SMC Networks D3USG User Manual

ANSI C63.17-2006

(Revision of

ANSI C63.17-1998)

American National Standard
Methods of Measurement of the
Electromagnetic and Operational
Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal
Communications Services (UPCS)
Devices

I E E E
3 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5997, USA

15 January 2007

Accredited by the American National Standards Institute

Sponsored by the
Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility,

™

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ANSI C63.17-2006

(Revision of

ANSI C63.17-1998)

American National Standard
Methods of Measurement of the
Electromagnetic and Operational
Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal
Communications Services (UPCS)
Devices

Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63™

accredited by the

American National Standards Institute

Secretariat

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc.

Approved 28 June 2006

American National Standards Institute

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Abstract: Specific test procedures are established for verifying the compliance of unlicensed
personal communications services (UPCS) devices with applicable regulatory requirements
regarding radio-frequency emission levels and spectrum access procedures.
Keywords: etiquette, personal communications, RF emissions, spectrum access, unlicensed
devices, UPCS

________________________

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA

Copyright © 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published 15 January 2007. Printed in the United States of America.

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American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and
provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer,
and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude
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CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The
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Introduction

This introduction is not part of ANSI C63.17-2006, American National Standard Methods of Measurement of the
Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal Communications Services (UPCS)
Devices.

In November 1993, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) invited ANSI C63 “to consider
development of standard measurement procedures to support” proposed new provisions to Part 15 of
Volume 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (47CFR15)

a

for unlicensed personal communications
services (UPCS) devices. At its December 1993 meeting, ANSI C63 established a subcommittee (SC 7) to
attempt to develop such standards in cooperation with representatives of the Wireless Information
Networks Forum (WINForum) and other interested parties. The standard ANSI C63.17-1998 was the result
of the efforts of SC 7.

In the fall of 2004, the FCC revised provisions of 47CFR15 governing the 1920 MHz to 1930 MHz UPCS
band. A working group was formed under the aegis of SC 7 to rewrite ANSI C63.17-1998 to reflect the
changes in 47CFR15. This revised standard is, again, the result of the efforts of SC 7.

Notice to users

Errata

Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http://
standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for
errata periodically.

Interpretations

Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/
index.html.Notice to users

Patents

Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter
covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence
or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying
patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for
conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.

________________________

a

For information on references, see Clause 2.

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Participants

At the time this standard was published, the Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic
Compatibility, C63, had the following membership:

Donald N. Heirman, Chair

Dan Hoolihan, Vice Chair

Robert L. Pritchard, Secretary

Organization Represented Name of Representative

Alliance for Telecom Industry Solutions (ATIS)...................................................... Chrys Chrysanthou

James Turner (Alt.)

American Council of Independent Laboratories (ACIL) .......................................... Michael F. Violette

William Stumpf (Alt.)

American Radio Relay League (ARRL)................................................................... Edward F. Hare

Dennis Bodson (Alt.)

Cisco Systems........................................................................................................... Werner Schaefer

Curtis-Straus LLC..................................................................................................... Jon Curtis

Jonathan Stewart (Alt.)

Dell Inc. .................................................................................................................... Richard Worley

ETS-Lindgren ........................................................................................................... Michael Foegelle

Zhong Chen (Alt.)

Federal Communications Commission (FCC).......................................................... William Hurst

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)...................................................................... Jon P. Casamento

Jeffrey L. Silberberg (Alt.)

Hewlett-Packard Company ....................................................................................... Kenneth Hall

Colin Brench (Alt.)

Information Technology Industry Council (ITIC) .................................................... John Hirvela

Joshua Rosenberg (Alt.)

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE).................................. Donald N. Heirman

IEEE-EMCS ............................................................................................................. H. Stephen Berger

Donald Sweeney (Alt.)

Lucent Technologies................................................................................................. Dheena Moongilan

National Institute of Standards and Technology....................................................... Dennis Camell

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).................................................................. Poul Andersen

Gary Fenical (Alt.)

Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications................................................................... Gerard Hayes

Steve Coston (Alt.)

TUV-America, Inc.................................................................................................... David Zimme

Joel Schneider (Alt.)

Underwriters Laboratories ........................................................................................ Michael Windler

Robert Delisi (Alt.)

U.S. Department of Defense—Joint Spectrum Center.............................................. Marcus Shellman

Joseph Snyder (Alt.)

U.S. Department of the Navy—SPAWAR ............................................................... David Southworth

Individual Members.................................................................................................. Robert Hofmann

Daniel Hoolihan
John Lichtig
Ralph M. Showers

Members Emeritus.................................................................................................... Warren Kesselman

Herbert Mertel
Norman Violette

rman

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At the time this standard was completed, the C63 Subcommittee 7 Working Group had the following
membership:

H. Stephen Berger, Chair

Dag Åkerberg, Vice Chair

Steve Cahill, Technical Editor

William Brasier

Greg Czumak
Joseph Dichoso

William Hurst

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Contents

1. Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Applications......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Roadmap to the document ................................................................................................................... 2

2. Normative references.................................................................................................................................. 2

3. Definitions, symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations ................................................................................... 3

3.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 3

3.2 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................... 5

3.3 Acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 6

4. Radiated and conducted emissions test methodology................................................................................. 6

4.1 Test facilities and equipment............................................................................................................... 7

4.2 Test configurations and setup.............................................................................................................. 8

4.3 Transmitted power and monitoring threshold limits............................................................................ 9

4.4 Limits for radiated and conducted tests............................................................................................. 11

4.5 Conducted measurements of products with identical collocated transmitting and monitoring

antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 11

4.6 Conducted measurements of products with collocated transmitting and monitoring antennas of

different types.................................................................................................................................. 11

4.7 Conducted measurements of products with arbitrarily placed transmitting and monitoring

antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 12

4.8 Radiated measurements of products with identical collocated transmitting and monitoring

antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 12

4.9 Radiated measurements of products with collocated transmitting and monitoring antennas of

different types.................................................................................................................................. 13

4.10 Radiated measurements of products with arbitrarily placed transmitting and monitoring

antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 13

4.11 Manufacturer’s declarations and descriptions.................................................................................. 14

5. Measurement instrumentation .................................................................................................................. 14

6. RF measurements ..................................................................................................................................... 15

6.1 Emissions tests................................................................................................................................... 15

6.2 Frequency and time stability.............................................................................................................. 19

7. Monitoring tests........................................................................................................................................ 22

7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 22

7.2 Calibration of levels........................................................................................................................... 25

7.3 Deferral thresholds and channel selection ......................................................................................... 26

7.4 Threshold monitoring bandwidth....................................................................................................... 29

7.5 Reaction time and monitoring interval .............................................................................................. 30

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vii

8. Time and spectrum window access procedure ......................................................................................... 31

8.1 Timing for EUTs using control and signaling channel-type transmissions ....................................... 32

8.2 Timing for EUTs using communications channel-type transmissions............................................... 34

8.3 Duplex connections ........................................................................................................................... 35

8.4 Alternative monitoring interval ......................................................................................................... 39

9. Test report................................................................................................................................................. 39

9.1 Test report contents ........................................................................................................................... 39

9.2 Applicable standards.......................................................................................................................... 39

9.3 Equipment units tested....................................................................................................................... 40

9.4 Test configuration.............................................................................................................................. 40

9.5 List of test equipment ........................................................................................................................ 40

9.6 Units of measurement........................................................................................................................ 40

9.7 Location of test site............................................................................................................................ 40

9.8 Measurement procedures................................................................................................................... 40

9.9 Reporting measurement data ............................................................................................................. 40

9.10 General and special conditions ........................................................................................................ 41

9.11 Summary of results.......................................................................................................................... 41

9.12 Required signatures ......................................................................................................................... 41

9.13 Test report appendixes..................................................................................................................... 41

9.14 Test report disposition ..................................................................................................................... 41

Annex A (informative) 47CFR15, Subpart D—Rules and test cases for UPCS devices.............................. 42

Annex B (informative) Radiated and conducted measurement of power output and monitoring

thresholds............................................................................................................................................ 50

B.1 General.............................................................................................................................................. 50

B.2 Power limits ...................................................................................................................................... 51

B.3 Transmit power and monitoring threshold test method selection ..................................................... 52

B.4 General guidelines on measurement conditions and procedures....................................................... 54

Annex C (informative) Options for implementing the tests of Clause 7 and Clause 8................................. 55

C.1 Multicarrier interference generator ................................................................................................... 55

C.2 General.............................................................................................................................................. 55

C.3 Alternative approaches...................................................................................................................... 59

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American National Standard Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal Communications Services (UPCS) Devices

1.

Overview

1.1

Scope

This standard sets forth uniform methods of measurement of the electromagnetic and operational
compatibility of unlicensed personal communications services (UPCS) devices. This standard does not
cover licensed personal communications services (PCS) devices. The recommended methods are applicable
to the radio transmitter and monitoring devices contained in the UPCS device. These methods apply to the
measurement of individual UPCS devices. Additional methods may be added to this standard to fulfill
future requirements.

In addition to the measurements specified herein, UPCS devices may also be required to be tested in
accordance with other standards. Examples are listed in Annex A.

1.2

Applications

The procedures given herein may be used to test UPCS devices permitted under 47CFR15, Subpart D.1 The
emissions and operational characteristics of UPCS devices are the basic parameters affecting UPCS
coexistence with other electronic devices and systems. In particular, compliance with this standard may be
used to demonstrate electromagnetic compatibility with other UPCS systems and other systems operating in
the same and adjacent frequency bands.

1

For information on references, see Clause 2.

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1

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

ANSI C63.17-2006

This standard describes preferred test methods, test facilities and, in some cases, alternative test methods
and facilities. If these methods and facilities do not apply to the equipment under test (EUT), the
manufacturer must explain why and must provide an alternative test procedure that has been approved by
the applicable regulatory agency. If alternative test methods or facilities are employed, every effort should
be made to establish correlation with the preferred ones.

Where the word shall is used in this document, it indicates something that is mandatory for compliance
with this standard. The word should indicates something that is advisory only.

1.3

Roadmap to the document

The tests for UPCS devices fall into two categories. The first category includes the traditional set of radio­frequency (RF) measurements of radiated power, emission mask, power spectral density (PSD), etc. These
tests are given in Clause 6 of this standard. The second category includes tests for the channel monitoring
and access requirements unique to UPCS devices. These requirements are sometimes collectively referred
to as the spectrum etiquette. The associated tests are described in Clause 7 and Clause 8 of this standard,
and relate to 47CFR15.323. Section 15.323 of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations requires that a
UPCS device (the EUT) monitor the received RF power level on the intended transmit channel

2

before
transmitting, and it also provides criteria that the monitored power level must satisfy to allow the EUT to
transmit on that channel. The tests in Clause 7 and Clause 8 are designed to verify compliance with these
requirements. Annex A provides a table showing the sections in 47CFR15 that correspond to the tests in
this document.

To test for compliance with the monitoring and access requirements, it is necessary to subject the EUT to
deliberate interference with controlled spectral and temporal characteristics on a selected channel or
channels, and observe the reaction of the EUT. To restrict operation of the EUT to the selected channel(s),
interference or administrative commands are used to block the other channels.

Clause 6, Clause 7, and Clause 8 give the fundamental tests. Clause 4 discusses test methodology for both
radiated and conducted RF emission, monitoring, and access tests. Radiated tests measure field strength to
determine the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), power density, and out-of-band emissions
(Clause 6). For the monitoring and access tests of Clause 7 and Clause 8, a calibrated field strength is
applied to the EUT if radiated measurements are used. If all EUT antennas are detachable, the tests of
Clause 6, Clause 7, and Clause 8 shall be done on a conducted basis; that is, RF connections can be made
between the EUT, its companion device, and the RF measuring instrument and interference generators via
shielded coaxial cable. There must be adequate shielding around the EUT (and possibly the companion
device) to prevent unintended RF coupling.

Clause 5 provides guidance on selection of measurement instrumentation, and Clause 9 summarizes the
information that should be provided in the test report.

2.

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.

ANSI C63.4-2003, American National Standard for Methods of Measurement of Radio-Noise Emissions
from Low-Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Range of 9 kHz to 40 GHz.

3

2

“Channel” is used here to denote a time/spectrum window.

3

ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor,

New York, NY 10036, USA (http://www.ansi.org/).

2

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

ANSI C63.17-2006

ANSI C63.14-1998, American National Standard Dictionary for Technologies of Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC), Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).

Code of Federal Regulations Title 47 Part 2 (47CFR2), Frequency Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters:
General Rules and Regulations.

4

Code of Federal Regulations Title 47 Part 15 (47CFR15), Subpart D, Telecommunication—Radio
Frequency Devices—Unlicensed Personal Communications Service Devices.

IEEE Std 149

™-1979, IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas.

5, 6

3. Definitions, symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations

3.1 Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. IEEE 100™, The Authoritative
Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition, and ANSI C63.14-1998, unless otherwise noted in

the definitions of this clause, apply throughout this document. Definitions in particular product standards or
in applicable regulations take precedence.

3.1.1 activate: Apply power to the EUT; the EUT is running, but user-level communication is not
occurring. For example, for a voice system after activation, the two ends of the link are synchronized, but
no voice communication has begun. See also: initiate.

3.1.2 bandwidth, emission, B: The bandwidth in hertz of the signal between two points, one below the
carrier center frequency and one above the carrier center frequency, that are 26 dB down relative to the
maximum level of the modulated carrier. It is based on the use of measurement instrumentation employing
a peak detector function with an instrument resolution bandwidth (RBW) approximately equal to 1.0% of
the measured emission bandwidth of the EUT [see 47CFR15.303(c)].

3.1.3 channel: A repeated time and spectrum combination used for communications. In 47CFR15.323(c),
the FCC uses the description a “combined time and spectrum window.” In this standard, channel and access
channel have the same meaning.

3.1.4 communications channel: A repeated time and frequency window whose primary purpose is the
transmission of user-level communications. See also: control and signaling channel.

3.1.5 conducted emission and monitoring tests: Tests performed with RF signal sources (to test
monitoring thresholds) and instrumentation (to measure emissions) connected directly to the antenna port
on the EUT transceiver through appropriate RF attenuation, if applicable, via shielded coaxial cable and
passive combiner/splitter networks. See also: radiated emission and monitoring tests.

3.1.6 control and signaling channel: A repeated time and frequency window whose exclusive purpose is
the transmission of information used by a system incorporating the EUT to maintain timing
synchronization or other information that does not require repeated and ongoing acknowledgement (e.g., a
beacon used to broadcast a timing synchronization and identification signal). See also: communications
channel.

4

U.S. Regulatory Guides are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082,

Washington, DC 20013-7082, USA (http://www.access.gpo.gov/).

5

The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

6

IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331,

Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http://standards.ieee.org/).

3

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

ANSI C63.17-2006

3.1.7 different collocated: Two or more antennas of substantially differing gains or efficiencies, with a
mutual separation distance of 1 m or less, mounted on or within one housing, for the purpose of providing
diversity against multipath fading.

3.1.8 digital modulation: The process by which the characteristics of a carrier wave are varied among a set
of predetermined discrete values in accordance with a digital modulating function.

3.1.9 frame jitter: Time-related, abrupt, spurious variations in the duration of the frame interval.

3.1.10 frame period: A set of consecutive time slots in which the position of each time slot can be

identified by reference to a synchronizing source.

3.1.11 frequency administration commands: Means of control of the EUT directly or through the
companion device. This functionality is provided by the manufacturer to ease testability of the EUT. This
functionality may include providing a control operator with external controls enabled to force the EUT to
use only one or a subset of all the available carriers, and/or one or a subset of all of the available timeslots,
and/or to disable diversity antenna selection. Functionality may be provided by the setting of unique values
within nonvolatile memory in the EUT or companion device, or by other means not at variance with the
requirements of 47CFR15.

3.1.12 identical collocated: Two or more antennas of the same type, with substantially similar
performance and with a mutual separation distance of 1 m or less, mounted on or within one housing, for
the purpose of providing diversity against multipath fading.

3.1.13 initiate: Cause the EUT to attempt to begin user-level communications, typically via the user
interface, or in response to user-level data. For example, for a voice system, to initiate, press the ‘TALK’
control to enable voice communications. See also: activate.

3.1.14 initiating device: A UPCS device that monitors both duplex channels of a duplex transmission pair
in order to qualify both its own and a responding device’s transmit channel for compliance with the spectral
etiquette. See also: responding device. This capability is used in accordance with 47CFR15.323(c)(10) to
simplify the implementation of a UPCS system.

3.1.15 listen before transmit (LBT): An interference avoidance mechanism that mandates monitoring of a
selected channel to determine availability before transmission.

3.1.16 least interfered channel (LIC): An interference avoidance mechanism that extends the LBT
mechanism to monitor all potential channels, determining the LIC, before transmitting on that channel.
Under 47CFR15.323, this mode of operation is limited to those systems with 40 or more channels.

3.1.17 operational failure: The inability of an EUT to perform a function that is required as a response to
system conditions or to a manually or automatically initiated command.

3.1.18 peak transmit power, P

: The peak power output observed over an interval of time equal to the

EUT

transmission burst duration of the EUT under all conditions of modulation.

3.1.19 power spectral density (PSD): The peak pulse power measured in a defined bandwidth.

3.1.20 radiated emission and monitoring tests: Tests performed with RF signal sources (to test

monitoring thresholds) and instrumentation (to measure emissions) connected to test antennas. See:

conducted emission and monitoring tests.

3.1.21 reaction time: The reaction time is the minimum duration of the interference present during the

monitoring interval that must be detected by the EUT so as to determine that the monitored time and
spectrum window is occupied.

4

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

ANSI C63.17-2006

3.1.22 responding device: A UPCS device that does not monitor its own transmit channel, but rather
operates in partnership with an initiating device, which monitors both duplex channels of a duplex
transmission pair in order to qualify both its own and the responding device’s transmit channel for
compliance with the spectral etiquette. See also: initiating device. This capability is used in accordance
with 47CFR15.323(c)(10) to simplify the implementation of a UPCS system.

3.1.23 spectrum window: An amount of spectrum bandwidth equal to the intended emission bandwidth in
which operation is desired.

3.1.24 thermal noise power: The noise power in watts defined by the formula N = kTB, where N is
the noise power in watts, k is Boltzmann's constant, T is the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin
(e.g., 295 K), and B is the emission bandwidth of the EUT in hertz.

3.1.25 time window: An interval of time in which transmission is desired.

3.1.26 threshold, lower, T

: The level of other-user signal that constitutes the maximum threshold for an

L

active channel for the EUT’s LBT algorithm if the EUT system supports less than 40 channels, taking into
account the transmission bandwidth and actual transmit power of the EUT.

3.1.27 threshold, upper, T

: The level of other-user signal that constitutes the maximum threshold for an

U

active channel for the EUT’s LBT algorithm if the EUT system supports 40 or more channels and
incorporates an LIC function, taking into account the transmission bandwidth and actual transmit power of
the EUT.

3.1.28 unlicensed personal communications service (UPCS) device: Intentional radiators operating in
the frequency band specified by the applicable regulating agency that provide a wide array of mobile and
ancillary fixed communication services to individuals and businesses without requiring operational license
from the regulatory agency.

3.2 Symbols

3.2.1 B

3.2.2 B

3.2.3 D: The largest linear dimension of the body of the EUT.

3.2.4 E

antenna gain.

: The measured emissions bandwidth must be less than B

limitU

: The measured emissions bandwidth must be greater than B

limitL

: The maximum field strength of radiated emissions at the angle and polarization of maximum

EUTmax

[see 47CFR15.323(a)].

limitU

[see 47CFR15.323(a)].

limitL

3.2.5 G: Antenna maximum gain above which maximum allowable transmit power is reduced [see
47CFR15.319(e)].

3.2.6 G

: EUT antenna gain at the angle and polarization of maximum gain, expressed as decibels relative

A

to isotropic antenna gain (dBi).

3.2.7 M

: The maximum amount in decibels by which the lower threshold may exceed thermal noise for an

L

EUT transmitting the maximum allowed power.

3.2.8 M

: The maximum amount in decibels by which the upper threshold may exceed thermal noise for an

U

EUT transmitting the maximum allowed power.

5

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

ANSI C63.17-2006

3.2.9 P

: The peak transmit power that the EUT must not exceed, taking into account antenna gain (GA)

limit

and emissions bandwidth.

3.2.10 P

: The peak transmit power that the EUT must not exceed, if antenna gain is less than G, taking

max

into account emissions bandwidth.

3.2.11 PSD

3.2.12 PSD

: The EUT’s maximum of peak transmit power measured in any 3 kHz bandwidth.

EUT

: The peak transmit power in any 3 kHz measurement bandwidth that the EUT must not

limit

exceed.

3.2.13 P

: The power to be applied to a reference antenna input connecter on a radiated test range, at a

Tref

level necessary to achieve the desired signal level at the EUT.

3.2.14 U

: Margin of 6 dB for uncertainty in the threshold measurements, incorporating the effects of EUT

M

measurement noise and uncertainty.

3.3 Acronyms and abbreviations

CW continuous wave
dBc decibels relative to the total carrier power
dBi decibels referenced to isotropic antenna gain
dBm decibels referenced to one milliwatt
dBµV/m field strength in decibels referenced to one microvolt per meter
EIRP effective isotropic radiated power
EUT equipment under test
k Boltzmann’s constant
LBT listen before transmit
LIC least interfered channel
LVDS low-voltage differential signaling

M

lower interference threshold (decibels above thermal)

L

M

upper interference threshold (decibels above thermal)

U

OATS open-area test site
PCS personal communications services
ppm parts per million
PSD power spectral density
RBW resolution bandwidth
RF radio frequency
TDD time-division duplexing
TDMA time-division multiple access
TEM transverse electromagnetic

T

received signal level threshold, upper or lower as appropriate

M

the lower threshold for deferral

T

L

the upper threshold for deferral

T

U

U

provision for measurement uncertainty and noise

M

UPCS unlicensed personal communications services
VHDCI very high density cable interconnect

4. Radiated and conducted emissions test methodology

To perform the RF emission tests in Clause 6 and the monitoring and access tests in Clause 7 and Clause 8,
it is necessary to have controlled RF paths between the EUT and the measurement instrumentation, as well
as between the EUT and the interference generators. If the EUT requires a companion device to operate,
there must also be a controlled RF path between the EUT and its companion device.

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

ANSI C63.17-2006

These controlled RF paths may be realized either as “radiated” (through space) or “conducted” (over
coaxial cable) paths. In the radiated case, the tests must be performed in a facility with controlled RF
propagation characteristics, so that the path loss can be controlled by varying separation between
transceiver and monitoring/source antennas. In the conducted case, the tests can be performed anywhere
there is adequate shielding to prevent external interference from affecting the test results. Signals can be
combined and distributed using passive networks (e.g., hybrids, RF attenuators, Butler matrices,7
directional couplers). Path loss can be controlled with RF attenuators.

This clause provides guidance on implementation of the conducted and radiated measurements of transmit
power and monitoring threshold. Supporting derivations are given in Annex B.

Conducted tests are preferred to radiated tests, and should be used for tests not affected by antenna
selectivity if the EUT antenna can be detached for testing purposes. If the EUT antenna or antennas are
replaced by a direct connection, the connection should be made in an impedance-matched fashion so that
matching losses relative to the antenna connection are less than 2 dB.

4.1

Test facilities and equipment

Tests should be performed at the manufacturer's recommended normal operating temperature and voltage.8
Unless stated otherwise, the requirements of ANSI C63.4-2003 apply to the test facilities, including the site
design, dimensions, and validation. Additional site validation requirements above 1 GHz are currently
under development. Portions of this standard place requirements on the test facilities, in addition to the
general requirements of ANSI C63.4-2003.

When shielding facilities (shielded room, semi-anechoic chamber or anechoic chamber) are used for
operational compatibility testing, the shielding effectiveness of the room shall be such as to ensure
compliance with electromagnetic emission limits for the environment outside of the room and reduce the
ambients penetrating into the room to levels at least 10 dB below the weakest measured signal.

When the free-space test environment is simulated, the reflections from the facility confines, as well as the
reflections from any extraneous objects at the test site, must be reduced to levels at least 10 dB below the
direct (free-space) signal.

9

The diagram in Figure 1 lists the types of test facilities that may be used for measurements specified in this
standard.

In all cases, the test facilities and equipment must be fit for the purpose of measuring the parameters and
operations of the EUT according to the requirements of 47CFR15, and in accordance with good
engineering practice.

7

A Butler matrix is a network of 3 dB hybrids that provides a passive combining/splitting function for coupling multiple RF inputs to

multiple RF outputs.

8

Use ambient conditions unless otherwise specified as in Table 7. Nominal mains voltage of 115 V (ac) (or fresh battery pack as

appropriate) may be used.

9

To check for reflections or other influence from nearby objects move the EUT one-quarter-wavelength relative to the structure,
repositioning the measurement antenna or probe, so as to keep the same relative spacing between the EUT and measurement antenna
or probe. Compare the results. The EUT may also be reoriented by 45° or 90° and measured.

The RF ambient and instrumentation noise floor shall be > 20 dB below the intended measurement limit.

If it is not practical to measure the reflection loss, then the two-wavelength spacing rule may be used. By this rule, all potentially
reflective objects are kept greater than two wavelengths away from the EUT.

7

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

ANSI C63.17-2006

Figure 1

—Test facilities that may be used

4.2

Test configurations and setup

Clause 6 provides detailed tests of parameters related to RF emissions, such as peak transmit power,
emission bandwidth, and PSD. Those tests are similar to emission tests performed on most non-UPCS
devices. Clause 7 and Clause 8 provide tests that verify compliance with the monitoring and access
requirements that are unique to UPCS devices. These tests require observation of the electrical performance
characteristics of the EUT in the presence of controlled interference of a specific frequency, power level,
and modulation format. The monitoring and access tests have implications for the conducted and radiated
test setups.

The monitoring antenna refers to the EUT antenna used to monitor the RF signal on the channel prior to
transmission. In many cases, the monitoring antenna will be the same as the transmitting antenna. If it is
not, then the monitoring and access tests are further complicated by the need to ensure that the monitoring
antenna provides “coverage” that is at least equivalent to that which would be provided by the transmit
antenna.

This standard identifies six test configurations. Each configuration is discussed in a separate subclause as
shown in Table 1.

Table 1

—Test specifications for different antenna configurations

Transmit/monitoring Subclause

Antenna

comparison and

placement

Conducted

measurement based

test (preferred)

Radiated

measurement based

test

Single, or identical collocated 4.5 4.8

Different collocated 4.6 4.9

Arbitrarily placed 4.7 4.10

8

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

ANSI C63.17-2006

Independent of antenna type and placement, the measurement type (i.e., conducted or radiated) can be
selected by the product manufacturer and specified in the compliance report. Conducted measurements are
generally required for systems with detachable antennas for measurements where antenna frequency
selectivity is not a factor.

Compliance measurements utilize standard EMC and antenna techniques for conducted power, radiated
field, and EIRP measurements. The conducted test setup is based on power measurements at the EUT
transmit, receive, and monitoring antenna terminals. The associated compliance limits for the UPCS
products depend on the transmit antenna gain G

. The value of GA is declared by the manufacturer.

A

Since the transmitter and receiver radiated power parameters can be expressed in several different but
equivalent ways, a number of alternative compliance test procedures can be used for radiated
measurements. The general radiated test setup is based on free-space environment measurements as shown
in Figure 2, where D is the largest dimension of the EUT (see Figure 3 for the general conducted test
setup). The free-space test site is defined such that the reflections from any ground planes and other
reflecting objects are at least 10 dB below the line-of-sight signal. The reference antenna is used to measure
the EUT radiating power and to establish the monitoring threshold fields at the transmit and monitoring
antennas. The associated compliance limits are based on the EIRP. The antenna gain and the EIRP
evaluations should be performed as recommended in IEEE Std 149-1979.

Figure 2

—Radiated measurements in free-space environment

Equivalent radiated tests can be performed in facilities that do not provide for a free-space environment
and/or measure radiated power (wideband transverse electromagnetic (TEM), etc.). Instead of using the
reference antenna, the necessary power levels are generated and/or measured by the test facility itself. If
alternative measurements are used, the test results must be correlated with those obtained using antenna
measurements in a free-space environment.

4.3

Transmitted power and monitoring threshold limits

The spectrum etiquette for UPCS systems requires that one or both ends of a linked pair monitor a channel
for other users in proximity, prior to transmitting. The EUT must defer using the channel if the amount of
other-user signal detected is above a threshold. EUT systems that support a large number of users and
implement the LIC algorithm are permitted to use an upper threshold for interference; EUT systems that

9

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

−

ANSI C63.17-2006

support a lesser number of users or do not implement the LIC algorithm are required to use a lower
threshold. EUT transmit power is also limited, and the thresholds are adjusted to normalize the anticipated
interference generated by an EUT in proportion to its transmit power.

4.3.1 Peak transmit power

P

, the EUT transmit power at the antenna terminals, must be less than a maximum, as shown in the

EUT

following equation:

gGgGP

where

PPP

limitlimitEUT

max

=≤

max

when ),(

when ,

A

>−−

AA

gGP

≤

(1)

where

is equal to 5 log B − 10 dBm, or 10

P

max

−4

W, from 47CFR15.319(c)

B

B is the emission bandwidth (in hertz)

G

(dBi) is the EUT transmit antenna maximum gain (declared by the manufacturer)

A

g is the allowable excess gain over that of an isotropic antenna without a transmit power

reduction

4.3.2

Peak transmit PSD

10

PSD
less than PSD

, the peak EUT transmit power at the antenna terminals measured in a 3 kHz bandwidth, must be

EUT

, as follows:

limit

PSD

4.3.3

= 3 mW/3kHz, from 47CFR15.319(d) (2)

limit

Upper monitoring threshold

The EUT’s upper monitoring threshold power at the monitoring antenna terminals shall be less than a
maximum, as shown in the following equation:

≤

is a level specified in 47CFR15.323(c) and is the maximum amount in decibels by which the upper

M

U

UU

PPMBT

−+++

)log10174(

dBm

EUTmax

(3)

threshold may exceed thermal noise for an EUT transmitting the maximum allowed power.

4.3.4

Lower monitoring threshold

The EUT’s lower monitoring threshold power at the monitoring antenna terminals shall be less than a
maximum, shown in the following equation:

LL

PPMBT

−+++−≤

)log10174(

dBm

EUTmax

(4)

M

is a level specified in 47CFR15.323(c) and is the maximum amount in decibels by which the lower

L

threshold may exceed thermal noise for an EUT transmitting the maximum allowed power.

10

47CFR15.319(e) specifies that g = 3 dBi.

10

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

−−−

=

π

λ

ANSI C63.17-2006

4.4 Limits for radiated and conducted tests

When conducted tests are performed, the limits from Equation (1), Equation (2), and Equation (3) or
Equation (4) in 4.3.1 through 4.3.4 apply directly. For radiated tests, those limits must be translated to the
equivalent limits on EIRP and monitoring threshold field strength, respectively. EIRP limits corresponding
to Equation (1) are given in the following equation:

11

EIRP

EUT

max

≤

max

gGgP

>+

,

A

gGGP

≤+

,

AA

(5)

To test for monitoring threshold compliance using radiated techniques, a reference antenna is used to
generate the required field strength at the monitoring antenna. The EUT’s antenna gain affects the EUT’s
radiated interference level into other users intended to be protected by the LBT and LIC provisions, and the
test for monitoring compliance needs to account for this. Accordingly, the transmit power P

that must be

Tref

applied to the reference antenna terminals to induce the effective signal detectable by the EUT’s monitoring
elements can be expressed in terms of the EUT’s antenna gain as follows:

()

AM

4log20 GrGTP

REFTref

(6)

where

T

is the desired signal level received by the EUT

M

G

(dBi) is the EUT’s antenna gain in the direction and polarization of maximum

A

G

(dBi) is the gain of the reference antenna in the direction of the EUT and copolarized

REF

λ is the signal wavelength in meters

r is the distance from the reference antenna to the EUT monitoring antenna in meters

4.5

Conducted measurements of products with identical collocated transmitting

and monitoring antennas

Disconnect the EUT antenna and measure power P

at its terminals during EUT transmission, as

EUT

specified in Clause 6 of this standard. Measure the monitoring threshold(s) using the procedures in Clause 7
of this standard.

4.6

Conducted measurements of products with collocated transmitting and

monitoring antennas of different types

When the monitoring antenna is different from the transmitting antenna, it must be verified that the
monitoring antenna provides coverage equivalent to or better than that of the transmitting antenna. This
means that the monitoring system shall cause deference to any transmission of sufficient strength to induce
a power level in the EUT transmit antenna that exceeds the threshold for the EUT, measured at the
transmitting antenna input.

The transmit power compliance test of Clause 6 shall be performed as stated in 4.5. Calculate the maximum
appropriate threshold T
interference power sufficiently less than T
when interference power equal to or greater than T

11

Because the EIRP limit is independent of GA for GA > 3 dBi, and most practical radiating devices will not have a gain sufficiently

below 3 dBi for the difference 3 dBi − G

or TU using Equation (2) or Equation (3), and verify that the EUT transmits when

L

or TU is applied to the monitoring antenna terminals and defers

L

or TU is applied to the terminals.

L

to be accurately measurable, there may be a gain-independent EIRP limit in the future.

A

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