continue operating driver channels that are
functioning normally, while avoiding excessive
power consumption or associated thermal issues.
The control technique is able to maintain the
efficiency close to 87% at medium load and
higher than 85% at light or full load. The device
also includes soft-start control, inrush current
limit, thermal shutdown and inductor peak current
limit. The STLED25 is packaged in a 12-bump
CSP (1.4 x 1.8 mm, 0.5 mm height).
The STLED25 is a fixed frequency, high efficiency,
boost DC-DC converter with five parallel high side
current sources. It is capable of providing 125 mA
of total current with a maximum voltage of 7.5 V
on each channel. Each current source supports
single or dual LED connection. The output voltage
of the step-up converter is automatically set at
100 mV above the highest voltage required on
any driver, to guarantee proper operation of the
linear current sources. The device implements a
self-test feature to detect failure of any of the
LEDs and to disable the related channel. The
failure status is reset as soon the IC is disabled.
This mode of failure detection allows the device to
Table 1.Device summary
Order codePackagePackaging
STLED25JRFlip-Chip12Tape and reel
May 2012Doc ID 022323 Rev 31/30
This is information on a product in full production.
Figure 16. Startup waveformFigure 17. Line transient response
Figure 18. Line transient response
16/30Doc ID 022323 Rev 3
STLED25Detailed description
6 Detailed description
The STLED25 is a high efficiency white LED power supply which integrates a step-up
converter and 5 high-side current sources. The device is controlled by two enable inputs
called EN13 and EN45 according to the labels of the LED channels. EN13 enables LED
channels 1, 2, 3 and EN45 enables LED channels 4, 5. The device is protected against
shorted LED channels by short LED protection and against open LED channels by open
LED protection. The device is able to recognize which channel has failed, and switch off this
channel to maintain correct operation of the remaining channels. The STLED25 device is
125 mA total output current capable and works over a battery voltage range of 2.3 V to 5.5
V. The typical output voltage during operation corresponds to the voltage level equal to
V
+ 125 mV. The STLED25 device has an optimized switching power bridge to reach a
FLED
high level of application efficiency (86%) with the typical battery voltage of 3.7 V. The device
is also able to work at high efficiency when not all the LED channels of the device are used.
6.1 Boost DC-DC converter operation
The step-up bridge with current mode control of the regulation regulates the output voltage
level according to the LED channel with the highest V
voltage headroom for the related current sources. The typical headroom of the current
sources is in the range of 135 mV. The STLED25 contains a current limiter, with a typical
value 600 mA, and soft-start control to limit the supply current from the battery. The method
of regulation during startup and normal operation is explained in
, in order to maintain sufficient
FLED
Section 6.4
.
6.2 Current setting
Each LED channel regulates to the same current. The value of the LED current is set by
choosing the R
resistor. The current flowing through this resistor is mirrored in order to
SET
obtain the LED current. The multiplication factor is 390.
The LED current is calculated with the following formula:
Equation 1
where:
V
= 1.28 V typical
SET
6.3 EN13 and EN45
EN13 and EN45 play the dual role of enable pin and PWM dimming. EN13 drives strings
D1, D2, D3 while EN45 drives D4 and D5. Both EN13 and EN45 are pulled down internally
by 100 k resistors.
The EN pins accept a signal between 100 Hz and 800 Hz, at duty cycles from 0.39% to
100%. The output average current maximum error is 10% at 0.39%, PWM duty cycle at 300
Hz.
I
LED
V
SET
×=
390
R
SET
Doc ID 022323 Rev 317/30
Detailed descriptionSTLED25
6.4 Modes of operation
Shutdown mode
The device is in shutdown with minimum current consumption. It goes to PWM_start as
soon as EN13 or EN45 are pulled high.
PWM_start
Once ENxx is asserted, the DC-DC is turned ON with a soft-start procedure until V
OUT
reaches 7 V; this phase takes around 1.2 ms.
If ENxx remains asserted, the device will stay in this condition and wait for 10 ms
(PWM_start_up), then the STLED25 goes to PWM_normal mode. If the next EN is asserted
during the PWM_start_up mode, the device will immediately enable the LED current
sources and continue in PWM_normal mode.
PWM_normal
In this mode of operation the drivers are in the ON state delivering current to the LEDs, and
the DC-DC converter maintains the V
value with enough headroom to keep the high side
OUT
current sources in regulation.
When both EN pins are low, the drivers are turned off and the RUN_HOLD timer starts.
RUN_hold
The RUN_hold time lasts approximately 30 ms. During this time, the DC-DC converter
maintains the last optimum voltage on V
. If RUN_hold time elapses without EN
OUT
reassertion, then the STLED25 goes into shutdown mode. If EN is reasserted, the device
goes to PWM_normaL mode.
Figure 19. Modes of operation
18/30Doc ID 022323 Rev 3
STLED25Detailed description
6.5 Undervoltage lockout
The undervoltage lockout function prevents improper operation of the STLED25 when the
input voltage is not high enough. When the input voltage is below the UVLO threshold, the
device is in shutdown mode. The hysteresis of 100 mV prevents unstable operation when
the input voltage is close to the UVLO threshold.
6.6 Overtemperature protection
An internal temperature sensor continuously monitors the IC junction temperature. If the IC
temperature exceeds 150 °C (typical), the device stops operating. As soon as the
temperature falls below 135 °C (typical), normal operation is restored.
6.7 Open LED protection
The device is able to detect an “Open LED” failure in each LED channel independently.
When this failure appears, the DC-DC increases the output voltage to maintain the current
source headroom voltage until the OVP threshold is reached; the device detects which LED
channel is the root cause and switches off this LED channel. This state is maintained until
the STLED25 goes into shutdown mode.
6.8 Overvoltage protection
The device has overvoltage protection on the V
components against the high voltage coming from the DC-DC, in case of a disconnected
load. When the output voltage level reaches the OVP threshold (9.3 V typical), the DC-DC is
turned off until the output voltage level goes below the OVP threshold. The hysteresis of the
OVP threshold is approximately 250 mV.
6.9 Short LED protection
The device is able to detect a shorted LED in each LED channel independently; when the
protection detects a failure on any of the LED channels, it switches off this channel until the
STLED25 enters shutdown mode.
pin to protect the device and external
OUT
Doc ID 022323 Rev 319/30
Application informationSTLED25
7 Application information
7.1 External passive components
7.1.1 Inductor selection
The inductor is the key passive component for switching converters.
For the STLED25, an inductance of 4.7 µH is recommended. It is very important to select
the right inductor according to the maximum current the inductor can handle to avoid
saturation. The peak current for the step-up can be calculated with the following formula:
Equation 2
×
IV
OUTOUT
MIN
+
OUT
I
−
BOOSTPEAK
=
×η
VIN
−×
MINOUTMIN
×××
LfsV2
where:
V
: step-up output voltage. The boost control loop keeps it 135 mV higher than the
OUT
maximum among VD1-D5
I
: total output current
OUT
V
: input voltage of STLED25
IN
fs: switching frequency. Use the minimum value of 2.25 MHz for the worst case
η: efficiency of step-up converter. It is 0.87 at 75 mA load
Table 7.List of recommended inductors
ManufacturerPart number
SamsungCIG21K4R7SCE4.70.60805
MurataLQM21PN4R74.70.60805
Inductance
[µH]
Saturation current [A]Size [mm]
7.1.2 Input and output capacitor selection
It is recommended to use ceramic capacitors with low ESR as input and output capacitors in
order to filter any disturbance present in the input line and to maintain stable operation of the
step-up converter. A minimum real capacitance value of 1 µF must be guaranteed for C
and 4.2 µF C
in all conditions.
OUT
)VINV(VIN
IN
20/30Doc ID 022323 Rev 3
STLED25Application information
Table 8.Input and output capacitor
ManufacturerPart number
C
IN
MurataGRM155R60J155M1.56.30402
SamsungCL05A225MQ5NSKC2.26.30402
C
OUT
MurataGRM219R61A106ME4710100805
Nominal
capacitance [µF]
Rated voltage [V]TCCSize [mm]
7.2 Recommended PCB layout
The STLED25 is a high-frequency power switching device, so it requires a proper PCB
layout in order to obtain the necessary stability and optimize line/load regulation and output
voltage ripple. Input and output capacitors must be as close as possible to their relative pins.
Figure 20. Top layer
Doc ID 022323 Rev 321/30
Application informationSTLED25
Figure 21. Mid layer 1
Figure 22. Mid layer 2
22/30Doc ID 022323 Rev 3
STLED25Application information
Figure 23. Bottom layer
Figure 24. Top overlay
Doc ID 022323 Rev 323/30
Application informationSTLED25
Figure 25. Photo of the application board
24/30Doc ID 022323 Rev 3
STLED25Package mechanical data
8 Package mechanical data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at:
ECOPACK
®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
®
is an ST trademark.
www.st.com
.
Doc ID 022323 Rev 325/30
Package mechanical dataSTLED25
Flip-chip 12 mechanical data
mm.
Dim.
Min.Typ.Max.
A0.450.500.55
A10.170.200.23
A20.280.300.32
b0.220.260.30
D1.8151.8451.875
D11.20
E1.3581.3881.418
E10.80
e0.360.400.44
fD0.3130.3230.333
fE0.2840.2940.304
ccc0.05
26/30Doc ID 022323 Rev 3
8116384-D
STLED25Package mechanical data
Tape & reel Flip-Chip 12 mechanical data
mm.inch.
Dim.
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
A1807.087
C12.813.20.5040.520
D20.20.795
N602.362
T14.40.567
Ao1.461.511.560.0570.0590.061
Bo1.891.941.990.0740.0760.078
Ko0.540.590.640.0210.0230.025
Po3.94.10.1540.161
P3.94.10.1540.161
Doc ID 022323 Rev 327/30
Package mechanical dataSTLED25
Figure 26. Footprint recommended data (mm.)
28/30Doc ID 022323 Rev 3
STLED25Revision history
9 Revision history
Table 9.Document revision history
DateRevisionChanges
10-Oct-20111Initial release.
13-Dec-20112
11-May-20123Document status promoted from preliminary data to production data.
Modified: C
page 21
OUT
.
part number
Table 2 on page 4
and
Table 8 on
Doc ID 022323 Rev 329/30
STLED25
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