
Cath ode
Anode
Reference
123
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TL431
PROGRAMMABLE VOLTAGE REFERENCE
■ ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE :
2.5 to 36V
■ SINK CURRENT CAPABILITY : 1 to 100mA
■ TYPICAL OUTPUT IMPEDANCE : 0.22Ω
■ 1% AND 2% VOLTAGE PRECISION
DESCRIPTION
The TL431 is a programmable shunt voltage
reference with guaranteed temperature stability
over the entire temperature range of operation.
The output voltage may be set to any value
between 2.5V and 36V with two external resistors.
The TL431 operates with a wide current range
from 1 to 100mA with a typical dynamic
impedance of 0.22Ω.
ORDER CODE
Part
Number
TL431C/AC 0°C, +70°C
TL431I/AI -40°C, +105°C
Z = TO92 Plastic package - also available in Bulk (Z), Tape & Reel (ZT)
and Ammo Pack (AP)
D = Small Outline Package (SO) - also available in Tape & Reel (DT)
Temperature
Range
Package
ZD
••
••
Z
TO92
(Plastic Package)
D
SO8
(Batwing Plastic Micropackage)
PIN CONNECTIONS (top view)
March 2002
TO92
(Top view)
SO8
(Top view)
8765
1234
1- Cathode
2- Anode
23- Anode.
4- N.C.
5- N.C.
6- Anode
7- Anode.
8- Reference
1/10

TL431
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
T
1. Pd is calculated with T
OPERATING CONDITIONS
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
T
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
T
amb
Symbol Parameter
V
∆
Vref
∆
------------
Vka
∆
I
∆
I
I
Z
Cathode to Anode Voltage 37 V
KA
I
Continuous Cathode Current Range -100 to +150 mA
k
I
Reference Input Current Range -0.05 to +10 mA
ref
Power Dissipation 1) TO92
p
d
Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C
stg
= +25°C, Tj = +150°C and R
amb
Cathode to Anode Voltage
KA
I
Cathode Current 1 to 100 mA
k
Operating Free-air Temperature Range TL431C/AC
oper
TL431I/AI
SO8 batwing
= 200°C/W for TO92 package
thja
= 130°C/W for SO8 batwing package
625
960
V
to 36
ref
0 to +70
-40 to +105
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
TL431C TL431AC
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Reference Input Voltage
= V
ref
V
KA
, Ik = 10 mA T
ref
T
Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over-
V
Temperature Range - note 1
ref
= Vref, Ik = 10 mA,T
V
KA
Ratio of Change in Reference Input
Voltage to Change in Cathode to Anode
Voltage - (figure 2)
Ik = 10mA ∆V
∆VKA = 36V to 10V
Reference Input Current
Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 =
ref
T
T
Reference Input Current Deviation
Over Temperature Range
I
ref
Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 =
Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation
min
off
KA
= V
V
KA
ref
Off-State Cathode Current 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 nA
Dynamic Impedance - note 2
= V
V
KA
,∆ Ik = 1 to100mA, f ≤1kHZ
ref
= 25°C
amb
T
≤
min
amb
T
≤
min
amb
= 10V to Vref
KA
∞
= 25°C
amb
T
≤
min
amb
∞
T
T
≤
min
amb
≤ T
≤ T
≤
≤ T
2.44
2.423
max
max
T
max
max
2.495 2.55
2.567
2.47
2.453
2.495 2.52
3 17 3 15 mV
-1.4
-1
1.8 4
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
1.8 4
5.2
0.4 1.2 0.4 1.2
0.5 1 0.5 0.6 mA
0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5
2.537
-2.7
-2
5.2
mW
V
°C
Unit
V
mV/V
A
µ
A
µ
Ω
1) ∆V
is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range.
ref
∆V
= V
ref
2) The dynamic Impedance is definied as ZKA =
ref max.
- V
ref min.
V
ref max.
V
ref min.
∆VKA
--------- ------- -
∆IK
T1
T2
Temperature
2/10

TL431
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
T
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
Symbol Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Reference Input Voltage
V
= V
V
ref
KA
T
, Ik = 10 mA T
ref
min
amb
≤
T
= 25°C
≤ T
amb
max
2.44
2.41
Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over-
V
∆
∆
------------
∆
Temperature Range - note 1
ref
Vref
Vka
= V
V
KA
, Ik =10 mA,T
ref
min≤Tamb
Ratio of Change in Reference Input
Voltage to Change in Cathode to Anode
Voltage
Ik = 10mA ∆V
≤
= 10V to V
KA
T
max
ref
∆VKA = 36V to 10V
Reference Input Current
Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 =
I
ref
T
T
min
amb
≤
T
∞
= 25°C
T
≤
amb
max
Reference Input Current Deviation
Over Temperature Range
ref
I
1) ∆V
∆V
∆
Z
ref
Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 =
Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation
I
min
I
off Off-State Cathode Current 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 nA
KA
is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range.
ref
= V
= V
V
KA
ref
Dynamic Impedance note 2
= V
V
ref max.
KA
,∆ Ik = 1 to100mA, f ≤1kHZ
ref
- V
ref min.
∞
T
T
min
≤ T
≤
amb
max
TL431I TL431AI
2.495 2.55
2.58
2.47
2.44
2.495 2.52
2.55
7 30 7 30 mV
-1.4
-1
1.8 4
-2.7
-2
6.5
-1.4
-1
1.8 4
-2.7
-2
6.5
0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2
0.5 1 0.5 0.7 mA
0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5
Unit
V
mV/V
A
µ
A
µ
Ω
2) The dynamic Impedance is definied as ZKA =
V
ref max.
V
ref min.
∆VKA
--------- ------- -
∆IK
T1
T2
Temperature
3/10