 File services

5.3 File Station

5.4 Synology Drive Server

5.5 Cloud Sync

5.6 WebDAV

Chapter 6: Data Backup

6.1 Active Backup Suite

6.2 USB Copy

Chapter 7: NAS Protection

7.1 DSM configuration backup

7.2 Hyper Backup

7.3 Snapshot Replication

7.4 Synology High Availability

Chapter 8: Security

8.1 Security settings

8.2 Secure SignIn

8.3 Security Advisor

8.4 Antivirus

Chapter 9: Network

9.1 External Access

9.2 Network Settings

9.3 Proxy Server

9.4 DNS Server

9.5 DHCP Server

9.6 VPN Server

Chapter 10: Management

10.1 Hardware & Power Settings

10.2 Login Portal

10.3 Resource Monitor

10.4 Log Center

10.5 Universal Search

10.6 Central Management System

10.7 Active Insight

10.8 System reset

Chapter 11: Productivity

11.1 Synology Office

11.2 Note Station

11.3 Synology Chat

11.4 Synology Calendar

11.5 Synology Contacts

11.6 Synology MailPlus

11.7 Web Station

Chapter 12: Multimedia

12.1 Synology Photos

12.2 Video Station

12.3 Audio Station