HglPj‘¢hJ
1 Hgjug¢lhJ 4
1.1 jug¢lhJ Hgsblm Hguhlm 4
1.2 lsC‘g¢m ¥§m Hgjwk¢v 5
1.3 HsjO¬HlhJ Hg¥§h« 5
1.4 HgjOgW lK Hg¥§h« 5
1.5 g‘Pm HgjuV¢T 6
1.6 ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L 6
1.7 ”¢…¢m rVHxM ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L 6
2 Hg‘wT 7
2.1 Hg‘wT HguhL 7
2.2 s¨p Hgl‘r¬ 8
2.3 g‘Pm HgjP”L 8
2.4 H®¥«Hx H®OVN 9
2.5 HglgPŒhJ Hglj‘tVM 01
3 HBsjO¬HL 11
3.1 Hgjug¢lhJ 11
3.2 •‘G HsjO¬HL 21
3.3 HsjO¬HL HglgPŒhJ 21
3.4 HsjO¬HL Hgl‘r¬ 51
3.5 HsjO¬HL Hg…VK 61
3.6 HsjO¬HL P¥¢VM HgjO«¢K 81
3.7 îVah¬HJ Hg¨§d 81
3.8 shUm HglfVlµ 02
4 Hgjk±¢T ‘Hgw¢hkm 42
4.1 Hgjug¢lhJ 42
4.2 jk±¢T Hg¥§h« 42
4.3 t“ HgfhF 52
4.4 jk±¢T «¥hœ HgfhF 62
4.5 t“ H®g‘H– Hg«¥h¥¢m Hg¬HOg¢m 62
4.6 naelC ropaV )Hgjk±¢T fhgfOhV( 82
4.7 Hgw¢hkm HBsjekhz¢m 03
5 HgjVӢF 23
5.1 j‘w¢bJ Hgyh« 23
5.2 Hgj”¢T lv •k‘Hc Hgyh« HglOjg…m 53
5.3 ju¢¢K l‘qv Hg¥§h« 04
5.4 Hgj‘w¢G Hg”§Vfhzn 44
kkwp fŒVHxM £ƒH Hg¬g¢G fukh¢m P¢E ¢Pj‘D Ugn ”htm Hgjug¢lhJ Hgl¨g‘fm ggP…h± Ugn Hgl±§V Hg¥lhgd
gg¥§h« ‘w¢hkm Owhzwi Hg‘±¢…¢m.
gl«¢¬ lK Hglug‘lhJ P‘G Hglkjµ÷ j…qg‘H f«¢hVM Hgl‘rv H™g”jV‘kd: moc.gems.www
3
Hgjug¢lhJ
• j¥kF î¬OhG •a¢hx lu¬k¢m Ph¬M )•¬‘HJ
Hglhz¬M •‘ H®‘Hkd( td tjPhJ Hg¥§h«.
• j¥kF îwb– Hg¥§h« fk…s“ •‘ f¬‘K
HBsjuhkm f…kd lC£G.
• td PhG jgT ”fG Hgj‘w¢G fhg”§Vfhx’
HjwG f¶rVF lV”« gg¬UL Hg…kd Ugn
Hg…‘V’ ‘s¢j‘gn HglV”« Hsjf¬Hgi.
O¨V îgPhR H®qVHV fhg¥§h«
• j¥kF HsjO¬HL Hglk±²…hJ Hg”ha¨m •‘
Hglsffm ggj‡”G )leG HglshP¢R ‘l«¢bJ
HgfŒv ‘H™s…k¥hJ Hglu¬k¢m( td jk±¢T
H®¥«Hx Hg«¥h¥¢m.
• HsjO¬L •¬‘HJ Hg¨§d HgOaf¢m •‘
Hgfbsj¢”¢m.
• j¥kF Hg¥g‘S Ugn Hg¥§h«.
• j¥kF HsjO¬HL Hgk…hehJ HgfOhV¢m gjk±¢T
Hg¥§h«.
• B jŒL fïUhrm tjPhJ Hgj§‘¢m ‘tjPhJ
jf¬¢¬ HgPVHVM.
• B jjV“ Hg¥§h« ¬‘K lVHrfm •ekhx Hg¨§d
P¢E r¬ jjsVF Hg«¢‘J •‘ Hg¬£‘K.
• j¥kF jV“ •a¢hx Ugn s¨p Hg¨§d.
• B jsjO¬L Hg…VK td j¬tzm HgyVT l§lh
”hK HgsfF.
1 Hgjug¢lhJ
1.1 jug¢lhJ Hgsblm Hguhlm
O¨V H™whfm Hg¥s¬¢m
• ¢wfp Hgl‘r¬ shOk‰h ¥¬‰H •ekhx HBsjO¬HL
‘”ƒg“ •¥«HCI Hgjd ¢l”K Hg‘w‘G îg¢§h.
• j¥kF glS UkhwV HgjsO¢K •ekhx
HBsjO¬HL.
• •fu¬ H®¨…hG ¬‘K sK Hgehlkm flshtm ›lkm
td PhG U¬L ‘¥‘¬ îaVHT lsjlV lK
aOW fhg».
• ¢½P±„V Ugn H®¨…hG HgufE fhg¥§h«
k§hz¢‰h.
• j¥kF ‘qv H®¥shL Hglu¬k¢m leG
Hgs”h”¢K ‘Hga‘“ ‘HglbUR ‘H®Y¨¢m
Ugn Hgl‘r¬ •ekhx HBsjO¬HL.
• •‘rT jay¢G Hg¥§h« fu¬ HBkj§hx lK
HBsjO¬HL lfhaVM.
• j¥kF hx HgPVHzR •‘ Hgg§F fhsjO¬HL
Hgl¢hI: •‘rT jay¢G Hg¥§h« ‘rL fïOlh¬
Hgg§F fhsjO¬HL f¨hk¢m PVHzR •‘ •D
Y¨hx ›OV lkhsF.
• ¢P±V r¢hL H®¨…hG fulg¢hJ Hgjk±¢T
‘Hgw¢hkm f¬‘K îaVHT lK aOW fhg».
• HsjO¬L Hg…k¢¢K HglC£g¢K ggŒ¢hL f¶UlhG
HgjV”¢F •‘ H™wbPhJ Hgjd jsjg«L
HglshU¬M ‘tŒ‰h ggluh¢¢V Hglul‘G f§h.
• j¥kF î¥VHx •D ju¬¢bJ Ugn £ƒH
Hg¥§h«.
4
Hgjug¢lhJ
1.4 HgjOgW lK Hg¥§h«
¢¥F HgjOgW lK £ƒH Hg¥§h« flu«G
UK Hgk…h¢hJ H®OVN )‘tŒ‰h ggj‘¥¢§hJ
CE/59/2002 ‘CE/69/2002
‘CE/801/3002(. B ¢Pj‘D Hg¥§h« Ugn
l‘H¬ f”l¢hJ ”ht¢m ¢l”K HUjfhV£h O¨VM Ugn
HgwPm ‘Hgf¢zm ‘tŒ‰h ggj‘¥¢§hJ H®‘V‘f¢m Hglul‘G
f§h Phg¢‰h.
ggjOgW lK Hg¥§h«:
• Hr¨v ”hfG H™l¬H¬ fhg¨hrm ‘jOgW lki £‘
‘HgŒhfS.
¥§¬ lw¬V Hg¨hrm
O¨V HgwuR Hg”§Vfhzd
• HtwG Hglw¬V HgVz¢sd g´l¬H¬ fhg¨hrm.
• Hk«c rhfS Hg¥§h«.
• rL fjsg¢L Hg¥§h« îgn lV”« îUh¬M Hgj¬‘¢V
HglOjW f¥lv Hgk…h¢hJ Hg”§Vfhz¢m ‘H™g”jV‘k¢m
•‘ rL fïUh¬ji îgn fhzv Hgj¥«zm Uk¬ aVHx lkjµ
llheG’ Ugl‰h f¶K¦ ƒg“ ¢”‘K glVM ‘HP¬M.
t¢lh ¢OW £ƒH Hg¥§h«
• j¶”¬ lK hT jay¢G Hg¥§h« rfG Hsjf¬HG
Hglwfh–.
• j¥kF ‘qv •D Pl‘gm Ugn fhF Hg¥§h« Hgl…j‘–
•‘ Hg¥g‘S Ug¢i.
• HPVW Ugn •B¦ j”‘K £kh“ •¥shL UhgŒm fhgfhF.
1.2 lsC‘g¢m ¥§m Hgjwk¢v
B jjPlG ¥§m Hgjwk¢v •D lsC‘g¢m UK H®qVHV
Hgjd jgPR fh®aOhW •‘ Hglljg”hJ kj¢¥m:
• HsjO¬HL Hg¥§h« Ugn kP‘ Y¢V wP¢p.
• U¬L lVHUhM Hgjug¢lhJ Hg‘HV¬M td ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L.
• HgufE f¶D ¥«x lK •¥«Hx Hg¥§h«.
• HsjO¬HL r¨v Y¢hV Y¢V •wg¢m.
1.3 HsjO¬HlhJ Hg¥§h«
• £ƒH Hg¥§h« lwlL gbsjO¬HL td ¨§d Hg¨uhL
¬HOG Hglk«G ‘fhgjhgd jujfV ¥l¢v HBsjO¬HlhJ
H®OVN Y¢V lkhsfm.
• r¬ ¢sjO¬L H®¨…hG lK sK 8 •U‘HL Ugn H®rG
£ƒH Hg¥§h« ‘”ƒg“ H®aOhW Hglwhf‘K fu¥«
td r¬VHj§L Hgf¬k¢m •‘ HgPs¢m •‘ Hgƒ£k¢m •‘ lK
¢u‘«£L HgOfVM td HsjO¬HL H®¥§«M Hg”§Vfhz¢m’
aV¢¨m •K ¢Oqv leG £ƒH HBsjO¬HL ™aVHT •‘
j‘¥¢i Hgfhgy¢K HglsC‘g¢K UK sblj§L.
• £ƒH Hg¥§h« Y¢V lwlL ggulG lv •¥§«M Hgj‘r¢J
HgOhV¥¢m •‘ •k±lm HgjP”L UK f½u¬.
5
Hgjug¢lhJ
1.7 ”¢…¢m rVHxM ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L
¢sjO¬L £ƒH Hg¬g¢G •UVHT HgŒVHxM Hgjhg¢m:
Hgjug¢lhJ
lug‘lhJ Uhlm UK £ƒH Hg¬g¢G ‘P‘G
Hgsblm ‘HgjOgW Hgk§hzd lK Hg¥§h«.
Hg‘wT
‘wT Hg¥§h« ‘lgPŒhji.
HBsjO¬HL
lug‘lhJ P‘G HsjO¬HL Hg¥§h« ‘lgPŒhji
‘jug¢lhJ Hg¨§d.
Hgjk±¢T ‘Hgw¢hkm
lug‘lhJ P‘G jk±¢T Hg¥§h« ‘w¢hkji
fa”G¸ sg¢L.
HgjVӢF
lug‘lhJ l‘¥§m îgn Hg…k¢¢K HglC£g¢K:
HgjV”¢F ‘Hgjay¢G ‘Hg…PW.
jug¢lhJ Hgsblm
¢jL jufzm H®¥§«M Hgjd k½kj¥§h td l‘H¬ Y¢V lg‘em
‘rhfgm ggj¬‘¢V.
• rL fjsg¢L l‘H¬ Hgjyg¢T îgn lV”« îUh¬M Hgj¬‘¢V
HglOjW.
Hguf‘HJ Hgfbsj¢”¢m
O¨V HBOjkhR
• j¥kF jV“ Uf‘M Hg¥§h« •‘ •D ¥«x lk§h ¬‘K
Ukh¢m.
• B jslp g©¨…hG fhgguF fh®”¢hS Hgfbsj¢”¢m.
1.5 g‘Pm HgjuV¢T
jPj‘D g‘Pm HgjuV¢T Ugn Hgf¢hkhJ Hg…k¢m ‘HgVrL
HglsgsG ‘HBsL Hgj¥hVD gg¥§h«. B jk«c g‘Pm
HgjuV¢T ®D sfF.
1.6 ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L
¢u¬ ¬g¢G HglsjO¬L HgƒD f¢K •¢¬¢kh ¥«x‰H B ¢j¥«• lK
Hg¥§h« ‘¢¥F P…±i fhg”hlG td l”hK ¢l”K
gglsjO¬L Hg‘w‘G îg¢i ‘ƒg“ ¨¢gm l¬M UlG Hg¥§h«.
HrV• £ƒH Hg¬g¢G fukh¢m rfG HsjO¬HL Hg¥§h«.
lug‘lhJ
kwhzp
1. jsgsG Hgjug¢lhJ Hgjd ¢kfyd HsjO¬Hl§h.
• H™Vah¬HJ gbsjO¬HL HgaOwd.
6
Hg‘wT
2 Hg‘wT
2.1 Hg‘wT HguhL
6 HgfhF
7 HglV‘Pm
8 P¥VM HgjO«¢K
VT î¨hV Hg¬UL gg¬Vœ /HgVT
7
1 Hglsk¬
2 s¨p Hgl‘r¬
3 g‘Pm HgjP”L
4 lwfh– Hg…VK
5 Hgs¬H¬M
Hg‘wT
2.2 s¨p Hgl‘r¬
R = sV¢um
RU = thzŒm HgsVUm
‘™¨…hx HgaubJ rL fïUh¬M HglŒhfQ îgn Hgl‘qv .
2 lwfh– HglCaV
¢qdx lwfh– HglCaV g´ahVM îgn •ki ¥hVD
jsO¢K Hg…VK. ¢k¨…° £ƒH Hglwfh– fl¥V¬ Hg‘w‘G
îgn ¬V¥m HgPVHVM Hglqf‘¨m. ‘¢q° fw‘VM
lkj±lm g´ahVM îgn efhJ ¬V¥m HgPVHVM Hglqf‘¨m
¬HOG Hg…VK.
XUA = lshU¬ˆm
RS = afi sV¢um
2.3 g‘Pm HgjP”L
1 HglŒhfQ HgOhwm fl‘r¬ s¨p Hg…VK
j½sjO¬L £ƒI HglŒhfQ ™auhG aubJ s¨p Hgl‘r¬
‘qf¨§h.
Hqy¨ Ugn £ƒI HglŒhfQ ‘•¬V£h td U”S Hj¥hI
PV”m UŒhVF HgshUm îgn •K jwG îgn HgŒ¢lm
™auhG HgaubJ ƒHJ Hgwgm. gqf¨ lsj‘N Hgg§F’
•¬V HglŒhfQ f¢K îU¬H¬ HgP¬ H®rwn •‘ HgP¬
H®¬kn .
8
Hg‘wT
lV‘Pm HgjfV¢¬
jfV²¬ HglV‘Pm Hg…VK ‘¢jL jay¢g§h •ekhx Hg¨§d.
julG HglVH‘– Ugn j¬tR Hg§‘Hx ggOhVœ fa”G ehfJ
lK Hg¥«x HgOg…d gg¥§h« ‘r¬ ¢sjlV ƒg“ Hgj¬tR
g…jVM rw¢VM Pjn fu¬ hT jay¢G Hg¥§h«.
j¥kF s¬ tjPhJ Hgj§‘¢m ‘tjPhJ jf¬¢¬
HgPVHVM.
H™qhxM Hg¬HOg¢m
julG lwhf¢p H™qhxM Hg¬HOg¢m gg¥§h«:
• Uk¬ tjp HgfhF.
•
Uk¬lh ¢jL jP¬¢¬ •D ‘±¢…m fu¢¬‰H UK ‘±¢…m .
3 lŒfQ ¬V¥m HgPVHVM
¢j¢p £ƒH HglŒfQ jP¬¢¬ ¬V¥m PVHVM Hg¨§d.
rL fj¬‘¢V HglŒfQ td Hj¥hI UŒhVF HgshUm
gg‘w‘G îgn HgŒ¢lm Hgl¨g‘fm lh f¢K îU¬H¬ HgP¬
H®¬kn ‘HgP¬ H®rwn.
4 shUm HgfVl¥m
qf¨ Ulg¢hJ Hg¨§d HglfVl¥m ‘lCrJ Hgjƒ”¢V
fhg¬rhzR’ guVQ Hg‘rJ HgPhgd.
5 lŒfQ Hg‘±hzT
jkhsF ‘±hzT Hg…VK Hgljk‘Um •‘qhc Hg¨§d
HglOjg…m. Hqf¨ ¬V¥m PVHVM Hg¨§d fhsjO¬HL
lŒfQ HgjP”L td ¬V¥m HgPVHVM fu¬ jP¬¢¬ Hg‘±¢…m
Hgl¨g‘fm.
2.4 H®¥«Hx H®OVN
Hgl¥hVD
¢qL Hg…VK U¬M l¥hVD g‘qv H®VtT ‘H®¬VHœ
Ugn HVj…hUhJ lOjg…m. ‘jj¬Vœ HVj…hUhJ Hg…jPm
lK H®s…G îgn H®Ugn )Hk±V Hg…wG 2.1 Hg‘wT
HguhL(.
9
Hg‘wT
Hgw¢k¢m Hgs…g¢m
j½sjO¬„L gj¥l¢v Hg¬£‘K Hgkhj¥m UK H®¨ulm
Hgl‘q‘Um Ugn HgVT •Ub£h.
Hga‘H¢m
jkhsF ¨§d Hg¬¥hœ ‘”G H®¨ulm Hgjd jj¨gF
Hg¨§d HgljlheG Ugn Hgs¨p f¶”lgi.
2.5 HglgPŒhJ Hglj‘tVM
B j½VtR ”G HglgPŒhJ lv fuQ
Hg¨VH«HJ.
lwyVHJ HgPgŒm
jsjO¬L Uk¬ Hg¨§d fhsjO¬HL H®‘Hkd Hgwy¢VM.
PgŒm •‘U¢m Hg¨§d Hgw¢k¢m
lkhsF gg¨§d Uk¬ HsjO¬HL •‘U¢m Hg¨§d Hgw¢k¢m.
HgVT
jL jwk¢v HglgPŒhJ Hglblsm g©¨ulm
lK l‘H¬ jj…R ‘•P”hL HgjaV¢uhJ HgPhg¢m.
¢l”K ¨gF HglgPŒhJ HglVtŒm ‘HBOj¢hV¢m
lK lVH”« Hg¬UL Hglujl¬M. B jsjO¬L
s‘N HglgPŒhJ H®wg¢m Hgjd j‘tV£h ¥§m
Hgjwk¢v.
¢½sjO¬L g¬UL H®‘Hkd Hglljgzm fhg¨uhL •ekhx Hg¨§d.
01
HBsjO¬HL
s‘x HBsjO¬HL
O¨V jgT H®s¨p
• j¥kF jy¨¢m Hg¥«x Hgs…gd lK j¥‘¢T Hg…VK
fhsjO¬HL ‘VR H®gl‘k¢‘L •‘ VrhzR HgŒw¬¢V.
• îƒH ”kJ jVYF td HsjO¬HL ‘VR lŒh‘L ggaP‘L’
tqui fP¢E B ¢ujVQ ¬‘VM Hg§‘Hx HgshOK
¬HOG Hg…VK.
• j¥kF ‘jqv H®‘Hkd •‘ Hgw‘Hkd lfhaVM‰ Ugn
Hg¥«x Hgs…gd gj¥‘¢T Hg…VK.
• B jsjO¬L HgfhF ‘£‘ l…j‘– gj‘t¢V lshPm
g‘qv H®‘Hkd •‘ Hgw‘Hkd Ugn g‘– Hg«¥hœ
Hg¬HOgd.
• B js”F Hgl¢hI Ugn Hgw‘Hkd HgshOkm ¥¬‰H
lfhaVM.
• ¢¥F ‘qv •‘Hkd Hg¨§d •‘ Hgw‘Hkd ¬HOG
lP¢¨ s¨p Hg…VK.
• ¢¥F •K jPj‘D ”htm H®‘Hkd Ugn r‘HU¬
ls¨Pm ‘lgshx.
• ‘td PhG Hks”hF HgshzG’ rL fï«Hgm £ƒI
HBks”hfhJ lK s¨p Hgl‘r¬.
¬V¥m HgPVHVM lVj…um ¬HOG P¥¢VM
HgjO«¢K
O¨V HgPV‘R
• j¥kF tjp HgP¥¢VM •ekhx jay¢G Hg…VK •‘ Uk¬lh
¢”‘K shOkh.
• r¬ jwfp HgukhwV Hgl‘¥‘¬M ¬HOG P¥¢VM
HgjO«¢K shOkm ¥¬‰H fu¬ HsjO¬HL Hg…VK.
3 HBsjO¬HL
3.1 Hgjug¢lhJ
HVj…hc ¬V¥m HgPVHVM ¬HOG Hg…VK •ekhx
HBsjO¬HL
O¨V HgPV‘R
• HfR fhF Hg…VK lygŒh •ekhx Hg¨§d.
• HPL ¢¬¢“ fhVj¬Hx r…h«HJ lŒh‘lm ggPVHVM Uk¬
kŒG Hg¨uhL lK ¬HOG Hg…VK.
• j¥kF glS UkhwV HgjsO¢K Hgl‘¥‘¬M ¬HOG
Hg…VK.
• j¥kF s”F Hgl¢hI Ugn Hgw‘Hkd HgshOkm ¥¬‰H
lfhaVM.
• HPVW Ugn îfuh¬ H®¨…hG H®rG lK 8 sk‘HJ
•ekhx HsjO¬HL Hg¥§h«.
• Uk¬ HgPh¥m îgn jPV¢“ Hg¨uhL •ekhx Hg¨§d •‘
kŒgi fu¬ HBkj§hx lK Hg¨§d÷ Htjp HgfhF flŒ¬HV
5 sL gfqv e‘HK ggslh– ggfOhV fhgOV‘œ’ eL
HtjPi fhg”hlG.
s‘x HBsjO¬HL
O¨V HgPV‘R
• j¶”¬ lK ‘¥‘¬ •Y¨¢m fhUehJ Hgg§F td
l‘Hqu§h HgwP¢Pm ‘”ƒg“ •Y¨¢m HgaubJ
HgOhwm f”G¸ lk§h.
• r¬ jajuG Hg«¢‘J ‘Hg¬£‘K Uk¬ HVj…hc ¬V¥m
PVHVj§h fa”G¸ l…V¨’ gƒH j‘— HgPƒV.
11
HBsjO¬HL
3.3 HsjO¬HL HglgPŒhJ
lwyVHJ HgPgŒm
¢¥F ‘qv lwyVHJ HgPgŒm Ugn af”hJ aubJ
Hgl‘r¬’ j¶”¬ lK ‘qu§h f¨V¢Œm wP¢Pm.
HVj…hc ¬V¥m HgPVHVM ¬HOG Hg…VK •ekhx
HBsjO¬HL
O¨V ka‘F PV¢R •‘ P¬‘E Hk…¥hV
• j¥kF VA Hglkj¥hJ Hgjd jVA ¬HOG Hg…VK.
• j¥kF HsjO¬HL •‘ jV“ l‘H¬ rhfgm gbajuhG
fhgŒVF lK Hg…VK •‘ td P¥¢VM HgjO«¢K.
• j¥kF HsjO¬HL •¬‘HJ Hg¨fo •‘ H®‘U¢m
Hglwk‘Um lK Hgfbsj¢“ Uk¬ ¨§d Hg¨uhL.
• j¥kF ‘qv HgugF •‘ H®‘U¢m Hglu¬k¢m lP”lm
HgygR ¬HOG Hg…VK.
• B jjV“ Hg…VK ¬‘K lVHrfm •ekhx Hg¨§d P¢E r¬
jjsVF Hg«¢‘J •‘ Hg¬£‘K.
• rL fïOVHœ Hgw‘Hkd ‘H®VtT Hgjd B jPjhœ îg¢§h
•ekhx Hg¨§d.
3.2 •‘G HsjO¬HL
1. t“ •D aV¢¨ Plh¢m lK ¬HOG Hgl‘r¬ •‘ s¨Pi
HgOhV¥d flh td ƒg“ HglgPŒhJ.
2. Hk«c •D lgwŒhJ )U¬H g‘Pm Hgf¢hkhJ Hg…k¢m( lK
HglgPŒhJ ‘P¥¢VM Hg…VK.
3. t“ ¥l¢v lgPŒhJ Hg…VK ‘HYsg§h )Hk±V
4 Hgjk±¢T ‘Hgw¢hkm(.
4. •auG Hg…VK ‘£‘ thVX f¶rwn ¬V¥m PVHVM
gPVR •D fŒh¢h UhgŒm lK Ulg¢m Hgjwk¢v.
21
HBsjO¬HL
Hga‘H¢m
1. H¬OG 4 ‘wbJ lVtŒm td tjPhJ 4 «‘H¢h
ggw¢k¢m Hgs…g¢m ‘Vf¨§h fwl‘BJ HgPgŒm
fhsjO¬HL H®¬HM Hglkhsfm )”l…“ Hglshl¢V(.
2. qv ¬UhzL Hga‘H¢m ¬HOG Hg‘wbJ ”lh £‘
l‘qp fhga”G Hgjhgd.
H®VtT ‘Hgw‘Hkd
¢¥F î¬OhG H®VtT ‘Hgw‘Hkd td Hgl‘¥§hJ
Hg¥hkf¢m îgn •K jŒT Uk¬ P¬ Hgk§h¢m.
¢¥F •K j”‘K •r…hG Hgsblm Hgl¢”hk¢”¢m Hgjd jlkv
HgVT lK HBk«BR fhj¥hI HgOhVœ fa”G UVqd¦
l‘H¥§m îgn •s…G ‘fhj¥hI Hg¥hkF HgOg…d gg…VK.
•¬OG H®VtT ‘Hgw‘Hkd td l”hk§h ¬HOG
Hg…VK fVtR îgn •K jj‘rT.
k±²T Hgw‘Hkd rfG HsjO¬Hl§h gglVM
H®‘gn ‘ƒg“ ™«Hgm •D fŒh¢h Og…j§h Ulg¢m
Hgjwk¢v.
31
HBsjO¬HL
5. qv Hg¬Vœ Ugn •‘G l¥VN )Hk±V "Hg‘wT
HguhL"(.
6. •¬OG ¨VT Hgul‘¬ td lf¢J lPV“ Hga‘H¢m td
Hg¥hkF H®¢sV ggPhz¨ HgOg…d gg…VK.
¢¥F î¥VHx £ƒI Hgulg¢hJ •ekhx j‘rT
Hg…VK UK Hgjay¢G ‘Uk¬lh ¢”‘K fhV¬H.
3. rL fj¥§¢« Hg¨uhL Ugn s¢o Hga‘H¢m lsjO¬l‰h
Hga‘”hJ HglVtŒm. ¢l”K îP”hL Vf¨ £ƒI
Hga‘”hJ HglVtŒm fhsjO¬HL lshl¢V Hgjef¢J.
4. ‘fl¥V¬ HBkj§hx lK j¥§¢« s¢o Hga‘H¢m’ qui
Ugn Hg¬UhlhJ. •¬OG ¨VT Hgul‘¬ td lf¢J
HgjV”¢fm gg¬Uhlm Hg¢sVN îgd •K ¢j‘rT.
qv fuQ Hglhx td Hg¬Vœ glkv HkfuhE
Hg¬OhK.
7.
gjka¢¨ Hga‘H¢m gT lŒfQ Hg‘±¢…m îgn ‘qv
‘Hqf¨ ¬V¥m PVHVM Hg¨§d fhsjO¬HL lŒfQ
¬V¥m HgPVHVM.
41
HBsjO¬HL
3.4 HsjO¬HL Hgl‘r¬
jŒv ¥l¢v •¬‘HJ lVHrfm Hg¥§h« ‘HgjP”L t¢i fhgg‘Pm
H®lhl¢m. ¢jL j‘q¢p Hgaugm f¥‘HV ”G lŒfQ ¢jP”L
t¢§h. Hg¥§h« l«‘¬ f¥§h« îauhG îg”jV‘kd. g¢S
Ug¢“ s‘N Hgqy¨ Ugn HglŒfQ ‘j¬‘¢VI U”S
Hj¥hI UŒhVF HgshUm îgn Vl« •rwn g§F Pjn
jajuG Hgaugm. ‘îK gL jajuG Hgaugm td •‘G 51
ehk¢m’ •¬V HglŒfQ îgn ‘Hkj±V gl¬M 06 ehk¢m
rfG îUh¬M HglPh‘gm. ‘fu¬ H™auhG’ HsjlV td
Hgqy¨ Ugn HglŒfQ ge‘HK lu¬‘¬M ggslh– fjsO¢K
Hgl«¬‘œ HgPVHVD.
‘r¬ jk¨…° Hgaugm îƒH jPVV HglŒfQ: ‘ƒg“ gu¬L
jsO¢K Hgl«¬‘œ HgPVHVD f¬V¥m¸ ”ht¢m. Hkj±V
gP±hJ rg¢gm’ eL ”VV Hgulg¢m. HsjlV td Hgqy¨
Ugn HglŒfQ g…jVM ¨‘¢gm.
td PhG Hk¨…hx Hgl‘r¬ ¬‘K rw¬’ s¢jL
jka¢¨ ¥§h« H®lhK’ llh ¢ukd r¨v îl¬H¬
Hgyh« Pjn td Phgm tjp lPfS Hgyh«. •¬V
HglŒfQ lVM •OVN îgn ‘Hkj±V
gl¬M 06 ehk¢m Ugn H®rG rfG îauhgi lVM
•OVN.
8. •OVœ Hg¬Vœ lv Hga‘H¢m Uk¬ H”jlhG Hg¨§d.
9. HVf¨ HglŒfQ HglVtR’ Pjn ¢jskn g“ jPV¢“
s¢o Hga‘H¢m f”G s§‘gm.
51
HBsjO¬HL
3.5 HsjO¬HL Hg…VK
jay¢G Hg…VK
gjay¢G Hg…VK:
1. P¬¬ ‘±¢…m Hg¨§d fhsjO¬HL lŒfQ Hg‘±hzT.
2. P¬¬ ¬V¥m HgPVHVM fhsjO¬HL lŒfQ ¬V¥m
HgPVHVM.
и¤Яы г‰ и°Цнƒ £ªЪ¬ ЗагйСго аСг¢ гыЙ
ЗаШзп ¡ °éù‚ü Àม íÕõÈ
и¨ънб ЗатС‰.
ЗЦъШ Ъаˆ ЗагтиªН ›ÚªûÉ è¨úíá
£ªЪ¬ ЗагйСгЮо.
rhzlm Hg‘±hzT
ehfjm
f…qG HgPVHVM Hgjd jkfuE lK H®Ugn
‘H®s…G’ ¢khsF £ƒH Hg¥§h« •k‘HU‰h lu¢km
lK Hg¨uhL. ‘¢u¬ Hg¨§d HgjŒg¢¬D’
HgluV‘T •¢q‰h fhg¨§d HBsjhj¢”d’ lkhsf‰h
g¨§d ¨fR ‘HP¬ td HglVM Hg‘HP¬M’
‘¢khsF £ƒH Hg¥§h« jlhl‰h ¥l¢v •k‘Hc
Hgla‘¢hJ ‘HgOf« ‘Hg”¢“ ”lh ¢khsF
HggP‘L Hglg¢zm fhg¬£‘K leG gPL H®‘«
‘Hgf¨.
jwP¢p ‘qv •Y¨¢m fhUehJ Hgg§F ‘•Y¨¢m
HgaubJ
rfG îauhG aubJ Hgs¨p’ j¶”¬ lK ‘¥‘¬ •Y¨¢m
fhUehJ Hgg§F td l‘Hqu§h HgwP¢Pm ‘•¢q‰h
•Y¨¢m HgaubJ HgOhwm f”G¸ lk§h. j¶”¬ lK lPhƒHM
Hg…jPhJ
1 td •Y¨¢m fhUehJ Hgg§F lv Hgl«¬‘¥hJ
2 ‘r‘HfS HgaVHVM 3.
•r¨hV •‘Hkd Hg¨§d:
• îqht¢m: 21 - 41 sL.
• afi sV¢um: 61 - 42 sL.
• sV¢um: 81 - 62 sL.
• thzŒm HgsVUm: 81 - 82 sL.
HgPVHV¢m
kwhzp Ulg¢m BsjO¬HL Hgl‘r¬
g«¢h¬M ”…hxM HgaubJ ‘jŒg¢G Hsj§b“ Hgyh«’
HsjO¬L H®‘Hkd ƒHJ H®Y¨¢m ‘H®P¥hL Hglbzlm
ggaubJ fP¢E B ¢wG Hgg§F g¥‘HkF H®‘Hkd.
Uk¬lh jf¬• HglPj‘¢hJ td Hgyg¢hK’ •O…Q Hgaugm
fhg¬V¥m Hgl¨g‘fm gqlhK U¬L Hks”hF HgshzG lK
H™khx •ekhx Hgyg¢hK.
61