HglPj‘¢hJ
1 Hgjug¢lhJ 4
1.1 H™Vah¬HJ Hguhlm ggsblm 4
1.2 lsC‘g¢m ¥§m Hgjwk¢v 5
1.3 HsjO¬HlhJ Hg¥§h« 5
1.4 HgjOgW lK Hg¥§h« 5
1.5 g‘Pm HgjuV¢T 6
1.6 ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L 6
1.7 ”¢…¢m rVHxM ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L 6
2 Hg‘wT 7
2.1 Hg‘wT HguhL 7
3 HBsjO¬HL 9
3.1 Hgjug¢lhJ 9
3.2 Ulg¢hJ Hgjay¢G Hgjl§¢¬¢m 9
3.3 HsjO¬HL Hgl‘r¬ 01
4 Hgjk±¢T ‘Hgw¢hkm 32
4.1 Hgjug¢lhJ 32
4.2 jk±¢T H®s¨p 32
4.3 Hgjk±¢T H®sf‘Ud Hguh¬D 32
4.4 fŒv Hg¨uhL ‘Hg…qbJ 32
4.5 lh HgƒD ¢kfyd tugi td Phgm... 42
5 HgjVӢF 52
5.1 Hgj‘w¢G Hg”§Vfd 52
5.2 jug¢lhJ Hgsblm 72
5.3 rW •¥«Hx lK s¨p HgulG 72
5.4 HgjVӢF 82
kkwp fŒVHxM £ƒH Hg¬g¢G ¥¢¬H P¢E ¢Pj‘D Ugn ”htm Hgjug¢lhJ Hgl¨g‘fm ggP…h± Ugn Hgl±§V Hg¥lhgd gg¥§h«
‘w¢hkm Owhzwi Hg‘±¢…¢m.
gl«¢¬ lK Hglug‘lhJ P‘G Hglkjµ÷ j…qg‘H f«¢hVM Hgl‘rv H™g”jV‘kd: moc.gems.www
3
Hgjug¢lhJ
• j¥kF î¥VHx •D ju¬¢bJ Ugn £ƒH Hg¥§h«.
• j¥kF î¬OhG •a¢hx lu¬k¢m Ph¬M )•¬‘HJ
Hglhz¬M •‘ H®‘Hkd( td tjPhJ Hg¥§h«.
• j¥kF îwb– Hg¥§h« fk…s“ •‘ f¬‘K
HBsjuhkm f…kd lC£G.
• td PhG jgT ”fG Hgj‘w¢G fhg”§Vfhx’
HjwG f¶rVF lV”« gg¬UL Hg…kd Ugn Hg…‘V’
‘s¢j‘gn HglV”« Hsjf¬Hgi.
O¨V îgPhR H®qVHV fhg¥§h«
• j¥kF HsjO¬HL Hglk±²…hJ Hg”ha¨m •‘ Hglsffm
ggj‡”G )leG HglshP¢R ‘l«¢bJ HgfŒv
‘lŒaVHJ H®P‘HQ( td jk±¢T H®¥«Hx
Hg«¥h¥¢m.
• HsjO¬L •¬‘HJ Hg¨§d HgOaf¢m •‘
Hgfbsj¢”¢m.
• j¥kF Hg¥g‘S Ugn Hg¥§h«.
• j¥kF HsjO¬HL Hgk…hehJ HgfOhV¢m gjk±¢T
Hg¥§h«.
• B jŒL fïUhrm tjPhJ Hgj§‘¢m ‘tjPhJ
HgjOgW lK HgPVHVM.
• B jjV“ Hg¥§h« ¬‘K lVHrfm •ekhx Hg¨§d
P¢E r¬ jjsVF Hg«¢‘J •‘ Hg¬£‘K.
• j¥kF jV“ •a¢hx‰ Ugn s¨p Hg¨§d.
• B jsjO¬L Hgl‘r¬ td j¬tzm HgyVT l§lh ”hK
HgsfF.
1 Hgjug¢lhJ
1.1 H™Vah¬HJ Hguhlm ggsblm
O¨V H™whfm Hg¥s¬¢m
• ¢wfp Hgl‘r¬ shOk‰h ¥¬‰H •ekhx HBsjO¬HL
‘”ƒg“ •¥«HCI Hgjd ¢l”K Hg‘w‘G îg¢§h.
• j¥kF glS UkhwV HgjsO¢K •ekhx
HBsjO¬HL.
• •fR H®¨…hG ¬‘K sK Hgehlkm Ugn lshtm
›lkm td PhG U¬L Oq‘U§L g´aVHT
fhsjlVHV.
• ¢½P±„V k§hz¢‰h Ugn H®¨…hG HgufE fhg¥§h«.
• j¥kF ‘qv •¥shL lu¬k¢m leG Hgs”h”¢K
‘Hga‘“ ‘HglbUR ‘H®Y¨¢m Ugn Hg¥§h«
•ekhx HBsjO¬HL.
• •‘rT jay¢G Hg¥§h« fu¬ HBkj§hx lK
HBsjulhG lfhaVM.
• j¥kF hx HgPVHzR •‘ Hgg§F fhsjO¬HL
Hgl¢hI: •‘rT jay¢G Hg¥§h« ‘rL fïOlh¬
Hgg§F fhsjO¬HL f¨hk¢m PVHzR •‘ •D Y¨hx
›OV lkhsF.
• ¢P±V r¢hL H®¨…hG fulg¢hJ Hgjk±¢T
‘Hgw¢hkm f¬‘K îaVHT lK aOW fhg».
• H¥uG Hg…k¢¢K HglC£g¢K ¢Œ‘l‘K f¶UlhG
HgjV”¢F •‘ H™wbPhJ Hgjd jsjg«L
HglshU¬M ‘tŒ‰h ggluh¢¢V Hglul‘G f§h.
4
Hgjug¢lhJ
RA
1.3 HsjO¬HlhJ Hg¥§h«
• £ƒH Hg¥§h« lwlL gbsjO¬HL td ¨§d Hg¨uhL
¬HOG Hglk«G ‘fhgjhgd jujfV ¥l¢v HBsjO¬HlhJ
H®OVN Y¢V lkhsfm.
• r¬ ¢sjO¬L H®¨…hG lK sK 8 •U‘HL Ugn H®rG
£ƒH Hg¥§h« ‘”ƒg“ H®aOhW Hglwhf‘K fu¥«
td r¬VHj§L Hgf¬k¢m •‘ HgPs¢m •‘ Hgƒ£k¢m •‘ lK
¢u‘«£L HgOfVM td HsjO¬HL H®¥§«M Hg”§Vfhz¢m’
aV¢¨m •K ¢Oqv leG £ƒH HBsjO¬HL ™aVHT •‘
j‘¥¢i Hgfhgy¢K HglsC‘g¢K UK sblj§L.
• £ƒH Hg¥§h« Y¢V lwlL ggulG lv •¥§«M Hgj‘r¢J
HgOhV¥¢m •‘ •k±lm HgjP”L UK f½u¬.
1.4 HgjOgW lK Hg¥§h«
¢¥F HgjOgW lK £ƒH Hg¥§h« flu«G
UK Hgk…h¢hJ H®OVN ‘tŒ‰h gj‘¥¢§hJ
’
B ¢Pj‘D Hg¥§h« Ugn l‘H¬
)CE/59/2002’ CE/69/2002
CE/801/3002(
f”l¢hJ ”ht¢m ¢l”K HUjfhV£h O¨VM Ugn HgwPm
‘Hgf¢zm ‘tŒ‰h ggj‘¥¢§hJ H®‘V‘f¢m Hglul‘G f§h
Phg¢‰h.
ggjOgW lK Hg¥§h«:
• Hr¨v ”fG H™l¬H¬ fhg¨hrm ‘Hk«Ui £‘ ‘HgŒhfS.
¥§¬ lw¬V Hg¨hrm
O¨V HgwuR Hg”§Vfhzd
• HtwG Hglw¬V HgVz¢sd g´l¬H¬ fhg¨hrm.
• Hk«c rhfS Hg¥§h«.
t¢lh ¢OW £ƒH Hg¥§h«
• td Phgm HajlhG Hgl‘r¬ Ugn •¬HM î”jahT ®¬‘HJ
Hg¨§d’ tb jujl¬ Ug¢i fw‘VM PwV¢m.
• •OVœ •D ›ehV gge‘Hkd lK Hgy¨hx )îƒH ”hK
lV”f‰h( rfG Hg…jp.
• HjV“ s¨p Hg¨§d g¢fV¬ rfG YgR Hgy¨hx.
• td Phgm ‘¥‘¬ jaŒŒhJ •‘ jw¬UhJ •‘ ”hK
s¨p Hg¨§d HgO«td Hg«¥h¥d l”s‘V‰H’ tŒL
fhT jay¢G Hgl‘r¬ t‘V‰H. HtwG lw¬V Hg¨hrm
‘HjwG flV”« Hg¬UL Hg…kd.
• ¢¥F •K ¢PVW •‘gz“ Hgƒ¢K g¬¢§L qhf¨m
kfQ •‘ Y¢V ƒg“ lK H®¥§«M Hgllhegm lK U¬L
îP¬HE leG £ƒI H®¥§«M O¨V‰H td Hgl¥hG HgPed
td Hgk¨hR HgjV¬¬D 02 ‘05 ”¢g‘ £Vj«.
• HljehB‰ g©P”hL HgOhwm fhgj‘HtR
Hg”§V‘lykh¨¢sd’ ¢¶jd l‘r¬ Hg¨§d HgPed
Hg”§V‘lykh¨¢sd qlK Hgl¥l‘Um 2 ‘Hg…zm B
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1.2 lsC‘g¢m ¥§m Hgjwk¢v
B jjPlG ¥§m Hgjwk¢v •D lsC‘g¢m UK H®qVHV
Hgjd jgPR fh®aOhW •‘ Hglljg”hJ kj¢¥m:
• HsjO¬HL Hg¥§h« Ugn kP‘ Y¢V wP¢p.
• U¬L lVHUhM Hgjug¢lhJ Hg‘HV¬M td ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L.
• HgufE f¶D ¥«x lK •¥«Hx Hg¥§h«.
• HsjO¬HL r¨v Hgy¢hV Y¢V H®wg¢m.
5
Hgjug¢lhJ
1.7 ”¢…¢m rVHxM ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L
¢sjO¬L £ƒH Hg¬g¢G •UVHT HgŒVHxM Hgjhg¢m:
Hgjug¢lhJ
lug‘lhJ Uhlm UK £ƒH Hg¬g¢G ‘P‘G
Hgsblm ‘HgjOgW Hgk§hzd lK Hg¥§h«.
Hg‘wT
‘wT Hg¥§h« ‘lgPŒhji.
HBsjO¬HL
lug‘lhJ P‘G HsjO¬HL Hg¥§h« ‘lgPŒhji
‘jug¢lhJ Hg¨§d.
Hgjk±¢T ‘Hgw¢hkm
lug‘lhJ P‘G jk±¢T Hg¥§h« ‘w¢hkji
fa”G¸ sg¢L.
HgjVӢF
lug‘lhJ l‘¥§m îgn Hg…k¢¢K HglC£g¢K:
HgjV”¢F ‘Hgjay¢G ‘Hg…PW.
jug¢lhJ Hgsblm
lug‘lhJ
• rL fjsg¢L Hg¥§h« îgn lV”« îUh¬M Hgj¬‘¢V
HglOjW f¥lv Hgk…h¢hJ Hg”§Vfhz¢m ‘H™g”jV‘k¢m
•‘ rL fïUh¬ji îgn fhzv Hgj¥«zm Uk¬ aVHx lkjµ
llheG’ Ugl‰h f¶K¦ ƒg“ ¢”‘K glVM ‘HP¬M.
¢jL jufzm H®¥§«M Hgjd k½kj¥§h td l‘H¬ Y¢V lg‘em
‘rhfgm ggj¬‘¢V.
• rL fjsg¢L l‘H¬ Hgjyg¢T îgn lV”« îUh¬M
Hgj¬‘¢V HglOjW.
Hguf‘HJ Hgfbsj¢”¢m
O¨V HBOjkhR
• j¥kF jV“ Uf‘M Hg¥§h« •‘ •D ¥«x lk§h ¬‘K
Ukh¢m.
• B jslp g©¨…hG fhgguF fh®”¢hS Hgfbsj¢”¢m.
1.5 g‘Pm HgjuV¢T
jPj‘D g‘Pm HgjuV¢T Ugn Hgf¢hkhJ Hg…k¢m ‘HgVrL
HglsgsG ‘HBsL Hgj¥hVD gg¥§h«. B jk«c g‘Pm
HgjuV¢T ®D sfF.
1.6 ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L
¢u¬ ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L HgƒD f¢K •¢¬¢kh ¥«x‰H B ¢j¥«• lK
Hg¥§h« ‘¢¥F P…±i fhg”hlG td l”hK ¢l”K
gglsjO¬L Hg‘w‘G îg¢i ‘ƒg“ ¨¢gm l¬M UlG Hg¥§h«.
HrV• £ƒH Hg¬g¢G fukh¢m rfG HsjO¬HL Hg¥§h«.
kwhzp
1. jsgsG Hgjug¢lhJ Hgjd ¢kfyd HsjO¬Hl§h.
• H™Vah¬HJ gbsjO¬HL HgaOwd.
6
Hg‘wT
RA
2 Hg‘wT
2.1 Hg‘wT HguhL
83 sL 06 sL
09 sL
7
Hg‘wT
)‘HJ( *
F = l…hj¢p Hgg‘Pm H®lhl¢m
R = l…hj¢p Hgg‘Pm HgOg…¢m
P = l…hj¢p Hgg‘Pm Hg‘s¨n
XS = lk¨Œm Hg¨§d Hg¢sVN
TNC = lk¨Œm Hg¨§d Hg‘s¨n
XD = lk¨Œm Hg¨§d Hg¢lkn
C = l…hj¢p Hgg‘Pm Hguhlm
¥¬‘G •¬VHœ Hg¨hrm
Hg¨hrm Hglsj§g”m td ‘±¢…m Hg¨hrm
•rwn ¨hrm lsj§g”m
)‘HJ( *
• ¢jL jŒg¢G O¨V HgPV‘R k±V‰H gjsO¢K s¨p
Hg¨§d tŒ¨ •s…G rhU¬M HglŒbM’ llh ¢¥uG Hg¨uhL
Hg…hzQ B ¢gjwR.
lŒh¢¢S Hgg‘Pm
)lL(
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082 x 082 0073 0055
Hg”f¢VM
R-F
P
* ju¬ jg“ lsj‘¢hJ Hg¨hrm fhgjŒV¢F’ ‘r¬ jOjgT ‘tŒh gg‘Uhx HglsjO¬L ‘H™U¬H¬HJ Hgjd jL qf¨§h.
l«H¢h Hg¨§d HgPed
jL j«‘¢¬ Hg¥§h« fl‘g¬ PE g”G lk¨Œm
lK lkh¨R Hg¨§d. ¢Œv ”G l‘g¬ td •s…G
s¨p Hg¨§d HgO«td Hg«¥h¥d ‘¢‘tV
l¥hG ”§V‘lykh¨¢sd ‘HgƒD ¢Œ‘L f¬‘VI
fPE Hgj¢hV HgPVHVD td rhU¬M HglŒbM.
‘£ƒH ¢ukd •K HgPVHVM B jkjŒG lK Hgl‘r¬
îgn HglŒbM ‘g”k§h jka¶ lfhaVM ¬HOG
HglŒbM lK ObG Hgj¢hV HgPed.
• ¢u‘¬ j‘t¢V Hg¨hrm îgn HgkŒG HglfhaV gg¨hrm îgn
HglŒbM )¢ajV¨ ‘¥‘¬ •¬‘HJ ¨§d lykh¨¢s¢m
lbzlm( lŒhVkm fhg¨§d Hg”§Vfhzd HgjŒg¢¬D.
• ¢jL ju«¢« Hgsblm f…qG HkjŒhG Hg¨hrm tŒ¨ îgn
HglŒbM Hgl‘¥‘¬M Ugn Hgl‘r¬.
• ¢jL kŒG lsj‘N Hg¨hrm HglVj…v lK lk¨Œm Hg¨§d
HgPed îgn rhU¬M HglŒbM.
• sVUm HgjsO¢K Hgl¨g‘fm.
8
HBsjO¬HL
RA
¬V¥m HgPVHVM Hguhg¢m
O¨V ka‘F PV¢R •‘ P¬‘E Hk…¥hV
• j¥kF HsjO¬HL •‘ jV“ l‘H¬ rhfgm gbajuhG
fhgŒVF lK •‘ •s…G Hgl‘r¬ lfhaVM‰.
• B jŒL fhg¨§d fhsjO¬HL •‘Hkd •‘ Ph‘¢hJ lygŒm’
•‘ •¬H‘J l¨fo •‘ Ph‘¢hJ fbsj¢”¢m.
• B jjV“ Hg…VK ¬‘K lVHrfm •ekhx Hg¨§d’ tŒ¬
jjsVF Hg«¢‘J •‘ Hg¬£‘K.
• îƒH BP±J ‘¥‘¬ aŒ‘R •‘ w¬‘c •‘ gL jjl”K
lK hx Hg¥§h«’ thtwG lw¬V H™l¬H¬ fhgj¢hV
Hg”§Vfhzd ‘HjwG flV”« Hg¬UL.
s‘x HBsjO¬HL
O¨V jgT H®s¨p
• B jsjO¬L Hgl‘r¬ td Phgm P¬‘E ¬‘VM HkPbG
PVHVD ¬HOG •D tVK l‘¥‘¬ •¬kn Hgl‘r¬.
• HPVW Ugn U¬L ‘qv H®‘Hkd ƒHJ HgŒ‘HU¬
Y¢V Hglsj‘¢m ‘Hglgshx jlhl‰h.
• j¥kF sŒ‘¨ H®a¢hx Hgwgfm ‘Hglu¬k¢m Ugn
s¨p Hg¨§d.
• B jsjO¬L Hgl‘r¬ ”s¨p PhlG.
3 HBsjO¬HL
3.1 Hgjug¢lhJ
¬V¥m HgPVHVM Hguhg¢m
O¨V HgPV‘R
• HPLˆ ¢¬¢“ fhVj¬Hx r…h«HJ q¬¦ HgPVHVM •ekhx
HBsjO¬HL.
• B jglS s¨p Hgl‘r¬ •‘ jk±…i •ekhx jay¢gi •‘
Uk¬lh j”‘K lwhf¢p HglCaVHJ Hgjd j½a¢V îgn
‘¥‘¬ PVHVM ljfŒ¢m r¢¬ Hgjay¢G.
• B jqv H®‘U¢m Hg…hVYm •‘ •‘Hkd HgjPl¢V Ugn
lkh¨R ¨§d lajugm.
• j¥kF HrjVHF H®¨…hG ¬‘K sK 8 lK Hgl‘r¬
•ekhx Hgjay¢G.
• rL fjka¢¨ r…G Hgl…hj¢p Uk¬lh ¢”‘K g¬¢“ •¨…hG
•‘ P¢‘HkhJ •g¢…m r¬ jwG îgn Hgl‘r¬.
• fu¬ HBsjO¬HL j±G lkh¨R Hg¨§d shOkm‰ g…jVM
lP¬¬M lK Hg‘rJ fu¬ hT jay¢g§h. B jglS
•s¨p Hgl‘r¬.
9
HBsjO¬HL
rhzlm HgVl‘«
l…jh– jay¢G/hT: jay¢G Hgl‘r¬ •‘ hti.
l…jh– hT lCrJ: hT Hg¨§d lCrj‰h.
l…jh– r…G HgjP”L: lkv Hgjay¢G Y¢V HglŒw‘¬
ggl…hj¢p.
l…jh– Hg«¢h¬M: «¢h¬M ‘rJ Hg¨§d •‘ HglCrJ.
3.2 Ulg¢hJ Hgjay¢G Hgjl§¢¬¢m
ggjOgW lK •D V¨‘fm r¬ jjVH”L •ekhx Ulg¢m
Hgjwk¢v’ ‘”d julG Hg¬‘HzV H™g”jV‘k¢m ‘g‘Pm
l…hj¢p HgjP”L f¨V¢Œm sg¢lm:
1. •«G •aV¨m HgPlh¢m lK H®s¨p HgOhV¥¢m
ggl‘r¬ ‘lgPŒhji.
2. •«ˆG •D lgwŒhJ )U¬H UK g‘Pm Hgf¢hkhJ Hg…k¢m(.
3.3 HsjO¬HL Hgl‘r¬
l…jh– HgjŒg¢G: jŒg¢G ‘rJ Hg¨§d •‘ HglCrJ.
aV¢¨ HgjlV¢V: «¢h¬M •‘ O…Q lsj‘N Hg¨hrm.
l…jh– Hg‘±hzT HgOhwm: jka¢¨ Hg‘±hzT
HgOhwm gg¥§h«.
•¬‘HJ Hg¨§d Hglbzlm gbsjO¬HL td Hg¨§d HgPed
¢¥F •K j”‘K •¬‘HJ Hg¨§d HglsjO¬lm td Hg¨§d
HgPed lwk‘Um lK Hglu¬K ‘•K j”‘K g§h O‘HW
lykh¨¢s¢m ‘rhU¬M ”f¢VM Ugn kP‘¸ ”hT¸.
•¬‘HJ Hg¨§d Hglbzlm:
• •¬‘HJ Hg¨§d Hglwk‘Um lK Hg…‘Bƒ Hgl¨gd
fhgl¢kh ‘ƒ‘HJ HgŒ‘HU¬ Hgsl”¢m.
• •¬‘HJ Hg¨§d Hglwk‘Um lK HgP¬¢¬ Hglsf‘“
Hgl¨gd fhgl¢kh.
• •¬‘HJ Hg¨§d Hglwk‘Um lK Hg…‘Bƒ Y¢V HgŒhfG
ggw¬• ‘Hglju¬¬ Hg¨fŒhJ ‘Hg…‘Bƒ Y¢V HgŒhfG
ggw¬• HgP¬¢¬D ‘H®g‘lk¢‘L Hgl«‘¬ fŒhU¬M
Ohwm.
•¬‘HJ Hg¨§d Y¢V Hglbzlm:
• H®¬‘HJ Hglwk‘Um lK HgkPhS ‘Hg…‘Bƒ Y¢V
HgŒhfG ggw¬• ‘H®g‘lk¢‘L ‘Hg«¥hœ HglŒh‘L ggkhV
‘H®OahF ‘HgO«T ‘HgjVH”‘jh.
Uk¬ Hgj‘w¢G flw¬V j¢hV ”§Vfd Vz¢sd’
s¢jL î¥VHx Ulg¢m tPW jgŒhz¢m jqdx lK
Obg§h ¥l¢v Hglwhf¢p gfqv e‘HK.
jŒv ¥l¢v •¬‘HJ lVHrfm Hg¥§h« ‘HgjP”L t¢i fhgg‘Pm
H®lhl¢m. ¢jL HgjP”L td Hgl‘r¬ HgPed UK ¨V¢R
l…hj¢p HsjauhV HgjP”L fhgglS. HglS HgVl«
Hgl‘¥‘¬ Ugn Hgs¨p Hg«¥h¥d HgO«td fVtR.
¢w¬V w‘J w…¢V gj¶”¢¬ ”G glsm tu¦hgm.
01
HBsjO¬HL
RA
jP¬¢¬ l¬M Hg¨§d
¢Pj‘D Hgl‘r¬ Ugn ¥§h« jgŒhzd ¢P¬¬ l¬M
HBsjO¬HL.
td Phgm U¬L jy¢¢V îU¬H¬HJ lk¨Œm Hg¨§d’ tïK HgP¬
H®rwn gl¬M Hgjay¢G g”G lk¨Œm ¢ujl¬ Ugn lsj‘N
Hg¨hrm Hgl½P¬¬.
Uk¬lh ¢jL jka¢¨ Hg¥§h« gjP¬¢¬ l¬M HBsjO¬HL÷
¢j‘rT jay¢G lk¨Œm Hg¨§d’ ‘¢w¬V w‘J jkfi
rw¢V’ ‘îƒH ”hkJ lk¨Œm Hg¨§d shOkm‰÷ ¢±§V
gluVtm lh îƒH ”hkJ HglŒbM lkhsfm‰ lK U¬li÷ rV²F
lykh¨¢s‰h lK HgŒhU¬M’ tïƒH P¬E Hk¥ƒHF’ j”‘K
HglŒbM lkhsfm gg¨§d HgPed.
îƒH gL ¢”K g¬¢“ lykh¨¢s‰h’ ¢l”k“ ‘qv ”l¢m
wy¢VM lK Hgl¢hI td HglŒbM ‘‘qu§h td lk¨Œm
Hg¨§d eL jay¢G lk¨Œm Hg¨§d. îƒH ±§V •lhl“
HgVl« Ugn Hgaham’ t§ƒH ¢ukd •K HglŒbM Y¢V
lkhsfm.
HgVl« Ugn Hgaham.
HgP¬ H®rwn gl¬M Hg¨hrm
fhgshUhJ
qf¨ lsj‘N Hg¨hrm
1 ½ 8
2 ½ 6
3 ½ 5
4 ½ 4
5 ½ 3
6 ½ 2
7 ½ 2
82
9 ½ 1
B jsjO¬L s‘N •¬‘HJ Hg¨§d ƒHJ HgŒhU¬M
Hglsj‘¢m jlhl‰h ‘Hglbzlm ggl‘Hr¬ HgPe¢m.
¢jsfF HsjO¬HL •¬‘HJ Hg¨§d ƒHJ HgŒhU¬M
Y¢V Hglsj‘¢m td ‘¥‘¬ O¨V Ugn thUg¢m
k±hL HgjsO¢K llh r¬ ¢P‘G ¬‘K H”jahT
•¬HM Hg¨§d Ugn lk¨Œm Hg¨§d.
11
HgPlh¢m lK HgjsO¢K Hg«Hz¬
td Phgm HsjO¬HL Hgl‘r¬ f¨hrm ”hlgm g…jVM ¨‘¢gm’
Çàôû Çàã°Õˆ éÒ
àà´ØÑ )£ø(
j‘H¥i H®¥§«M H™g”jV‘k¢m la”gm td HgjfV¢¬ îƒH
”hkJ ¬V¥m PVHVM HgyVtm Uhg¢m.
gj¥kF HVj…hc ¬V¥m HgPVHVM fw‘VM l…V¨m td
5,31 x 2
5,42 x 1
H®¥§«M H™g”jV‘k¢m’ ¢jL jO…¢Q Hg¨hrm td lk¨Œm
Hg¨§d fw‘VM jgŒhz¢m.
)£ø(
9 5,11
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11 x 2
22 x 1
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Çàôû Ç€ûäˆ à´ØÑ Ç€°Çäï
Çàà°Í Ç࣪ù‰
R - F
ЗагдªШП ЗагихыыЙ
HBsjO¬HL
lsj‘¢hJ Hg¨hrm
¢l”K qf¨ ¨hrm lkh¨R Hg¨§d flsj‘¢hJ lju¬¬M.
¢‘qp Hg¥¬‘G lsj‘¢hJ Hg¨hrm Hglbzlm td •k‘Hc
Hg¨§d HglOjg…m.
lsj‘N Hg¨hrm lkhsF g:
0 îU¬H¬ FFO )hT(
¨§d ”l¢m rg¢gm lK Hg¨uhL
)•¬kn P¬ gg¨hrm(
¨§d ”l¢hJ ”f¢VM lK Hg¨uhL ‘jPl¢W
•¥«Hx ”f¢VM
Hga‘Hx ‘HgjPl¢V ‘Hg¨§d
)f¶Ugn lsj‘N gg¨hrm(
1 - 2
3 - 4 Hg¨§d
5 - 6
7 - 8 HgjPl¢W ‘HgjPl¢V Hgf¨dx lv Hg¬r¢R
9 HgjPl¢W
* P
* Hk±V ‘±¢…m Hg¨hrm
kwhzp P‘G j‘t¢V Hg¨hrm
• ´³ШС ´ªЪЮыЙ °ЪªБ ЗаШзп н„И Га¾ª нщС³л Ъ‰ фы°ы
г£ªф¬ ЪС» гдШЮ´¬ ЗаШзп ЗагШй°Ъ¬ йдяªш
За¨ª¨¬ ЗафСнСн¬.
• н„И Ъыш °Цœ Г°Здп °Г°Ън¬ Шзˆ щªСл г³фнШ
´³ШС гдШ´¬ ЗаШзп Г° т°П гтªинƒ Заи¨ънб
З€гªгн¾¬.
• Uk¬ aVHx ‘Uhx÷ j¶”¬ llh îƒH ”hK HgŒ¨V HglahV
îg¢i £‘ k…S r¨V HgŒhU¬M •‘ Hg¥«x Hgug‘D
gg‘Uhx’ k±V‰H ®K Hg¥«x Hgug‘D Yhgf‰h lh ¢”‘K
•”fV lK HgŒhU¬M.
• Uk¬ jPq¢V H®¨fhR Hgjd jsjyVR tjVHJ ¨‘¢gm÷
¢l”k“ j‘t¢V Hg‘rJ ‘Hg¨hrm fhsjO¬HL ‘Uhx
Hg¨§d fhgqy¨’ t§‘ ¢Pj…± •¢q‰h fhg…¢jhl¢khJ
td Hg¨uhL.
•
j¶”¬ •K ‘Uhx Hg¨§d fhgqy¨ ¢Pj‘D Ugn ”l¢m
”ht¢m lK HgshzG. ‘îƒH ”hkJ £ƒI Hg”l¢m Y¢V ”ht¢m
jay¢G Hgl‘r¬ •‘ hT jay¢gi
gjka¢¨ Hgl‘r¬÷ Hqy¨ Ugn Hgl…jh– jay¢G/ hT
gl¬M B jŒG UK 1 ehk¢m. gjka¢¨ Hgl‘r¬÷ Hqy¨ Ugn
Hgl…jh– jay¢G/ hT gl¬M B jŒG UK 2 ehk¢m.
‘jL HgjsO¢K jsO¢k‰h l…V¨‰h’ tŒ¬ ¢C¬D ƒg“ îgn jgT
”G lK ‘Uhx Hg¨§d fhgqy¨ ‘lk¨Œm Hg¨§d.
• rL fjy¨¢m H®‘U¢m ¬Hzl‰h fy¨hx lkhsF îK •l”K.
• HOjV ‘Uhx‰ lkhsf‰h g”l¢m Hg¨uhL HglVH¬ ¨§¢§h.
jC¬D H®‘U¢m Hg”f¢VM ‘HgkwT thVYm îgn jf¬¢¬
îƒH gL ¢jL jP¬¢¬ r¢lm Hg¨hrm ObG fqv
e‘HK¸’ ¢jL hT Hgl‘r¬ jgŒhz¢‰h.
Hg¨hrm.
td fuQ HgPhBJ îƒH ”hK Hgl‘r¬ ‘Hg…VK
lsjO¬l¢K td Hg‘rJ k…si’ ¢l”K j¥h‘«
HgP¬ H®rwn gg¨hrm HglsjO¬L td Hg¥§h«
HgӤVfhzd.
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