Design and specifi cations are subject to change without notice.
4
1/2
7/8
KDL-40XBR7
KDL-40XBR7
Speaker Output
10W+10W, 12W +12W (W oofer)
Speaker/Front (4)
mm20 x 140
in
Tweater (2)
mm30
in
Woofer (2)
mm
in2 x 4
Dimensions (W x H x D)
with stand
mm1128 x 655 x 279 mm
in
44
without stand
mm1128 x 603 x 125 mm
in
44
wall-mount hole pattern (mm)300 x 300 mm
wall-mount screw size (mm)
Mass
with stand
kg26.5 kg
lbs59 lbs
without stand
kg23.5 kg
lbs52 lbs
All measurements are approximations.
13/16
5/8
x 5
1/8
1
x 1
50 x 100
x 25
1/2
x 23
x 11 in
3/4
x 5 in
M6 X 8 -12
Television system
NTSC American TV Standard
ATSC (8VSB terrestrial) ATSC compliant 8VSB
QAM on cable ANSI/SCTE 07 2000
Channel coverage
Analog
2-69 Terrestrial
1-135 Cable
Digital
2-69 Terrestrial
1-135 Cable
Antenna
75-ohm external terminal for RF inputs
Panel System
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Panel
Display Resolution (horizontal x vertical)
1,920 dots x 1,080 lines
Screen Size (measured diagonally)
approx. 40 inches
Supplied Accessories
Remote Commander RM-YD024
Two Size AA (R6) Batteries
AC Power Cord
Cable Holder (1 attached to the TV)
Operating Instructions
Quick Setup Guide
Warranty Card
Safety and Regulatory Booklet
Attaching the Table-Top Stand
Optional Accessories
Connecting Cables
Suport Belt Kit
Wall-Mount Bracket
SU-WL500
TV-Stand
SU-FL71M
KDL-40XBR7
5
KDL-40XBR7
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS - ENGLISH
CAUTION
These servicing instructions are for use by qualifi ed service personnel only. To reduce the risk of electric shock, do not perform any servicing other
than that contained in the operating instructions unless you are qualifi ed to do so.
An isolation transformer should be used during any service to avoid possible shock hazard, because of live chassis. The chassis of this receiver is
directly connected to the ac power line.
!SAFETY-RELATED COMPONENT WARNING!!
Components identifi ed by shading and ! mark on the schematic diagrams, exploded views, and in the parts list are critical for safe operation. Replace
these components with Sony parts whose part numbers appear as shown in this manual or in supplements published by Sony. Circuit adjustments that
are critical for safe operation are identifi ed in this manual. Follow these procedures whenever critical components are replaced or improper operation is
suspected.
KDL-40XBR7
6
KDL-40XBR7
A
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS - FRENCH
ATTENTION!!
Ces instructions de service sont à l’usage du personnel de service qualifi é seulement. Pour prévenir le risque de choc électrique, ne pas faire
l’entretien autre que celui contenu dans le Mode d’emploi à moins que vous soyez qualifi é faire ainsi.
POUR TRANSPORTER LE TÉLÉVISEUR
ssurez-vous de suivre les consignes suivantes pour
protéger votre bien et éviter les blessures graves.
• Avant de transporter le téléviseur, débranchez
tous les câbles.
• Soulevez le téléviseur en plaçant la paume de
votre main directement en dessous du panneau,
mais n’imposez pas de charge sur le panneau
ACL.
• Le transport d’un téléviseur de grande taille doit
être effectué par au moins deux personnes.
• Lorsque vous transportez le téléviseur, placez vos
mains tel qu’illustré et tenez solidement
l’appareil. Ne soumettez pas le téléviseur à des
chocs ou à des vibrations, ni à une force excessive.
Veillez à tenir l’appareil par le
dessous du panneau, et non par la
partie transparente, le haut-parleur
ou la zone de la grille du hautparleur. N’appliquez pas de
pression sur la zone de la grille du
haut-parleur.
Afi n d’eviter tout risque d’electrocution provenant d’un chássis sous tension, un transformateur d’isolement doit etre utilisé lors de tout dépannage. Le
chássis de ce récepteur est directement raccordé à l’alimentation du secteur.
!ATTENTION AUX COMPOSANTS RELATIFS A LA SECURITE!!
Les composants identifi es par une trame et par une marque ! sur les schemas de principe, les vues explosees et les listes de pieces sont d’une
importance critique pour la securite du fonctionnement. Ne les remplacer que par des composants Sony dont le numero de piece est indique dans le
present manuel ou dans des supplements publies par Sony. Les reglages de circuit dont l’importance est critique pour la securite du fonctionnement
sont identifi es dans le present manuel. Suivre ces procedures lors de chaque remplacement de composants critiques, ou lorsqu’un mauvais
fonctionnement suspecte.
KDL-40XBR7
7
SAFETY-RELATED COMPONENT WARNING
KDL-40XBR7
There are critical components used in LCD color TVs that are important for safety. These components are identifi ed with shading and
mark on the schematic diagrams and the electrical parts list. It is essential that these critical parts be replaced only with the part number
specifi ed in the electrical parts list to prevent electric shock, fi re, or other hazard.
NOTE: Do not modify the original design without obtaining written permission from the manufacturer or you will void the original parts and
labor guarantee.
!
USE CAUTION WHEN HANDLING THE LCD PANEL
When repairing the LCD panel, be sure you are grounded by using a wrist band.
When installing the LCD panel on a wall, the LCD panel must be secured using the 4 mounting holes on the rear cover.
To avoid damaging the LCD panel:
do not press on the panel or frame edge to avoid the risk of electric shock.
do not scratch or press on the panel with any sharp objects.
do not leave the module in high temperatures or in areas of high humidity for an extended period of time.
do not expose the LCD panel to direct sunlight.
avoid contact with water. It may cause a short circuit within the module.
disconnect the AC adapter when replacing the backlight (CCFL) or inverter circuit.
(High voltage occurs at the inverter circuit at 650Vrms.)
always clean the LCD panel with a soft cloth material.
use care when handling the wires or connectors of the inverter circuit. Damaging the wires may cause a short.
protect the panel from ESD to avoid damaging the electronic circuit (C-MOS).
LEAKAGE CURRENT HOT CHECK CIRCUIT
KDL-40XBR7
8
The circuit boards used in these models have been processed using
Lead Free Solder. The boards are identified by the LF logo located
close to the board designation e.g. H1 etc [ see example ]. The
servicing of these boards requires special precautions to be taken as
outlined below.
KDL-40XBR7
example 1
It is strongly recommended to use Lead Free Solder material in order to guarantee optimal quality of new solder joints.
Lead Free Solder is available under the following part numbers :
rebmuntraPretemaiDskrameR
91-500-046-7mm3.0gK52.0
02-500-046-7mm4.0gK05.0
12-500-046-7mm5.0gK05.0
22-500-046-7mm6.0gK52.0
32-500-046-7mm8.0gK00.1
42-500-046-7mm0.1gK00.1
52-500-046-7mm2.1gK00.1
62-500-046-7mm6.1gK00.1
Due to the higher melting point of Lead Free Solder the soldering iron tip temperature needs to be set to 370 degrees centigrade.
This requires soldering equipment capable of accurate temperature control coupled with a good heat recovery characteristics.
For more information on the use of Lead Free Solder, please refer to
http://www.sony-training.com
KDL-40XBR7
9
SAFETY CHECK-OUT
KDL-40XBR7
After correcting the original service problem, perform the following
safety checks before releasing the set to the customer:
1. Check the area of your repair for unsoldered or poorly soldered
connections. Check the entire board surface for solder splashes and
bridges.
2. Check the interboard wiring to ensure that no wires are “pinched” or
touching high-wattage resistors.
3. Check that all control knobs, shields, covers, ground straps, and
mounting hardware have been replaced. Be absolutely certain that
you have replaced all the insulators.
4. Look for unauthorized replacement parts, particularly transistors,
that were installed during a previous repair. Point them out to the
customer and recommend their replacement.
5. Look for parts which, though functioning, show obvious signs of
deterioration. Point them out to the customer and recommend their
replacement.
6. Check the line cords for cracks and abrasion. Recommend the
replacement of any such line cord to the customer.
7. Check the antenna terminals, metal trim, “metallized” knobs, screws,
and all other exposed metal parts for AC leakage. Check leakage as
described below.
The AC leakage from any exposed metal part to earth ground and
from all exposed metal parts to any exposed metal part having a
return to chassis, must not exceed 0.5 mA (500 microamperes).
Leakage current can be measured by any one of three methods.
1. A commercial leakage tester, such as the Simpson 229 or RCA
WT-540A. Follow the manufacturers’ instructions to use these
instructions.
2. A battery-operated AC milliampmeter. The Data Precision 245
digital multimeter is suitable for this job.
3. Measuring the voltage drop across a resistor by means of a VOM
or battery-operated AC voltmeter. The “limit” indication is 0.75
V, so analog meters must have an accurate low voltage scale.
The Simpson’s 250 and Sanwa SH-63TRD are examples of
passive VOMs that are suitable. Nearly all battery-operated digital
multimeters that have a 2 VAC range are suitable (see Figure A).
How to Find a Good Earth Ground
A cold-water pipe is a guaranteed earth ground; the cover-plate
retaining screw on most AC outlet boxes is also at earth ground. If the
retaining screw is to be used as your earth ground, verify that it is at
ground by measuring the resistance between it and a cold-water pipe
with an ohmmeter. The reading should be zero ohms.
If a cold-water pipe is not accessible, connect a 60- to 100-watt
trouble- light (not a neon lamp) between the hot side of the receptacle
and the retaining screw. Try both slots, if necessary, to locate the hot
side on the line; the lamp should light at normal brilliance if the screw
is at ground potential (see Figure B).
Leakage Test
0.15 μF
Figure A. Using an AC voltmeter to check AC leakage.Figure B. Checking for earth ground.
To Exposed Metal
Parts on Set
Earth Ground
AC
Voltmeter
(0.75V)
Trouble Light
AC Outlet Box
Ohmmeter
Cold-water Pipe
KDL-40XBR7
10
KDL-40XBR7
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTION
The units in this manual contain a self-diagnostic function. If an error occurs, the STANDBY LED indicator will automatically begin to fl ash. The number
of times the LED fl ashes translates to a probable source of the problem. A defi nition of the STANDBY LED fl ash indicators is listed in the instruction
manual for the user’s knowledge and reference. If an error symptom cannot be reproduced, the Remote Commander can be used to review the failure
occurrence data stored in memory to reveal past problems and how often these problems occur.
1. Diagnostic Test Indicators
When an error occurs, the STANDBY LED indicator will fl ash a set number of times to indicate the possible cause of the problem. If there is more than
one error, the indicator will identify the fi rst of the problem areas.
Control Buttons
PIC OFF / TIMER
Self Diagnosis
POWER
STANDBY
Supported model
Description of LED Indictors
ItemDescription
Light Sensor Senses room light level and adjusts the screen brightness
accordingly. Do not put anything near the sensor or the nearby
general area as its function may be affected.
POWER LED Lights up in green when the TV is turned on.
STANDBY
LED
PIC OFF/
TIMER LED
LED ON 0.3 sec.
LED OFF 0.3 sec.
Lights up in red when your TV is in PC standby mode. If the
LED blinks in red continuously, this may indicate that the TV
needs servicing.
Lights up in green when the Picture Off feature is activated.
Lights up in orange when the timer is set. When the timer is
set, this LED will remain lit even if the TV is turned off.
2 times
5 times
LED OFF
3 sec.
KDL-40XBR7
11
LED Indicators
KDL-40XBR7
Diagnostic Item
Description
Main Power 2 timesG6 Board (Power Supply)
DC Alert3 times
Panel Alert5 timesLCD Panel
Backlight6 times
Panel Temp7 timesFBU Board
Audio Prot8 timesAU Board
Fan Error9 timesReplace Fan
DTT Error10 timesFBU Board
Backlight Balance13 timesLCD Panel
Viewing the Self Check Diagnostic List
1. TV must be in standby mode. (Power off).
2. Press the following buttons on the Remote Commander within a second of each other:
DISPLAY
The Self Check list displays. This differs from accessing Service Adjustments.
Results for all of the following diagnostic items are displayed on screen. No error has occurred if the screen displays a “0”.
NOTE: If the Service Menu display text is not completely visible, press the Menu
Channel 5 Volume -
Number of times
STANDBY lamp
flashes
TV POWER
Possible Location
FBU Board
G6 Board (Power Supply)
D4 Board (Inverter)
G6 Board (Power Supply)
.
button on the Remote Commander to refresh the display.
HOME
SELF CHECK
002 PW-ERR001
003 DC_ALERT1000
005 PANEL_ALERT000
006 BACKLIGHT000
007 PANELTEMP000
008 AUDIO_PROT000
009 FAN_ERR000
010 DTT_ERR000
013 BALANCER000
101 DTT_WDT000*WDT- W atch Dog Timers
102 TVM_WDT000*(Watch Dog Timers are used to track
103 BEM_WDT000 micro processors, not to record errors.)
00016-00013-00016
ÏÏ Total Panel Hours
Ï
Ï Total Hours of Operation
Ï
Ï Boot Count
3. To exit Self Check display, turn the power off.
Clearing the Self Check Diagnostic List
Í 1 indicates an error was detected
Í 0 indicates no error was detected
1. In Service Mode, press the Channel
8
KDL-40XBR7
Channel 0.
12
1-1. REAR COVER REMOVAL
1
Remove 4 screws from Vesa positions
2
Remove 15 screws
KDL-40XBR7
SECTION 1: DISASSEMBLY
Rear Cover
1
2
1-2. H1VM BOARD AND POWER BUTTON REMOVAL
1
Remove 1 screw
2
Disconnect 1 connector
3
Release hooks to remove Power Button and H1VM Board
Button Bracket
3
Power Button
H1VM Board
1
2
KDL-40XBR7
13
1-3. WOOFER BOX REMOVAL
1
Remove 4 screws from both Woofer Boxes
2
Slide out Woofer Boxes from Cabinet
3
Remove 2 screws from AWF Brackets
KDL-40XBR7
AWF Brackets
Woofer Box(L)
1-4. AU/D4/FBU/G6 BOARD REMOVAL
1
Unhook Side Jack Bracket and slide out from AU Board
2
Disconnect 5 connectors and remove 9 screws from AU Board
3
Remove 3 screws from FB Shield
4
Remove 2 Hex screws from FB Shield
5
Remove 2 screws from FB Shield
6
Remove 1 screw from FB Shield and release wire terminal
7
Disconnect 4 connectors and remove 10 screws from FBU Board
8
Remove 1 screw from Main Bracket and Cabinet
9
Remove 4 screws from Main Bracket
10
Disconnect 6 connectors and
remove 10 screws from G6 Board
11
Disconnect 4 connectors and
remove 4 screws from D4 Board
Main Bracket
2
Woofer Box(R)
FBU Board
8
1
1
KDL-40XBR7
D4 Bracket
11
D4 Board
G6 Bracket
9
10
G6 Board
FB Shield
7
Side Jack Bracket
3
4
5
6
AU Board
2
1
14
1-5. H3VM BOARD AND H4 BOARD REMOVAL
1
Disconnect 1 connector and release H4 Board from Cabinet
2
Unhook Guide Light and remove from H4 Board
3
Disconnect 1 connector and remove from Cabinet
4
Remove LED Bracket from H3VM Board
KDL-40XBR7
Cabinet Assembly
Guide Light
H4 Board
4
3
H3VM Board
LED Bracket
12
1-6. CABINET COVER, SPEAKER COVER AND SPEAKER BOX REMOVAL
1
Remove 2 screws from both sides of Cabinet Covers
2
Slide Speaker Cover to upward and remove from Cabinet Assembly
3
Remove 8 screws
3
2
Speaker Box
KDL-40XBR7
Cabinet Cover
1
Speaker Cover
3
2
15
1-7. TABLE-TOP STAND AND UNDER COVER REMOVAL
1
Remove 4 screws
2
Remove 1 screw
1
2
KDL-40XBR7
Table-Top Stand Assembly
Under Cover
1-8. STRUCTURAL FRAMES, BRACKETS AND AC INLET REMOVAL
1
Remove 4 screws from Top VESA Brackets
2
Remove 6 screws from Spines
3
Remove 1 screw from AC Bracket
4
Remove 2 screws from AC Inlet
5
Remove 4 screws from Bottom VESA Brackets
6
Remove 5 screws from Stand Holder
7
Remove 4 screws from Bottom Frame
8
Remove 2 screws from D4 Bracket
AC Bracket
AC Inlet
1
2
3
4
Top Vesa
6
Main Bracket
Bottom Vesa
5
Stand Holder
7
Bottom Frame
KDL-40XBR7
D4 Bracket
8
16
1-9. LCD PANEL REMOVAL
1
Remove 2 screws
2
Disconnect 2 connectors from inverter board
KDL-40XBR7
LCD Panel
1
2
Cabinet Assembly
1-9-1. CLEANING THE LCD PANEL
CAUTION: When cleaning the TV, be sure to unplug the power cord to avoid any chance of electric shock.
1
Clean the cabinet of the TV with a dry soft cloth.
2
Wipe the LCD screen gently with a soft cloth.
→ Stubborn stains may be removed with a cloth slightly moistened with a solution of mild soap and warm water.
→ If using a chemically pretreated cloth, please follow the instruction provided on the package.
→ Never use strong solvents such as a thinner, alcohol or benzine for cleaning.
→ Periodic vacuuming of the ventilation openings is recommended to ensure to proper ventilation.
KDL-40XBR7
17
1-10. TOUCH SENSOR MODULE REMOVAL
1
Disconnect 1 connector and remove Illumination Module from Center Cabinet
2
Release Touch Holder from Center Cabinet
3
Disconnect 1 connector and remove Touch Sensor Module from Center Cabinet
4
Carefully remove Touch Sheet from Center Cabinet
Caution: Touch Sensor Removal
The board has been installed and fi xed in position on the bezel by double sided tape. Improper removal may cause damage on both
the board and the light guide. Do not bend or warp the board as shown on the pictures on the below.
To remove the module,
* Hold 2 positions (or more) to minimize board distortion.
* Use jigs (wide plates) to avoid damaging light guide while separating the module from Bezel.
KDL-40XBR7
Illumination Module
1
3
4
2
Touch Holder
Touch Sensor Module
Touch Sheet
KDL-40XBR7
“NG”
“OK”
18
WIRE DRESSING
THE WIRE DRESSING DIAGRAMS ARE
CURRENTLY NOT AVAILABLE.
KDL-40XBR7
KDL-40XBR7
19
3
SECTION 2: SERVICE ADJUSTMENTS
2-1. VIEWING SERVICE ADJUSTMENT DATA
There are no adjustments necessary for these models. All data has
been set for optimal viewing for our customers. The following sections
are for informational purposes only.
2-2. ACCESSING SERVICE ADJUSTMENT
MODE
1. TV must be in standby mode. (Power off).
2. Press the following buttons on the Remote Commander within a
second of each other:
DISPLAY
Channel 5 Volume +
TV POWER
.
KDL-40XBR7
VERS0SERVICE
VERSION0TV MICRO
DIGITALPROGRAM : H08-02.21
DATA : 1.02S40
TVPROGRAM : 1.004
DATA : 0.019-1003
BOOT : 1
BEPROGRAM : 1.005A00LU
DATA1 : 1.006A40LU7
DATA2 :
BOOT : 1.00W00LU
Sample TV Service Menu
DISPLAY
$)30,!9
,)'(4 0/7%2
460/7%2
$6$ !-0 34" 46
&5.#4)/.
02%6 2%0,!9!$6!.#% .%84
0,!9
9.#-%.5 0!53%
4(%!4%23/5.$ 0)#452% 7)$%
34/0
## &2%%:%
TV POWER
2-3. VIEWING THE SERVICE MENUS
Use the Remote Commander to view the BE and Digital service menus
options.
1. To display the Service Menu that contains the Category you want to
adjust, press
(For a complete list of the service Categories refer to Service Menus)
JUMP
on the Remote Commander.
NOTE: If the Service Menu display text is not completely visible, press
the Menu
Onscreen cursor
and select button
VOLUME+
5
6/,#(
-54).'
2%#
"$$6$
-%.54/0-%.5
2%#0!53% 2%#34/0
*5-0
&&
JUMP
display.
Ð
VERS0SERVICE
VERSION0TV MICRO
Ð
QM00SERVICE
INFODTV
Ð
BEMSERVICE
Ð
button on the Remote Commander to refresh the
HOME
DIGITALPROGRAM : H08-02.21
DATA : 1.02S40
TVPROGRAM : 1.004
DATA : 0.019-1003
BOOT : 1
BEPROGRAM : 1.005A00LU
DATA1 : 1.006A40LU7
DATA2 :
BOOT : 1.00W00LU
BOOT: 1000W00LU
MAIN: 1005A00LU
DATA: 1006A40LU7
Sample Service Menus
RM-YD024
The fi rst service menu (TV) displays.
KDL-40XBR7
20
KDL-40XBR7
2-4. USING THE REMOTE COMMANDER TO
VIEW SERVICE DATA
Use the buttons on the Remote Commander to access the service menu
items and adjust the data values.
1. Access Service Mode.
Press the following buttons on the Remote Commander within a
second of each other:
DISPLAY
Category
Number
Adjustment
Item Number
The screen displays the fi rst category in the selected service menu.
NOTE: If the Service Menu display text is not completely visible,
press the Menu
the display.
2. To change the category, press 2 or 5 on the Remote Commander.
Note: Pressing 2 or 5 only changes the categories within the service
menu displayed.
To change a category on one of the other service menus, press the
JUMP
3. To change the adjustment item, press 1 or 4 on the Remote
Commander.
button until the correct service menu is displayed.
.
Next item
Read data
from last
saved NVM
Previous
item
MUTING
Write into
memory
$)30,!9
,)'(4 0/7%2
460/7%2
$6$ !-0 34" 46
&5.#4)/.
02%6 2%0,!9!$6!.#% .%84
0,!9
39.#-%.5 0!53%
4(%!4%23/5.$ 0)#452% 7)$%
## &2%%:%
34/0
TV POWER
Next
2
Category
1
Previous
5
4
6/,#(
-54).'
Restore User Control
*5-0
and Channel Memory
Category
8
0
ENT
2%#
2%#0!53% 2%#34/0
"$$6$
&&
-%.54/0-%.5
JUMP
Displays
Service
Menus
KDL-40XBR7
RM-YD024
2-5. RESETTING TO FACTORY DEFAULTS
Use the following instructions to restore the User Controls and
Channel Memory settings to the preset factory conditions.
1. While holding down the
POWER button on the Front Panel of the set.
The set restarts and displays the initial setup screen. This may take
several minutes.
on the Remote Commander, press the
21
3-1. CIRCUIT BOARDS LOCATION
A
U
KDL-40XBR7
SECTION 3: DIAGRAMS
FBU
G6
D4
H1VM
ILLUMINATION
MODULE
TOUCH SENSOR
MODULE
3-2.
PRINTED WIRING BOARDS AND SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS INFORMATION
All capacitors are in μF unless otherwise noted. pF : μμF 50WV or
less are not indicated except for electrolytics and tantalums.
All voltages are in V.
S : Measurement impossibility.
All electrolytics are in 50V unless otherwise specifi ed.
All resistors are in ohms. kΩ=1000Ω, MΩ=1000kΩ
Indication of resistance, which does not have one for rating
electrical power, is as follows: Pitch : 5mm
Rating electrical power :
1
/
W in resistance, 1/
4
W and 1/
10
W in chip resistance.
16
1
/
4
: nonfl ammable resistor
: fusible resistor
: internal component
: panel designation and adjustment for repair
: earth ground
: earth-chassis
All variable and adjustable resistors have characteristic curve B,
unless otherwise noted.
Circled numbers are waveform references.
W
The components identifi ed by shading and ! symbol are critical for safety. Replace
only with part number specifi ed.
The symbol indicates a fast operating fuse and is displayed on the component
side of the board. Replace only with fuse of the same rating as marked.
Les composants identifi es per un trame et une marque
securite. Ne les remplacer que par une piece portant le numero specifi e.
Le symbole indique une fusible a action rapide. Doit etre remplace par une
fusible de meme yaleur, comme maque.
H4
H3VM
: B+line.
: B-line. (Actual measured value may be different).
: signal path. (RF)
!
sont critiques pour la
Readings are taken with a color-bar signal input.
Readings are taken with a 10MΩ digital multimeter.
Voltages are DC with respect to ground unless otherwise noted.
Voltage variations may be noted due to normal production
tolerances.
NOTE: The components identifi ed by a red outline and a mark contain confi dential
information. Specifi c instructions must be adhered to whenever these components
are repaired and/or replaced.
See Appendix A: Encryption Key Components in the back of this manual.