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SPV1040
User Manual
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ST SPV1040 User Manual

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High efficiency solar battery charger with embedded MPPT
TSSOP8
Features
■ 0.3 V to 5.5 V operating input voltage
■ 120 mΩ internal power active switch
■ 100 kHz fixed PWM frequency
■ Duty cycle controlled by MPPT algorithm
■ Output voltage regulation, overcurrent and
overtemperature protection
■ Input source reverse polarity protection
■ Built-in soft-start
■ Up to 95% efficiency
■ 3 mm x 4.4 mm TSSOP8 package
Applications
■ Smart phones and GPS systems
■ Wireless headsets
■ Small appliances, sensors
■ Portable media players
■ Digital still cameras
■ Toys and portable healthcare
Description
The SPV1040 device is a low power, low voltage, monolithic step-up converter with an input voltage range from 0.3 V to 5.5 V, and is capable of maximizing the energy generated by even a single solar cell (or fuel cell), where low input voltage handling capability is extremely important.
SPV1040
Datasheet — production data
a resistor divider. The maximum output current is set with a current sense resistor according to charging current requirements.
The SPV1040 protects itself and other application devices by stopping the PWM switching if either the maximum current threshold (up to 1.8 A) is reached or the maximum temperature limit (up to 155 °C) is exceeded.
An additional built-in feature of the SPV1040 is the input source reverse polarity protection, which prevents damage in case of reverse connection of the solar panel at the input.

Table 1. Device summary

Order code Package Packaging
SPV1040T
TSSOP8
SPV1040TTR Tape and reel
Tube
Thanks to the embedded MPPT algorithm, even under varying environmental conditions (such as irradiation, dirt, temperature) the SPV1040 offers maximum efficiency in terms of power harvested from the cells and transferred to the output.
The device employs an input voltage regulation loop, which fixes the charging battery voltage via
July 2012 Doc ID 18080 Rev 4 1/15
This is information on a product in full production.
www.st.com
15
Contents SPV1040
Contents
1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5 Typical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6 Detailed description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.1 Soft-start mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.2 Startup mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.3 MPPT mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.4 Constant voltage regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.5 Constant current regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.6 Overcurrent protection (OVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.7 Overtemperature protection (OVT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.8 Shutdown mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.9 Undervoltage lockout (UVLO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.10 Reverse polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.11 Burst mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.12 Sleep-IN mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7 ECOPACK
® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2/15 Doc ID 18080 Rev 4
SPV1040 Block diagram
AM02612v1
Lx
XSHUT
GND
MPP-SET
VOUT
ICTRL_PLUS
VCTRL
ICTRL_MINUS
R
S
V
PV
L
R
1
R
2
C
IN
C
OUT
V
BATT
R
F1
R
F2
C
F

1 Block diagram

Figure 1. Block diagram

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Figure 2. Simplified application circuit

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For setting up the application and simulating the related test results please go to www.st.com/edesignstudio
Doc ID 18080 Rev 4 3/15
Pin description SPV1040
VCTRL
GND
LX
VOUT
XSHUTMPP-SET 8
7
ICTRL_PLUS
1
2
6
3
4
5
ICTRL_MINUS
AM02613v1

2 Pin description

Table 2. Pin description

Pin Name Type Description
1 MPP-SET I
Non-inverting input to sense the PV cell voltage. It cannot be left floating.
2 GND Ground Power ground reference.
Shutdown input pin:
8 XSHUT I
XSHUT = LOW: device in Power Off mode XSHUT = HIGH: device enabled for Operating mode
This pin cannot be left floating.
3 LX I Booster inductor connection.
7 ICTRL_PLUS I
6 ICTRL_MINUS I
5 VCTRL I
Non-inverting input of constant current control loop. It cannot be left floating.
Inverting input of constant current control loop. It cannot be left floating.
Non-inverting input of constant voltage control loop. It cannot be left floating.
4 VOUT O Booster output voltage.

Figure 3. Pin connection (top view)

4/15 Doc ID 18080 Rev 4
SPV1040 Maximum ratings

3 Maximum ratings

3.1 Absolute maximum ratings

Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings

Symbol Parameter Range [min, max] Unit
MPP-SET Analog input [-5.5, VOUT] V
GND Ground 0 V
XSHUT Analog input [-5.5, VOUT] V
LX Analog input [-5.5, VOUT] V
ICTRL_PLUS Analog input [-0.3, VOUT] V
ICTRL_MINUS Analog input [-0.3, VOUT] V
VCTRL Analog input [-0.3, VOUT] V
VOUT Analog output [-0.3, 5.5] V

3.2 Thermal data

Table 4. TSSOP8 thermal data

Symbol Parameter Value Unit
Note: R
R
th j-amb
Tj
op
Tstg Storage temperature -40 to 150 °C
was measured on a 2-layer PCB: FR4, 35 µm Cu thickness, 2.8 cm
thJA
Thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient 135 °C/W
Junction operating temperature -40 to 125 °C
2
Doc ID 18080 Rev 4 5/15
Electrical characteristics SPV1040

4 Electrical characteristics

VMPP-SET = 0.5 V, V
CTRL
= I
ctrl+
= I
= GND, XSHUT = 0.5 V, TJ = -40 °C to 125 °C,
ctrl-
unless otherwise specified.

Table 5. Electrical characteristics

Symbol Parameter Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Input source section
V
MPP-SET
I
q
I
SD
I
rev
V
UVLO
Power section
Low boost voltage threshold
Quiescent current I
Shutdown current
Reverse input source current
Undervoltage lockout threshold for turn ON @V
OUT
= 3.3V
Undervoltage lockout threshold for turn OFF
OUT
= 3.3V
@V
= 3.3V 0.4 0.45 0.50 V
V
OUT
=0mA, V
LOAD
= 3.3V, V
V
OUT
= 0mA, XSHUT = GND
I
LOAD
V
MPP-SET
V
MPP-SET
V
MPP-SET
=-4V, V
increasing 0.27 0.34 V
decreasing 0.14 0.24 V
=2V, V
CTRL
=2V,
CTRL
= 1.5V 1 5 μA
OUT
=3.3V, 60 80 μA
OUT
0.7 5 μA
R
DS_ON-N
N-channel power switch ON resistance
P-channel
R
DS_ON-P
synchronous rectifier ON resistance
Control section
V
MPPT-THR
V
OUT
P
OUT
I
Lx
F
PWM
V
REF
V
Ictrl
MPPT-mode threshold Vout increasing, V
Output voltage range V
Maximum output
(2)
power
Maximum inductor current peak
PWM signal frequency 70 100 130 kHz
Internal V reference voltage
Sensing current offset I
XSHUT logic LOW XSHUT increasing 0.27 0.34 V
XSHUT
XSHUT logic HIGH XSHUT decreasing 0.14 0.24 V
Thermal shutdown
CTRL
=2V 140 mΩ
V
CTRL
= 1.5V 1.7 1.8 2 V
MPP-SET
V
MPP-SET
MPP-SET
≥ 1.5V 2 5.2
≥ 1.5V 3 W
1.5 1.65 1.8 A
V
OUT
CTRL
≥ 1.8V, V
+ - I
CTRL
increasing 1.2 1.25 1.3 V
CTRL
- decreasing 40 50 60 mV
120 mΩ
(1)
V
6/15 Doc ID 18080 Rev 4
SPV1040 Electrical characteristics
P
D
TjT
a
–
R
thJA
------------- ----
≤ 295mW=
Table 5. Electrical characteristics (continued)
Symbol Parameter Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Overtemperature threshold for turn OFF
T
shutdown
Overtemperature threshold for turn ON
1. In order to increase the Vout as much as possible up to 5.2 V a Schottky diode must be placed between the Lx and Vout pins, as shown in Figure 2.
2. Given T
Therefore, if in the worst case the efficiency is assumed to be 90%, then P
= Ta + R
j
Tjmax must be is given by:
x PD, and assuming R
thJA
≤ 125 °C, and that in the worst conditions T
Temperature increasing 155 °C
Temperature decreasing 130 °C
= 135°C/W, and that in order to avoid device destruction
thJA
= 85 °C, the power dissipated inside the device
A
IN-MAX
= 3.3 W and P
OUT-MAX
= 3 W.
Doc ID 18080 Rev 4 7/15
Typical characteristics SPV1040
Pin = 0.25 W Pin = 0.5 W Pin = 1.0 W
Pin = 1.5 W
Pin = 2.0 W
P
out/Pin
90
85
80
75
3
4
V
out
(V)
(%)
3.5
4.5
95
AM14860v1
Pin = 0.25 W Pin = 0.5 W Pin = 1.0 W
Pin = 1.5 W
Pin = 2.0 W
Pin/Pmax
91
89
87
85
3
4
V
out(V)
(%)
3.5
4.5
93
95
97
AM14861v1
Pin = 0.25 W Pin = 0.5 W Pin = 1.0 W
Pin = 1.5 W
Pin = 2.0 W Pin = 2.5 W
P
out/Pin
86
84
82
80
3
4
V
out
(V)
(%)
3.5
4.5
88
90
92
94
96
98
AM14862v1
Pin = 0.25 W Pin = 0.5 W Pin = 1.0 W
Pin = 1.5 W
Pin = 2.0 W Pin = 2.5 W
Pin/Pmax
91
89
87
85
3
4
V
out(V)
(%)
3.5
4.5
93
95
97
AM14863v1

5 Typical characteristics

Figure 4. Efficiency vs output voltage 3 PV
Cells - V
= 1.5 V, LX = 33 µH
mp
Figure 6. Efficiency vs output voltage 4 PV
Cells - V
= 2 V, LX = 33 µH
mp
Figure 5. MPPT efficiency vs output voltage 3
PV Cells - Vmp = 1.5 V, LX = 33 µH
Figure 7. MPPT efficiency vs output voltage 4
PV Cells - Vmp = 2 V, LX = 33 µH
8/15 Doc ID 18080 Rev 4
SPV1040 Typical characteristics
Pin = 0.25 W Pin = 0.5 W
Pin = 1.0 W Pin = 1.5 W Pin = 2.0 W Pin = 2.5 W Pin = 3.0 W
Pin = 3.5 W
P
out/Pin
86
84
82
80
3
4
V
out
(V)
(%)
3.5
4.5
88
90
92
94
96
98
AM14864v1
Pin = 0.25 W Pin = 0.5 W
Pin = 1.0 W Pin = 1.5 W Pin = 2.0 W Pin = 2.5 W Pin = 3.0 W
Pin = 3.5 W
Pin/Pmax
91
89
87
85
3
4
V
out(V)
(%)
3.5
4.5
93
95
97
AM14865v1
I
LX
V
LX
V
OUT
= 3V
I
LX
V
LX
V
OUT
= 3V
Figure 8. Efficiency vs output voltage 5 PV

Figure 10. VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 39% Figure 11. VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 68%

Cells - V
= 2.5 V, LX = 33 µH
mp
Figure 9. MPPT efficiency vs output voltage 5
PV Cells - Vmp = 2.5 V, LX = 33 µH
For setting up the application and simulating the related test results please go to www.st.com/edesignstudio
Doc ID 18080 Rev 4 9/15
Detailed description SPV1040

6 Detailed description

The SPV1040 is a monolithic, high efficiency, low voltage, self-powered DC-DC converter that operates over a 0.3 V to 5.5 V DC input voltage range and provides a single output voltage.
The device provides regulated output voltage and current by sensing the VCTRL feedback of the external resistor divider and the voltage drop on the external sense resistor Rs, respectively.
High efficiency is ensured by low power consumption in any working mode and by the embedded Perturb & Observe MPPT algorithm.
The SPV1040 guarantees its own safety and application safety by stopping the N-channel power switch in case of overcurrent or overtemperature conditions.

6.1 Soft-start mode

In order to guarantee powerup even when V a proper startup strategy has been implemented.
Taking into account that the device is powered by the V
0.8 V, the device moves from power off to soft-start mode and the current flows from the
input to output through the intrinsic body diode of the synchronous rectifier. In this condition V
follows the LX voltage. The IC exits Startup mode when V
OUT

6.2 Startup mode

When V is not yet guaranteed. In such conditions, the N-channel power switch is forced ON with a fixed duty cycle and the energy is transferred to the load via the intrinsic body diode of the P­channel synchronous switch. If the shutdown overcurrent limit is exceeded, the power switch is immediately turned OFF. The SPV1040 leaves Startup mode as soon as V above 2 V.
goes above 0.8 V but it is still lower than 2 V, a proper biasing of both MOSFETs
OUT

6.3 MPPT mode

Once the device has exited Startup mode, the SPV1040 enters MPPT mode to search for the maximum power point. The Perturb & Observe algorithm is based on monitoring either the voltage or the current supplied by the DC power source unit so that the PWM signal duty cycle is increased or decreased step by step according to the input power trend. Refer to
Figure 12, which illustrates the MPPT working principle.
is very low (battery completely discharged),
OUT
voltage, If V
OUT
reaches 0.8 V.
OUT
is lower than
OUT
OUT
goes

6.4 Constant voltage regulation

The constant voltage control loop consists of an internal voltage reference, an op amp and an external resistor divider that senses the battery voltage and fixes the voltage regulation set-point at the value specified by the user.
10/15 Doc ID 18080 Rev 4
SPV1040 Detailed description

6.5 Constant current regulation

The constant current control loop consists of an op amp and an external sense resistor that feeds the current sensing circuit with a voltage proportional to the DC output current. This resistor determines the current regulation set-point and must be adequately rated in terms of power dissipation. It provides the capability to fix the maximum output current to protect the battery.

6.6 Overcurrent protection (OVC)

When the current that flows through the inductor reaches 1.8 A (overcurrent shutdown limit), the N-channel power switch is immediately forced OFF and the P-channel synchronous rectifier is switched ON. Once the overcurrent condition has expired (the inductor current goes below 1.8 A) the N-channel power switch is turned back ON.

6.7 Overtemperature protection (OVT)

When the temperature sensed at silicon level reaches 155 °C (overtemperature shutdown limit), the N-channel power switch is immediately forced OFF and the P-channel synchronous rectifier is switched ON. The device becomes operative again as soon as the silicon temperature goes below 130 °C.

6.8 Shutdown mode

The XSHUT pin low shuts OFF all internal circuitry, achieving the lowest power consumption mode.

6.9 Undervoltage lockout (UVLO)

In order to prevent batteries from over-discharging, the device turns OFF in case of MPP­SET voltage lower than 0.24 V (no irradiation). A hysteresis has been implemented to avoid unpredictable ON-OFF switching.

6.10 Reverse polarity

In order to avoid damage to the device and battery discharge when the solar panel connection is reverse-inserted, a dedicated protection circuit has been implemented. In such condition, the SPV1040 stays OFF until the panel is inserted correctly.
Doc ID 18080 Rev 4 11/15
Detailed description SPV1040

Figure 12. MPPT working principle

6.11 Burst mode

When the output voltage reaches the battery charge voltage, the MPP-SET voltage drops below 450 mV, or the output current reaches the output maximum current limit, the duty cycle D drops down to 10% and the device evolves from Operating mode to Burst mode. The converter no longer works at constant frequency, but at frequencies gradually lower (1 T
over 1 PWM cycle, 1 TON over 2 PWM cycles, …,1 TON over 16 PWM cycles) prior to
ON
entering Sleep-IN mode.

6.12 Sleep-IN mode

Once Sleep-IN mode has been entered, no current is provided to the load. The device exits this mode once the cause which forced it into this state is no longer present.
12/15 Doc ID 18080 Rev 4
SPV1040 ECOPACK
®
7 ECOPACK
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK

Table 6. TSSOP8 package mechanical data

®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
®
is an ST trademark.
Symbol
A 1.200
A1 0.050 0.150
A2 0.800 1.000 1.050
b 0.190 0.300
c 0.090 0.200
CP 0.100
D 2.900 3.000 3.100
e – 0.650 –
®
mm
Min. Typ. Max.
E 6.200 6.400 6.600
E1 4.300 4.400 4.500
L 0.450 0.600 0.750
L1 1.000
0 8

Figure 13. TSSOP8 package mechanical drawing

Doc ID 18080 Rev 4 13/15
Revision history SPV1040

8 Revision history

Table 7. Document revision history

Date Revision Changes
08-Oct-2010 1 Initial release
06-Apr-2011 2
04-Oct-2011 3
25-Jul-2012 4
Updated coverpage, DFN8 information deleted, Chapter 3, Chapter 4 and Chapter 6
– Updated Figure 1, Figure 2, Ta bl e 2 and Ta bl e 5 – Minor text changes
Updated Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, and
Figure 9.
14/15 Doc ID 18080 Rev 4
SPV1040
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Doc ID 18080 Rev 4 15/15
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