ST MICROELECTRONICS L 6202 Datasheet

L6201
L6202 - L6203
DMOS FULL BRIDGE DRIVER
SUPPLYVOLTAGEUP TO 48V 5AMAXPEAKCURRENT (2A max.forL6201) TOTALRMS CURRENT UP TO
L6201: 1A;L6202:1.5A; L6203/L6201PS:4A R
CROSSCONDUCTION PROTECTION TTL COMPATIBLEDRIVE OPERATINGFREQUENCYUP TO 100 KHz THERMALSHUTDOWN INTERNALLOGIC SUPPLY HIGHEFFICIENCY
DESCRIPTION
The I.C. is a full bridgedriver for motor controlap­plications realized in Multipower-BCD technology which combinesisolated DMOSpower transistors with CMOS and Bipolar circuits on the same chip. By using mixed technologyit has beenpossibleto optimize the logic circuitry and thepower stage to achieve the best possible performance. The DMOS output transistors can operate at supply voltages up to 42V and efficiently at high switch-
BLOCK DIAGRAM
0.3 (typicalvalue at 25 °C)
MULTIPOWER BCD TECHNOLOGY
Powerdip 12+3+3
Multiwatt11
ORDERING NUMBERS:
L6201 (SO20)
L6201PS
L6202 (Powerdip18) L6203 (Multiwatt)
ing speeds. All the logic inputs are TTL, CMOS andµC compatible.Each channel (half-bridge) of the device is controlledby a separate logic input, while a common enable controls both channels. The I.C. is mountedin three different packages.
SO20 (12+4+4)
PowerSO20
(PowerSO20)
July 1997
This is advanced information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subjectto change without notice.
1/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
PIN CONNECTIONS (Top view)
SO20
GND
N.C. N.C.
OUT2
V
S
OUT1
BOOT1
IN1
N.C.
GND 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
D95IN216
PowerSO20
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
POWERDIP
GND N.C. N.C. ENABLE SENSE Vref BOOT2 IN2 N.C. GND
2/20
MULTIWATT11
PINS FUNCTIONS
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
Device
L6201 L6201PS L6202 L6203
1 16 1 10 SENSE A resistor R
Name Function
connected to this pin provides feedback for
motor current control.
sense
2 17 2 11 ENABLEWhen a logic high is present on this pin the DMOS POWER
transistors are enabled to be selectively driven by IN1 and IN2.
3 2,3,9,12,
3 N.C. Not Connected
18,19
4,5 4
1, 10 5 GND Common Ground Terminal
GND Common Ground Terminal
6
6,7 6 GND Common Ground Terminal
8 7 N.C. Not Connected 9481OUT2Ouput of 2nd Half Bridge
10592V
s
Supply Voltage 11 6 10 3 OUT1 Output of first Half Bridge 12 7 11 4 BOOT1 A boostrap capacitor connected to this pin ensures efficient
driving ofthe upper POWER DMOS transistor. 13 8 12 5 IN1 Digital Input from the Motor Controller
14,15 13
11, 20 14 GND Common Ground Terminal
GND Common Ground Terminal
6
16,17 15 GND Common Ground Terminal
18 13 16 7 IN2 Digital Input from the Motor Controller 19 14 17 8 BOOT2 A boostrap capacitor connected to this pin ensures efficient
driving ofthe upper POWER DMOS transistor. 20 15 18 9 V
ref
Internal voltage reference. A capacitor from this pin to GND is
recommended. The internal Ref. Voltage can source out a
current of 2mA max.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
V
OD
V
IN,VEN
I
V
sense
V
P
T
stg,Tj
Note 1: Pulse width limitedonly by junction temperature and transient thermal impedance (see thermal characteristics) Note 2:
Power Supply 52 V
s
Differential Output Voltage (between Out1 and Out2) 60 V Input or Enable Voltage – 0.3 to + 7 V Pulsed Output Current for L6201PS/L6202/L6203 (Note 1)
o
– Non Repetitive (< 1 ms) for L6201
for L6201PS/L6202/L6203
DC Output Current for L6201 (Note 1)
5 5
10
1 Sensing Voltage – 1 to + 4 V Boostrap Peak Voltage 60 V
b
Total Power Dissipation:
tot
=90°C for L6201
T
pins
T
case
T
amb
for L6202
=90°C for L6201PS/L6203
=70°C for L6201(Note 2)
for L6202 (Note 2) for L6201PS/L6203 (Note 2)
4
5
20
0.9
1.3
2.3
Storage and Junction Temperature – 40 to + 150 °C
Mountedon board with minimized dissipating copper area.
A A A A
W W W W W W
3/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
THERMAL DATA
– –
13 (*)
Value
12 60
3
35
= 0, unless
sens
Symbol Parameter
Rt
h j-pins
Rt
h j-case
Rt
h j-amb
(*) Mounted on aluminiumsubstrate.
Thermal Resistance Junction-pins max Thermal Resistance Junction Case max. Thermal Resistance Junction-ambient max.
L6201 L6201PS L6202 L6203
15
85
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Refer to the Test Circuits; Tj=25°C, VS= 42V, V otherwise specified).
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
s
V
ref
I
REF
I
s
f
c
T
j
T
d
Supply Voltage 12 36 48 V Reference Voltage I
= 2mA 13.5 V
REF
Output Current 2mA Quiescent Supply Current EN = H VIN=L
EN = H V EN = L ( Fig. 1,2,3)
=H
IN
IL=0
10 10
15 15
8
15 Commutation Frequency(*) 30 100 KHz Thermal Shutdown 150 Dead Time Protection 100 ns
TRANSISTORS
OFF
I
DSS
Leakage Current Fig. 11 Vs=52V 1 mA
ON
R
V
DS(ON)
V
DS
sens
On Resistance Fig. 4,5 0.3 0.55 Drain Source Voltage Fig. 9
I
DS
I
DS
I
DS
=1A = 1.2A =3A
L6201 L6202
L6201PS/0
3
0.3
0.36
0.9
Sensing Voltage – 1 4 V
SOURCEDRAIN DIODE
Unit
°C/W
mA mA mA
°
C
V V V
V
sd
t
rr
t
fr
Forward ON Voltage Fig. 6a and b
Reverse Recovery Time
Forward Recovery Time 200 ns
LOGIC LEVELS
V
IN L,VEN L
V
IN H,VEN H
I
IN L,IEN L
I
IN H,IEN H
4/20
Input Low Voltage – 0.3 0.8 V Input High Voltage 2 7 V Input Low Current VIN,VEN= L –10 Input High Current VIN,VEN=H 30 µA
L6201
=1A
I
SD
= 1.2A L6202 EN = L
I
SD
I
=3A
SD
L dif
=25A/µs
dt
=1A
I
F
= 1.2A
I
F
=3A
I
F
L6201PS/03
EN = L
EN =
L6201 L6202 L6203
0.9 (**)
0.9 (**)
1.35(**)
300 ns
V V V
A
µ
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
ELECTRICALCHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
LOGIC CONTROL TO POWERDRIVETIMING
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
t
) Source Current Turn-off Delay Fig. 12 300 ns
1(Vi
t
) Source Current Fall Time Fig. 12 200 ns
2(Vi
t
) Source Current Turn-on Delay Fig. 12 400 ns
3(Vi
t
) Source Current Rise Time Fig. 12 200 ns
4(Vi
t
) Sink Current Turn-off Delay Fig. 13 300 ns
5(Vi
t
) Sink Current Fall Time Fig. 13 200 ns
6(Vi
t
) Sink Current Turn-on Delay Fig. 13 400 ns
7(Vi
t
) Sink Current Rise Time Fig. 13 200 ns
8(Vi
(*)Limited by power dissipation (**) Insynchronous rectification the drain-source voltagedrop VDS is shown in fig.4 (L6202/03); typicalvalue for the L6201is of0.3V.
Figure 1: Typical NormalizedISvs.T
Figure 3: Typical NormalizedISvs. V
j
Figure2:
TypicalNormalized QuiescentCurrent
vs. Frequency
S
Figure4: TypicalR
DS (ON)
vs. VS~V
ref
5/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
Figure 5: NormalizedR
at 25°Cvs. TemperatureTypical Values
DS (ON)
Figure 6a: TypicalDiodeBehaviour in Synchro-
nous Rectification (L6201)
Figure6b: TypicalDiode Behaviourin Synchro-
nous Rectification (L6201PS/02/03)
Figure 7a: TypicalPowerDissipation vs I
(L6201)
6/20
L
Figure7b:
TypicalPower Dissipation vs I
L
(L6201PS,L6202, L6203))
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
Figure 8a:
Figure 8b:
TwoPhase Chopping
One Phase Chopping
Figure 8c:
IN1 = H IN 2 = H EN = H
EnableChopping
7/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
TEST CIRCUITS Figure 9: SaturationVoltage
Figure 10:
QuiescentCurrent
Figure 11: LeakageCurrent
8/20
Figure 12: SourceCurrent Delay Timesvs. InputChopper
42V for L6201PS/02/03
L6201 - L6202- L6203
Figure 13: SinkCurrent Delay Times vs. InputChopper
42V for L6201PS/02/03
9/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The L6201/1PS/2/3 is a monolithic full bridge switching motor driver realized in the new Mul­tipower-BCD technology which allows the integra­tion of multiple, isolated DMOS power transistors plus mixed CMOS/bipolar control circuits. In this way it has been possible to make all the control inputs TTL, CMOS and µC compatible and elimi­nate the necessity of external MOS drive compo­nents. TheLogicDrive is shownin table 1.
Table 1
Inputs
IN1 IN2
L
=H
V
EN
= L X X All transistors turned oFF
V
EN
L = Low H = High X = DON’tcare (*) Numbers referred to INPUT1 or INPUT2 controlledoutput stages
L H H
L
H
L
H
Output Mosfets (*)
Sink 1, Sink 2 Sink 1, Source 2 Source 1, Sink 2 Source 1, Source 2
Although the device guarantees the absence of cross-conduction,the presenceof the intrinsicdi­odes in the POWER DMOS structure causes the generation of current spikeson thesensing termi­nals. This is due to charge-dischargephenomena in the capacitors C1 & C2 associated with the drain source junctions (fig. 14). When the output switches from high to low, a current spike is gen­erated associated with the capacitor C1. On the low-to-high transitiona spike of the same polarity is generated by C2, preceded by a spike of the opposite polarity due to the charging of the input capacity of the lower POWER DMOS transistor (fig. 15).
Figure 14:
IntrinsicStructuresin the POWER DMOS Transistors
Figure15: CurrentTypicalSpikes on the Sens-
ing Pin
TRANSISTOROPERATION
ON State
When one of the POWER DMOS transistoris ON it can be considered as a resistor R
DS (ON)
throughout the recommendedoperating range. In this conditionthe dissipatedpower is given by:
I
DS
2
(RMS)
The low R
P
ON=RDS (ON)
DS (ON)
of the Multipower-BCD process can provide high currents with low power dissipa­tion.
OFF State
When one of the POWER DMOS transistor is OFF the V age and only the leakage current I
voltage is equal to the supply volt-
DS
DSS
flows. The
powerdissipationduring this period is givenby:
P
OFF=VS⋅IDSS
The power dissipationis very low and is negligible in comparison to that dissipated in the ON STATE.
10/20
Transitions
As already seen above the transistors have an in­trinsic diode between their source and drain that can operate as a fast freewheeling diode in switched mode applications. During recirculation with the ENABLE input high, the voltage drop across the transistor is R
DS (ON)
IDand when it reaches the diode forward voltage it is clamped. When the ENABLE input is low, the POWER MOS is OFF and the diodecarriesall of the recir­culation current. The power dissipated in the tran­sitional times in the cycle depends upon the volt­age-current waveforms and in the driving mode. (see Fig. 7ab and Fig. 8abc).
P
trans.=IDS
(t) VDS(t)
L6201 - L6202- L6203
Boostrap Capacitors
To ensurethat the POWERDMOS transistorsare driven correctly gate to source voltage of typ. 10 V must be guaranteed for all of the N-channel DMOS transistors.This is easy to be provided for the lower POWER DMOS transistors as their sources are refered to ground but a gate voltage greater than the supply voltage is necessary to drive the upper transistors.This is achievedby an internal charge pump circuit that guarantees cor­rect DC drive in combinationwith the boostrap cir­cuit. For efficient charging the value of the boos­trap capacitor should be greater than the input capacitance of the power transistor which is around 1 nF. It is recommended that a capaci­tance of at least 10 nF is used for the bootstrap.If a smallercapacitor is used there is a risk that the POWER transistors will not be fully turned on and they will show a higher RDS (ON). On the other hand if a elevated value is used it is possible that a currentspike may be producedin the sense re­sistor.
Reference Voltage
To by-pass the internal Ref. Volt. circuit it is rec­ommendedthat a capacitorbe placed betweenits pin and ground.A value of 0.22 µF should be suf­ficient for most applications. This pin is also pro­tected against a short circuit to ground: a max. current of 2mA max.can be sinkedout.
Dead Time
To protect the device against simultaneous con­duction in both arms of the bridge resulting in a rail to rail short circuit, the integrated logic control provides a dead time greaterthan 40 ns.
Thermal Protection
A thermal protection circuit has been included that will disable the deviceif the junction tempera­ture reaches150 °C. When the temperature has fallen to a safe level the device restarts the input and enablesignals under control.
APPLICATION INFORMATION Recirculation
During recirculation with the ENABLE input high, the voltage drop across the transistor is RDS (ON)IL, clamped at a voltage depending on the characteristics of the source-drain diode. Al­though the device is protected against cross con­duction, current spikes can appear on the current sense pin due to charge/dischargephenomena in the intrinsic source drain capacitances. In the ap­plication this does not cause any problem be­cause the voltage spike generated on the sense resistoris maskedby thecurrentcontrollercircuit.
Rise Time T
(See Fig. 16)
r
When a diagonal of the bridge is turned on cur­rent begins to flow in the inductive load until the maximum current I The dissipated energy E
E
OFF/ON
Load Time T
LD
is reached after a time Tr.
L
=[R
OFF/ON
is in this case :
2
I
Tr] ⋅ 2/3
L
(See Fig.16)
During this time the energy dissipated is due to the ON resistanceof thetransistors(E to commutation (E DMOStransistorsare ON,E
E
LD=IL
). As two of the POWER
COM
2
R
DS (ON)
is given by :
ON
2 T
LD
LD
) and due
In thecommutationthe energy dissipated is :
E
COM=VS
IL
T
COM
f
SWITCH
T
LD
Where : T
COM=TTURN-ON=TTURN-OFF
f
SWITCH
Fall Time T
= Chopping frequency.
(SeeFig. 16)
f
It is assumed that the energy dissipated in this part of the cycle takes the same form as that shownfor the rise time :
E
ON/OFF
=[R
DS (ON)
I
L
2
Tf] 2/3
Figure 16.
11/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
Quiescent Energy
The last contribution to the energy dissipation is dueto the quiescentsupplycurrentand is givenby:
E
QUIESCENT=IQUIESCENT
Vs⋅ T
Total Energy PerCycle
E
TOT=EOFF/ON+ELD+ECOM
+E
ON/OFF+EQUIESCENT
The TotalPower Dissipation P
P
DIS=ETOT
T
= Rise time
r
T
= Load drive time
LD
T
=Fall time
f
T
= Deadtime
d
DIS
/T
+
is simply :
T = Period T=T
r+TLD+Tf+Td
DC Motor Speed Control
Since theI.C. integratesa full H-Bridge in a single package it is idealy suited for controlling DC mo­tors. When used for DC motor control it performs the power stage required for both speed and di­rection control. The device can be combinedwith a current regulator like the L6506 to implement a transconductance amplifier for speed control, as shown in figure 17. In this particular configuration only half of the L6506 is used and the other half of the device may be used to control a second
motor. The L6506 senses the voltage across the sense
resistor R
to monitor the motor current: it com-
S
pares the sensed voltage both to control the speedand duringthe brakeof the motor.
Betweenthe sense resistor and each sense input of the L6506 a resistor is recommended; if the connections between the outputs of the L6506 and the inputs of the L6203 need a long path, a resistor must be added between each input of the L6203 and ground.
A snubbernetwork made by the series of Rand C must be foreseen very near to the output pins of the I.C.; one diode (BYW98) is connected be­tween each poweroutput pinand groundas well.
The following formulas can be used to calculate the snubber values:
R V
S/lp
C=lp/(dV/dt)where: V
is the maximum Supply Voltage foreseen on
S
the application;
is thepeak of the loadcurrent;
I
p
dv/dt is the limited rise time of the outputvoltage (200V/µsis generallyused).
If the Power Supply Cannot Sink Current, a suit­able large capacitor must be used and connected near the supply pin of the L6203. Sometimes a capacitorat pin 17 of the L6506let the application better work. For motor current up to 2A max., the L6202 can be used in a similar circuit configura­tion for which a typical Supply Voltage of 24V is recommended.
Figure 17:
12/20
BidirectionalDC MotorControl
L6201 - L6202- L6203
BIPOLARSTEPPERMOTORSAPPLICATIONS Bipolar stepper motors can be driven with one
L6506 or L297, two full bridge BCD drivers and very few external components. Together these three chips form a complete microprocessor-to­stepper motor interfaceis realized.
As shown in Fig. 18 and Fig. 19, the controller connect directly to the two bridge BCD drivers. External component are minimalized: an R.C. net­work to set the chopper frequency, a resistive di­vider (R1; R2) to establish the comparator refer­ence voltage and a snubber network made by R and C in series(See DCMotor SpeedControl).
Figure 18: Two Phase BipolarStepper Motor Control Circuit with Chopper Current Control
L6201 L6201PS L6202 L6203
L6201 L6201PS L6202 L6203
Figure19: Two PhaseBipolar StepperMotor Control Circuit with Chopper CurrentControl and Translator
L6201 L6201PS L6202 L6203
L6201 L6201PS L6202 L6203
13/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
It could be requested to drive a motor at VSlower than the minimum recommended one of 12V (See Electrical Characteristics); in this case, by accepting a possible small increas in the R
DS (ON)
resistance of the power output transistors at the lowest Supply Voltage value, may be a good solu­tion the one shownin Fig. 20.
Figure 20: L6201/1P/2/3Used at a Supply Volt-
age RangeBetween 9 and 18V
L6201 L6201PS L6202 L6203
Figure21:
TypicalR
Th J-amb
vs. ”OnBoard”
HeatsinkArea (L6201)
Figure22: TypicalTransientR
Condition(L6201)
in SinglePulse
TH
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Thanks to the high efficiency of this device, often a true heatsink is not needed or it is simply ob­tained by means of a copper side on the P.C.B. (L6201/2). Under heavy conditions, the L6203 needs a suit­able cooling. By using two square copper sidesin a similarway as it shown in Fig. 23, Fig. 21 indicates how to choose the on board heatsink area when the L6201 totalpower dissipationis knownsince:
R
Th j-amb
=(T
j max.–Tamb max
)/P
tot
Figure 22 shows the Transient Thermal Resis­tance vs. a singlepulse time width. Figure 23 and 24 referto the L6202. For the Multiwatt L6203 addition information is given by Figure25 (ThermalResistance Junction­Ambient vs. Total Power Dissipation) and Figure 26 (Peak Transient Thermal Resistance vs. Re­petitive Pulse Width) while Figure 27 refersto the single pulseTransientThermalResistance.
Figurre23:
TypicalR
Th J-amb
vs. Two ”On Board”
SquareHeatsink (L6202)
14/20
L6201 - L6202- L6203
Figure 24
: TypicalTransient Thermal Resistance
for SinglePulses (L6202)
Figure 26: TypicalTransientThermal Resistance
for SinglePulses with and without Heatsink(L6203)
Figure25: TypicalR
Packagevs. Total PowerDissipation
Figure27:
TypicalTransientThermal Resistance
versusPulse Width and Duty Cycle (L6203)
Th J-amb
of Multiwatt
15/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
POWERDIP18PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
DIM.
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.
a1 0.51 0.020
B 0.85 1.40 0.033 0.055 b 0.50 0.020
b1 0.38 0.50 0.015 0.020
D 24.80 0.976 E 8.80 0.346 e 2.54 0.100
e3 20.32 0.800
F 7.10 0.280
I 5.10 0.201 L 3.30 0.130 Z 2.54 0.100
mm inch
16/20
SO20 PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
L6201 - L6202- L6203
DIM.
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.
A 2.65 0.104
a1 0.1 0.3 0.004 0.012 a2 2.45 0.096
b 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019
b1 0.23 0.32 0.009 0.013
C 0.5 0.020
c1 45 (typ.)
D 12.6 13.0 0.496 0.512 E 10 10.65 0.394 0.419 e 1.27 0.050
e3 11.43 0.450
F 7.4 7.6 0.291 0.299 L 0.5 1.27 0.020 0.050
M 0.75 0.030
S 8 (max.)
mm inch
17/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
PowerSO20PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
DIM.
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.
mm inch
A 3.60 0.1417
a1 0.10 0.30 0.0039 0.0118 a2 3.30 0.1299 a3 0 0.10 0 0.0039
b 0.40 0.53 0.0157 0.0209 c 0.23 0.32 0.009 0.0126
D (1) 15.80 16.00 0.6220 0.6299
E 13.90 14.50 0.5472 0.570 e 1.27 0.050
e3 11.43 0.450
E1 (1) 10.90 11.10 0.4291 0.437
E2 2.90 0.1141
G 0 0.10 0 0.0039
h 1.10 L 0.80 1.10 0.0314 0.0433
N10
S8
(max.)
°
(max.)
°
T 10.0 0.3937
(1) ”D and E1”do not include mold flashor protrusions
- Moldflashor protrusions shall not exceed 0.15mm(0.006”)
E2
hx45°
NN
a2
A
b
DETAILA
e3
e
DETAILB
R
D
1120
E1
T
110
PSO20MEC
lead
a3
Gage Plane
E
DETAILB
0.35
S
a1
L
c
DETAILA
slug
-C-
SEATING PLANE
GC
(COPLANARITY)
18/20
MULTIWATT11 PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
L6201 - L6202- L6203
DIM.
A 5 0.197 B 2.65 0.104
C 1.6 0.063 D 1 0.039
E 0.49 0.55 0.019 0.022 F 0.88 0.95 0.035 0.037
G 1.57 1.7 1.83 0.062 0.067 0.072 G1 16.87 17 17.13 0.664 0.669 0.674 H1 19.6 0.772 H2 20.2 0.795
L 21.5 22.3 0.846 0.878 L1 21.4 22.2 0.843 0.874 L2 17.4 18.1 0.685 0.713 L3 17.25 17.5 17.75 0.679 0.689 0.699 L4 10.3 10.7 10.9 0.406 0.421 0.429 L7 2.65 2.9 0.104 0.114
M 4.1 4.3 4.5 0.161 0.169 0.177
M1 4.88 5.08 5.3 0.192 0.200 0.209
S 1.9 2.6 0.075 0.102 S1 1.9 2.6 0.075 0.102
Dia1 3.65 3.85 0.144 0.152
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.
mm inch
19/20
L6201 - L6202 - L6203
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights ofthird partieswhich may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patentrights of SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics. Specification mentioned in this publication are subject to change withoutnotice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. SGS­THOMSON Microelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics.
1997SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics– PrintedinItaly – AllRightsReserved
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