SMC Networks SMC6724L3 User Manual

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TigerSwitch 10/100

24-Port Layer 3 Switch

◆ 24 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX auto-MDI/MDI-X ports

◆ Optional 1000BASE-T or 1000BASE-X GBIC modules

◆ 8.8 Gbps aggregate bandwidth

◆ Non-blocking switching architecture

◆ Support for redundant power unit

◆ Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

◆ Supports up to 6 static or dynamic trunks

◆ Layer 2/3/4 CoS support through four priority queues

◆ Full support for VLANs with GVRP

◆ IGMP multicast filtering and snooping

◆ Layer 3 routing for unicast and multicast traffic

◆ Authentication via RADIUS, ACLs, or IEEE 802.1x

◆ Manageable via console, Web, SNMP/RMON

Management Guide

SMC6724L3

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TigerSwitch 10/100 Management Guide

From SMC’s Tiger line of feature-rich workgroup LAN solutions

38 Tesla Irvine, CA 92618 Phone: (949) 679-8000

October 2003

Pub. # 150200033700A

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Information furnished by SMC Networks, Inc. (SMC) is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SMC for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SMC. SMC reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice.

SMC Networks, Inc.

38 Tesla

Irvine, CA 92618

Trademarks:

SMC is a registered trademark; and TigerSwitch is a trademark of SMC Networks, Inc. Other product and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

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IMITED

Limited Warranty Statement: SMC Networks, Inc. (“SMC”) warrants its products to be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and service, for the applicable warranty term. All SMC products carry a standard 90-day limited warranty from the date of purchase from SMC or its Authorized Reseller. SMC may, at its own discretion, repair or replace any product not operating as warranted with a similar or functionally equivalent product, during the applicable warranty term. SMC will endeavor to repair or replace any product returned under warranty within 30 days of receipt of the product.

The standard limited warranty can be upgraded to a Limited Lifetime* warranty by registering new products within 30 days of purchase from SMC or its Authorized Reseller. Registration can be accomplished via the enclosed product registration card or online via the SMC web site. Failure to register will not affect the standard limited warranty. The Limited Lifetime warranty covers a product during the Life of that Product, which is defined as the period of time during which the product is an “Active” SMC product. A product is considered to be “Active” while it is listed on the current SMC price list. As new technologies emerge, older technologies become obsolete and SMC will, at its discretion, replace an older product in its product line with one that incorporates these newer technologies. At that point, the obsolete product is discontinued and is no longer an “Active” SMC product. A list of discontinued products with their respective dates of discontinuance can be found at: http://www.smc.com/index.cfm?action=customer_service_warranty.

All products that are replaced become the property of SMC. Replacement products may be either new or reconditioned. Any replaced or repaired product carries either a 30-day limited warranty or the remainder of the initial warranty, whichever is longer. SMC is not responsible for any custom software or firmware, configuration information, or memory data of Customer contained in, stored on, or integrated with any products returned to SMC pursuant to any warranty. Products returned to SMC should have any customer-installed accessory or add-on components, such as expansion modules, removed prior to returning the product for replacement. SMC is not responsible for these items if they are returned with the product.

Customers must contact SMC for a Return Material Authorization number prior to returning any product to SMC. Proof of purchase may be required. Any product returned to SMC without a valid Return Material Authorization (RMA) number clearly marked on the outside of the package will be returned to customer at customer’s expense. For warranty claims within North America, please call our toll-free customer support number at (800) 762-4968. Customers are responsible for all shipping charges from their facility to SMC. SMC is responsible for return shipping charges from SMC to customer.

ARRANTY

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WARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE: IF AN SMC PRODUCT DOES NOT OPERATE AS WARRANTED ABOVE, CUSTOMER’S SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT IN QUESTION, AT SMC’S OPTION. THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SMC NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS. SMC SHALL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER THIS WARRANTY IF ITS TESTING AND EXAMINATION DISCLOSE THE ALLEGED DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT DOES NOT EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY CUSTOMER’S OR ANY THIRD PERSON’S MISUSE, NEGLECT, IMPROPER INSTALLATION OR TESTING, UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS TO REPAIR, OR ANY OTHER CAUSE BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED USE, OR BY ACCIDENT, FIRE, LIGHTNING, OR OTHER HAZARD.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: IN NO EVENT, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), SHALL SMC BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, OR FOR LOSS OF REVENUE, LOSS OF BUSINESS, OR OTHER FINANCIAL LOSS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, USE, PERFORMANCE, FAILURE, OR INTERRUPTION OF ITS PRODUCTS, EVEN IF SMC OR ITS AUTHORIZED RESELLER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. NOTHING IN THIS WARRANTY SHALL BE TAKEN TO AFFECT YOUR STATUTORY RIGHTS.

* SMC will provide warranty service for one year following discontinuance from the active SMC price list. Under the limited lifetime warranty, internal and external power supplies, fans, and cables are covered by a standard one-year warranty from date of purchase.

SMC Networks, Inc.

38 Tesla

Irvine, CA 92618

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ONTENTS

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Description of Software Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

System Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

2 Initial Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Connecting to the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Required Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Remote Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Console Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Setting Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Setting an IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Manual Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Dynamic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Enabling SNMP Management Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Community Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Trap Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Saving Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Managing System Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

3 Configuring the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Using the Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Navigating the Web Browser Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Panel Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Displaying System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Setting the Switch’s IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Manual Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

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ONTENTS

Using DHCP/BOOTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Managing Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22

Downloading System Software from a Server . . . . . . . . . . 3-22

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server . . . . . 3-24

Setting the System Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25

Configuring SNTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26

Setting the Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27

Resetting the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

User Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

Configuring the Logon Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication . . . . . . . . . 3-30

Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32

Displaying 802.1x Global Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34

Configuring 802.1x Global Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36

Configuring Port Authorization Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38

Displaying 802.1x Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39

Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41

Configuring Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41

Setting the ACL Name and Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42

Configuring a Standard IP ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43

Configuring an Extended IP ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44

Configuring a MAC ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47

Binding a Port to an Access Control List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-49

Simple Network Management Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50

Setting Community Access Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-51

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53

Configuring DHCP Relay Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53

Configuring the DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-55

Enabling the Server, Setting Excluded Addresses . . . . . . . 3-56

Configuring Address Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-57

Displaying Address Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-62

Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63

Displaying Connection Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63

Configuring Interface Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-67

Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-69

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ONTENTS

Configuring Port Mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-70

Showing Port Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-71

Configuring Rate Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-77

Trunk Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-79

Dynamically Configuring a Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-80

Statically Configuring a Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-82

Address Table Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-84

Setting Static Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-84

Displaying the Address Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-85

Changing the Aging Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87

Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87

Displaying Global Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-89

Configuring Global Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-92

Displaying Interface Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-95

Configuring Interface Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-99

VLAN Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-102

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-102

Assigning Ports to VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-103

Forwarding Tagged/Untagged Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-106

Enabling or Disabling GVRP (Global Setting) . . . . . . . . . . . 3-107

Displaying Basic VLAN Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-107

Displaying Current VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-108

Creating VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-110

Adding Static Members to VLANs (VLAN Index) . . . . . . . . 3-111

Adding Static Members to VLANs (Port Index) . . . . . . . . . . 3-113

Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-114

Configuring Private VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-118

Enabling Private VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-118

Configuring Uplink and Downlink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-119

Class of Service Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-120

Setting the Default Priority for Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-120

Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-122

Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-124

Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-125

Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-126

Mapping IP Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-127

Mapping DSCP Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-129

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Mapping IP Port Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-131

Copying IP Settings to Another Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-133

Multicast Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-134

IGMP Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-135

Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-136

Configuring IGMP Snooping Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-137

Displaying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router . . 3-139

Specifying Static Interfaces for a Multicast Router . . . . . 3-140

Displaying Port Members of Multicast Services . . . . . . . 3-142

Assigning Ports to Multicast Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-143

Layer 3 IGMP (Query used with Multicast Routing) . . . . . . . 3-144

Configuring IGMP Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-145

Displaying Multicast Group Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-148

IP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-149

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-149

Initial Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-150

IP Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-151

Routing Path Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-152

Routing Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-152

Basic IP Interface Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-154

Configuring IP Routing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-155

Address Resolution Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-157

Proxy ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-158

Basic ARP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-159

Configuring Static ARP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-160

Displaying Dynamically Learned ARP Entries . . . . . . . . 3-161

Displaying Local ARP Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-163

Displaying ARP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-164

Displaying Statistics for IP Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-165

IP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-165

ICMP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-168

UDP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-170

TCP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-171

Configuring Static Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-172

Displaying the Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-173

Configuring the Routing Information Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . 3-175

Configuring General Protocol Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-176

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ONTENTS

Specifying Network Interfaces for RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-178

Configuring Network Interfaces for RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-179

Displaying RIP Information and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . 3-183

Configuring the Open Shortest Path First Protocol . . . . . . . . 3-186

Configuring General Protocol Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-188

Configuring OSPF Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-192

Configuring Area Ranges (Route Summarization for ABRs)

Configuring OSPF Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-198

Configuring Virtual Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-204

Configuring Network Area Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-206

Configuring Summary Addresses (for External AS Routes)

Redistributing External Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-210

Configuring NSSA Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-212

Displaying Link State Database Information . . . . . . . . . . 3-213

Displaying Information on Border Routers . . . . . . . . . . . 3-216

Displaying Information on Neighbor Routers . . . . . . . . 3-217

Multicast Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-218

Configuring Global Settings for Multicast Routing . . . . . . . . 3-219

Displaying the Multicast Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-219

Configuring DVMRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-222

Configuring Global DVMRP Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-223

Configuring DVMRP Interface Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-227

Displaying Neighbor Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-229

Displaying the Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-230

Configuring PIM-DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-231

Configuring Global PIM-DM Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-232

Configuring PIM-DM Interface Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-233

Displaying Interface Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-236

Displaying Neighbor Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-237

3-196

3-208

4 Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Using the Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Accessing the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Console Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Telnet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Entering Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Keywords and Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

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ONTENTS

Minimum Abbreviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Command Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Getting Help on Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Showing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Partial Keyword Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Negating the Effect of Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Using Command History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Understanding Command Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Exec Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Configuration Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Command Line Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Command Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Line Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16

exec-timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17

password-thresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18

silent-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19

databits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20

parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21

speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22

stopbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23

show line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23

General Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24

enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25

disable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26

configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27

show history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27

reload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28

end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29

exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29

quit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30

System Management Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31

Device Designation Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31

hostname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32

User Access Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32

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username . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33

enable password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34

Web Server Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35

ip http port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35

ip http server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36

Event Logging Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37

logging on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37

logging history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38

clear logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39

show logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40

Time Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41

sntp client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42

sntp server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43

sntp poll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44

sntp broadcast client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45

show sntp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45

clock timezone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46

System Status Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47

show startup-config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47

show running-config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-49

show system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-51

show users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-51

show version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52

Flash/File Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53

copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53

delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-56

dir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-57

whichboot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-58

boot system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-59

Authentication Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-60

Authentication Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-60

authentication login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-60

RADIUS Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-61

radius-server host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-62

radius-server port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63

radius-server key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63

radius-server retransmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-64

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radius-server timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-65

show radius-server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-65

802.1x Port Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-66

authentication dot1x default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67

dot1x default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67

dot1x max-req . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68

dot1x port-control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68

dot1x re-authenticate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-69

dot1x re-authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-69

dot1x timeout quiet-period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-70

dot1x timeout re-authperiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-70

dot1x timeout tx-period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-71

show dot1x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-72

Access Control List Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-74

IP ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-76

access-list ip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-76

permit, deny (Standard ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-78

permit, deny (Extended ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-79

ip access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-81

show ip access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-82

show ip access-list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-83

MAC ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-84

access-list mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-84

permit, deny (MAC ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-85

mac access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-87

show mac access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-87

show mac access-list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-88

ACL Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-89

show access-list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-89

show access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-89

SNMP Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-90

snmp-server community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-90

snmp-server contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-91

snmp-server location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-92

snmp-server host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-93

snmp-server enable traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-94

show snmp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-95

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DHCP Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-97

DHCP Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-97

ip dhcp client-identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-97

ip dhcp restart client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-98

DHCP Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-99

ip dhcp restart relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-99

ip dhcp relay server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-101

DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-102

service dhcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-103

ip dhcp excluded-address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-104

ip dhcp pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-104

network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-105

default-router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-106

domain-name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-107

dns-server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-108

next-server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-109

bootfile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-109

netbios-name-server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-110

netbios-node-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-111

lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-112

host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-113

client-identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-114

hardware-address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-115

clear ip dhcp binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-116

show ip dhcp binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-117

Interface Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-118

interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-119

description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-119

speed-duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-120

negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-121

capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-122

flowcontrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-124

shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-125

switchport broadcast packet-rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-126

clear counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-127

show interfaces status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-128

show interfaces counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-129

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show interfaces switchport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-131

Mirror Port Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-133

port monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-133

show port monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-134

Rate Limit Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-135

rate-limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-136

Link Aggregation Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-137

channel-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-138

lacp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-139

Address Table Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-141

mac-address-table static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-141

clear mac-address-table dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-142

show mac-address-table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-143

mac-address-table aging-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-144

show mac-address-table aging-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-145

Spanning Tree Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-146

spanning-tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-147

spanning-tree mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-148

spanning-tree forward-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-149

spanning-tree hello-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-150

spanning-tree max-age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-150

spanning-tree priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-151

spanning-tree pathcost method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-152

spanning-tree transmission-limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-153

spanning-tree cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-154

spanning-tree port-priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-155

spanning-tree edge-port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-156

spanning-tree portfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-157

spanning-tree link-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-158

spanning-tree protocol-migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-159

show spanning-tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-160

VLAN Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-162

Editing VLAN Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-162

vlan database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-162

vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-163

Configuring VLAN Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-164

interface vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-165

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switchport mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-166

switchport acceptable-frame-types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-167

switchport ingress-filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-168

switchport native vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-169

switchport allowed vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-170

switchport forbidden vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-171

Displaying VLAN Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-172

show vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-172

Configuring Private VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-173

pvlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-173

show pvlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-174

GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-175

bridge-ext gvrp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-175

show bridge-ext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-176

switchport gvrp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-177

show gvrp configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-178

garp timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-178

show garp timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-180

Priority Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-181

Priority Commands (Layer 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-181

switchport priority default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-182

queue bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-183

queue cos-map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-184

show queue bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-185

show queue cos-map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-186

Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-187

map ip port (Global Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-187

map ip port (Interface Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-188

map ip precedence (Global Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . 4-189

map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) . . . . . . . . . 4-189

map ip dscp (Global Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-191

map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-191

show map ip port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-193

show map ip precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-194

show map ip dscp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-195

Multicast Filtering Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-196

IGMP Snooping Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-196

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ip igmp snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-197

ip igmp snooping vlan static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-197

ip igmp snooping version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-198

show ip igmp snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-199

show mac-address-table multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-200

IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-201

ip igmp snooping querier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-201

ip igmp snooping query-count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-202

ip igmp snooping query-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-203

ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time . . . . . . . . . . 4-203

ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-204

IGMP Commands (Layer 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-205

ip igmp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-206

ip igmp robustval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-207

ip igmp query-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-207

ip igmp max-resp-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-208

ip igmp last-memb-query-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-209

ip igmp version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-210

show ip igmp interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-211

clear ip igmp group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-212

show ip igmp groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-213

IP Interface Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-215

Basic IP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-215

ip address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-216

ip default-gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-218

show ip interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-219

show ip redirects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-219

ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-220

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-221

arp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-222

arp-timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-223

clear arp-cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-223

show arp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-224

ip proxy-arp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-224

IP Routing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-225

Global Routing Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-226

ip routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-226

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ip route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-227

clear ip route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-228

show ip route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-228

show ip traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-229

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-231

router rip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-231

timers basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-232

network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-233

neighbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-234

version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-235

ip rip receive version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-236

ip rip send version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-237

ip split-horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-239

ip rip authentication key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-240

ip rip authentication mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-241

show rip globals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-242

show ip rip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-242

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-244

router ospf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-246

router-id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-247

compatible rfc1583 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-248

default-information originate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-248

timers spf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-250

area range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-251

area default-cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-252

summary-address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-253

redistribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-254

network area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-255

area stub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-257

area nssa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-258

area virtual-link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-260

ip ospf authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-263

ip ospf authentication-key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-264

ip ospf message-digest-key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-265

ip ospf cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-266

ip ospf dead-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-267

ip ospf hello-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-268

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ip ospf priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-268

ip ospf retransmit-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-269

ip ospf transmit-delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-270

show ip ospf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-271

show ip ospf border-routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-272

show ip ospf database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-273

show ip ospf interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-281

show ip ospf neighbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-282

show ip ospf summary-address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-283

show ip ospf virtual-links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-284

Multicast Routing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-285

Static Multicast Routing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-285

ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-286

show ip igmp snooping mrouter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-287

General Multicast Routing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-287

ip multicast-routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-288

show ip mroute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-288

DVMRP Multicast Routing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-290

router dvmrp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-291

probe-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-292

nbr-timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-293

report-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-293

flash-update-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-294

prune-lifetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-294

default-gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-295

ip dvmrp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-296

ip dvmrp metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-297

clear ip dvmrp route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-298

show router dvmrp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-298

show ip dvmrp route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-299

show ip dvmrp neighbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-300

show ip dvmrp interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-301

PIM-DM Multicast Routing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-301

router pim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-302

ip pim dense-mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-303

ip pim hello-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-304

ip pim hello-holdtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-305

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ip pim trigger-hello-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-305

ip pim join-prune-holdtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-306

ip pim graft-retry-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-307

ip pim max-graft-retries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-308

show router pim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-308

show ip pim interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-309

show ip pim neighbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-309

A Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

B Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Glossary

Index

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HAPTER

NTRODUCTION

This switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching and Layer 3 routing. It includes a management agent that allows you to configure the features listed in this manual. The default configuration can be used for most of the features provided by this switch. However, there are many options that you should configure to maximize the switch’s performance for your particular network environment.

Key Features

Feature Description

Configuration Backup and Restore

Authentication Console, Telnet, Web – User name / password, RADIUS

Access Control Lists

DHCP Relay and Server

Port Configuration Speed, duplex mode and flow control

Rate Limiting Input and output rate limiting per port

Port Mirroring One or more ports mirrored to single analysis port

Port Trunking Supports up to 6 trunks using either static or dynamic

Backup to TFTP server

SNMP – Community strings Port – IEEE 802.1x

Supports up to 32 IP or MAC ACLs

Supported

trunking (LACP)

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NTRODUCTION

Feature Description

Broadcast Storm Control

Address Table Up to 8K MAC addresses in the forwarding table, 100 static

IEEE 802.1D Bridge

Store-and-Forward Switching

Spanning Tree Protocol

Virtual LANs Up to 255 using IEEE 802.1Q, or private VLANs

Traffic Prioritization

IP Routing Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path

ARP Static and dynamic address configuration, proxy ARP

Multicast Filtering Supports IGMP snooping and query for Layer 2, and IGMP

Multicast Routing Supports DVMRP and PIM-DM

Supported

MAC addresses per port; Up to 2K IP address entries, 128 static IP addresses in the ARP cache, 256 static IP routes

Supports dynamic data switching and addresses learning

Supported to ensure wire-speed switching while eliminating bad frames

Supports standard STP and the new Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

Default port priority, traffic class map, queue scheduling, IP Precedence, Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), and TCP/UDP Port

First (OSPF), static routes

for Layer 3

Description of Software Features

The switch provides a wide range of advanced performance enhancing features. Flow control eliminates the loss of packets due to bottlenecks caused by port saturation. Broadcast storm suppression prevents broadcast traffic storms from engulfing the network. Port-based VLANs, plus support for automatic GVRP VLAN registration provide traffic security and efficient use of network bandwidth. CoS priority queueing ensures the

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ESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE FEATURES

minimum delay for moving real-time multimedia data across the network. While multicast filtering and routing provide support for real-time network applications. Some of the management features are briefly described below.

Configuration Backup and Restore – You can save the current configuration settings to a file on a TFTP server, and later download this file to restore the switch configuration settings.

Authentication – This switch authenticates management access via the console port, Telnet or Web browser. User names and passwords can be configured locally or can be verified via a remote authentication server (i.e., RADIUS). Port-based authentication is also supported via the IEEE

802.1x protocol. This protocol uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to request a user name and password from the 802.1x client, and then verifies the client’s right to access the network via an authentication server (i.e., RADIUS server).

Access Control Lists – ACLs provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, TCP/UDP port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). ACLs can by used to improve performance by blocking unnecessary network traffic or to implement security controls by restricting access to specific network resources or protocols.

DHCP Server and DHCP Relay – A DHCP server is provided to assign IP addresses to host devices. Since DHCP uses a broadcast mechanism, a DHCP server and its client must physically reside on the same subnet. Since it is not practical to have a DHCP server on every subnet, DHCP Relay is also supported to allow dynamic configuration of local clients from a DHCP server located in a different network.

Port Configuration – You can manually configure the speed, duplex mode, and flow control used on specific ports, or use auto-negotiation to detect the connection settings used by the attached device. Use the full-duplex mode on ports whenever possible to double the throughput of switch connections. Flow control should also be enabled to control

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NTRODUCTION

network traffic during periods of congestion and prevent the loss of packets when port buffer thresholds are exceeded. The switch supports flow control based on the IEEE 802.3x standard.

Rate Limiting – This feature controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped.

Port Mirroring – The switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a monitor port. You can then attach a protocol analyzer or RMON probe to this port to perform traffic analysis and verify connection integrity.

Port Trunking – Ports can be combined into an aggregate connection. Trunks can be manually set up or dynamically configured using IEEE

802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). The additional ports dramatically increase the throughput across any connection, and provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk should fail. The switch supports up to six trunks.

Broadcast Storm Control – Broadcast suppression prevents broadcast traffic from overwhelming the network. When enabled on a port, the level of broadcast traffic passing through the port is restricted. If broadcast traffic rises above a pre-defined threshold, it will be throttled until the level falls back beneath the threshold.

Static Addresses – A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this switch. Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved. When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and will not be written to the address table. Static addresses can be used to provide network security by restricting access for a known host to a specific port.

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ESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE FEATURES

IEEE 802.1D Bridge – The switch supports IEEE 802.1D transparent bridging. The address table facilitates data switching by learning addresses, and then filtering or forwarding traffic based on this information. The address table supports up to 8K addresses.

Store-and-Forward Switching – The switch copies each frame into its memory before forwarding them to another port. This ensures that all frames are a standard Ethernet size and have been verified for accuracy with the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). This prevents bad frames from entering the network and wasting bandwidth.

To avoid dropping frames on congested ports, the switch provides 8 MB for frame buffering. This buffer can queue packets awaiting transmission on congested networks.

Spanning Tree Protocol – The switch supports these spanning tree protocols:

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, IEEE 802.1D) – This protocol adds a level of fault tolerance by allowing two or more redundant connections to be created between a pair of LAN segments. When there are multiple physical paths between segments, this protocol will choose a single path and disable all others to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. This prevents the creation of network loops. However, if the chosen path should fail for any reason, an alternate path will be activated to maintain the connection.

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w) – This protocol reduces the convergence time for network topology changes to about 10% of that required by the older IEEE 802.1D STP standard. It is intended as a complete replacement for STP, but can still interoperate with switches running the older standard by automatically reconfiguring ports to STP-compliant mode if they detect STP protocol messages from attached devices.

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NTRODUCTION

Virtual LANs – The switch supports up to 255 VLANs. A Virtual LAN is a collection of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical location or connection point in the network. The switch supports tagged VLANs based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. Members of VLAN groups can be dynamically learned via GVRP, or ports can be manually assigned to a specific set of VLANs. This allows the switch to restrict traffic to the VLAN groups to which a user has been assigned. By segmenting your network into VLANs, you can:

• Eliminate broadcast storms which severely degrade performance in a flat network.

• Simplify network management for node changes/moves by remotely configuring VLAN membership for any port, rather than having to manually change the network connection.

• Provide data security by restricting all traffic to the originating VLAN, except where a connection is explicitly defined via the switch’s routing service.

• Use private VLANs to restrict traffic to pass only between data ports and the uplink ports, thereby isolating adjacent ports within the same VLAN, and allowing you to limit the total number of VLANs that need to be configured.

Traffic Prioritization – This switch prioritizes each packet based on the required level of service, using four priority queues with Weighted Round Robin Queuing. It uses IEEE 802.1p and 802.1Q tags to prioritize incoming traffic based on input from the end-station application. These functions can be used to provide independent priorities for delay-sensitive data and best-effort data.

This switch also supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/ 4 traffic to meet application requirements. Traffic can be prioritized based on the priority bits in the IP frame’s Type of Service (ToS) octet or the number of the TCP/UDP port. When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue.

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ESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE FEATURES

IP Routing – The switch provides Layer 3 IP routing. To maintain a high rate of throughput, the switch forwards all traffic passing within the same segment, and routes only traffic that passes between different subnetworks. The wire-speed routing provided by this switch lets you easily link network segments or VLANs together without having to deal with the bottlenecks or configuration hassles normally associated with conventional routers.

Routing for unicast traffic is supported with the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol.

RIP – This protocol uses a distance-vector approach to routing. Routes are determined on the basis of minimizing the distance vector, or hop count, which serves as a rough estimate of transmission cost.

OSPF – This approach uses a link state routing protocol to generate a shortest-path tree, then builds up its routing table based on this tree. OSPF produces a more stable network because the participating routers act on network changes predictably and simultaneously, converging on the best route more quickly than RIP.

Address Resolution Protocol – The switch uses ARP and Proxy ARP to convert between IP addresses and MAC (i.e., hardware) addresses. This switch supports conventional ARP, which locates the MAC address corresponding to a given IP address. This allows the switch to use IP addresses for routing decisions and the corresponding MAC addresses to forward packets from one hop to the next. You can configure either static or dynamic entries in the ARP cache.

Proxy ARP allows hosts that do not support routing to determine the MAC address of a device on another network or subnet. When a host sends an ARP request for a remote network, the switch checks to see if it has the best route. If it does, it sends its own MAC address to the host. The host then sends traffic for the remote destination via the switch, which uses its own routing table to reach the destination on the other network.

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NTRODUCTION

Multicast Filtering – Specific multicast traffic can be assigned to its own VLAN to ensure that it does not interfere with normal network traffic and to guarantee real-time delivery by setting the required priority level for the designated VLAN. The switch uses IGMP Snooping and Query at Layer 2 and IGMP at Layer 3 to manage multicast group registration.

Multicast Routing – Routing for multicast packets is supported by the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) and Protocol-Independent Multicasting - Dense Mode (PIM-DM). These protocols work in conjunction with IGMP to filter and route multicast traffic. DVMRP is a more comprehensive implementation that maintains its own routing table, but is gradually being replacing by most network managers with PIM, Dense Mode and Sparse Mode. PIM is a very simple protocol that uses the routing table of the unicast routing protocol enabled on an interface. Dense Mode is designed for areas where the probability of multicast clients is relatively high, and the overhead of frequent flooding is justified. While Sparse mode is designed for network areas, such as the Wide Area Network, where the probability of multicast clients is low. This switch currently supports DVMRP and PIM-DM.

System Defaults

The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as the startup configuration file (page 3-24).

The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.

Function Parameter Default

Console Port Connection

1-8

Baud Rate 9600

Data bits 8

Stop bits 1

Parity none

Local Console Timeout 0 (disabled)

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YSTEM DEFAULTS

Function Parameter Default

Authentication Privileged Exec Level Username “admin”

Password “admin”

Normal Exec Level Username “guest”

Password “guest”

Enable Privileged Exec from Normal Exec Level

RADIUS Authentication Disabled

802.1x Port Authentication Disabled

Web Management

SNMP Community Strings “public” (read only)

Port Configuration

HTTP Server Enabled

HTTP Port Number 80

Traps Authentication traps: enabled

Admin Status Enabled

Auto-negotiation Enabled

Flow Control Disabled

Port Capability 100BASE-TX –

Password “super”

“private” (read/write)

Link-up-down events: enabled

10 Mbps half duplex 10 Mbps full duplex 100 Mbps half duplex 100 Mbps full duplex Full-duplex flow control disabled

1000BASE-T – 10 Mbps half duplex 10 Mbps full duplex 100 Mbps half duplex 100 Mbps full duplex 1000 Mbps full duplex Full-duplex flow control disabled Symmetric flow control disabled

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NTRODUCTION

Function Parameter Default

Rate Limiting Input and output limits Disabled

Port Trunking Static Trunks None

Broadcast Storm Protection

Spanning Tree Protocol

Address Table Aging Time 300 seconds

Virtual LANs Default VLAN 1

Traffic Prioritization

Port Capability 1000BASE-SX/LX/LH –

1000 Mbps full duplex Full-duplex flow control disabled Symmetric flow control disabled

LACP (all ports) Disabled

Status Enabled (all ports)

Broadcast Limit Rate 500 packets per second

Status Enabled

(Defaults: All values based on IEEE 802.1w)

Fast Forwarding (Edge Port)

PVID 1

Acceptable Frame Type All

Ingress Filtering Disabled

Switchport Mode (Egress Mode)

GVRP (global) Disabled

GVRP (port interface) Disabled

Ingress Port Priority 0

Weighted Round Robin Class 0: 1

Disabled

Hybrid: tagged/untagged frames

Class 1: 4 Class 2: 16 Class 3: 64

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YSTEM DEFAULTS

Function Parameter Default

IP Precedence Priority Disabled

IP DSCP Priority Disabled

IP Port Priority Disabled

IP Settings Management. VLAN Any VLAN configured with an IP

address

IP Address 0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0

Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

DHCP Client: Disabled

Relay: Disabled Server: Disabled

BOOTP Disabled

ARP Enabled

Cache Timeout: 20 minutes Proxy: Disabled

Unicast Routing RIP Disabled

OSPF Disabled

Multicast Filtering

Multicast Routing DVMRP Disabled

System Log Status Enabled

IGMP Snooping (Layer 2) Snooping: Enabled

Querier: Disabled

IGMP (Layer 3) Disabled

PIM-DM Disabled

Messages Logged Levels 0-7 (all)

Messages Logged to Flash Levels 0-3

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HAPTER

NITIAL

ONFIGURATION

Connecting to the Switch

Configuration Options

The switch includes a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety of management options, including SNMP, RMON and a Web-based interface. A PC may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a command line interface (CLI).

Note: The IP address for this switch is unassigned by default. To change

this address, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-6.

The switch’s HTTP Web agent allows you to configure switch parameters, monitor port connections, and display statistics using a standard Web browser such as Netscape Navigator version 6.2 and higher or Microsoft IE version 5.0 and higher. The switch’s Web management interface can be accessed from any computer attached to the network.

The CLI program can be accessed by a direct connection to the RS-232 serial console port on the switch, or remotely by a Telnet connection over the network.

The switch’s management agent also supports SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to be managed from any system in the network using network management software such as HP OpenView.

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NITIAL CONFIGURATION

The switch’s Web interface, CLI configuration program, and SNMP agent allow you to perform the following management functions:

• Set user names and passwords for up to 16 users

• Set an IP interface for a management VLAN

• Configure SNMP parameters

• Enable/disable any port

• Set the speed/duplex mode for any port

• Configure the bandwidth of any port by limiting input or output rates

• Configure up to 255 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

• Enable GVRP automatic VLAN registration

• Configure IP routing for unicast or multicast traffic

• Configure IGMP multicast filtering

• Upload and download system firmware via TFTP

• Upload and download switch configuration files via TFTP

• Configure Spanning Tree parameters

• Configure Class of Service (CoS) priority queuing

• Configure up to six static or LACP trunks

• Enable port mirroring

• Set broadcast storm control on any port

• Display system information and statistics

Required Connections

The switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a PC or terminal for monitoring and configuring the switch. A null-modem console cable is provided with the switch.

Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a null-modem cable that complies with the wiring assignments shown in the Installation Guide.

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ONNECTING TO THE SWITCH

To connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps:

1. Connect the console cable to the serial port on a terminal, or a PC running terminal emulation software, and tighten the captive retaining screws on the DB-9 connector.

2. Connect the other end of the cable to the RS-232 serial port on the switch.

3. Make sure the terminal emulation software is set as follows:

• Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2).

• Set the data rate to 9600 baud.

• Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.

• Set flow control to none.

• Set the emulation mode to VT100.

• When using HyperTerminal, select Terminal keys, not Windows

keys.

Notes: 1. When using HyperTerminal with Microsoft

make sure that you have Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later installed. Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 fixes the problem of arrow keys not functioning in HyperTerminal’s VT100 emulation. See www.microsoft.com for information on Windows 2000 service packs.

2. Refer to “Line Commands” on page 4-13 for a complete description of console configuration options.

3. Once you have set up the terminal correctly, the console login screen will be displayed.

Windows® 2000,

For a description of how to use the CLI, see “Using the Command Line Interface” on page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the CLI, refer to “Command Groups” on page 4-11.

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NITIAL CONFIGURATION

Remote Connections

Prior to accessing the switch’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol.

The IP address for this switch is unassigned by default. To manually configure this address or enable dynamic address assignment via DHCP or BOOTP, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-6.

Notes: 1. This switch supports four concurrent Telnet sessions.

2. Each VLAN group can be assigned its own IP interface

address (page 2-6). You can manage the switch via any of these addresses.

After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the onboard configuration program from anywhere within the attached network. The onboard configuration program can be accessed using Telnet from any computer attached to the network. The switch can also be managed by any computer using a Web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above), or from a network computer using SNMP network management software.

Note: The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration

functions. To access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use SNMP-based network management software.

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ASIC CONFIGURATION

Basic Configuration

Console Connection

The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level (Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic utilities. To fully configure switch parameters, you must access the CLI at the Privileged Exec level.

Access to both CLI levels are controlled by user names and passwords. The switch has a default user name and password for each level. To log into the CLI at the Privileged Exec level using the default user name and password, perform these steps:

1. To initiate your console connection, press <Enter>. The “User Access Verification” procedure starts.

2. At the Username prompt, enter “admin.”

3. At the Password prompt, also enter “admin.” (The password characters are not displayed on the console screen.)

4. The session is opened and the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt indicating you have access at the Privileged Exec level.

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NITIAL CONFIGURATION

Setting Passwords

Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should

define new passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, record them and put them in a safe place.

Passwords can consist of up to 8 alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive. To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows:

1. Open the console interface with the default user name and password “admin” to access the Privileged Exec level.

2. Type “configure” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “username guest password 0 password,” for the Normal Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “username admin password 0 password,” for the Privileged Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

Username: admin Password:

CLI session with the ES-3626G is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit].

Console#configure Console(config)#username guest password 0 [password] Console(config)#username admin password 0 [password] Console(config)#

Setting an IP Address

You must establish IP address information for the switch to obtain management access through the network. This can be done in either of the following ways:

Manual — You have to input the information, including IP address and subnet mask. If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the switch, you will also need to specify the default gateway router.

Dynamic — The switch sends IP configuration requests to BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network.

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ASIC CONFIGURATION

Manual Configuration

You can manually assign an IP address to the switch. You may also need to specify a default gateway that resides between this device and management stations that exist on another network segment (if routing is not enabled on this switch). Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

Note: The IP address for this switch is unassigned by default.

Before you can assign an IP address to the switch, you must obtain the following information from your network administrator:

• IP address for the switch

• Default gateway for the network

• Network mask for this network

To assign an IP address to the switch, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press <Enter>.

3. Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode prompt. Press <Enter>.

4. To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch belongs, type “ip default-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address of the default gateway. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 Console(config)#

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NITIAL CONFIGURATION

Dynamic Configuration

If you select the “bootp” or “dhcp” option, IP will be enabled but will not function until a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been received. You therefore need to use the “ip dhcp restart client” command to start broadcasting service requests. Requests will be sent periodically in an effort to obtain IP configuration information. (BOOTP and DHCP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

If the “bootp” or “dhcp” option is saved to the startup-config file (step 6), then the switch will start broadcasting service requests as soon as it is powered on.

To automatically configure the switch by communicating with BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network, complete the following steps:

1. From the Global Configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following commands:

• To obtain IP settings via DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press

<Enter>.

• To obtain IP settings via BOOTP, type “ip address bootp” and press

<Enter>.

3. Type “end” to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “ip dhcp restart client” to begin broadcasting service requests. Press <Enter>.

5. Wait a few minutes, and then check the IP configuration settings by typing the “show ip interface” command. Press <Enter>.

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ASIC CONFIGURATION

6. Then save your configuration changes by typing “copy running-config startup-config.” Enter the startup file name and press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart client Console#show ip interface Vlan 1 is up, addressing mode is DHCP Interface address is 10.1.0.54, mask is 255.255.255.0, Primary MTU is 1500 bytes Proxy ARP is disabled Split horizon is enabled Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

\Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Enabling SNMP Management Access

The switch can be configured to accept management commands from Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications such as HP OpenView. You can configure the switch to (1) respond to SNMP requests or (2) generate SNMP traps.

When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return information or to set a parameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets the specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred.

Community Strings

Community strings are used to control management access to SNMP stations, as well as to authorize SNMP stations to receive trap messages from the switch. You therefore need to assign community strings to specified users or user groups, and set the access level.

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NITIAL CONFIGURATION

The default strings are:

• public - with read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects.

• private - with read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects.

Note: If you do not intend to utilize SNMP, we recommend that you

delete both of the default community strings. If there are no community strings, then SNMP management access to the switch is disabled.

To prevent unauthorized access to the switch via SNMP, it is recommended that you change the default community strings.

To configure a community string, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt,

type “snmp-server community string mode,” where “string” is the community access string and “mode” is rw (read/write) or ro (read only). Press <Enter>. (Note that the default mode is read only.)

2. To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community

string,” where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#snmp-server community admin rw Console(config)#snmp-server community private Console(config)#

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ASIC CONFIGURATION

Trap Receivers

You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch.

To configure a trap receiver, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “snmp-server host host-address community-string,” where “host-address” is the IP address for the trap receiver and “community-string” is the string associated with that host. Press <Enter>.

2. In order to configure the switch to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at least one snmp-server enable traps command. Type “snmp-server enable traps type,” where “type” is either authentication or link-up-down. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps link-up-down Console(config)#

Saving Configuration Settings

Configuration commands only modify the running configuration file and are not saved when the switch is rebooted. To save all your configuration changes in nonvolatile storage, you must copy the running configuration file to the start-up configuration file using the “copy” command.

To save the current configuration settings, enter the following command:

1. From the Privileged Exec mode prompt, type “copy running-config startup-config” and press <Enter>.

2. Enter the name of the start-up file. Press <Enter>.

Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

\Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#

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NITIAL CONFIGURATION

Managing System Files

The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed by the CLI program, Web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file.

The three types of files are:

• Configuration — This file stores system configuration information and is created when configuration settings are saved. Saved configuration files can be selected as a system start-up file or can be uploaded via TFTP to a server for backup. A file named “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” contains all the system default settings and cannot be deleted from the system. See “Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings” on page 3-23 for more information.

• Operation Code — System software that is executed after boot-up, also known as run-time code. This code runs the switch operations and provides the CLI and Web management interfaces. See “Managing Firmware” on page 3-22 for more information.

• Diagnostic Code — Software that is run during system boot-up, also known as POST (Power On Self-Test). This code also provides a facility to upload firmware files to the system directly through the console port. See “Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port” on page B-1.

Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation code files. However, you can have as many diagnostic code files and configuration files as available flash memory space allows.

In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file. During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded.

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ANAGING SYSTEM FILES

Note that configuration files should be downloaded using a file name that reflects the contents or usage of the file settings. If you download directly to the running-config, the system will reboot, and the settings will have to be copied from the running-config to a permanent file.

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NITIAL CONFIGURATION

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HAPTER

ONFIGURING THE

WITCH

Using the Web Interface

This switch provides an embedded HTTP Web agent. Using a Web browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The Web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard Web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above).

Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the

switch over a serial connection to the console port or via Telnet. For more information on using the CLI, refer to Chapter 4 “Command Line Interface.”

Prior to accessing the switch from a Web browser, be sure you have first performed the following tasks:

1. Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using an out-of-band serial connection, BOOTP or DHCP protocol. (See “Setting the Switch’s IP Address” on page 3-17.)

2. Set user names and passwords using an out-of-band serial connection. Access to the Web agent is controlled by the same user names and passwords as the onboard configuration program. (See “Configuring the Logon Password” on page 3-28.)

3. After you enter a user name and password, you will have access to the system configuration program.

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ONFIGURING THE SWITCH

Notes: 1. You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password;

on the third failed attempt the current connection is terminated.

2. If you log into the Web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view the configuration settings or change the guest password. If you log in as “admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can change the settings on any page.

3. If the path between your management station and this switch does not pass through any device that uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm, then you can set the switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding (i.e., enable Admin Edge Port) to improve the switch’s response time to management commands issued through the Web interface. See “Configuring Interface Settings” on page 3-99.

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AVIGATING THE WEB BROWSER INTERFACE

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

To access the Web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The default user name and password for the administrator is “admin.”

Home Page

When your Web browser connects with the switch’s Web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side of the screen and System Information on the right side. The Main Menu links are used to navigate to other menus, and display configuration parameters and statistics.

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ONFIGURING THE SWITCH

Configuration Options

Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the “Apply” or “Apply Changes” button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the Web page configuration buttons.

Button Action

Revert Cancels specified values and restores current values

prior to pressing “Apply” or “Apply Changes.”

Refresh Immediately updates values for the current page.

Apply Sets specified values to the system.

Apply Changes Sets specified values to the system.

Notes: 1. To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer

5.x is configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General / Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.”

2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh button.

Panel Display

The Web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports, indicating whether each link is up or down. The Mode can be set to display different information for the ports, including Active (i.e., up or down), Duplex (i.e., half or full duplex), or Flow Control (i.e., with or without flow control). Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Configuration page as described on page 3-67.

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AVIGATING THE WEB BROWSER INTERFACE

Main Menu

Using the onboard Web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program.

Menu Description Page

System 3-12

System Information Provides basic system description, including

contact information

Passwords Assigns a new password for the current user 3-28

Radius Configures RADIUS authentication parameters 3-30

Firmware Manages code image files 3-22

Configuration Manages switch configuration files 3-23

Reset Restarts the switch 3-28

Bridge Extension Shows the bridge extension parameters; enables

GVRP VLAN registration protocol

Switch Information Shows the number of ports, hardware/firmware

version numbers, and power status

Port 3-63

Port Information Displays port connection status 3-63

Trunk Information Displays trunk connection status 3-63

Port Configuration Configures port connection settings 3-67

Trunk Configuration Configures trunk connection settings 3-67

Port Broadcast Control

Mirror Sets the source and target ports for mirroring 3-70

Address Table 3-84

Static Addresses Displays entries for interface, address or VLAN 3-84

Dynamic Addresses Displays or edits static entries in the Address

Address Aging Sets timeout for dynamically learned entries 3-87

Sets the broadcast storm threshold for each port 3-69

Table

3-12

3-16

3-14

3-85

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ONFIGURING THE SWITCH

Menu Description Page

Spanning Tree 3-87

STA Information Displays STA values used for the bridge 3-89

STA Configuration Configures global bridge settings for STA 3-92

STA Port Information Configures individual port settings for STA 3-95

STA Trunk Information

STA Port Configuration

STA Trunk Configuration

VLAN 3-102

VLAN Base Information

VLAN Current Table Shows the current port members of each VLAN

VLAN Static List Used to create or remove VLAN groups 3-110

VLAN Static Table Modifies the settings for an existing VLAN 3-111

VLAN Static Membership

VLAN Port Configuration

VLAN Trunk Configuration

Private VLAN 3-118

Private VLAN Status Enables or disables the private VLAN 3-118

Private VLAN Link Configuration

Priority 3-120

Default Port Priority Sets the default priority for each port 3-120

Default Trunk Priority Sets the default priority for each trunk 3-120

Configures individual trunk settings for STA 3-95

Configures individual port settings for STA 3-99

Configures individual trunk settings for STA 3-99

Displays information on the VLAN type supported by this switch

and whether or not the port is tagged or untagged

Configures membership type for interfaces, including tagged, untagged or forbidden

Specifies default PVID and VLAN attributes 3-114

Specifies default trunk VID and VLAN attributes

Configures the private VLAN 3-119

3-107

3-108

3-113

3-114

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AVIGATING THE WEB BROWSER INTERFACE

Menu Description Page

Traffic Classes Maps IEEE 802.1p priority tags to output

queues

Queue Scheduling Configures Weighted Round Robin queueing 3-124

IP Precedence/ DSCP Priority Status

IP Precedence Priority Sets IP Type of Service priority, mapping the

IP DSCP Priority Sets IP Differentiated Services Code Point

IP Port Status Globally enables or disables IP Port Priority 3-131

IP Port Priority Sets TCP/UDP port priority, defining the socket

Copy Settings Copies port priority settings from source port to

Trunk 3-79

LACP Configuration Allows ports to dynamically join trunks 3-80

Trunk Configuration Specifies ports to group into static trunks 3-82

SNMP Configures community strings and related trap

IGMP Snooping 3-134

IGMP Configuration Enables multicast filtering; configures

Multicast Router Port Information

Static Multicast Router Port Configuration

IP Multicast Registration Table

IGMP Member Port Table

Globally selects IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, or disables both.

precedence tag to a class-of-service value

priority, mapping a DSCP tag to a class-of-service value

number and associated class-of-service value

target port

functions

parameters for multicast query

Displays the ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router for each VLAN ID

Assigns ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router

Displays all multicast groups active on this switch, including multicast IP addresses and VLAN ID

Indicates multicast addresses associated with the selected VLAN

3-122

3-126

3-127

3-129

3-131

3-50

3-137

3-139

3-140

3-142

3-143

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Menu Description Page

Statistics Lists Ethernet and RMON port statistics 3-71

Rate Limit 3-77

Input Rate Limit Port Configuration

Input Rate Limit Trunk Configuration

Output Rate Limit Port Configuration

Output Rate Limit Trunk Configuration

dot1X (IEEE 802.1x) Port authentication 3-32

dot1X Information Displays global configuration settings 3-34

dot1X Configuration Configures protocol parameters 3-36

dot1X Port Configuration

dot1X Statistics Displays protocol statistics for the selected port 3-39

SNTP 3-25

SNTP Configuration Configures SNTP client settings, including

Clock Time Zone Sets the local time zone for the clock 3-27

IP 3-149

General 3-154

Global Settings Enables or disables routing, specifies the default

Routing Interface Configures the IP interface for the specified

ARP 3-157

General Sets the protocol timeout, and enables or

Static Addresses Statically maps a physical address to an IP

Sets the input rate limit for each port 3-77

Sets the input rate limit for each trunk 3-77

Sets the output rate limit for each port 3-77

Sets the output rate limit for each trunk 3-77

Sets the authentication mode for individual ports 3-38

3-26

broadcast mode or a specified list of servers

3-154

gateway

3-155

VLAN

3-159

disables proxy ARP for the specified VLAN

3-160

address

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AVIGATING THE WEB BROWSER INTERFACE

Menu Description Page

Dynamic Addresses Shows dynamically learned entries in the IP

routing table

Other Addresses Shows internal addresses used by the switch 3-163

Statistics Shows statistics on ARP requests sent and

received

IGMP 3-144

Interface Settings Configures Layer 3 IGMP for specific VLAN

interfaces

Group Membership Displays the current multicast groups learned via

IGMP

Statistics 3-165

IP Shows statistics for IP traffic, including the

amount of traffic, address errors, routing, fragmentation and reassembly

ICMP Shows statistics for ICMP traffic, including the

amount of traffic, protocol errors, and the number of echoes, timestamps, and address masks

UDP Shows statistics for UDP, including the amount

of traffic and errors

TCP Shows statistics for TCP, including the amount

of traffic and TCP connection activity

Routing 3-151

Static Routes Shows all static routing entries 3-172

Routing Table Shows all routing entries, including local, static

and dynamic routes

Multicast Routing 3-218

General Settings Globally enables multicast routing 3-219

Multicast Routing Table

Shows each multicast route this switch has learned

3-161

3-164

3-145

3-148

3-165

3-168

3-170

3-171

3-173

3-219

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Menu Description Page

Routing Protocol 3-152

RIP 3-175

General Settings Enables or disables RIP, sets the global RIP

Network Addresses Configures the network interfaces that will use

Interface Settings Configure RIP parameters for each interface,

Statistics Displays general information on update time,

OSPF 3-186

General Configuration

Area Configuration Specifies rules for importing routes into each

Area Range Configuration

Interface Configuration

Virtual Link Configuration

Network Area Address Configuration

Summary Address Configuration

Redistribute Configuration

3-176

version and timer values

3-178

RIP

3-179 including send and receive versions, message loopback prevention, and authentication

3-183 route changes and number of queries, as well as a list of statistics for known interfaces and neighbors

Enables or disables OSPF; also configures the Router ID and various other global settings

area

Configures route summaries to advertise at an area boundary

Shows area ID and designated router; also configures OSPF protocol settings and authentication for each interface

Configures virtual link through transit area to backbone

Defines OSPF areas and associated interfaces 3-206

Aggregates routes learned from other protocols for advertising into other autonomous systems

Redistributes routes from one routing domain to another

3-188

3-192

3-196

3-198

3-204

3-208

3-210

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AVIGATING THE WEB BROWSER INTERFACE

Menu Description Page

NSSA Settings Configures settings for importing routes into or

exporting routes out of not-so-stubby areas

Link State Database Information

Border Router Information

Neighbor Information

DVMRP 3-222

General Settings Configure global settings for prune and graft

Interface Settings Enables/disables DVMRP per interface and sets

Neighbor Information

Routing Table Displays DVMRP routing information 3-230

PIM-DM

General Settings Enables or disables PIM-DM globally for the

Interface Settings Enables/disables PIM-DM per interface,

Interface Information

Neighbor Information

DHCP 3-53

Relay Configuration Specifies DHCP relay servers; enables or

Server Configures DHCP server parameters 3-53

Shows information about different OSPF Link State Advertisements (LSAs) stored in this router’s database

Displays routing table entries for area border routers and autonomous system boundary routers

Display information about neighboring routers on each interface within an OSPF area

messages, and the exchange of routing information

route metric

Displays neighboring DVMRP routers 3-229

switch

configures protocol settings for hello, prune and graft messages

Displays summary information for each interface 3-236

Displays neighboring PIM-DM routers 3-237

disables relay service

3-212

3-213

3-216

3-217

3-223

3-227

3-232

3-233

3-53

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Menu Description Page

General Enables DHCP server; configures excluded

address range

Pool Configuration Configures address pools for network groups or

a specific host

IP Binding Displays addresses currently bound to DHCP

clients

ACL 3-41

ACL Configuration Configures packet filtering based on IP or MAC

addresses

ACL Port Binding Binds a port to the specified ACL 3-49

Basic Configuration

Displaying System Information

You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name, location and contact information.

Field Attributes

• System Name – Name assigned to the switch system.

• Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem.

• Location – Specifies the system location.

• Contact – Administrator responsible for the system.

• System Up Time – Length of time the management agent has been up.

3-56

3-57

3-62

3-41

These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.

• MAC Address

– The physical layer address for this switch.

• Web server – Shows if management access via HTTP is enabled.

• Web server port – Shows TCP port number used by the Web interface.

• POST result – Shows results of the power-on self-test

* Web: See “Setting the IP Address” on page 3-9.

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Web – Click System, System Information. Specify the system name, location, and contact information for the system administrator, then click Apply. (This page also includes a Telnet button that allows access to the Command Line Interface via Telnet.)

CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information.

Console(config)#hostname R&D 5 4-32 Console(config)#snmp-server location WC 9 4-92 Console(config)#snmp-server contact Ted 4-91 Console(config)#exit Console#show system 4-51 System description: TigerSwitch 10/100 Managed 24+2 L3 Switch System OID string: 1.3.6.1.4.1.202.20.29 System information System Up time: 0 days, 2 hours, 4 minutes, and 7.13 seconds System Name : R&D 5 System Location : WC 9 System Contact : Ted MAC address : 00-30-f1-47-58-3a Web server : enable Web server port : 80 Ingress rate limit : Disabled POST result : Console#

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Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions

Use the Switch Information page to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the system.

Field Attributes

Main Board

• Serial Number – The serial number of the switch.

• Service Tag* – Not implemented.

• Number of Ports – Number of built-in RJ-45 ports and expansion ports.

• Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board.

• Internal Power Status – Displays the status of the internal power supply.

• Redundant Power Status* – Displays the status of the redundant power supply.

Management Software

• Loader Version – Version number of loader code.

• Boot-ROM Version – Version number of Power-On Self-Test (POST) and boot code.

• Operation Code Version – Version number of runtime code.

• Role – Shows that this switch is operating as Master (i.e., operating stand-alone).

Expansion Slots

• Expansion Slot – Indicates any installed module type.

* CLI only.

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Web – Click System, Switch Information.

CLI – Use the following command to display version information.

Console#show version 4-52 Unit1 Serial number :1111111111 Service tag : Hardware version :R0A Number of ports :26 Main power status :up Redundant power status :not present Agent(master) Unit id :1 Loader version :0.0.6.5 Boot rom version :0.0.5.2 Operation code version :0.0.2.24 Console#

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Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities

The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Multicast Filtering, Traffic Classes, and Virtual LANs. You can access these extensions to display default settings for the key variables, or to configure the global setting for GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP).

Command Attributes

• Extended Multicast Filtering Services – This switch does not support the filtering of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol).

• Traffic Classes – This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic classes. (Refer to “Class of Service Configuration” on page 3-120.)

• Static Entry Individual Port – This switch allows static filtering for unicast and multicast addresses. (Refer to “Setting Static Addresses” on page 3-84.)

• VLAN Learning – This switch uses Independent VLAN Learning (IVL), where each port maintains its own filtering database.

• Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or Untagged) on each port. (Refer to “VLAN Configuration” on page 3-102.)

• Local VLAN Capable – This switch does not support multiple local bridges (i.e., multiple Spanning Trees).

• GMRP – GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups. This switch does not support GMRP; it uses the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to provide automatic multicast filtering.

• GVRP – GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. This function should be enabled to permit VLANs groups which extend beyond the local switch. (Default: Disabled)

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Web – Click System, Bridge Extension.

CLI – Enter the following command.

Console#show bridge-ext 4-176 Max support vlan numbers: 255 Max support vlan ID: 4094 Extended multicast filtering services: No Static entry individual port: Yes VLAN learning: IVL Configurable PVID tagging: Yes Local VLAN capable: No Traffic classes: Enabled Global GVRP status: Disabled GMRP: Disabled Console#

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

This section describes how to configure an initial IP interface for management access over the network. The IP address for this switch is unassigned by default. To manually configure an address, you need to change the switch’s default settings (IP address 0.0.0.0 and netmask

255.0.0.0) to values that are compatible with your network. You may also need to a establish a default gateway between the switch and management stations that exist on another network segment (if routing is not enabled on this switch).

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You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an address from a BOOTP or DHCP server. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

Command Usage

• This section describes how to configure a single local interface for initial access to the switch. To configure multiple IP interfaces on this switch, you must set up an IP interface for each VLAN (page 3-155).

• To enable routing between the different interfaces on this switch, you must enable IP routing (page 3-154).

• To enable routing between the interfaces defined on this switch and external network interfaces, you must configure static routes (page 3-172) or use dynamic routing; i.e., either RIP (page 3-175) or OSPF (page 3-186).

• The precedence for configuring IP interfaces is the IP / General / Routing Interface menu (page 3-155), static routes (page 3-172), and then dynamic routing.

Command Attributes

• VLAN – ID of the configured VLAN (1-4094, no leading zeroes). By default, all ports on the switch are members of VLAN 1. However, the management station can be attached to a port belonging to any VLAN, as long as that VLAN has been assigned an IP address.

• IP Address Mode – Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration (Static), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Boot Protocol (BOOTP). If DHCP/BOOTP is enabled, IP will not function until a reply has been received from the server. Requests will be broadcast periodically by the switch for an IP address. (DHCP/ BOOTP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

• IP Address – Address of the VLAN interface through which the management station is attached. Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

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• Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for

routing to specific subnets. (Default: 255.0.0.0)

• Default Gateway – IP address of the gateway router between this device

and management stations that exist on other network segments. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

Manual Configuration

Web – Click IP, General, Routing Interface. Select the VLAN to which the

management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to “Static” and specify a “Primary” interface, enter the IP address and subnet mask, then click Set IP Configuration.

Click IP, Global Setting. If this switch and management stations exist on other network segments, then specify the default gateway, and click Apply.

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CLI – Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-119 Console(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.254 255.255.255.0 4-216 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 4-218 Console(config)#

Using DHCP/BOOTP

If your network provides DHCP/BOOTP services, you can configure the switch to be dynamically configured by these services.

Web – Click IP, General, Routing Interface. Specify the VLAN to which the management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP. Click Apply to save your changes. Then click Restart DHCP to immediately request a new address. Note that the switch will also broadcast a request for IP configuration settings on each power reset.

Note: If you lose your management connection, use a console connection

and enter “show ip interface” to determine the new switch address.

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ASIC CONFIGURATION

CLI – Specify the management interface, and set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP, and then enter the “ip dhcp restart client” command.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-119 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp 4-216 Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart client 4-98 Console#show ip interface 4-219 Vlan 1 is up, addressing mode is Dhcp Interface address is 10.1.0.253, mask is 255.255.255.0, Primary MTU is 1500 bytes Proxy ARP is disabled Split horizon is enabled Console#

Renewing DCHP – DHCP may lease addresses to clients indefinitely or for a specific period of time. If the address expires or the switch is moved to another network segment, you will lose management access to the switch. In this case, you can reboot the switch or submit a client request to restart DHCP service via the CLI.

Web – If the address assigned by DHCP is no longer functioning, you will not be able to renew the IP settings via the Web interface. You can only restart DHCP service via the Web interface if the current address is still available.

CLI – Enter the following command to restart DHCP service.

Console#ip dhcp restart client 4-98

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Managing Firmware

You can upload/download firmware to or from a TFTP server. By saving runtime code to a file on a TFTP server, that file can later be downloaded to the switch to restore operation. You can also set the switch to use new firmware without overwriting the previous version.

Command Attributes

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Name – leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

Note: Up to two copies of the system software (i.e., the runtime

firmware) can be stored in the file directory on the switch. The currently designated startup version of this file cannot be deleted.

Downloading System Software from a Server

When downloading runtime code, you can specify the destination file name to replace the current image, or first download the file using a different name from the current runtime code file, and then set the new file as the startup file.

The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),

the

Web – Click System, Firmware. Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, enter the file name of the software to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click Transfer from Server. To start the new firmware, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

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If you download to a new destination file, then select the file from the drop-down box for the operation code used at startup, and click Apply Changes. To start the new firmware, reboot the system via the System/ Reset menu.

CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, select “config” or “opcode” file type, then enter the source and destination file names, set the new file to start up the system, and then restart the switch.

Console#copy tftp file 4-53 TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.19 Choose file type:

1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 2 Source file name: M100000.bix Destination file name: V1.0 \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success. Console#config Console(config)#boot system opcode:V1.0 4-59 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-28

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings

You can upload/download configuration settings to/from a TFTP server. The configuration file can be later downloaded to restore the switch’s settings.

Command Attributes

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Name — The configuration file name should not contain slashes (\

or /), the leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or

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31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

Note: The maximum number of user-defined configuration files is limited

only by available flash memory space.

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server

You can download the configuration file under a new file name and then set it as the startup file, or you can specify the current startup configuration file as the destination file to directly replace it. Note that the file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” can be copied to the TFTP server, but cannot be used as the destination on the switch.

Web – Click System, Configuration. Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, enter the name of the file to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, and then click Transfer from Server.

If you download to a new file name, then select the new file from the drop-down box for Startup Configuration File, and press Apply Changes. To use the new settings, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

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ASIC CONFIGURATION

CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, specify the source file on the server, set the startup file name on the switch, and then restart the switch.

Console#copy tftp startup-config 4-53 TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.19 Source configuration file name: config-1 Startup configuration file name [] : startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#reload

If you download the startup configuration file under a new file name, you can set this file as the startup file at a later time, and then restart the switch.

Console#config Console(config)#boot system config: startup-new 4-59 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-28

Setting the System Clock

Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP). Maintaining an accurate time on the switch enables the system log to record meaningful dates and times for event entries. Without SNTP, the switch will only record the time from the factory default set at the last bootup.

This switch acts as an SNTP client in two modes:

Unicast – The switch periodically sends a request for a time update to a configured time server. You can configure up to three time server IP addresses. The switch will attempt to poll each server in the configured sequence.

Broadcast – The switch sets its clock from an time server in the same subnet that broadcasts time updates. If there is more than one SNTP server, the switch accepts the first broadcast it detects and ignores broadcasts from other servers.

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Configuring SNTP

You can configure the switch to send time synchronization requests to specific time servers (i.e., client mode), update its clock based on broadcasts from time servers, or use both methods. When both methods are enabled, the switch will update its clock using information broadcast from time servers, but will query the specified server(s) if a broadcast is not received within the polling interval.

Command Attributes

• Current Time – Displays the current time.

• SNTP Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP unicast client. This mode requires at least one time server to be specified in the SNTP Server field.

• SNTP Broadcast client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP broadcast client. This mode requires no other configuration settings; the switch will obtain time updates from time server broadcasts (using the multicast address 224.0.1.1).

• SNTP Poll Interval – Sets the interval between sending requests for a time update from a time server when set to SNTP Client mode. (Range: 16-16284 seconds; Default: 16 seconds)

• SNTP Server – In unicast mode, sets the IP address for up to three time servers. The switch attempts to update the time from the first server. If this fails it attempts an update from the next server in the sequence.

Web – Select SNTP, SNTP Configuration. Modify any of the required parameters, and click Apply.

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CLI – This example configures the switch to operate as an SNTP broadcast client.

Console(config)#sntp client 4-42 Console(config)#sntp poll 16 4-44 Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80

128.250.36.2 4-43 Console(config)#sntp broadcast client 4-45 Console(config)#

Setting the Time Zone

SNTP uses Coordinated Universal Time (or UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT) based on the time at the Earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC.

Command Attributes

• Name – Assigns a name to the time zone.

• Hours (0-12) – The number of hours before/after UTC.

• Minutes (0-59) – The number of minutes before/after UTC.

• Direction – Configures the time zone to be before (east) or after (west) UTC.

Web – Select SNTP, Clock Time Zone. Set the offset for your time zone relative to the UTC, and click Apply.

CLI - This example shows how to set the time zone for the system clock.

Console(config)#clock timezone 06.00 hours 6 minute 58

before-UTC 4-46

Console#

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Resetting the System

Web – Click System, Reset. Click the Reset button to restart the switch.

CLI – Use the reload command to restart the switch.

Console#reload 4-28 System will be restarted, continue <y/n>?

Note: When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On

Self-Test.

User Authentication

Use the Passwords or Radius menu to restrict management access based on specified user names and passwords. You can manually configure access rights on the switch (Passwords menu), or you can use a remote access authentication server based on the RADIUS protocol (Radius menu). After you set up user names and passwords on the RADIUS server, you can use IEEE 802.1x port authentication to control access to specific ports (dot1X menu).

Configuring the Logon Password

The guest only has read access for most configuration parameters. However, the administrator has write access for all parameters governing the onboard agent. You should therefore assign a new administrator password as soon as possible, and store it in a safe place. (If for some reason your password is lost, you can delete all the user-defined configuration files to restore the factory defaults and the default password as described in “Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port” on page B-1.)

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The default guest name is “guest” with the password “guest.” The default administrator name is “admin” with the password “admin.” Note that user names can only be assigned via the CLI.

Command Attributes

• User Name* – The name of the user. (Maximum length: 8 characters; maximum number of users: 5)

• Access Level* – Specifies the user level. (Options: Normal and Privileged)

• Password – Specifies the user password. (Range: 0-8 characters plain text, case sensitive)

* CLI only.

Web – Click System, Passwords. To change the password for the current user, enter the old password, enter the new password, confirm it by entering it again, then click Apply.

CLI – Assign a user name to access-level 15 (i.e., administrator), then specify the password.

Console(config)#username bob access-level 15 4-33 Console(config)#username bob password 0 smith Console(config)#

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Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication

Use the Authentication Settings menu to restrict management access based on specified user names and passwords. You can manually configure access rights on the switch, or you can use a remote access authentication server based on the RADIUS protocol.

Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) is a logon authentication protocol that uses software running on a central server to control access to RADIUS-compliant devices on the network. An authentication server contains a database of multiple user name/ password pairs with associated privilege levels for each user that requires management access to the switch.

Command Usage

• By default, management access is always checked against the authentication database stored on the local switch. If a remote authentication server is used, you must specify the authentication sequence and the corresponding parameters for the remote authentication protocol. Local and remote logon authentication control management access via the console port, web browser, or Telnet.

• RADIUS uses UDP, which only offers best effort delivery. Also, RADIUS encrypts only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server.

• RADIUS logon authentication assigns a specific privilege level for each user name/password pair. The user name, password, and privilege level must be configured on the authentication server.

• You can specify one to two authentication methods for any user to indicate the authentication sequence. For example, if you select

Web Telnet

RADIUS server

1. Client attempts management access.

2. Switch contacts authentication server.

3. Authentication server challenges client.

4. Client responds with proper password or key.

5. Authentication server approves access.

6. Switch grants management access.

console

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(1) RADIUS and (2) Local, the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the RADIUS server is not available, then the local user name and password is checked.

Command Attributes

• Authentication – Select the authentication, or authentication sequence

required:

- Local – User authentication is performed only locally by the switch.

- Radius – User authentication is performed using a RADIUS server only.

- Radius, Local – User authentication is attempted first using a RADIUS server, then locally by the switch.

- Local, Radius – User authentication is first attempted locally by the switch, then using a RADIUS server.

• Server IP Address – Address of authentication server. (Default: 10.1.0.1)

• Server Port Number – Network (UDP) port of authentication server used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 1812)

• Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)

• Number of Server Transmits – Number of times the switch will try to authenticate logon access via the authentication server. (Range: 1-30; Default: 2)

• Timeout for a reply – The number of seconds the switch waits for a reply from the RADIUS server before it resends the request. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 5)

Note: The local switch user database has to be set up by manually

entering user names and passwords using the CLI. (See “username” on page 33.)

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Web – Click System, Radius. To configure local or remote authentication preferences, specify the authentication sequence (i.e., one to two methods), fill in the parameters for RADIUS authentication if selected, and click Apply.

CLI – Specify all the required parameters to enable logon authentication.

Console(config)#authentication login radius 4-60 Console(config)#radius-server host 192.168.1.25 4-62 Console(config)#radius-server port 181 4-63 Console(config)#radius-server key green 4-63 Console(config)#radius-server retransmit 5 4-64 Console(config)#radius-server timeout 10 4-65 Console#show radius-server 4-65 Server IP address: 192.168.1.25 Communication key with radius server: Server port number: 181 Retransmit times: 5 Request timeout: 10 Console(config)#

Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication

Network switches can provide open and easy access to network resources by simply attaching a client PC. Although this automatic configuration and access is a desirable feature, it also allows unauthorized personnel to easily intrude and possibly gain access to sensitive network data.

The IEEE 802.1x (dot1x) standard defines a port-based access control procedure that prevents unauthorized access to a network by requiring users to first submit credentials for authentication. Access to all switch

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ports in a network can be centrally controlled from a server, which means that authorized users can use the same credentials for authentication from any point within the network.

This switch uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs

802.1x client

(EAPOL) to exchange authentication protocol messages with the client, and a remote RADIUS authentication server

RADIUS server

1. Client attempts to access a switch port.

2. Switch sends client an identity request.

3. Client sends back identity information.

4. Switch forwards this to authentication server.

5. Authentication server challenges client.

6. Client responds with proper credentials.

7. Authentication server approves access.

8. Switch grants client access to this port.

to verify user identity and access rights. When a client (i.e., Supplicant) connects to a switch port, the switch (i.e., Authenticator) responds with an EAPOL identity request. The client provides its identity (such as a user name) in an EAPOL response to the switch, which it forwards to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server verifies the client identity and sends an access challenge back to the client. The EAP packet from the RADIUS server contains not only the challenge, but the authentication method to be used. The client can reject the authentication method and request another, depending on the configuration of the client software and the RADIUS server. The authentication method can be MD5, TLS (Transport Layer Security), TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Security), or other. The client responds to the appropriate method with its credentials, such as a password or certificate. The RADIUS server verifies the client credentials and responds with an accept or reject packet. If authentication is successful, the switch allows the client to access the network. Otherwise, network access is denied and the port remains blocked.

The operation of dot1x on the switch requires the following:

• The switch must have an IP address assigned.

• RADIUS authentication must be enabled on the switch and the IP address of the RADIUS server specified.

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• Each switch port that will be used must be set to dot1x “Auto” mode.

• Each client that needs to be authenticated must have dot1x client software installed and properly configured.

• The RADIUS server and 802.1x client support EAP. (The switch only supports EAPOL in order to pass the EAP packets from the server to the client.)

• The RADIUS server and client also have to support the same EAP authentication type – MD5, TLS, TTLS, PEAP, etc. (Some clients have native support in Windows, otherwise the dot1x client must support it.)

Displaying 802.1x Global Settings

The dot1x protocol includes global parameters that control the client authentication process that runs between the client and the switch (i.e., authenticator), as well as the client identity lookup process that runs between the switch and authentication server. These parameters are described in this section.

Command Attributes

• dot1x Re-authentication – Indicates if switch port requires a client to be re-authenticated after a certain period of time.

• dot1x Max Request Count – The maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit an EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session.

• Timeout for Quiet Period – Indicates the time that a switch port waits after the Max Request Count has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client.

• Timeout for Re-authentication Period – Indicates the time period after which a connected client must be re-authenticated.

• Timeout for TX Period – The time period during an authentication session that the switch waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet.

• Supplicant timeout – The time the switch waits for a client response to an EAP request.

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• Server timeout – The time the switch waits for a response from the

authentication server (RADIUS) to an authentication request.

• Re-authentication Max Count – The number of times the switch will

attempt to re-authenticate a connected client before the port becomes unauthorized.

Web – Click dot1x, dot1x Information.

CLI – This example shows the default protocol settings for dot1x. For a

description of the additional entries displayed in the CLI, See “show dot1x” on page 72.

Console#show dot1x 4-72 Global 802.1X Parameters reauth-enabled: yes reauth-period: 300 quiet-period: 350 tx-period: 300 supp-timeout: 30 server-timeout: 30 reauth-max: 2 max-req: 2

802.1X Port Summary Port Name Status Mode Authorized 1 disabled ForceAuthorized n/a 2 disabled ForceAuthorized n/a .

25 disabled ForceAuthorized yes 26 enabled Auto yes

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802.1X Port Details

802.1X is disabled on port 1 .

802.1X is enabled on port 26 Max request 2 Quiet period 350 Reauth period 300 Tx period 300 Status Unauthorized Port-control Auto Supplicant 00-00-00-00-00-00

Authenticator State Machine State Connecting Reauth Count 3 Backend State Machine State Idle Request Count 0 Identifier(Server) 0

Reauthentication State Machine State Initialize Console#

Configuring 802.1x Global Settings

Command Attributes

• dot1X Re-authentication – Sets the client to be re-authenticated after the interval specified by the Timeout for Re-authentication Period. Re-authentication can be used to detect if a new device is plugged into a switch port. (Default: Disabled)

• dot1X Max Request Count – Sets the maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit an EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session. (Range: 1-10; Default 2)

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• Timeout for Quiet Period – Sets the time that a switch port waits after

the dot1X Max Request Count has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 60 seconds)

• Timeout for Re-authentication Period – Sets the time period after

which a connected client must be re-authenticated. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 3600 seconds)

• Timeout for TX Period – Sets the time period during an authentication

session that the switch waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 30 seconds)

• authentication dot1x default* – Sets the default authentication server

type. Note that the specified authentication server type must be enabled and properly configured for dot1x to function properly. (Options: radius).

* CLI only.

Web – Select dot1X, dot1X Configuration. Enable dot1x globally for the switch, modify any of the parameters required, and then click Apply.

CLI – This example enables re-authentication and sets all of the global parameters for dot1x.

Console(config)#dot1x re-authentication 4-69 Console(config)#dot1x max-req 5 4-68 Console(config)#dot1x timeout quiet-period 40 4-70 Console(config)#dot1x timeout re-auth 5 4-70 Console(config)#dot1x timeout tx-period 40 4-71 Console(config)#authentication dot1x default radius 4-67 Console(config)#

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Configuring Port Authorization Mode

When dot1x is enabled, you need to specify the dot1x authentication mode configured for each port.

Command Attributes

• Status – Indicates if authentication is enabled or disabled on the port.

• Mode – Sets the authentication mode to one of the following options:

- Auto – Requires a dot1x-aware client to be authorized by the

authentication server. Clients that are not dot1x-aware will be denied access.

- Force-Authorized – Forces the port to grant access to all clients,

either dot1x-aware or otherwise.

- Force-Unauthorized – Forces the port to deny access to all clients,

either dot1x-aware or otherwise.

• Authorized –

- Yes – Connected client is authorized.

- No – Connected client is not authorized.

- Blank – Displays nothing when dot1x is disabled on a port.

• Supplicant – Indicates the MAC address of a connected client.

• Trunk – Indicates if the port is configured as a trunk port.

Web – Click dot1X, dot1X Port configuration. Select the authentication mode from the drop-down box and click Apply.

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CLI – This example sets the authentication mode to enable dot1x on port 2.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 4-119 Console(config-if)#dot1x port-control auto 4-68 Console(config-if)#

Displaying 802.1x Statistics

This switch can display statistics for dot1x protocol exchanges for any port.

Statistical Values

Parameter Description

Rx EXPOL Start The number of EAPOL Start frames that have been

received by this Authenticator.

Rx EAPOL Logoff The number of EAPOL Logoff frames that have been

received by this Authenticator.

Rx EAPOL Invalid The number of EAPOL frames that have been received

by this Authenticator in which the frame type is not recognized.

Rx EAPOL Total The number of valid EAPOL frames of any type that

have been received by this Authenticator.

Rx EAP Resp/Id The number of EAP Resp/Id frames that have been

received by this Authenticator.

Rx EAP Resp/Oth The number of valid EAP Response frames (other than

Resp/Id frames) that have been received by this Authenticator.

Rx EAP LenError The number of EAPOL frames that have been received

by this Authenticator in which the Packet Body Length field is invalid.

Rx Last EAPOLVer The protocol version number carried in the most

recently received EAPOL frame.

Rx Last EAPOLSrc The source MAC address carried in the most recently

received EAPOL frame.

Tx EAPOL Total The number of EAPOL frames of any type that have

been transmitted by this Authenticator.

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Parameter Description

Tx EAP Req/Id The number of EAP Req/Id frames that have been

transmitted by this Authenticator.

Tx EAP Req/Oth The number of EAP Request frames (other than Rq/Id

frames) that have been transmitted by this Authenticator.

Web – Select dot1X, dot1X Statistics. Select the required port and then click Query. Click Refresh to update the statistics.

CLI – This example displays the dot1x statistics for port 4.

Console#show dot1x statistics interface ethernet 1/4 4-72

Eth 1/4 Rx: EXPOL EAPOL EAPOL EAPOL EAP EAP EAP Start Logoff Invalid Total Resp/Id Resp/Oth LenError 2 0 0 1007 672 0 0

Last Last EAPOLVer EAPOLSrc 1 00-00-E8-98-73-21

Tx: EAPOL EAP EAP Total Req/Id Req/Oth 2017 1005 0 Console#

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Access Control Lists

Access Control Lists (ACL) provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, TCP/UDP port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). To filter incoming packets, first create an access list, add the required rules, and then bind the list to a specific port.

Configuring Access Control Lists

An ACL is a sequential list of permit or deny conditions that apply to IP addresses, MAC addresses, or other more specific criteria. This switch tests incoming packets against the conditions in an ACL one by one. If a list contains all permit rules, a packet will be accepted as soon as it passes any of the rules. If a list contains all deny rules, a packet will be rejected as soon as it fails any one of the rules. In other words, if no rules match for a permit list, the packet is dropped; and if no rules match for a deny list, the packet is accepted.

Command Usage

The following restrictions apply to ACLs:

• Each ACL can have up to 32 rules.

• The maximum number of ACLs is also 32.

• However, due to resource restrictions, the average number of rules

bound to the ports should not exceed 20.

• The switch does not support the explicit “deny any any” rule for the IP

ACL or MAC ACL. If these rules are included in an ACL, and you attempt to bind the ACL to an interface, the bind operation will fail.

• An access list can only contain all permit rules or all deny rules. In other

words, for performance reasons, you cannot mix permit and deny rules in the same list.

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The order in which active ACLs are checked is as follows:

1. User-defined rules in the MAC ACL.

2. User-defined rules in the IP ACL.

3. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the IP ACL.

4. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the MAC ACL.

5. If no explicit rule is matched, the implicit default is permit all.

Setting the ACL Name and Type

Use the ACL Configuration page to designate the name and type of an ACL.

Command Attributes

ACL Configuration – Setting the Name and Type

• Name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters)

• Type – There are three filtering modes:

- Standard: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on the source IP

address.

- Extended: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on source or

destination IP address, as well as protocol type and protocol port number. If the “TCP” protocol type is specified, then you can also filter packets based on the TCP control code.

- MAC: MAC ACL mode that filters packets based on the source or

destination MAC address and the Ethernet frame type (RFC 1060).

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Web – Click ACL, ACL Configuration. Enter an ACL name in the Name field, select the list type (IP Standard, IP Extended, or MAC), and click Add to open the configuration page for the new list.

CLI – This example creates a standard IP ACL named bill.

Console(config)#access-list ip standard bill 4-76 Console(config-std-acl)#

Configuring a Standard IP ACL

Command Attributes

• Action – An ACL can contain all permit rules or all deny rules.

(Default: Permit rules)

• IP – Specifies the source IP address. Use “Any” to include all possible

addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any)

• Address – Source IP address.

• SubMask – A subnet mask containing four integers from 0 to 255, each

separated by a period. The mask uses 1 bits to indicate “match” and 0 bits to indicate “ignore.” The mask is bitwise ANDed with the specified source IP address, and compared with the address for each IP packet entering the port(s) to which this ACL has been assigned.

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Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the mask for an address range. Then click Add.

CLI – This example configures one permit rule for the specific address

10.1.1.21 and another rule for the address range 168.92.16.x – 168.92.31.x

using a bitmask..

Console(config-std-acl)#permit host 10.1.1.21 4-78 Console(config-std-acl)#permit 168.92.16.0 255.255.240.0 Console(config-std-acl)#

Configuring an Extended IP ACL

Command Attributes

• Action – An ACL can contain all permit rules or all deny rules. (Default: Permit rules)

• Src/Dst IP – Specifies the source or destination IP address. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any)

• Src/Dst Address – Source or destination IP address.

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• Src/Dst SubMask – Subnet mask for source or destination address.

(See SubMask in the preceding section.)

• Protocol – Specifies the protocol type to match as TCP, UDP or Others,

where others indicates a specific protocol number (0-255). (Options: TCP, UDP, Others; Default: TCP)

• Src/Dst Port – TCP or UDP source/destination port number.

(Range: 0-65535)

• Control Code – Decimal number (representing a bit string) that specifies

flag bits in byte 14 of the TCP header. (Range: 0-63)

• Control Bitmask – Decimal number representing the code bits to

match.

The control bitmask is a decimal number (for an equivalent binary bit mask) that is applied to the control code. Enter a decimal number, where the equivalent binary bit “1” means to match a bit and “0” means to ignore a bit. The following bits may be specified:

-1 (fin) – Finish

- 2 (syn) – Synchronize

- 4 (rst) – Reset

-8 (psh) – Push

- 16 (ack) – Acknowledgement

- 32 (urg) – Urgent pointer

For example, use the code value and mask below to catch packets with the following flags set:

- SYN flag valid, use “control-code 2 2”

- Both SYN and ACK valid, use “control-code 18 18”

- SYN valid and ACK invalid, use “control-code 2 18”

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Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the mask for an address range. Set any other required criteria, such as service type, protocol type, or TCP control code. Then click Add.

CLI – This example adds three rules:

1. Accept any incoming packets if the source address is in subnet 10.7.1.x. For example, if the rule is matched; i.e., the rule (10.7.1.0 &

255.255.255.0) equals the masked address (10.7.1.2 & 255.255.255.0), the packet passes through.

2. Allow TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 to any destination address when set for destination TCP port 80 (i.e., HTTP).

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3. Permit all TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 with the TCP

control code set to “SYN.”

Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0 any 4-79 Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any

dport 80 Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any tcp control-code 2 2 Console(config-std-acl)#

Configuring a MAC ACL

Command Usage

Egress MAC ACLs only work for destination-mac-known packets, not for multicast, broadcast, or destination-mac-unknown packets.

Command Attributes

• Action – An ACL can contain all permit rules or all deny rules. (Default: Permit rules)

• Source/Destination MAC – Source or destination MAC address.

• Source/Destination Mask – Binary mask for source or destination MAC address.

• Ethernet Type – This option can only be used to filter Ethernet II formatted packets. (Range: 600-fff hex.)

A detailed listing of Ethernet protocol types can be found in RFC 1060. A few of the more common types include 0800 (IP), 0806 (ARP), 8137 (IPX).

• Packet Format – This attribute includes the following packet types:

- Any – Any Ethernet packet type.

- Untagged-eth2 – Untagged Ethernet II packets.

- Untagged-802.3 – Untagged Ethernet 802.3 packets.

- Tagged-eth2 – Tagged Ethernet II packets.

- Tagged-802.3 – Tagged Ethernet 802.3 packets.

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Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or destination addresses. Enter a specific address (e.g., 11-22-33-44-55-66). Or enter a base address and a hexadecimal bitmask for an address range. Set any other required criteria, such as Ethernet type, or packet format. Then click Add.

CLI – This rule permits packets from any source MAC address to the destination address 00-e0-29-94-34-de where the Ethernet type is 0800.

Console(config-mac-acl)#permit any host 00-e0-29-94-34-de ethertype 0800 4-85 Console(config-mac-acl)#

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Binding a Port to an Access Control List

After configuring Access Control Lists (ACL), you can bind the ports that need to filter traffic to the appropriate ACLs. You can only assign one IP access list and/or one MAC access list to any port.

Command Attributes

•Port – Fixed port or module. (Range: 1-26)

• IP – Specifies the IP ACL to bind to a port.

• MAC – Specifies the MAC ACL to bind to a port.

Web – Click ACL, ACL Port Binding. Mark the Enable field for the port you want to bind to an ACL, select the required ACL from the drop-down list, then click Apply.

CLI – This examples assigns an IP and MAC access list to port 1, and an IP access list to port 2.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-119 Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in 4-81 Console(config-if)#mac access-group jerry in 4-87 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in Console(config-if)#

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Simple Network Management Protocol

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a communication protocol designed specifically for managing devices on a network. Equipment commonly managed with SNMP includes switches, routers and host computers. SNMP is typically used to configure these devices for proper operation in a network environment, as well as to monitor them to evaluate performance or detect potential problems.

The switch includes an onboard SNMP agent that continuously monitors the status of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A network management station can access this information using software such as SMC’s EliteView. Access rights to the onboard agent are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the management station must first submit a valid community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings and related trap functions are described in the following sections.

Setting Community Access Strings

You may configure up to five community strings authorized for management access. All community strings used for IP Trap Managers should be listed in this table. For security reasons, you should consider removing the default strings.

Command Attributes

• SNMP Community Capability – Indicates that the switch supports up to five community strings.

• Community String – A community string that acts like a password and permits access to the SNMP protocol.

Default strings: “public” (read-only), “private” (read/write) Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive

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• Access Mode

- Read-Only – Specifies read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects.

- Read/Write – Specifies read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMP Configuration. Add new community strings as required, select the access rights from the Access Mode drop-down list, then click Add.

CLI – The following example adds the string “spiderman” with read/write access.

Console(config)#snmp-server community spiderman rw 4-90 Console(config)#

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types

Traps indicating status changes are issued by the switch to specified trap managers. You must specify trap managers so that key events are reported by this switch to your management station (using network management platforms such as SMC’s EliteView). You can specify up to five management stations that will receive authentication failure messages and other trap messages from the switch.

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Command Usage

• You can enable or disable authentication messages via the Web interface.

• You can enable or disable authentication messages or link-up-down messages via the CLI.

Command Attributes

• Trap Manager Capability – This switch supports up to five trap managers.

• Trap Manager IP Address – Internet address of the host (the targeted recipient).

• Trap Manager Community String – Community string sent with the notification operation. (Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive)

• Enable Authentication Traps – Issues a trap message whenever an invalid community string is submitted during the SNMP access authentication process.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMP Configuration. Fill in the IP address and community string box for each Trap Manager that will receive these messages, mark Enable Authentication Traps if required, and then click Add.

CLI – This example adds a trap manager and enables authentication traps.

Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.23 batman 4-93 Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps authentication 4-94

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Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Key Features

Description of Software Features

System Defaults

Connecting to the Switch

Configuration Options

Required Connections

Remote Connections

Basic Configuration

Console Connection

Setting Passwords

Setting an IP Address

Manual Configuration

Dynamic Configuration

Enabling SNMP Management Access

Community Strings

Trap Receivers

Saving Configuration Settings

Managing System Files

Using the Web Interface

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Home Page

Configuration Options

Panel Display

Main Menu

Basic Configuration

Displaying System Information

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

Manual Configuration

Using DHCP/BOOTP

Managing Firmware

Downloading System Software from a Server

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server

Setting the System Clock

Configuring SNTP

Setting the Time Zone

Resetting the System

User Authentication

Configuring the Logon Password

Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication

Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication

Displaying 802.1x Global Settings

Configuring 802.1x Global Settings

Configuring Port Authorization Mode

Displaying 802.1x Statistics

Access Control Lists

Configuring Access Control Lists

Setting the ACL Name and Type

Configuring a Standard IP ACL

Configuring an Extended IP ACL

Configuring a MAC ACL

Binding a Port to an Access Control List

Simple Network Management Protocol

Setting Community Access Strings

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types