ST TL431, TL432 User Manual

TL431

TL432

Programmable voltage reference

Features

■Adjustable output voltage: 2.5 to 36 V

■Sink current capability: 1 to 100 mA

■Typical output impedance: 0.22 Ω

■1% and 2% voltage precision

■Automotive temp. range - 40 °C to +125 °C

Applications

■Power supply

■Industrial

■Automotive

Description

The TL431 and TL432 are programmable shunt voltage references with guaranteed temperature stability over the entire operating temperature range. The device temperature range is extended for the automotive version from -40 °C up to +125 °C. The output voltage can be set to any value between 2.5 and 36 V with two external resistors. The TL431 and TL432 operate with a wide current range from 1 to 100 mA with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 Ω.

	Z	L
	TO-92
		SOT23-3
	(Plastic package)

L	C
SOT23-5	SOT323-6

SO-8

(Batwing plastic micropackage)

November 2011

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www.st.com

Contents	TL431, TL432

Contents

1	Schematic diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		. 3
2	Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . .		4
3	Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5
	3.1	Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . .	7
4	Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		11
	4.1	SO-8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	12
	4.2	TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information . . . . . . . . . . .	13
	4.3	TO-92 (bulk) package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	14
	4.4	SOT23-3 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	15
	4.5	SOT23-5 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	16
	4.6	SOT323-6 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	17
5	Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		18
6	Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		20

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TL431, TL432	Schematic diagrams

1 Schematic diagrams

Figure 1. TO-92 pin connections (top view)

Figure 2. SO-8 batwing pin connections (top view)

	SO8
Cathode 1	8	Ref
Anode 2	7	Anode
3	6
NC 4	5	NC

Figure 3. SOT23-5 and SOT23-3 pin connections (top view)

NC		SOT23-5		Anode
		SOT23-5


	1		5
	1		5
NC

	2
	2
Cathode				Ref
	3		4			TL432
	3		4


		TL431			TL431

Figure 4. SOT323-6 pin connections (top view)

Figure 5. TL431 and TL432 block diagram

Cathode

Ref

Vref

Anode

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Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions	TL431, TL432

2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions

Table 1.	Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol	Parameter	Value	Unit

VKA	Cathode to anode voltage	37	V
Ik	Continuous cathode current range	-100 to +150	mA
Iref	Reference input current range	-0.05 to +10	mA
	Thermal resistance junction to ambient(1)
	TO-92	200
Rthja	SO-8 batwing	85	°C/W
Rthja	SOT23-3L	248	°C/W
	SOT23-5L	157
	SOT323-6L	221

	Thermal resistance junction to case (1)
	SO-8 batwing	30
Rthjc	SOT23-3L	136	°C/W
	SOT23-5L	67
	SOT323-6L	110

Tstg	Storage temperature range	-65 to +150	°C
TJ	Junction temperature	150	°C
	TL431IY, TL431AIY-T: HBM (human body model) (2)	3000
ESD	TL431-TL432: HBM (human body model)	2000	V
ESD	MM: machine model (3)	200	V
	MM: machine model (3)	200
	CDM: charged device model (4)	1500

1.Short-circuits can cause excessive heating. These values are typical.

2.Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.

3.Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω). This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.

4.Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.

Table 2.	Operating conditions
Symbol	Parameter	Value	Unit

VKA	Cathode to anode voltage	Vref to 36	V
Ik	Cathode current	1 to 100	mA
	Operating free-air temperature range
Toper	TL431C/AC	0 to +70
Toper	TL431I/AI - TL432I/AI	-40 to +105	°C
	TL431I/AI - TL432I/AI	-40 to +105	°C
	TL431IY/AIY	-40 to +125

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TL431, TL432	Electrical characteristics

3	Electrical characteristics
Table 3.	TL431C: 0° C to 70° C (Tamb = 25° C unless otherwise specified)
Symbol				Parameter		TL431C					TL431AC			Unit

					Min.		Typ.	Max.		Min.		Typ.	Max.
					Min.		Typ.	Max.		Min.		Typ.	Max.

	Reference input voltage
Vref	V	KA	= V , I	= 10 mA, T = 25° C	2.44		2.495		2.55	2.47		2.495	2.52	V
		KA	ref k	amb
	Tmin		≤ Tamb	≤ Tmax	2.423				2.567	2.453			2.537
	Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
Vref	range (1)						3		17			3	15	mV
	VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax						3		17			3	15
	Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
Vref	in cathode to anode voltage													mV/V
------------	Ik = 10 mA - VKA = 10 V to Vref													mV/V
Vka	Ik = 10 mA - VKA = 10 V to Vref				-2.7		-1.4			-2.7		-1.4
	VKA = 36 V to 10 V				-2		-1			-2		-1
	Reference input current
Iref	Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞													µA
Iref	Tamb = 25° C						1.8		4			1.8	4	µA
	Tmin		≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax						5.2				5.2
	Reference input current deviation over temperature
Iref	range													µA
Iref	Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =∞													µA
	Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax						0.4		1.2			0.4	1.2
Imin	Minimum cathode current for regulation													mA
Imin	VKA = Vref						0.5		1			0.5	0.6	mA
	VKA = Vref						0.5		1			0.5	0.6
Ioff	Off-state cathode current						2.6		1000			2.6	1000	nA
ZKA	Dynamic impedance (2)													Ω
ZKA	VKA = Vref,			Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f ≤ 1 kHZ			0.22		0.5			0.22	0.5	Ω
	VKA = Vref,			Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f ≤ 1 kHZ			0.22		0.5			0.22	0.5

1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range.

2. The dynamic impedance is defined as \|ZKA\|=	VKA
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as \|ZKA\|=	---------------
	Ik

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Electrical characteristics

TL431, TL432

Table 4.

TL431I/TL432I: -40° C to 105° C, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)

Symbol

Parameter

TL431I/TL432I

TL431AI/TL432AI

Unit

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Reference input voltage

Vref

= V , I

= 10 mA, T

amb

= 25° C

2.44

2.495

2.55

2.47

2.495

2.52

ref

Tmin

≤ Tamb

≤ Tmax

2.41

2.58

2.44

2.55

Reference input voltage deviation over temperature

Vref

range (1)

VKA = Vref, Ik =10 mA, Tmin≤ Tamb≤

Tmax

Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change

Vref

in cathode to anode voltage

------------

Ik = 10 mA,

VKA = 10 V to Vref

-2.7

-1.4

-2.7

-1.4

mV/V

Vka

VKA = 36 V to 10 V

-2

-1

-2

-1

Reference input current

Iref

Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞

Tamb = 25° C

1.8

µA

Tmin

≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax

6.5

Reference input current deviation over temperature

Iref

range

Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞

0.8

2.5

0.8

1.2

µA

Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax

Imin

Minimum cathode current for regulation

0.5

0.7

VKA = Vref

Ioff

Off-state cathode current

2.6

1000

2.6

1000

ZKA

Dynamic impedance (2)

0.22

0.5

0.22

0.5

VKA = Vref,

Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f ≤ 1 kHZ

1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below.

2. The dynamic impedance is defined as \|ZKA\|=	VKA
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as \|ZKA\|=	---------------
	Ik

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TL431, TL432

Electrical characteristics

Table 5.

TL431IY: -40° C to 125° C, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)

Symbol

Parameter

TL431IY

TL431AIY

Unit

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Reference input voltage

Vref

= V

, I

= 10 mA

2.44

2.495

2.55

2.47

2.495

2.52

ref

Tmin

≤ Tamb

≤ Tmax

2.41

2.58

2.44

2.55

Reference input voltage deviation over temperature

Vref

range (1)

≤ T

= V

, I

= 10 mA, T

ref

min

amb

max

Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change

Vref

in cathode to anode voltage

------------

Ik = 10 mA,

VKA = 10 V to Vref

-2.7

-1.4

-2.7

-1.4

mV/V

Vka

Ik = 10 mA,

VKA = 36 V to 10 V

-2

-1

-2

-1

Reference input current

Iref

Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞

1.8

µA

Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax

6.5

Reference input current deviation over temperature

Iref

range

Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤

0.8

2.5

0.8

1.2

µA

Tmax

Imin

Minimum cathode current for regulation

0.5

0.6

VKA

= Vref

Ioff

Off-state cathode current

2.6

1000

2.6

1000

Tmin

≤ Tamb

≤ Tmax

3000

ZKA

Dynamic impedance (2)

0.22

0.5

0.22

0.5

VKA = Vref, Ik = 1 to 100 mA, F ≤

1 kHz

1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below.

2. The dynamic impedance is defined as \|ZKA\|=	VKA
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as \|ZKA\|=	---------------
	Ik

3.1Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range

Vref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range.

Vref = Vref max - Vref min

Figure 6. Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range

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