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Copyright Symeo GmbH
HISTORY
Version Date Description
0001 28.05.2018 Initial Release
0002 09.08.2018 Comprehensive update
WORK
SYMBOLS USED
The following symbols are used throughout the documentation:
This symbol appears before instructions that must be followed at all times.
Failure to comply with these instructions will result in personal injury.
This symbol appears before instructions that must be followed at all times.
Failure to comply with these instructions will result in damage to
equipment.
This symbol appears before information of particular importance.
All rights reserved, particularly those relating to the translation, reprinting, and reproduction
by photocopying or similar processes of all or part of the documentation and for purposes of
the award of patents or submission of utility models.
Delivery options and technical changes reserved.
Wherever the term LPR®-1DHP-200 is used during this documentation, all products included
in the LPR®-1DHP-200 product family are addressed.
Application specific documentation can be obtained from the Partner Login under
Product Family LPR®-1DHP-200 – Product Documentation
1 Safety Notes
General
The LPR®-1DHP-200 product family is a radar distance measurement sensor that may be
used to measure distances between a radar unit and a reflector or between two radar units.
LPR®-1DHP-200 radars are purely tracking and assistance systems.
They do not satisfy special requirements for personal or functional
safety or explosion protection.
All personnel that commission or operate an LPR®-1DHP-200 radar
have to be instructed that it does not satisfy norms and requirements for
functional safety (e.g. IEC 61058, EN ISO 13849, EN 62061).
Read the documentation before operation of the radar and follow the
included safety notes.
Take note of the safety and operating instructions of the system in
which you want to install the device.
Follow national safety norms and regulations.
Installation
Installation must be carried out by qualified and trained technicians.
When the system is mounted on fixed tubes, the necessary measures to
prevent slippage of the system must be taken.
Only screwed connections with safety against loosening may be used
for mounting the radar.
Adhere to the specified tightening torques for all screws and connectors.
Screwed connections must be examined at regular intervals, especially
if the radar is mounted exposed.
Repairs and Modifications
Repairs or modifications may only be performed by the manufacturer.
Opening of the device is prohibited.
Any change or modification not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the
equipment.
The warranty shall be voided if you cause defects to the device by
installing or exchanging system extensions.
Do not drop the device and do not expose it to strong vibrations.
Power Supply
While installing or using it in open-air, transient overvoltage cannot be
excluded. Overvoltage protection is to be used for low voltage in
accordance to DIN EN 61643-21 and IEC 61643-21.
Be careful that the device can be damaged by reverse polarity despite
implementation of polarity reversal protection.
Setup and Operation
Protect the contacts of all of the device's sockets and plugs from static
electricity.
Proper operation (in accordance with IEC60950/EN60950) of the device
is only assured if the housing and integral covers for mounting slots are
fully installed (electric shock, cooling, fire protection, noise suppression).
SYMEO Local Positioning Radar System
Product Family LPR®-1DHP-200 – Product Documentation
In case of intense, direct solar radiation or other radiant heat, it may be
necessary to provide a sun or heat shield.
Be aware, that misuse, modification or damage of the sensor can lead
to erroneous distance measurements.
After mounting and commissioning, compare the actual distance to the
distance measured by the radar sensor with respect to your needed
accuracy. This step must be repeated after major changes to your
measurement setup.
System Extensions and Accessories
For LAN cabling, the requirements in accordance with EN 50173 and
EN 50174-1/2 apply. Use of either a Category 5 shielded cable for
10/100 Ethernet or Category 5e shielded cable for gigabit Ethernet is a
minimum requirement. The specifications of standard ISO/IEC 11801
must be complied with.
General Requirements for Compliance of Radio Apparatus
The operation of this device requires compliance with regional radio
regulations.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and with Industry
Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s).
Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux
appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux
conditions suivantes : (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2)
l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même
si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.
To satisfy FCC exposure requirements a separation distance of 20 cm
or more should be maintained between the antenna of this device
and persons during operation.
To ensure compliance, operations at closer distances than this are not
recommended.
To satisfy ISED exposure requirements a separation distance of 20 cm
or more should be maintained between the antenna of this device
and persons during operation.
To ensure compliance, operations at closer distances than this are not
recommended.
Pour satisfaire aux exigences d'exposition ISED, une distance de sépa
ration de 20 cm ou plus doit être maintenue entre l'antenne de cet
appareil et les personnes pendant le fonctionnement.
Pour assurer la conformité, les opérations à plus courte distance ne
sont pas recommandées.
SYMEO Local Positioning Radar System
Product Family LPR®-1DHP-200 – Product Documentation
Product Family LPR®-1DHP-200 – Product Documentation
2 The LPR®-1DHP-200 Product Family
The LPR®-1DHP-200 is a radar distance measurement sensor product family. The product
family consists of different product types, which are based on the same hardware platform.
Depending on your purchased product type, your radar provides one or more of three
different radar modes, namely a primary radar mode, a secondary radar mode and a
diversity radar mode. Table 2.1 shows the different product types and their supported radar
modes.
LPR®-1DHP- 220-R 260 281 290
Table 2.1: Supported radar modes for different LPR®-1DHP-200 product types.
Typical applications of the LPR®-1DHP-200 are:
Positioning of cranes, crane trolleys, hoists and other railbound transport systems
Process automation, monitoring and control
Collision avoidance
While reading this document keep in mind which radar modes are
supported by your device.
All LPR®-1DHP-200 product types can be configured with the help of a
Web User Interface (WebUI), which is described in chapter 8.
3 Radar Basics
3.1 Radar Distance Measurement Principle
The LPR®-1DHP-200 radar distance sensors use electromagnetic waves to measure the
distance and speed between two radars (secondary radar mode) or a single radar and a
reflector (primary radar mode).
The underlying measuring principle is based on the Round-Trip Time-Of-Flight (RTOF)
measurement between a transmitted radar signal and a received signal. The radar estimates
the time τ the radar signal needs to travel the unknown distance d from one radar to the other
(or to a reflector) and back. The distance is then calculated with the formula
Product Family LPR®-1DHP-200 – Product Documentation
3.2 Radar Beam and Opening Angle
The LPR®-1DHP-200 emits a high frequency electromagnetic radio signal with its integrated
antenna. The EM-wave is focused by a dielectric lens and creates a radar beam with an
opening angle (half power beam width, HPBW) of +/-2,5°.
Distance d in m
Radar beam 3dB
diameter in m
1 3 10 30 50 70 100 200 300 400 600
0.1 0.3 0.9 2.6 4.4 6.1 8.7 17.5 26.2 34.9 52.4
Table 3.1: Radar beam 3dB diameter vs. distance
Figure 3.1: Radar beam and opening angle.
3.3 Fresnel Zone
The area for radio transmission between two antennas is called Fresnel zone. The main part
of energy is concentrated in the first Fresnel zone.
The Fresnel zone has to be free of any obstacles to ensure that the
signal is not attenuated or interrupted.
The maximum radius of the first Fresnel zone (in the middle between two antennas) can be
calculated as follows:
= 0.5 ∙√ ∙
is the wave length and the distance between the two radar devices or a radar device and
a reflective target For a frequency of 61 GHz a wave length of approx. 0.005 m is
calculated. The maximum radius of the first Fresnel Zone is indicated by . The maximum
radius for different distances is given in Table 3.2.
In primary radar mode, a single radar measures the distance and speed to a reflective object
/ target, typically a metal corner reflector. The following features differentiate the primary
radar mode from the other radar modes:
Suitable for ranges up to 50 m
Range depends on target radar cross section (RCS)
Very high update rate (up to 350 Hz)
Cost effective installation with a single radar
Distance measurements to passive objects enable additional applications for primary radar
mode,:
Presence / absence check (e.g. in a radar barrier)
Profile / measurement (e.g. of bulk material)
Detection of arbitrary objects (e.g. of personell or vehicles)
Figure 3.3 shows the typical setup of a LPR®-1DHP-220-R radar and a corner reflector for a
primary radar distance measurement.
Product Family LPR®-1DHP-200 – Product Documentation
Figure 3.3: Primary radar mode measurement setup
3.4.2 Secondary Radar Mode
In secondary radar mode two radars measure the distance and speed between each other.
The following features differentiate the secondary radar mode from the other radar modes:
Suitable for ranges up to 300 m
Distance is always measured to the partner unit and not to passive objects
Figure 3.4 shows the typical setup of two LPR®-1DHP-260 radars for a secondary radar
range measurement.
In diversity radar mode four radar units are grouped into two pairs, which are mounted in a
way that two secondary range measurements are performed side by side separated by a
defined distance. The following features differentiate the diversity radar mode from the other
radar modes:
Suitable for ranges up to 500 m
Distance is always measured to the partner unit and not to passive objects
No clearance to reflective surfaces / objects required (see chapter 5.1; Fresnel zone still
needs to be free of obstacles)
If one of the two measurement paths fails, the system falls back to operation in
secondary radar mode and is therefore still available (error is indicated in diversity status
byte)
Figure 3.5 shows the typical setup of four LPR®-1DHP-281 radars for a diversity radar range
measurement.
The LPR®-1DHP-200 is able to operate in the 57 - 64 GHz band. Depending on your used
region and regulatory authority setting, a limited number of bandwidth modes are available
for selection in the WebUI.
The selected bandwidth modes have impact on the accuracy, resolution and range of the
radar. The dependency of performance and bandwidth mode with respect to regional
restrictions is depicted in chapter 10. It is recommended to use the 0.5 GHz or 2 GHz
bandwidth mode for standard applications.
Within a single bandwidth mode, multiple sync channels are available. For each channel
block, the effective bandwidth of a sync channel reduces with increasing sync channel
number.
3.6 Accuracy
To maximize the accuracy of a LPR®-1DHP-200 measurement setup, different error sources
which influence the accuracy need to be taken into account:
Mounting position
o
Adhere to the mounting instructions (see chapter 5) to minimize systematic errors
(e.g. horizontal or vertical offset and alignment).
Reflective surfaces and objects
o
Reflections of the radar signal, e.g. from walls, can cause distance errors in primary
and secondary radar mode which vary with the measured distance. Ensure the
recommended clearance to surfaces and objects described in chapter 5.1 or use
diversity radar mode to minimize errors caused by reflections.
Measurement noise
o
Measurement noise caused by the radar itself is the lower limit to the overall
accuracy. The noise will decrease with increasing bandwidth. For primary radar
mode, noise will increase with range and decrease with target radar cross section
Product Family LPR®-1DHP-200 – Product Documentation
(dependent on target size, shape and material). In secondary radar mode noise is
constant within the specified range and will increase for ranges above.
Temperature drift
o
Changes in device and air temperature can lead to measurement offsets of approx.
+/-10mm. These errors vary slowly with time and can be countered by ensuring
constant environmental conditions, running a warm up phase of 30 minutes before
operation or by using a calibration reference.
3.7 Range
To maximize the range of a LPR®-1DHP-200 measurement setup the following aspects have
to be taken into account:
Mounting position
o
Adhere to the mounting instructions (see chapter 5). Ensure minimum alignment error
and vertical / horizontal offset and equal orientation (for secondary and diversity radar
mode)
Fresnel zone
o
Ensure the Fresnel zone is free of absorbing or reflecting objects
Reflective surfaces and objects
o
Reflections of the radar signal, e.g. from walls, can lead to a reduction of the received
signal strength and hence maximum range. Ensure the recommended clearance to
surfaces and objects described in chapter 5.1 or use diversity radar mode to counter
the effects caused by reflections
Target RCS (only primary radar mode)
o
In primary radar mode the maximum range depends on the target RCS (radar cross
section) which is a function of target size, material and shape. If the maximum range
is required use targets with a high RCS (e.g. the corner reflector MTE000958)
VGA value
o
For maximum range set the “VGA value” to the highest possible value that is allowed
in you regulatory domain. The WebUI will use your region settings to limit the “VGA
value” and hence range is reduced in certain regions (see chapter 10).
The minimum range of the sensors can be reduced to values below the specified minimum
distance by adapting the “VGA value”, the “RX attenuator” and the threshold settings (for
primary radar). This however affects the maximum range and the accuracy of the radar and
shall therefore only be applied by trained personell.
Product Family LPR®-1DHP-200 – Product Documentation
4.3 Connectors
The housing of the LPR®-1DHP-200 provides the following M12 connectors (see Figure 4.1
and Figure 4.2):
Power supply input (C1)
Ethernet connector (C2) for network connection
The necessary connectors for manufacturing cables that fit your installation and cable length
are available from symeo and are described in the following chapters.
4.3.1 Power Supply
The LPR®-1DHP-200 is powered by a 4-pin M12-Connector.
Plugs
Recommended connector:
SACC-M12FST-4PECON-PG 9-M – 1418052 (obsolete)
SACC-M12FST-4CON-PG 9-M - 1418052
o Cable diameter: 6 - 8 mm
Tightening torque: 0.4 Nm
oSymeo order number: MTE101761
The connector is also part of the following M12 connector set: