ST AN2492 Application note

AN2492

Application note

Wide range 400W L6599-based

HB LLC resonant converter for PDP application

Introduction

This note describes the performances of a 400 W reference board, with wide-range mains operation and power-factor-correction (PFC) and presents the results of its bench evaluation. The electrical specification refers to a power supply for a typical high-end PDP application.

The main features of this design are the very low no-load input consumption (<0.5 W) and the very high global efficiency, better than 90% at full load and nominal mains voltage (115 230 V

The circuit consists of three main blocks. The first is a front-end PFC pre-regulator based on the L6563 PFC controller. The second stage is a multi-resonant half-bridge converter with an output voltage of +200 V/400 W, whose control is implemented through the L6599 resonant controller. A further auxiliary flyback converter based on the VIPer12A off-line primary switcher completes the architecture. This third block, delivering a total power of 7 W on two output voltages (+3.3 V and +5 V), is mainly intended for microprocessor supply and display power management operations.

L6599 & L6563 400W demo board (EVAL6599-400W-S)

June 2007 Rev 3 1/35

www.st.com

Contents AN2492

Contents

1 Main characteristics and circuit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Electrical test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.1 Harmonic content measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.2 Efficiency measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.3 Resonant stage operating waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.4 Stand-by and no-load power consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.5 Short-circuit protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.6 Overvoltage protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3 Thermal tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4 Conducted emission pre-compliance test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5 Bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

6 PFC coil specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

6.1 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

6.2 Mechanical aspect and pin numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

7 Resonant power transformer specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

7.1 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

8 Auxiliary flyback power transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

8.1 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

9 Board layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

11 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2/35

AN2492 List of figures

List of figures

Figure 1. PFC pre-regulator electrical diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Figure 2. Resonant converter electrical diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Figure 3. Auxiliary converter electrical diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figure 4. Compliance to EN61000-3-2 for harmonic reduction: full load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 5. Compliance to EN EN61000-3-2 for harmonic reduction: 70 W load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 6. Compliance to JEIDA-MITI standard for harmonic reduction: full load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 7. Compliance to JEIDA-MITI standard for harmonic reduction: 70 W load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 8. Power factor vs. Vin & load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 9. Total harmonic distortion vs. Vin & load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 10. Overall efficiency versus output power at nominal mains voltages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 11. Overall efficiency versus input mains voltage at various output power levels . . . . . . . . . . 12

Figure 12. Resonant circuit primary side waveforms at full load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 13. Resonant circuit primary side waveforms at light load (about 30 W output power) . . . . . . 13

Figure 14. Resonant circuit primary side waveforms at no load condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 15. Resonant circuit secondary side waveforms: +200 V output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 16. Low frequency (100 Hz) ripple voltage on the +200 V output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Figure 17. Load transition (0.4 A - 2 A) on +200 V output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Figure 18. +200 V output short-circuit waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 19. Thermal map @115 V Figure 20. Thermal map at 230 V Figure 21. Peak measurement on LINE at 115 V Figure 22. Peak measurement on NEUTRAL at 115 V Figure 23. Peak measurement on LINE at 230 V Figure 24. Peak measurement on NEUTRAL at 230 V

Figure 25. Electrical diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Figure 26. Pin side view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 27. Electrical diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 28. Mechanical aspect and pin numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 29. Winding position on coil former . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 30. Electrical diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Figure 31. Auxiliary transformer winding position on coil former . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Figure 32. Copper tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Figure 33. Thru-hole component placing and top silk screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Figure 34. SMT component placing and bottom silk screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

- full load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

and full load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

and full load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

and full load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

and full load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3/35

Main characteristics and circuit description AN2492

1 Main characteristics and circuit description

The main characteristics of the SMPS are listed below:

● Universal input mains range: 90 to 264 V

● Output voltages: 200 V @ 2 A - 3.3 V @ 0.7 A - 5 V @ 1 A

● Mains harmonics: Compliance with EN61000-3-2 specifications

● Stand-by mains consumption: Typical 0.5 W @230 V

●

Overall efficiency: better than 88% at full load, 90-264 V

●

EMI: Compliance with EN55022-class B specifications

● Safety: Compliance with EN60950 specifications

● PCB single layer: 132x265 mm, mixed PTH/SMT technologies

The circuit consists of three stages. A front-end PFC pre-regulator implemented by the controller L6563 (Figure 1), a half-bridge resonant DC/DC converter based on the resonant controller L6599 (Figure 2) and a 7 W flyback converter intended for stand-by management (Figure 3) utilizing the VIPer12A off-line primary switcher.

The PFC stage delivers a stable 400 VDC supply to the downstream converters (resonant + flyback) and provides for the reduction of the current harmonics drawn from the mains, in order to meet the requirements of the European norm EN61000-3-2 and the JEIDA-MITI norm for Japan.

- 45 to 65 Hz

The PFC controller is the L6563 (U1), integrating all functions needed to operate the PFC and interface the downstream resonant converter. Though this controller chip is designed for Transition-Mode (TM) operation, where the boost inductor works next to the boundary between Continuous (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM), by adding a simple external circuit, it can be operated in LM-FOT (line-modulated fixed off-time) mode, allowing Continuous Conduction Mode operation, normally achievable with more expensive control chips and more complex architectures. This operative mode allows the use of this device at a high power level, usually covered by CCM topologies. For a detailed and complete description of the LM-FOT operating mode, see the application note AN1792. The external components to configure the circuit in LM-FOT mode are: C15, C17, D5, Q3, R14, R17 and R29.

The power stage of the PFC is a conventional boost converter, connected to the output of the rectifier bridge through a differential mode filtering cell (C5, C6 and L3) for EMI reduction. It includes a coil (L4), a diode (D3), and two capacitors (C7 and C8). The boost switch consists of two Power MOSFETs (Q1 and Q2), connected in parallel, which are directly driven by the L6563 output drive thanks to the high current capability of the IC. The divider (R30, R31 and R32) connected to MULT pin 3 brings the information of the instantaneous voltage that is used to modulate the boost current and to derive further information like the average value of the AC line used by the VFF (voltage feed-forward) function. This function is used to keep the output voltage almost independent of the mains.

The divider (R3, R6, R8, R10 and R11) is dedicated to detecting the output voltage while a further divider (R5, R7, R9, R16 and R25) is used to protect the circuit in case of voltage loop failure.

The second stage is an LLC resonant converter, with half-bridge topology implementation, working in ZVS (zero voltage switching) mode. The controller is the L6599 integrated circuit that incorporates the necessary functions to properly drive the two half-bridge MOSFETs by a 50% fixed duty cycle with fixed dead-time, changing the frequency according to the

4/35

AN2492 Main characteristics and circuit description

feedback signal in order to regulate the output voltages against load and input voltage variations.

The main features of the L6599 are a non-linear soft-start, a current protection mode used to program the hiccup mode timing, a dedicated pin for sequencing or brown-out (LINE) and a stand-by pin (STBY) for burst mode operation at light loads (not used in this design).

The transformer (T1) uses the magnetic integration approach, incorporating the resonant series and shunt inductances of the LLC resonant tank. Thus, no additional external coils are needed for the resonance. For a detailed analysis of the LLC resonant converter, please refer to the application note AN2450.

The secondary side power circuit is configured with a single-ended transformer winding and full-bridge rectification (diodes D8A, D8B, D10A, D10B), which is more suitable for the current design. In fact, with this configuration, the total junction capacitance of the output diodes reflected at primary side is one half the capacitance in case of center-tap transformer. This capacitance at transformer primary side may affect the behavior of the resonant tank, changing the circuit from LLC to LLCC type, with the risk that the converter, in light-load/no-load condition (when the feedback loop increases the operating frequency) can no longer control the output voltage. If the converter has to operate down to zero load, this capacitance needs to be minimized. An inherent advantage of the full-bridge rectification is that the voltage rating of the output diodes in this configuration is one half the rating necessary for center-tap and two diodes circuit, which translates into a lower junction capacitance device, with consequent lower reflected capacitance at primary side.

The feedback loop is implemented by means of a classical configuration using a TL431 (U4) to adjust the current in the optocoupler diode (U3). The optocoupler transistor modulates the current from controller Pin 4, so the frequency will change accordingly, thus achieving the output voltage regulation. Resistors R46 and R54 set the maximum operating frequency. In case of a short circuit, the current entering the primary winding is detected by the lossless circuit (C34, C39, D11, D12, R43, and R45) and the resulting signal is fed into L6599 Pin 6.

In case of overload, the voltage on Pin 6 will exceed an internal threshold that triggers a protection sequence via Pin 2, keeping the current flowing in the circuit at a safe level.

The third stage is a small flyback converter based on the VIPer12A, a current mode controller with integrated Power MOSFET, capable of delivering about 7 W total output power on the output voltages (5 V and 3.3 V). The regulated output voltage is the 3.3 V output and, also in this case, the feedback loop uses the TL431 (U7) and optocoupler (U6) to control the output voltage. This converter is able to operate in the whole mains voltage range, even when the PFC stage is not working. From the auxiliary winding on the primary side of the flyback transformer (T2), a voltage Vs is available, intended to supply the other controllers (L6563 and L6599) in addition to the VIPer12A itself.

The PFC stage and the resonant converter can be switched on and off through the circuit based mainly on components Q7, Q8, D22 and U8, which, depending on the level of the signal ST-BY, supplies or removes the auxiliary voltage (VAUX) necessary to start up the controllers of the PFC and resonant stages. When the AC input voltage is applied to the power supply, the small flyback converter switches on first. Then, when the ST-BY signal is low, the PFC pre-regulator becomes operative, and the resonant converter can deliver the output power to the load. Note that if Pin 9 of Connector J3 is left floating (no signal ST-BY present), the PFC and resonant converter will not operate, and only +5 V and +3.3 V supplies are available on the output. In order to enable the +200 V output, Pin 9 of Connector J3 must be pulled down to ground.

5/35

Main characteristics and circuit description AN2492

Figure 1. PFC pre-regulator electrical diagram

Vdc

+400V

2nF2-Y1

330uF/450V

NTC 2R5-S237

470nF/630V

STTH8R0 6

1-2

1N5406

PQ40-500uH

5-6

LL4148

STP12NM50FP

LL4148

R18

R15

6R8

R24

0R39

R23

0R39

R22

0R39

R21

0R39

R19

1k0

C18

330pF

Vrect

470nF/630V

DM-51uH-6A

470nF/630V

Vaux

D15XB60

C11

CM-10m H-5A

CM-1.5mH-5A

8A/250V

2nF2-Y2

680nF-X2

C10

2nF2-Y2

330nF-X2

470nF-X2

1M5

CON2-IN

C13

10uF/50V

C12

100nF

680kR8680k

680k

Vdc

2M2

R11

R10

2M2

C15

100pF

R14

3k3

R17

C17

15k

L6563

100k

R13

56k

C14

100nF

C16

1uF

2M2

CSCS

LL4148

15k

220pF

VCC

INV

COMP

ZCD

GND

MULTCSVFF

PWM-Latch

R29

1k5

BC857C

R20

1k0

C21

2nF2

R28

RUN

PWM-STOP

TBO

PFC-OK PWM-LATCH

R16

5k1

LINE

240k

R26

150k

C20

470nF

C19

10nF

R25

30k

C22

10nF

R32

10k

R31

620k

R30

620k

Vrect

6/35

AN2492 Main characteristics and circuit description

Figure 2. Resonant converter electrical diagram

1234567

+200V

CON8

C59

47nF

R86

470R

R61

R53

75k

R58

75k

C38

C25

22uF/250V

C29

100uF/250V

R51

330k

2k2

R60

12k

10uH

C30

100uF/250V

D8A

D8B

D10A

STTH803

T-RES-ER49

C28

47nF/630V

Vdc

R33

STP14NK50Z

R35

LL4148

STP14NK50Z

R39

R40

LL4148

C37

100uF/250V

STTH803

D10B

STTH803

R43

150

C34

220pF/630V

Vaux

C32

100nF

R38

C31

10uF/50V

D11

LL4148

D12

LL4148

R45

75R

C39

1uF0

C41

R85

R50

R49

R48

10uF/50V

120k

D13

C-12V

330k

R59

R56

330k

R52

330k

1k0

3k3

U3A

SFH617A-2

1k0

C44

47nF

TL431

C27 100nF

LVG

OUT

VCC

HVG

VBOOT

L6599

CSS

DELAYCFRFMIN

STBY

ISEN

LINE GND

R36

R34

3k9

C23

4uF7

C24

470nF

C26

270pF

R37

1M0

R41

DIS PFC-STOP

C33

4nF7

R42

16k

LINE

C40

10nF

R47

10k

R46

1k5

PWM-Latch

U3B

SFH617A-2

C60

470nF

R87

220R

R54

1k5

7/35

Main characteristics and circuit description AN2492

Figure 3. Auxiliary converter electrical diagram

+5Vst-by

123456789

+5Vst-by

T-FLY -AUX-E20

+3V3

C46

100uF/10V

33uH

C45

1000uF/10V

D15

1N5822

D14

CON10

St-By

C49

100uF/10V

33uH

C47

1000uF/10V

D16

1N5821

D20

PKC-136

C51

100nF

R77

R64

1k6

C54

100nF

R67

1k0

C53

2nF2

R73

8k2

R62

U6A

SFH617A-2

+5Vst-by

R68

BAV103

C50

10uF/50V

R66

1k0

St-By

22k

R71

10k

BC847C

R69

4k7

TL431

+200V

R76

150k

R75

150k

D21

B-15V

R80

30k

R79

2k2

Vdc

+400V

D19

C-30V

SSFB

VIPER-12A

U6B

SFH617A-2

Vdd D

D17

LL4148

D18

B-10V

C52

C48

10uF/50V

8/35

47nF

BC857C

U8A

R72

22R

10k

R74

C55

10uF/50V

Vdc

+400V

R83

Q11

BC557C

SFH617A-2

1M0

R84

C58

10nF

150k

BC547C

R70

Vaux

C56

100nF

Q10

BC847C

U8B

SFH617A-2

10k

D22

C-15V

C57

1nF0

AN2492 Electrical test results

2 Electrical test results

2.1 Harmonic content measurement

The current harmonics drawn from the mains have been measured according to the European rule EN61000-3-2 Class-D and Japanese rule JEIDA-MITI Class-D, at full load and 70 W output power, at both nominal input voltages (230 V in Figure 4., Figure 5., Figure 6. and Figure 7. show that the measured current harmonics are well below the limits imposed by the regulations, both at full load and at 70 W load.

and 100 VAC). The pictures

Figure 4. Compliance to EN61000-3-2 for

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

harmonic reduction: full load

Measurements @ 230Vac Full load EN61000-3-2 class D limit s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 16 17 18 19 20

Harmoni c Orde r ( n)

Figure 6. Compliance to JEIDA-MITI standard

0.1

0.01

0.001

for harmonic reduction: full load

Measurements @ 100Vac Full load JEI DA- M ITI c l ass D l im it s

Figure 5. Compliance to EN EN61000-3-2 for

harmonic reduction: 70 W load

Measurement s @ 230Vac 70W EN61 00 0-3-2 class D limits

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001 1234567891011121314151617181920

Harmoni c Order (n)

Figure 7. Compliance to JEIDA-MITI standard

for harmonic reduction: 70 W load

Measurement s @ 100V ac 70W JEI DA -MI TI cla s s D limits

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001 1234567891011121314151617181920

Harmoni c Orde r (n )

The Power Factor (PF) and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) are reported in Figure 8. and Figure 9. It is evident from the picture that the PF stays close to unity in the whole mains voltage range at full load and at half load, while it decreases at high mains at low load (70W). The THD has similar behavior, remaining within 25% overall the mains voltage range and increasing at low load (70 W) at high mains voltage.

0.0001 1234567891011121314151617181920

Harmoni c Orde r ( n)

9/35

Electrical test results AN2492

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Output Power (W)

Eff. (%)

@230Vac @115Vac

Figure 8. Power factor vs. Vin & load Figure 9. Total harmonic distortion vs. Vin &

1.00

0.98

0.95

0.93

0.90

0.88

0.85 80 120 160 200 240 280

400W 200W 70W

Vin [Vrms]

THD [%]

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00 80 120 160 200 240 280

load

400W 200W 70W

Vin [Vrms]

2.2 Efficiency measurements

Table 1. and Tab l e 2 . show the output voltage measurements at the nominal mains voltages

of 115 V load and at light load operations, the input power is measured using a Yokogawa WT-210 digital power meter. Particular attention has to be paid when measuring input power at full load in order to avoid measurement errors due to the voltage drop on cables and connections.

and 230 VAC, with different load conditions. For all measurements, both at full

Figure 10. shows the overall circuit efficiency, measured at each load condition, at both

nominal input mains voltages of 115 V

and 230 VAC. The values were measured after 30

minutes of warm-up at maximum load. The high efficiency of the PFC pre-regulator working in FOT mode and the very high efficiency of the resonant stage working in ZVS (i.e. with negligible switching losses), provides for an overall efficiency better than 88% at full load in the complete mains voltage range. This is a significant high value for a two-stage converter, especially at low input mains voltage where PFC conduction losses increase. Even at lower loads, the efficiency still remains high.

Figure 10. Overall efficiency versus output power at nominal mains voltages

10/35

AN2492 Electrical test results

The global efficiency at full load has been measured even at the limits of the input voltage range, with good results:

At VIN = 90 V

At VIN = 264 V

- full load, the efficiency is 88.48%

- full load, the efficiency is 93.70%

Also at light load, at an output power of about 10% of the maximum level, the overall efficiency is very good, reaching a value better than 79% over the entire input mains voltage range. Figure 11. shows the efficiency measured at various output power levels versus input mains voltage.

Table 1. Efficiency measurements @V

+200 V@load(A) +5 V @load(A) +3.3 V @load(A) POUT(W) PIN(W) Efficiency

202.50 1.989 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 409.77 451.38 90.78%

202.50 1.751 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 361.58 397.70 90.92%

202.50 1.501 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 310.95 341.39 91.08%

202.50 1.251 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 260.33 285.86 91.07%

202.50 1.000 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 209.50 230.96 90.71%

202.53 0.751 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 159.10 176.63 90.08%

202.53 0.500 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 108.26 122.62 88.29%

202.53 0.250 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 57.63 69.04 83.48%

202.56 0.150 4.84 0.293 3.33 0.309 32.83 41.14 79.80%

202.67 0.051 4.84 0.293 3.33 0.309 12.78 20.34 62.85%

= 115 V

Table 2. Efficiency measurements @VIN = 230 V

+200 V@load(A) +5 V @load(A) +3.3 V @load(A) POUT(W) PIN(W) Efficiency

202.50 1.987 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 409.37 437.79 93.51%

202.50 1.750 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 361.37 386.90 93.40%

202.50 1.500 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 310.75 333.33 93.23%

202.50 1.250 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 260.12 279.65 93.02%

202.50 1.000 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 209.50 226.68 92.42%

202.50 0.750 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 158.87 174.10 91.25%

202.53 0.500 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 108.26 121.54 89.08%

202.53 0.250 4.84 0.968 3.33 0.695 57.63 68.96 83.57%

202.54 0.150 4.84 0.293 3.33 0.309 32.83 41.80 78.54%

202.67 0.050 4.84 0.293 3.33 0.309 12.58 19.86 63.35%

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+ 24 hidden pages

ST AN2492 Application note

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 Main characteristics and circuit description

2 Electrical test results

2.1 Harmonic content measurement

2.2 Efficiency measurements