SMC Networks 100BASE-TX, 16 10BASE-T User Manual

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TigerSwitch 10/100

16-Port Fast Ethernet Switch

◆ 16 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports

◆ Optional 1000BASE-X or 100BASE-FX modules

◆ 8.8 Gbps of aggregate bandwidth

◆ Non-blocking switching architecture

◆ Spanning Tree Protocol

◆ Up to four port trunks

◆ RADIUS and TACACS+ authentication

◆ Rate limiting for bandwidth management

◆ QoS support for four-level priority

◆ Full support for VLANs with GVRP

◆ IP Multicasting with IGMP Snooping

◆ Manageable via console, Web, SNMP/RMON

Management Guide

SMC6716AL2

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TigerSwitch 10/100 Installation Guide

From SMC’s Tiger line of feature-rich workgroup LAN solutions

38 Tesla Irvine, CA 92618 Phone: (949) 679-8000

July 2004

Pub. # 150000013500H

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Information furnished by SMC Networks, Inc. (SMC) is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SMC for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SMC. SMC reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice.

SMC Networks, Inc.

38 Tesla

Irvine, CA 92618.

Trademarks:

SMC is a registered trademark; and TigerStack and TigerSwitch are trademarks of SMC Networks, Inc. Other product and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

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IMITED

Limited Warranty Statement: SMC Networks, Inc. (“SMC”) warrants its products to be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and service, for the applicable warranty term. All SMC products carry a standard 90-day limited warranty from the date of purchase from SMC or its Authorized Reseller. SMC may, at its own discretion, repair or replace any product not operating as warranted with a similar or functionally equivalent product, during the applicable warranty term. SMC will endeavor to repair or replace any product returned under warranty within 30 days of receipt of the product.

The standard limited warranty can be upgraded to a Limited Lifetime* warranty by registering new products within 30 days of purchase from SMC or its Authorized Reseller. Registration can be accomplished via the enclosed product registration card or online via the SMC Web site. Failure to register will not affect the standard limited warranty. The Limited Lifetime warranty covers a product during the Life of that Product, which is defined as the period of time during which the product is an “Active” SMC product. A product is considered to be “Active” while it is listed on the current SMC price list. As new technologies emerge, older technologies become obsolete and SMC will, at its discretion, replace an older product in its product line with one that incorporates these newer technologies. At that point, the obsolete product is discontinued and is no longer an “Active” SMC product. A list of discontinued products with their respective dates of discontinuance can be found at: http://www.smc.com/index.cfm?action=customer_service_warranty.

All products that are replaced become the property of SMC. Replacement products may be either new or reconditioned. Any replaced or repaired product carries either a 30-day limited warranty or the remainder of the initial warranty, whichever is longer. SMC is not responsible for any custom software or firmware, configuration information, or memory data of Customer contained in, stored on, or integrated with any products returned to SMC pursuant to any warranty. Products returned to SMC should have any customer-installed accessory or add-on components, such as expansion modules, removed prior to returning the product for replacement. SMC is not responsible for these items if they are returned with the product.

Customers must contact SMC for a Return Material Authorization number prior to returning any product to SMC. Proof of purchase may be required. Any product returned to SMC without a valid Return Material Authorization (RMA) number clearly marked on the outside of the package will be returned to customer at customer’s expense. For warranty claims within North America, please call our toll-free customer support number at (800) 762-4968. Customers are responsible for all shipping charges from their facility to SMC. SMC is responsible for return shipping charges from SMC to customer.

ARRANTY

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WARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE: IF AN SMC PRODUCT DOES NOT OPERATE AS WARRANTED ABOVE, CUSTOMER’S SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT IN QUESTION, AT SMC’S OPTION. THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SMC NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS. SMC SHALL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER THIS WARRANTY IF ITS TESTING AND EXAMINATION DISCLOSE THE ALLEGED DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT DOES NOT EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY CUSTOMER’S OR ANY THIRD PERSON’S MISUSE, NEGLECT, IMPROPER INSTALLATION OR TESTING, UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS TO REPAIR, OR ANY OTHER CAUSE BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED USE, OR BY ACCIDENT, FIRE, LIGHTNING, OR OTHER HAZARD.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: IN NO EVENT, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), SHALL SMC BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, OR FOR LOSS OF REVENUE, LOSS OF BUSINESS, OR OTHER FINANCIAL LOSS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, USE, PERFORMANCE, FAILURE, OR INTERRUPTION OF ITS PRODUCTS, EVEN IF SMC OR ITS AUTHORIZED RESELLER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. NOTHING IN THIS WARRANTY SHALL BE TAKEN TO AFFECT YOUR STATUTORY RIGHTS.

* SMC will provide warranty service for one year following discontinuance from the active SMC price list. Under the limited lifetime warranty, internal and external power supplies, fans, and cables are covered by a standard one-year warranty from date of purchase.

SMC Networks, Inc.

38 Tesla

Irvine, CA 92618

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Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1

Key Features 1-1 Description of Software Features 1-2 System Defaults 1-5

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration 2-1

Connecting to the Switch 2-1

Configuration Options 2-1 Required Connections 2-2 Remote Connections 2-3

Basic Configuration 2-3

Console Connection 2-3 Setting Passwords 2-4 Setting an IP Address 2-4

Manual Configuration 2-4 Dynamic Configuration 2-5

Enabling SNMP Management Access 2-6

Community Strings 2-6 Trap Receivers 2-7

Saving Configuration Settings 2-7

Managing System Files 2-8

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch 3-1

Using the Web Interface 3-1 Navigating the Web Browser Interface 3-2

Home Page 3-2

Configuration Options 3-3 Panel Display 3-3 Main Menu 3-4 Basic Configuration 3-8

Displaying System Information 3-8

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions 3-9

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities 3-11

Setting the Switch’s IP Address 3-12

Manual Configuration 3-13 Using DHCP/BOOTP 3-14

Managing Firmware 3-15

Downloading System Software from a Server 3-16

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings 3-17

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server 3-18

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Contents

Console Port Settings 3-19 Telnet Settings 3-21 Configuring Event Logging 3-23

System Log Configuration 3-23 Remote Logs Configuration 3-25

Displaying Log Messages 3-26 Resetting the System 3-27 Setting the System Clock 3-27

Configuring SNTP 3-28

Setting the Time Zone 3-29

Simple Network Management Protocol 3-29

Setting Community Access Strings 3-30 Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types 3-31

User Authentication 3-32

Configuring User Accounts 3-32 Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication 3-34 Configuring HTTPS 3-37

Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate 3-38 Configuring the Secure Shell 3-39

Generating the Host Key Pair 3-41

Configuring the SSH Server 3-43 Configuring Port Security 3-44 Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication 3-46

Displaying 802.1x Global Settings 3-47

Configuring 802.1x Global Settings 3-48

Configuring Port Settings for 802.1x 3-48

Displaying 802.1x Statistics 3-51

Access Control Lists 3-53

Configuring Access Control Lists 3-53

Setting the ACL Name and Type 3-54

Configuring a Standard IP ACL 3-55

Configuring an Extended IP ACL 3-56

Configuring a MAC ACL 3-58 Binding a Port to an Access Control List 3-59

Filtering Addresses for Management Access 3-60 Port Configuration 3-62

Displaying Connection Status 3-62 Configuring Interface Connections 3-64 Creating Trunk Groups 3-66

Statically Configuring a Trunk 3-67

Enabling LACP on Selected Ports 3-68

Configuring LACP Parameters 3-70

Displaying LACP Port Counters 3-73

Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Local Side 3-74

Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Remote Side 3-76

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Contents

Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds 3-77 Configuring Port Mirroring 3-79 Configuring Rate Limits 3-80

Rate Limit Granularity 3-80 Rate Limit Configuration 3-81

Showing Port Statistics 3-82

Address Table Settings 3-86

Setting Static Addresses 3-86 Displaying the Address Table 3-87 Changing the Aging Time 3-89

Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuration 3-89

Displaying Global Settings 3-90 Configuring Global Settings 3-93 Displaying Interface Settings 3-96 Configuring Interface Settings 3-99

VLAN Configuration 3-101

IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 3-101

Enabling or Disabling GVRP (Global Setting) 3-104 Displaying Basic VLAN Information 3-104 Displaying Current VLANs 3-105 Creating VLANs 3-107 Adding Static Members to VLANs (VLAN Index) 3-108 Adding Static Members to VLANs (Port Index) 3-110 Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces 3-111

Private VLANs 3-113

Displaying Current Private VLANs 3-114 Configuring Private VLANs 3-115 Associating Community VLANs 3-116 Displaying Private VLAN Interface Information 3-117 Configuring Private VLAN Interfaces 3-118

Class of Service Configuration 3-120

Layer 2 Queue Settings 3-120

Setting the Default Priority for Interfaces 3-120 Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues 3-122 Selecting the Queue Mode 3-123 Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes 3-124

Layer 3/4 Priority Settings 3-126

Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values 3-126 Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority 3-126 Mapping IP Precedence 3-127 Mapping DSCP Priority 3-128 Mapping IP Port Priority 3-130 Mapping CoS Values to ACLs 3-131

Multicast Filtering 3-132

Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query) 3-133

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Contents

Configuring IGMP Snooping and Query Parameters 3-133

Displaying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router 3-135

Specifying Static Interfaces for a Multicast Router 3-136

Displaying Port Members of Multicast Services 3-137

Assigning Ports to Multicast Services 3-138

Chapter 4: Command Line Interface 4-1

Using the Command Line Interface 4-1

Accessing the CLI 4-1 Console Connection 4-1 Telnet Connection 4-1

Entering Commands 4-3

Keywords and Arguments 4-3 Minimum Abbreviation 4-3 Command Completion 4-3 Getting Help on Commands 4-3

Showing Commands 4-4 Partial Keyword Lookup 4-5 Negating the Effect of Commands 4-5 Using Command History 4-5 Understanding Command Modes 4-5 Exec Commands 4-6 Configuration Commands 4-6 Command Line Processing 4-8

Command Groups 4-9 Line Commands 4-10

line 4-10 login 4-11 password 4-12 timeout login response 4-13 exec-timeout 4-13 password-thresh 4-14 silent-time 4-15 databits 4-15 parity 4-16 speed 4-17 stopbits 4-17 disconnect 4-18 show line 4-18

General Commands 4-19

enable 4-19 disable 4-20 configure 4-21 show history 4-21

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Contents

reload 4-22 end 4-22 exit 4-23 quit 4-23

System Management Commands 4-24

Device Designation Commands 4-24

prompt 4-24 hostname 4-25

User Access Commands 4-25

username 4-26 enable password 4-27

IP Filter Commands 4-28

management 4-28 show management 4-29

Web Server Commands 4-30

ip http port 4-30 ip http server 4-30 ip http secure-server 4-31 ip http secure-port 4-32

Telnet Server Commands 4-33

ip telnet port 4-33 ip telnet server 4-33

Secure Shell Commands 4-34

ip ssh server 4-36 ip ssh timeout 4-37 ip ssh authentication-retries 4-37 ip ssh server-key size 4-38 delete public-key 4-38 ip ssh crypto host-key generate 4-39 ip ssh crypto zeroize 4-39 ip ssh save host-key 4-40 show ip ssh 4-40 show ssh 4-41 show public-key 4-42

Event Logging Commands 4-43

logging on 4-43 logging history 4-44 logging host 4-45 logging facility 4-45 logging trap 4-46 clear logging 4-46 show log 4-47 show logging 4-48

Time Commands 4-49

sntp client 4-50

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Contents

sntp server 4-51

sntp poll 4-51

show sntp 4-52

clock timezone 4-52

calendar set 4-53

show calendar 4-53 System Status Commands 4-54

light unit 4-54

show startup-config 4-55

show running-config 4-56

show system 4-58

show users 4-58

show version 4-59 Frame Size Commands 4-60

jumbo frame 4-60

Flash/File Commands 4-61

copy 4-61 delete 4-64 dir 4-64 whichboot 4-65 boot system 4-66

Authentication Commands 4-67

Authentication Sequence 4-67

authentication login 4-67

authentication enable 4-68 RADIUS Client 4-69

radius-server host 4-69

radius-server port 4-70

radius-server key 4-71

radius-server retransmit 4-71

radius-server timeout 4-72

show radius-server 4-72 TACACS+ Client 4-73

tacacs-server host 4-73

tacacs-server port 4-73

tacacs-server key 4-74

show tacacs-server 4-74 Port Security Commands 4-75

port security 4-75

802.1x Port Authentication 4-77

dot1x system-auth-control 4-77

dot1x default 4-78

dot1x max-req 4-78

dot1x port-control 4-79

dot1x operation-mode 4-79

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Contents

dot1x re-authenticate 4-80 dot1x re-authentication 4-80 dot1x timeout quiet-period 4-81 dot1x timeout re-authperiod 4-81 dot1x timeout tx-period 4-82 show dot1x 4-82

Access Control List Commands 4-85

IP ACLs 4-86

access-list ip 4-86 permit, deny (Standard ACL) 4-87 permit, deny (Extended ACL) 4-88 show ip access-list 4-90 ip access-group 4-90 show ip access-group 4-91 map access-list ip 4-91 show map access-list ip 4-92

MAC ACLs 4-93

access-list mac 4-93 permit, deny (MAC ACL) 4-94 show mac access-list 4-95 mac access-group 4-95 show mac access-group 4-96 map access-list mac 4-96 show map access-list mac 4-97

ACL Information 4-98

show access-list 4-98 show access-group 4-98

SNMP Commands 4-99

snmp-server community 4-99 snmp-server contact 4-100 snmp-server location 4-100 snmp-server host 4-101 snmp-server enable traps 4-102 show snmp 4-102

Interface Commands 4-104

interface 4-104 description 4-105 speed-duplex 4-105 negotiation 4-106 capabilities 4-107 flowcontrol 4-108 shutdown 4-109 switchport broadcast packet-rate 4-110 clear counters 4-110 show interfaces status 4-111

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Contents

show interfaces counters 4-112 show interfaces switchport 4-113

Mirror Port Commands 4-115

port monitor 4-115 show port monitor 4-116

Rate Limit Commands 4-117

rate-limit 4-117 rate-limit granularity 4-118 show rate-limit 4-118

Link Aggregation Commands 4-119

channel-group 4-120 lacp 4-121 lacp system-priority 4-122 lacp admin-key (Ethernet Interface) 4-123 lacp admin-key (Port Channel) 4-124 lacp port-priority 4-125 show lacp 4-125

Address Table Commands 4-129

mac-address-table static 4-130 clear mac-address-table dynamic 4-131 show mac-address-table 4-131 mac-address-table aging-time 4-132 show mac-address-table aging-time 4-132

Spanning Tree Commands 4-133

spanning-tree 4-133 spanning-tree mode 4-134 spanning-tree forward-time 4-135 spanning-tree hello-time 4-135 spanning-tree max-age 4-136 spanning-tree priority 4-137 spanning-tree pathcost method 4-137 spanning-tree transmission-limit 4-138 spanning-tree cost 4-138 spanning-tree port-priority 4-139 spanning-tree edge-port 4-140 spanning-tree portfast 4-141 spanning-tree link-type 4-141 spanning-tree protocol-migration 4-142 show spanning-tree 4-143

VLAN Commands 4-145

Editing VLAN Groups 4-145

vlan database 4-145

vlan 4-146 Configuring VLAN Interfaces 4-147

interface vlan 4-147

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Contents

switchport mode 4-148 switchport acceptable-frame-types 4-148 switchport ingress-filtering 4-149 switchport native vlan 4-150 switchport allowed vlan 4-151 switchport forbidden vlan 4-152

Displaying VLAN Information 4-153

show vlan 4-153

Configuring Private VLANs 4-154

private-vlan 4-155 private vlan association 4-156 switchport mode private-vlan 4-156 switchport private-vlan host-association 4-157 switchport private-vlan mapping 4-158 show vlan private-vlan 4-158

GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands 4-159

bridge-ext gvrp 4-159 show bridge-ext 4-160 switchport gvrp 4-160 show gvrp configuration 4-161 garp timer 4-161 show garp timer 4-162

Priority Commands 4-163

Priority Commands (Layer 2) 4-163

queue mode 4-164 queue bandwidth 4-164 switchport priority default 4-165 queue cos-map 4-166 show queue mode 4-167 show queue bandwidth 4-167 show queue cos-map 4-168

Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) 4-169

map ip port (Global Configuration) 4-169 map ip port (Interface Configuration) 4-170 map ip precedence (Global Configuration) 4-170 map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) 4-171 map ip dscp (Global Configuration) 4-172 map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) 4-172 show map ip port 4-173 show map ip precedence 4-174 show map ip dscp 4-175

Multicast Filtering Commands 4-176

IGMP Snooping Commands 4-176

ip igmp snooping 4-177 ip igmp snooping vlan static 4-177

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Contents

ip igmp snooping version 4-178

show ip igmp snooping 4-178

show mac-address-table multicast 4-179 IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2) 4-180

ip igmp snooping querier 4-180

ip igmp snooping query-count 4-180

ip igmp snooping query-interval 4-181

ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time 4-182

ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time 4-182 Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-183

ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter 4-183

show ip igmp snooping mrouter 4-184

IP Interface Commands 4-185

ip address 4-185 ip dhcp restart 4-186 ip default-gateway 4-187 show ip interface 4-187 show ip redirects 4-188 ping 4-188

Appendix A: Software Specifications A-1

Software Features A-1 Management Features A-2 Standards A-2 Management Information Bases A-3

Appendix B: Troubleshooting B-1

Problems Accessing the Management Interface B-1 Using System Logs B-2

Glossary

Index

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Tables

Table 1-1. Key Features 1-1 Table 1-2. System Defaults 1-5 Table 3-1. Configuration Options 3-3 Table 3-2. Main Menu 3-4 Table 3-3. Logging Levels 3-24 Table 3-4. Compatible Operating Systems 3-37 Table 3-5. 802.1x Statistics 3-51 Table 3-6. LACP Statistics 3-73 Table 3-7. Displaying LACP Local Settings 3-74 Table 3-8. Displaying LACP Remote Settings 3-76 Table 3-9. Port Statistics 3-82 Table 3-10. Egress Queue Priority Mapping 3-122 Table 3-11. Priority Level Descriptions 3-122 Table 3-12. Mapping IP Precedence 3-127 Table 3-13. Mapping DSCP Priority Values 3-128 Table 3-14. Egress Queue Priority Mapping 3-131 Table 4-1. Command Modes 4-5 Table 4-2. Configuration Modes 4-7 Table 4-3. Command Line Processing 4-8 Table 4-4. Command Groups 4-9 Table 4-5. Line Commands 4-10 Table 4-6. General Commands 4-19 Table 4-7. System Management Commands 4-24 Table 4-8. Device Designation Commands 4-24 Table 4-9. User Access Commands 4-25 Table 4-10. Default Login Settings 4-26 Table 4-11. IP Filter Commands 4-28 Table 4-12. Web Server Commands 4-30 Table 4-13. HTTPS System Support 4-31 Table 4-14. Telnet Server Commands 4-33 Table 4-15. SSH Commands 4-34 Table 4-16. show ssh - display description 4-41 Table 4-17. Event Logging Commands 4-43 Table 4-18. Logging Levels 4-44 Table 4-19. show logging flash/ram - display description 4-48 Table 4-20. show logging trap - display description 4-49 Table 4-21. Time Commands 4-49 Table 4-22. System Status Commands 4-54 Table 4-23. Frame Size Commands 4-60 Table 4-24. Flash/File Commands 4-61 Table 4-25. File Directory Information 4-65 Table 4-26. Authentication Commands 4-67

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Tables

Table 4-27. Authentication Sequence 4-67 Table 4-28. RADIUS Client Commands 4-69 Table 4-29. TACACS Commands 4-73 Table 4-30. Port Security Commands 4-75 Table 4-31. 802.1x Port Authentication 4-77 Table 4-33. IP ACLs 4-86 Table 4-32. Access Control Lists 4-86 Table 4-34. Egress Queue Priority Mapping 4-92 Table 4-35. MAC ACLs 4-93 Table 4-36. Egress Queue Priority Mapping 4-97 Table 4-37. ACL Information 4-98 Table 4-38. SNMP Commands 4-99 Table 4-39. Interface Commands 4-104 Table 4-40. Interfaces Switchport Statistics 4-114 Table 4-41. Mirror Port Commands 4-115 Table 4-42. Rate Limit Commands 4-117 Table 4-43. Link Aggregation Commands 4-119 Table 4-44. show lacp counters - display description 4-126 Table 4-45. show lacp internal - display description 4-127 Table 4-46. show lacp neighbors - display description 4-128 Table 4-48. Address Table Commands 4-129 Table 4-47. show lacp sysid - display description 4-129 Table 4-49. Spanning Tree Commands 4-133 Table 4-50. VLANs 4-145 Table 4-51. Editing VLAN Groups 4-145 Table 4-52. Configuring VLAN Interfaces 4-147 Table 4-53. Show VLAN Commands 4-153 Table 4-54. Private VLAN Commands 4-154 Table 4-55. GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands 4-159 Table 4-56. Priority Commands 4-163 Table 4-57. Priority Commands (Layer 2) 4-163 Table 4-58. Mapping CoS Values 4-166 Table 4-59. Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) 4-169 Table 4-60. Mapping IP Precedence Values 4-171 Table 4-61. IP DSCP to CoS Vales 4-173 Table 4-62. Multicast Filtering Commands 4-176 Table 4-63. IGMP Snooping Commands 4-176 Table 4-64. IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2) 4-180 Table 4-65. Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-183 Table 4-66. IP Interface Commands 4-185 Table B-1. Troubleshooting Chart B-1

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Figures

Figure 3-1. Home Page 3-2 Figure 3-2. Front Panel Indicators 3-3 Figure 3-3. Displaying System Information 3-8 Figure 3-4. Displaying Switch Information 3-10 Figure 3-5. Displaying Bridge Extension Configuration 3-11 Figure 3-6. IP Configuration 3-13 Figure 3-7. IP Configuration using DHCP 3-14 Figure 3-8. Operation Code Image File Transfer 3-16 Figure 3-9. Select Start-Up Operation File 3-16 Figure 3-10. Deleting Files 3-17 Figure 3-11. Copy Configuration Settings 3-18 Figure 3-12. Setting the Startup Configuration Settings 3-19 Figure 3-13. Console Port Settings 3-20 Figure 3-14. Enabling Telnet 3-22 Figure 3-15. Configuring System Logging Messages 3-24 Figure 3-16. Enabling Remote Logging and Adding Host IP Addresses 3-25 Figure 3-17. Displaying System Logs 3-26 Figure 3-18. Resetting the System 3-27 Figure 3-19. Configuring SNTP 3-28 Figure 3-20. Setting the System Clock 3-29 Figure 3-21. Configuring SNMP 3-30 Figure 3-22. Configuring IP Trap Managers 3-31 Figure 3-23. Access Levels 3-33 Figure 3-24. Authentication Settings 3-36 Figure 3-25. HTTPS Settings 3-38 Figure 3-26. SSH Host-Key Settings 3-42 Figure 3-27. SSH Server Settings 3-43 Figure 3-28. Configuring Port Security 3-45 Figure 3-29. 802.1X Information 3-47 Figure 3-30. 802.1X Configuration 3-48 Figure 3-31. 802.1x Port Configuration 3-49 Figure 3-32. Displaying 802.1x Port Statistics 3-52 Figure 3-33. Selecting ACL Type 3-54 Figure 3-34. Configuring Standard ACLs 3-55 Figure 3-35. Configuring Extended ACLs 3-57 Figure 3-36. Configuring MAC ACLs 3-58 Figure 3-37. Binding a Port to an ACL 3-59 Figure 3-38. Creating a Web IP Filter List 3-61 Figure 3-39. Displaying Port/Trunk Information 3-62 Figure 3-40. Port/Trunk Configuration 3-65 Figure 3-41. Configuring Port Trunks 3-67 Figure 3-42. LACP Configuration 3-69

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Figures

Figure 3-43. LACP Port Configuration 3-71 Figure 3-44. Displaying LACP Port Counters 3-73 Figure 3-45. Displaying LACP Port Internal Information 3-75 Figure 3-46. Displaying LACP Port Neighbors Information 3-76 Figure 3-47. Enabling Port Broadcast Control 3-78 Figure 3-48. Mirror Port Configuration 3-79 Figure 3-49. Rate Limit Granularity Configuration 3-80 Figure 3-50. Output Rate Limit Port Configuration 3-81 Figure 3-51. Port Statistics 3-85 Figure 3-52. Configuring a Static Address Table 3-87 Figure 3-53. Configuring a Dynamic Address Table 3-88 Figure 3-54. Setting the Address Aging Time 3-89 Figure 3-55. Displaying Spanning Tree Information 3-92 Figure 3-56. Configuring Spanning Tree 3-95 Figure 3-57. BPDU Transmission 3-97 Figure 3-58. Displaying Spanning Tree Information 3-98 Figure 3-59. Configuring Spanning Tree per Port 3-100 Figure 3-60. Enabling GVRP 3-104 Figure 3-61. Displaying Basic VLAN Information 3-104 Figure 3-62. Displaying Current VLANs 3-106 Figure 3-63. Configuring a VLAN Static List 3-108 Figure 3-64. Configuring a VLAN Static Table 3-109 Figure 3-65. VLAN Static Membership by Port 3-110 Figure 3-66. Configuring VLANs per Port 3-112 Figure 3-67. Private VLAN Information 3-114 Figure 3-68. Configuring Private VLANs 3-116 Figure 3-69. Private VLAN Association 3-117 Figure 3-70. Displaying Private VLAN Port Information 3-118 Figure 3-71. Private VLAN Port Configuration 3-119 Figure 3-72. Port Priority Configuration 3-121 Figure 3-73. Traffic Classes 3-123 Figure 3-74. Selecting the Queue Mode 3-124 Figure 3-75. Configuring Interfaces for Queue Scheduling 3-125 Figure 3-76. IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status 3-126 Figure 3-77. Selecting IP Precedence Priority 3-127 Figure 3-78. Mapping IP DSCP Priority Values 3-129 Figure 3-79. Enabling IP Port Priority Status 3-130 Figure 3-80. Mapping IP Port Priority to Interfaces 3-130 Figure 3-81. ACL CoS Priority 3-132 Figure 3-82. IGMP Configuration 3-134 Figure 3-83. Displaying Multicast Router Port Information 3-135 Figure 3-84. Static Multicast Router Port Configuration 3-136 Figure 3-85. IP Multicast Registration Table 3-137 Figure 3-86. IGMP Member Port Table 3-138

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Chapter 1: Introduction

This switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching. It includes a management agent that allows you to configure the features listed in this manual. The default configuration can be used for most of the features provided by this switch. However, there are many options that you should configure to maximize the switch’s performance for your particular network environment.

Key Features

Table 1-1. Key Features

Feature Description

Configuration Backup and Restore

Authentication Console, Telnet, web – User name / password, RADIUS, TACACS+

Access Control Lists Supports up to 88 IP or MAC ACLs

DHCP Client Supported

Port Configuration Speed, duplex mode and flow control

Rate Limiting Input and output rate limiting per port

Port Mirroring One port mirrored to a single analysis port

Port Trunking Supports up to 4 trunks using either static or dynamic trunking (LACP)

Broadcast Storm Control

Static Address Up to 8K MAC addresses in the forwarding table

IEEE 802.1D Bridge Supports dynamic data switching and addresses learning

Store-and-Forward Switching

Spanning Tree Protocol Supports standard STP and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

Virtual LANs Up to 255 using IEEE 802.1Q, port-based, or private VLANs

Traffic Prioritization Default port priority, traffic class map, queue scheduling, IP Precedence, or

Multicast Filtering Supports IGMP snooping and query

Backup to TFTP server

Web – HTTPS; Telnet – SSH SNMP – Community strings Port – IEEE 802.1x, MAC address filtering

Supported

Supported to ensure wire-speed switching while eliminating bad frames

Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), and TCP/UDP Port

1-1

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Introduction

Description of Software Features

The switch provides a wide range of advanced performance enhancing features. Flow control eliminates the loss of packets due to bottlenecks caused by port saturation. Broadcast storm suppression prevents broadcast traffic storms from engulfing the network. Port-based and protocol-based VLANs, plus support for automatic GVRP VLAN registration provide traffic security and efficient use of network bandwidth. CoS priority queueing ensures the minimum delay for moving real-time multimedia data across the network. While multicast filtering provides support for real-time network applications. Some of the management features are briefly described below.

Configuration Backup and Restore – You can save the current configuration settings to a file on a TFTP server, and later download this file to restore the switch configuration settings.

Authentication – This switch authenticates management access via the console port, Telnet or web browser. User names and passwords can be configured locally or can be verified via a remote authentication server (i.e., RADIUS or TACACS+). Port-based authentication is also supported via the IEEE 802.1x protocol. This protocol uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to request user credentials from the 802.1x client, and then verifies the client’s right to access the network via an authentication server.

Other authentication options include HTTPS for secure management access via the web, SSH for secure management access over a Telnet-equivalent connection, IP address filtering for SNMP/web/Telnet management access, and MAC address filtering for port access.

Access Control Lists – ACLs provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, TCP/UDP port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). ACLs can be used to improve performance by blocking unnecessary network traffic or to implement security controls by restricting access to specific network resources or protocols.

Port Configuration – You can manually configure the speed, duplex mode, and flow control used on specific ports, or use auto-negotiation to detect the connection settings used by the attached device. Use the full-duplex mode on ports whenever possible to double the throughput of switch connections. Flow control should also be enabled to control network traffic during periods of congestion and prevent the loss of packets when port buffer thresholds are exceeded. The switch supports flow control based on the IEEE 802.3x standard.

Rate Limiting – This feature controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped.

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Description of Software Features

Port Mirroring – The switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a monitor port. You can then attach a protocol analyzer or RMON probe to this port to perform traffic analysis and verify connection integrity.

Port Trunking – Ports can be combined into an aggregate connection. Trunks can be manually set up or dynamically configured using IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). The additional ports dramatically increase the throughput across any connection, and provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk should fail. The switch supports up to four trunks.

Broadcast Storm Control – Broadcast suppression prevents broadcast traffic from overwhelming the network. When enabled on a port, the level of broadcast traffic passing through the port is restricted. If broadcast traffic rises above a pre-defined threshold, it will be throttled until the level falls back beneath the threshold.

Static Addresses – A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this switch. Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved. When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and will not be written to the address table. Static addresses can be used to provide network security by restricting access for a known host to a specific port.

IEEE 802.1D Bridge – The switch supports IEEE 802.1D transparent bridging. The address table facilitates data switching by learning addresses, and then filtering or forwarding traffic based on this information. The address table supports up to 8K addresses.

Store-and-Forward Switching – The switch copies each frame into its memory before forwarding them to another port. This ensures that all frames are a standard Ethernet size and have been verified for accuracy with the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). This prevents bad frames from entering the network and wasting bandwidth.

To avoid dropping frames on congested ports, the switch provides 500 KB for frame buffering. This buffer can queue packets awaiting transmission on congested networks.

Spanning Tree Protocol – The switch supports these spanning tree protocols:

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, IEEE 802.1D) – This protocol adds a level of fault tolerance by allowing two or more redundant connections to be created between a pair of LAN segments. When there are multiple physical paths between segments, this protocol will choose a single path and disable all others to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. This prevents the creation of network loops. However, if the chosen path should fail for any reason, an alternate path will be activated to maintain the connection.

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w) – This protocol reduces the convergence time for network topology changes to about 10% of that required by the older IEEE 802.1D STP standard. It is intended as a complete replacement for STP, but can still interoperate with switches running the older standard by automatically reconfiguring ports to STP-compliant mode if they detect STP protocol messages from attached devices.

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Introduction

Virtual LANs – The switch supports up to 255 VLANs. A Virtual LAN is a collection of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical location or connection point in the network. The switch supports tagged VLANs based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. Members of VLAN groups can be dynamically learned via GVRP, or ports can be manually assigned to a specific set of VLANs. This allows the switch to restrict traffic to the VLAN groups to which a user has been assigned. By segmenting your network into VLANs, you can:

• Eliminate broadcast storms which severely degrade performance in a flat network.

• Simplify network management for node changes/moves by remotely configuring VLAN membership for any port, rather than having to manually change the network connection.

• Provide data security by restricting all traffic to the originating VLAN.

• Use private VLANs to restrict traffic to pass only between data ports and the uplink ports, thereby isolating adjacent ports within the same VLAN, and allowing you to limit the total number of VLANs that need to be configured.

Traffic Prioritization – This switch prioritizes each packet based on the required level of service, using four priority queues with strict or Weighted Round Robin Queuing. It uses IEEE 802.1p and 802.1Q tags to prioritize incoming traffic based on input from the end-station application. These functions can independent priorities for delay-sensitive data and best-effort data.

This switch also supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to meet application requirements. Traffic can be prioritized based on the priority bits in the IP frame’s Type of Service (ToS) octet or the number of the TCP/UDP port. When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue.

Multicast Filtering – Specific multicast traffic can be assigned to its own VLAN to ensure that it does not interfere with normal network traffic and to guarantee real-time delivery by setting the required priority level for the designated VLAN. The switch uses IGMP Snooping and Query to manage multicast group registration.

be used to provide

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System Defaults

The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as the startup configuration file (page 3-19).

The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.

Table 1-2. System Defaults

Function Parameter Default

Console Port Connection

Authentication Privileged Exec Level Username “admin”

Web Management HTTP Server Enabled

SNMP Community Strings “public” (read only)

Baud Rate 9600

Data bits 8

Stop bits 1

Parity none

Local Console Timeout 0 (disabled)

Password “admin”

Normal Exec Level Username “guest”

Enable Privileged Exec from Normal Exec Level

RADIUS Authentication Disabled

TACACS Authentication Disabled

802.1x Port Authentication Disabled

HTTPS Enabled

SSH Disabled

Port Security Disabled

IP Filtering Disabled

HTTP Port Number 80

HTTP Secure Server Enabled

HTTP Secure Port Number 443

Traps Authentication traps: enabled

Password “guest”

Password “super”

“private” (read/write)

Link-up-down events: enabled

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Introduction

Table 1-2. System Defaults (Continued)

Function Parameter Default

Port Configuration Admin Status Enabled

Auto-negotiation Enabled

Flow Control Disabled

Port Capability 100BASE-TX –

Module Port Capability 100BASE -FX –

Rate Limiting Input and output limits Disabled

Port Trunking Static Trunks None

LACP (all ports) Disabled

Broadcast Storm Protection

Spanning Tree Protocol

Address Table Aging Time 300 seconds

Virtual LANs Default VLAN 1

Status Enabled (all ports)

Broadcast Limit Rate 32,000 octets per second

Status Enabled

Fast Forwarding (Edge Port) Disabled

PVID 1

Acceptable Frame Type All

Ingress Filtering Disabled

Switchport Mode (Egress Mode) Hybrid: tagged/untagged frames

GVRP (global) Disabled

GVRP (port interface) Disabled

10 Mbps half duplex 10 Mbps full duplex 100 Mbps half duplex 100 Mbps full duplex Full-duplex flow control disabled Symmetric flow control disabled

100 Mbps full duplex Full duplex flow control disabled Symmetric flow control disabled

1000BASE-T/SX/LX/LH – 1000 Mbps full duplex Full-duplex flow control disabled Symmetric flow control disabled

(Defaults: All values based on IEEE 802.1w)

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Table 1-2. System Defaults (Continued)

Function Parameter Default

Traffic Prioritization Ingress Port Priority 0

Weighted Round Robin Queue: 0 1 2 3

Weight: 1 2 4 6

IP Precedence Priority Disabled

IP DSCP Priority Disabled

IP Port Priority Disabled

IP Settings IP Address 0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0

Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

DHCP Client: Enabled

BOOTP Disabled

Multicast Filtering IGMP Snooping Snooping: Enabled

Querier: Enabled

System Log Status Enabled

Messages Logged Levels 0-7 (all)

Messages Logged to Flash Levels 0-6

SNTP Clock Synchronization Disabled

System Defaults

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Introduction

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Chapter 2: Initial Configuration

Connecting to the Switch

Configuration Options

The switch includes a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety of management options, including SNMP, RMON and a Web-based interface. A PC may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a command line interface (CLI).

Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To change this

address, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.

The switch’s HTTP Web agent allows you to configure switch parameters, monitor port connections, and display statistics using a standard Web browser such as Netscape Navigator version 6.2 and higher or Microsoft IE version 5.0 and higher. The switch’s Web management interface can be accessed from any computer attached to the network.

The CLI program can be accessed by a direct connection to the RS-232 serial console port on the switch, or remotely by a Telnet connection over the network.

The switch’s management agent also supports SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to be managed from any system in the network using network management software such as HP OpenView.

The switch’s Web interface, CLI configuration program, and SNMP agent allow you to perform the following management functions:

• Set user names and passwords for up to 16 users

• Set an IP interface for a management VLAN

• Configure SNMP parameters

• Enable/disable any port

• Set the speed/duplex mode for any port

• Configure the bandwidth of any port by limiting input or output rates

• Control port access through IEEE 802.1x security or static address filtering

• Filter packets using Access Control Lists (ACLs)

• Configure up to 255 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

• Enable GVRP automatic VLAN registration

• Configure IGMP multicast filtering

• Upload and download system firmware via TFTP

• Upload and download switch configuration files via TFTP

• Configure Spanning Tree parameters

• Configure Class of Service (CoS) priority queuing

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Initial Configuration

• Configure up to 4 static or LACP trunks

• Enable port mirroring

• Set broadcast storm control on any port

• Display system information and statistics

Required Connections

The switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a PC or terminal for monitoring and configuring the switch. A null-modem console cable is provided with the switch.

Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a null-modem cable that complies with the wiring assignments shown in the Installation Guide.

To connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps:

1. Connect the console cable to the serial port on a terminal, or a PC running

terminal emulation software, and tighten the captive retaining screws on the DB-9 connector.

2. Connect the other end of the cable to the RS-232 serial port on the switch.

3. Make sure the terminal emulation software is set as follows:

• Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2).

• Set the baud rate to 9600 bps.

• Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.

• Set flow control to none.

• Set the emulation mode to VT100.

• When using HyperTerminal, select Terminal keys, not Windows keys.

Notes: 1. When using HyperTerminal with Microsoft® Windows® 2000, make sure that

For a description of how to use the CLI, see “Using the Command Line Interface” on page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the CLI, refer to “Command Groups” on page 4-9.

you have Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later installed. Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 fixes the problem of arrow keys not functioning in HyperTerminal’s VT100 emulation. See www.microsoft.com for information on Windows 2000 service packs.

2. Refer to “Line Commands” on page 4-10 for a complete description of console configuration options.

3. Once you have set up the terminal correctly, the console login screen will be displayed.

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Basic Configuration

Remote Connections

Prior to accessing the switch’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol.

The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To manually configure this address or enable dynamic address assignment via DHCP or BOOTP, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.

Note: This switch supports four concurrent Telnet/SSH sessions.

After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the onboard configuration program from anywhere within the attached network. The onboard configuration program can be accessed using Telnet from any computer attached to the network. The switch can also be managed by any computer using a web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above), or from a network computer using SNMP network management software.

Note: The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration functions. To

access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use SNMP-based network management software.

Basic Configuration

Console Connection

The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level (Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic utilities. To fully configure the switch parameters, you must access the CLI at the Privileged Exec level.

Access to both CLI levels are controlled by user names and passwords. The switch has a default user name and password for each level. To log into the CLI at the Privileged Exec level using the default user name and password, perform these steps:

1. To initiate your console connection, press <Enter>. The “User Access Verification” procedure starts.

2. At the Username prompt, enter “admin.”

3. At the Password prompt, also enter “admin.” (The password characters are not displayed on the console screen.)

4. The session is opened and the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt indicating you have access at the Privileged Exec level.

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Setting Passwords

Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should define new

passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, record them and put them in a safe place.

Passwords can consist of up to 8 alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive. To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows:

1. Open the console interface with the default user name and password “admin” to access the Privileged Exec level.

2. Type “configure” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “username guest password 0 password,” for the Normal Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “username admin password 0 password,” for the Privileged Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

Note: ‘0’ specifies the password in plain text, ‘7’ specifies the password in encrypted

form.

Username: admin Password:

CLI session with the SMC6716AL2 is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit].

Console#configure Console(config)#username guest password 0 [password] Console(config)#username admin password 0 [password] Console(config)#

Setting an IP Address

You must establish IP address information for the switch to obtain management access through the network. This can be done in either of the following ways:

Manual — You have to input the information, including IP address and subnet mask. If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the switch, you will also need to specify the default gateway router.

Dynamic — The switch sends IP configuration requests to BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network.

Manual Configuration

You can manually assign an IP address to the switch. You may also need to specify a default gateway that resides between this device and management stations that exist on another network segment. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default.

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Basic Configuration

Before you can assign an IP address to the switch, you must obtain the following information from your network administrator:

• IP address for the switch

• Default gateway for the network

• Network mask for this network

To assign an IP address to the switch, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press <Enter>.

3. Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode prompt. Press <Enter>.

4. To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch belongs, type “ip default-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address of the default gateway. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 Console(config)#

Dynamic Configuration

If you select the “bootp” or “dhcp” option, IP will be enabled but will not function until a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been received. You therefore need to use the “ip dhcp restart” command to start broadcasting service requests. Requests will be sent periodically in an effort to obtain IP configuration information. (BOOTP and DHCP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

If the “bootp” or “dhcp” option is saved to the startup-config file (step 6), then the switch will start broadcasting service requests as soon as it is powered on.

To automatically configure the switch by communicating with BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network, complete the following steps:

1. From the Global Configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following commands:

• To obtain IP settings via DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press <Enter>.

• To obtain IP settings via BOOTP, type “ip address bootp” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “end” to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “ip dhcp restart” to begin broadcasting service requests. Press <Enter>.

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Initial Configuration

5. Wait a few minutes, and then check the IP configuration settings by typing the “show ip interface” command. Press <Enter>.

6. Then save your configuration changes by typing “copy running-config startup-config.” Enter the startup file name and press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart Console#show ip interface IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: User specified. Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

\Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Enabling SNMP Management Access

The switch can be configured to accept management commands from Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications such as HP OpenView. You can configure the switch to (1) respond to SNMP requests or (2) generate SNMP traps.

When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return information or to set a parameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets the specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred.

Community Strings

Community strings are used to control management access to SNMP stations, as well as to authorize SNMP stations to receive trap messages from the switch. You therefore need to assign community strings to specified users or user groups, and set the access level.

The default strings are:

• public - with read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to

retrieve MIB objects.

• private - with read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both

retrieve and modify MIB objects.

Note: If you do not intend to utilize SNMP, we recommend that you delete both of the

default community strings. If there are no community strings, then SNMP management access to the switch is disabled.

To prevent unauthorized access to the switch via SNMP, it is recommended that you change the default community strings.

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Basic Configuration

To configure a community string, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “snmp-server community string mode,” where “string” is the community access string and “mode” is rw (read/write) or ro (read only). Press <Enter>. (Note that the default mode is read only.)

2. To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community string,” where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#snmp-server community admin rw Console(config)#snmp-server community private Console(config)#

Trap Receivers

You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch.

To configure a trap receiver, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “snmp-server host host-address community-string,” where “host-address” is the IP address for the trap receiver and “community-string” is the string associated with that host. Press <Enter>.

2. In order to configure the switch to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at least one snmp-server enable traps command. Type “snmp-server enable traps type,” where “type” is either authentication or link-up-down. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps link-up-down Console(config)#

Saving Configuration Settings

Configuration commands only modify the running configuration file and are not saved when the switch is rebooted. To save all your configuration changes in nonvolatile storage, you must copy the running configuration file to the start-up configuration file using the “copy” command.

To save the current configuration settings, enter the following command:

1. From the Privileged Exec mode prompt, type “copy running-config startup-config” and press <Enter>.

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2. Enter the name of the start-up file. Press <Enter>.

Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

\Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#

Managing System Files

The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed by the CLI program, Web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file.

The three types of files are:

• Configuration — This file stores system configuration information and is created when configuration settings are saved. Saved configuration files can be selected as a system start-up file or can be uploaded via TFTP to a server for backup. A file named “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” contains all the system default settings and cannot be deleted from the system. See “Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings” on page 3-17 for more information.

• Operation Code — System software that is executed after boot-up, also known as run-time code. This code runs the switch operations and provides the CLI and Web management interfaces. See “Managing Firmware” on page 3-15 for more information.

• Diagnostic Code — Software that is run during system boot-up, also known as POST (Power On Self-Test).

Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation code files. However, you can have as many diagnostic code files and configuration files as available flash memory space allows.

In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file. During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded.

Note that configuration files should be downloaded using a file name that reflects the contents or usage of the file settings. If you download directly to the running-config, the system will reboot, and the settings will have to be copied from the running-config to a permanent file.

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Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch

Using the Web Interface

This switch provides an embedded HTTP Web agent. Using a Web browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The Web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard Web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above).

Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a

serial connection to the console port or via Telnet. For more information on using the CLI, refer to Chapter 4: “Command Line Interface.”

Prior to accessing the switch from a Web browser, be sure you have first performed the following tasks:

1. Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway

using an out-of-band serial connection, BOOTP or DHCP protocol. (See “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.)

2. Set user names and passwords using an out-of-band serial connection. Access

to the Web agent is controlled by the same user names and passwords as the onboard configuration program. (See “Setting Passwords” on page 2-4.)

3. After you enter a user name and password, you will have access to the system

configuration program.

Notes: 1.

You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third failed attempt the current connection is terminated.

2. If you log into the Web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view

the configuration settings or change the guest password. If you log in as “admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can change the settings on any page.

3. If the path between your management station and this switch does not pass

through any device that uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm, then you can set the switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding (i.e., enable Admin Edge Port) to improve the switch’s response time to management commands issued through the web interface. See “Configuring Interface Settings” on page 3-99.

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Configuring the Switch

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

To access the web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The default user name and password for the administrator is “admin.”

Home Page

When your web browser connects with the switch’s web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side of the screen and System Information on the right side. The Main Menu links are used to navigate to other menus, and display configuration parameters and statistics.

3-2

Figure 3-1. Home Page

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Panel Display

Configuration Options

Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the Apply button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the web page configuration buttons.

Table 3-1. Configuration Options

Button Action.

Revert Cancels specified values and restores current values prior to pressing Apply.

Apply Sets specified values to the system.

Help Links directly to webhelp.

Notes: 1.

To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.x is configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General / Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.”

2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the

screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh button.

Panel Display

The web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports. The Mode can be set to display different information for the ports, including Active (i.e., up or down), Duplex (i.e., half or full duplex, or Flow Control (i.e., with or without flow control). Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Configuration page as described on page 3-64.

Figure 3-2. Front Panel Indicators

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Configuring the Switch

Main Menu

Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program.

Table 3-2. Main Menu

Menu Description Page

System 3-8

System Information Provides basic system description, including contact information 3-8

Switch Information Shows the number of ports, hardware/firmware version

Bridge Extension Shows the bridge extension parameters 3-11

IP Configuration Sets the IP address for management access 3-12

File 3-15

Copy Allows the transfer and copying files 3-15

Delete Allows deletion of files from the flash memory 3-16

Set Startup Sets the startup file 3-16

Line 3-19

Console Sets console port connection parameters 3-20

Telnet Sets Telnet connection parameters. 3-22

Log 3-25

Logs Stores and displays error messages 3-23

System Logs Sends error messages to a logging process 3-23

Remote Logs Configures the logging of messages to a remote logging process 3-25

Reset Restarts the switch 3-27

SNTP 3-27

Configuration Configures SNTP client settings, including broadcast mode or a

Clock Time Zone Sets the local time zone for the system clock 3-29

SNMP 3-29

Configuration Configures community strings and related trap functions 3-30

Security 3-32

User Accounts Assigns a new password for the current user 3-32

Authentication Settings Configures authentication sequence, RADIUS and TACACS 3-34

HTTPS Settings Configures secure HTTP settings 3-37

numbers, and power status

specified list of servers

3-9

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Main Menu

Table 3-2. Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

SSH 3-39

Settings Configures Secure Shell server settings 3-43

Host-Key Settings Generates the host key pair (public and private) 3-41

Port Security Configures per port security, including status, response for

802.1x Port authentication 3-46

Information Displays global configuration settings 3-48

Configuration Configures the global configuration setting 3-48

Port Configuration Sets parameters for individual ports 3-48

Statistics Displays protocol statistics for the selected port 3-51

ACL 3-53

Configuration Configures packet filtering based on IP or MAC addresses 3-53

Port Binding Binds a port to the specified ACL 3-59

IP Filter Sets IP addresses of clients allowed management access via

Port 3-62

Port Information Displays port connection status 3-62

Trunk Information Displays trunk connection status 3-62

Port Configuration Configures port connection settings 3-64

Trunk Configuration Configures trunk connection settings 3-64

Trunk Membership Specifies ports to group into static trunks 3-67

LACP 3-66

Configuration Allows ports to dynamically join trunks 3-68

Aggregation Port Configures parameters for link aggregation group members 3-70

Port Counters Displays statistics for LACP protocol messages 3-73

Port Internal Information Displays settings and operational state for the local side 3-74

Port Neighbors Information Displays settings and operational state for the remote side 3-76

Port Broadcast Control Sets the broadcast storm threshold 3-77

Trunk Broadcast Control Sets the broadcast storm threshold 3-77

Mirror Port Configuration Sets the source and target ports for mirroring 3-79

Rate Limit 3-80

Granularity Enables or disables the rate limit feature 3-80

Input Port Configuration Sets the input rate limit for each port 3-81

security breach, and maximum allowed MAC addresses

the Web, SNMP, and Telnet

3-44

3-60

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Configuring the Switch

Table 3-2. Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

Input Trunk Configuration Sets the input rate limit for each trunk 3-81

Output Port Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each port 3-81

Output Trunk Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each trunk 3-81

Port Statistics Lists Ethernet and RMON port statistics 3-82

Address Table 3-86

Static Addresses Displays entries for interface, address or VLAN 3-86

Dynamic Addresses Displays or edits static entries in the Address Table 3-87

Address Aging Sets timeout for dynamically learned entries 3-89

Spanning Tree 3-89

STA

Information Displays STA values used for the bridge 3-90

Configuration Configures global bridge settings for STA and RSTP 3-93

Port Information Displays individual port settings for STA 3-96

Trunk Information Displays individual trunk settings for STA 3-96

Port Configuration Configures individual port settings for STA 3-99

Trunk Configuration Configures individual trunk settings for STA 3-99

VLAN 3-101

802.1Q VLAN

GVRP Status Enables GVRP VLAN registration protocol 3-104

Basic Information Displays information on the VLAN type supported by this switch 3-104

Current Table Shows the current port members of each VLAN and whether or

Static List Used to create or remove VLAN groups 3-107

Static Table Modifies the settings for an existing VLAN 3-108

Static Membership by Port Configures membership type for interfaces, including tagged,

Port Configuration Specifies default PVID and VLAN attributes 3-111

Trunk Configuration Specifies default trunk VID and VLAN attributes 3-111

Private VLAN 3-113

Information Displays Private VLAN feature information 3-114

Configuration This page is used to create/remove primary or community

Association Each community VLAN must be associated with a primary VLAN 3-116

not the port is tagged or untagged

untagged or forbidden

VLANs

3-105

3-110

3-115

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Main Menu

Table 3-2. Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

Port Information Shows VLAN port type, and associated primary or secondary

Port Configuration Sets the private VLAN interface type, and associates the

Trunk Information Shows VLAN port type, and associated primary or secondary

Trunk Configuration Sets the private VLAN interface type, and associates the

Priority 3-120

Default Port Priority Sets the default priority for each port 3-120

Default Trunk Priority Sets the default priority for each trunk 3-120

Traffic Classes Maps IEEE 802.1p priority tags to output queues 3-122

Traffic Classes Status Enables/disables traffic class priorities (not implemented) NA

Queue Mode Sets queue mode to strict priority or Weighted Round-Robin 3-123

Queue Scheduling Configures Weighted Round Robin queueing 3-124

IP Precedence/ DSCP Priority Status

IP Precedence Priority Sets IP Type of Service priority, mapping the precedence tag to

IP DSCP Priority Sets IP Differentiated Services Code Point priority, mapping a

IP Port Priority Status Globally enables or disables IP Port Priority 3-127

IP Port Priority Sets TCP/UDP port priority, defining the socket number and

ACL CoS Priority Sets the CoS value and corresponding output queue for packets

IGMP Snooping 3-132

IGMP Configuration Enables multicast filtering; configures parameters for multicast

Multicast Router Port Information

Static Multicast Router Port Configuration

IP Multicast Registration Table

IGMP Member Port Table Indicates multicast addresses associated with the selected

VLANs

interfaces with a private VLAN

VLANs

interfaces with a private VLAN

Globally selects IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, or disables both.

a class-of-service value

DSCP tag to a class-of-service value

associated class-of-service value

matching an ACL rule

query

Displays the ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router for each VLAN ID

Assigns ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router 3-136

Displays all multicast groups active on this switch, including multicast IP addresses and VLAN ID

VLAN

3-117

3-118

3-117

3-118

3-126

3-127

3-128

3-130

3-131

3-133

3-135

3-137

3-138

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Configuring the Switch

Basic Configuration

Displaying System Information

You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name, location and contact information.

Field Attributes

• System Name – Name assigned to the switch system.

• Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem.

• Location – Specifies the system location.

• Contact – Administrator responsible for the system.

• System Up Time – Length of time the management agent has been up.

These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.

• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.

• Web server – Shows if management access via HTTP is enabled.

• Web server port – Shows the TCP port number used by the web interface.

• Web secure server – Shows if management access via HTTPS is enabled.

• Web secure server port – Shows the TCP port used by the HTTPS interface.

• Telnet server – Shows if management access via Telnet is enabled.

• Telnet server port – Shows the TCP port used by the Telnet interface.

• Jumbo Frame – Shows if jumbo frames are enabled.

• POST result – Shows results of the power-on self-test.

Web – Click System, System Information. Specify the system name, location, and contact information for the system administrator, then click Apply. (This page also includes a Telnet button that allows access to the Command Line Interface via Telnet.)

3-8

Figure 3-3. Displaying System Information

Page 45

Basic Configuration

CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information.

Console(config)#hostname R&D 5 4-25 Console(config)#snmp-server location WC 9 4-100 Console(config)#snmp-server contact Ted 4-100 Console(config)#exit Console#show system 4-58 System description: TigerSwitch 10/100 6716AL2 System OID string: 1.3.6.1.4.1.202.20.40 System information System Up time: 0 days, 2 hours, 4 minutes, and 7.13 seconds System Name: R&D 5 System Location: WC 9 System Contact Ted MAC address 00-30-F1-12-34-56 Web server: enabled Web server port: 80 Web secure server: enabled Web secure server port: 443 Telnet server: enabled Telnet server port: 23 Jumbo Frame: Disabled POST result

DUMMY Test 1.................PASS

UART LOOP BACK Test..........PASS

DRAM Test....................PASS

Timer Test...................PASS

RTC Initialization...........PASS

Switch Int Loopback test.....PASS

Done All Pass. Console#

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions

Use the Switch Information page to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the system.

Field Attributes

Main Board

• Serial Number – The serial number of the switch.

• Number of Ports – Number of built-in RJ-45 ports and SFP slots.

• Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board.

• Internal Power Status – Displays the status of the internal power supply.

Management Software

• Loader Version – Version number of loader code.

• Boot-ROM Version – Version of Power-On Self-Test (POST) and boot code.

• Operation Code Version – Version number of runtime code.

• Role – Shows that this switch is operating as Master (i.e., operating stand-alone).

Expansion Slot

• Expansion Slot 1/2 – Indicates any installed module type.

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Configuring the Switch

These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.

• Unit ID – Unit number in stack.

• Redundant Power Status – Displays the status of the redundant power supply.

Web – Click System, Switch Information.

Figure 3-4. Displaying Switch Information

CLI – Use the following command to display version information.

Console#show version 4-59 Unit 1 Serial number A305051234 Service tag Hardware version R0C Model A type 1000BaseT Model B type 1000BaseT Number of ports 18 Main power status up Redundant power status not present

Agent(master) Unit ID 1 Loader version: 2.2.1.1 Boot ROM version: 2.2.1.2 Operation code version: 2.2.3.5 Console#

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Basic Configuration

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities

The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Multicast Filtering, Traffic Classes, and Virtual LANs. You can access these extensions to display default settings for the key variables.

Field Attributes

• Extended Multicast Filtering Services – This switch does not support the filtering

of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol).

• Traffic Classes – This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic

classes. (Refer to “Class of Service Configuration” on page 3-120.)

• Static Entry Individual Port – This switch allows static filtering for unicast and

multicast addresses. (Refer to “Setting Static Addresses” on page 3-86.)

• VLAN Learning – This switch uses Independent VLAN Learning (IVL), where each

port maintains its own filtering database.

• Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port

VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or Untagged) on each port. (Refer to “VLAN Configuration” on page 3-101.)

• Local VLAN Capable – This switch does not support multiple local bridges

(i.e., multiple spanning trees).

• GMRP – GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to

register endstations with multicast groups. This switch does not support GMRP; it uses the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to provide automatic multicast filtering.

Web – Click System, Bridge Extension Configuration.

Figure 3-5. Displaying Bridge Extension Configuration

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Configuring the Switch

CLI – Enter the following command.

Console#show bridge-ext 4-160 Max support VLAN numbers: 255 Max support VLAN ID: 4094 Extended multicast filtering services: No Static entry individual port: Yes VLAN learning: IVL Configurable PVID tagging: Yes Local VLAN capable: No Traffic classes: Enabled Global GVRP status: Disabled GMRP: Disabled Console#

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

This section describes how to configure an IP interface for management access over the network. The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To manually configure an address, you need to change the switch’s default settings (IP address 0.0.0.0 and netmask 255.0.0.0) to values that are compatible with your network. You may also need to a establish a default gateway between the switch and management stations that exist on another network segment.

You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an address from a BOOTP or DHCP server. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

Command Attributes

• Management VLAN – ID of the configured VLAN (1-4094, no leading zeroes). By

default, all ports on the switch are members of VLAN 1. However, the management station can be attached to a port belonging to any VLAN, as long as that VLAN has been assigned an IP address.

• IP Address Mode – Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration (Static), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Boot Protocol (BOOTP). If DHCP/BOOTP is enabled, IP will not function until a reply has been received from the server. Requests will be broadcast periodically by the switch for an IP address. (DHCP/BOOTP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

• IP Address – Address of the VLAN interface that is allowed management access. Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

• Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets. (Default: 255.0.0.0)

• Gateway IP address – IP address of the gateway router between this device and management stations that exist on other network segments. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.

• Restart DHCP – Requests a new IP address from the DHCP server.

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Basic Configuration

Manual Configuration

Web – Click System, IP Configuration. Select the VLAN through which the management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to “Static,” enter the IP address, subnet mask and gateway, then click Apply.

Figure 3-6. IP Configuration

CLI – Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-104 Console(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.254 255.255.255.0 4-185 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 4-187 Console(config)#

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Configuring the Switch

Using DHCP/BOOTP

If your network provides DHCP/BOOTP services, you can configure the switch to be dynamically configured by these services.

Web – Click System, IP Configuration. Specify the VLAN to which the management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP. Click Apply to save your changes. Then click Restart DHCP to immediately request a new address. Note that the switch will also broadcast a request for IP configuration settings on each power reset.

Figure 3-7. IP Configuration using DHCP

If you lose your management connection, use a console connection and enter

Note:

“show ip interface” to determine the new switch address.

CLI – Specify the management interface, and set the IP address mode to DHCP or BOOTP, and then enter the “ip dhcp restart” command.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-104 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp 4-185 Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart 4-186 Console#show ip interface 4-187 IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: User specified. Console#

Renewing DCHP – DHCP may lease addresses to clients indefinitely or for a specific period of time. If the address expires or the switch is moved to another network segment, you will lose management access to the switch. In this case, you can reboot the switch or submit a client request to restart DHCP service via the CLI.

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Basic Configuration

Web – If the address assigned by DHCP is no longer functioning, you will not be able to renew the IP settings via the web interface. You can only restart DHCP service via the web interface if the current address is still available.

CLI – Enter the following command to restart DHCP service.

Console#ip dhcp restart 4-186 Console#

Managing Firmware

You can upload/download firmware to or from a TFTP server. By saving runtime code to a file on a TFTP server, that file can later be downloaded to the switch to restore operation. You can also set the switch to use new firmware without overwriting the previous version. You must specify the method of file transfer, along with the file type and file names as required. The switch also allows a runtime code file to be copied to or from another switch unit in the stack.

Command Attributes

• File Transfer Method – The firmware copy operation includes these options:

- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.

- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.

- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.

- file to unit – Copies a file from this switch to another unit in the stack.

- unit to file – Copies a file from another unit in the stack to this switch.

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Type – Specify opcode (operational code) to copy firmware.

• File Name –

the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

• Source/Destination Unit – Specifies the switch stack unit number.

Up to two copies of the system software (i.e., the runtime firmware) can be stored

Note:

in the file directory on the switch. The currently designated startup version of this file cannot be deleted.

The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),

the leading letter of

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Configuring the Switch

Downloading System Software from a Server

When downloading runtime code, you can specify the destination file name to replace the current image, or first download the file using a different name from the current runtime code file, and then set the new file as the startup file.

Web –Click System, File Management, Copy Operation. Select “tftp to file” as the file transfer method, enter the IP address of the TFTP server, set the file type to “opcode,” enter the file name of the software to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click Apply. If you replaced the current firmware used for startup and want to start using the new operation code, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

Figure 3-8. Operation Code Image File Transfer

If you download to a new destination file, go to the System/File/Set Start-Up menu, mark the operation code file used at startup, and click Apply. To start the new firmware, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

Figure 3-9. Select Start-Up Operation File

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Basic Configuration

To delete a file select System, File, Delete. Select the file name from the given list by checking the tick box and click Apply. Note that t

startup code cannot be deleted.

he file currently designated as the

Figure 3-10. Deleting Files

CLI – To download new firmware form a TFTP server, enter the IP address of the

TFTP server, select “opcode” as the file type, then enter the source and destination file names. When the file has completed the download, set the new file to start up the system and then restart the switch.

To start the new firmware, enter the “reload” command or reboot the system.

Console#copy tftp file 4-61 TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.19 Choose file type:

1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 2 Source file name: v2.2.39.bix Destination file name: V2239 \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success. Console#config Console(config)#boot system opcode:V2239 4-66 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-22

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings

You can upload/download configuration settings to/from a TFTP server or copy files to and from switch units in a stack. The configuration files can be later downloaded to restore the switch’s settings.

Command Attributes

• File Transfer Method – The configuration copy operation includes these options:

- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.

- file to running-config – Copies a file in the switch to the running configuration.

- file to startup-config – Copies a file in the switch to the startup configuration.

- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.

- running-config to file – Copies the running configuration to a file.

- running-config to startup-config – Copies the running config to the startup config.

- running-config to tftp – Copies the running configuration to a TFTP server.

- startup-config to file – Copies the startup configuration to a file on the switch.

- startup-config to running-config – Copies the startup config to the running config.

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Configuring the Switch

- startup-config to tftp – Copies the startup configuration to a TFTP server.

- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.

- tftp to running-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the running config.

- tftp to startup-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the startup config.

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Type – Specify config (configuration) to copy configuration settings.

•

File Name

Note:

— The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),

The maximum number of user-defined configuration files is limited only by available flash memory space.

the leading letter of

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server

You can download the configuration file under a new file name and then set it as the startup file, or you can specify the current startup configuration file as the destination file to directly replace it. Note that the file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” can be copied to the TFTP server, but cannot be used as the destination on the switch.

Web – Click System, File, Copy. Select “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file” and enter the IP address of the TFTP server. Specify the name of the file to download and select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click Apply.

Figure 3-11. Copy Configuration Settings

If you download to a new file name using “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file,” the file is automatically set as the start-up configuration file. To use the new settings, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

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Basic Configuration

Note that you can also select any configuration file as the start-up configuration by using the System/File/Set Start-Up page.

Figure 3-12. Setting the Startup Configuration Settings

CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, specify the source file on the server,

set the startup file name on the switch, and then restart the switch.

Console#copy tftp startup-config 4-61 TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.19 Source configuration file name: config-1 Startup configuration file name [] : startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#reload

To select another configuration file as the start-up configuration, use the boot system command and then restart the switch.

Console#config Console(config)#boot system config: startup-new 4-66 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-22

Console Port Settings

You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100 compatible device to the switch’s serial console port. Management access through the console port is controlled by various parameters, including a password, timeouts, and basic communication settings. These parameters can be configured via the Web or CLI interface.

Command Attributes

• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the

CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is terminated for the session. (Range: 0-300 seconds; Default: 0)

• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.

If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is terminated. (Range: 0-65535 seconds; Default: 0 seconds)

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Configuring the Switch

• Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the number of failed logon attempts. When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt. (Range: 0-120; Default: 3 attempts)

• Silent Time – Sets the amount of time the management console is inaccessible after the number of unsuccessful logon attempts has been exceeded. (Range: 0-65535; Default: 0)

• Data Bits – Sets the number of data bits per character that are interpreted and generated by the console port. If parity is being generated, specify 7 data bits per character. If no parity is required, specify 8 data bits per character. (Default: 8 bits)

• Parity – Defines the generation of a parity bit. Communication protocols provided by some terminals can require a specific parity bit setting. Specify Even, Odd, or None. (Default: None)

• Speed – Sets the terminal line’s baud rate for transmit (to terminal) and receive (from terminal). Set the speed to match the baud rate of the device connected to the serial port. (Default: 9600 bps)

• Stop Bits – Sets the number of the stop bits transmitted per byte. (Range: 1-2; Default: 1 stop bit)

• Password* – Specifies a password for the line connection. When a connection is started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password. If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. (Default: No password)

• Login* – Enables password checking at login. You can select authentication by a single global password as configured for the Password parameter, or by passwords set up for specific user-name accounts (the default).

* CLI only.

Web – Click System, Line, Console. Specify the console port connection parameters as required, then click Apply.

Figure 3-13. Console Port Settings

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Basic Configuration

CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for the console, then specify the connection parameters as required. To display the current console port settings, use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.

Console(config)#line console 4-10 Console(config-line)#login local 4-11 Console(config-line)#password 0 secret 4-12 Console(config-line)#timeout login response 0 4-13 Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 4-13 Console(config-line)#password-thresh 3 4-14 Console(config-line)#silent-time 60 4-15 Console(config-line)#databits 8 4-15 Console(config-line)#parity none 4-16 Console(config-line)#speed 115200 4-17 Console(config-line)#stopbits 1 4-17 Console(config-line)#end Console#show line 4-18 Console configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: Disabled Login timeout: Disabled Silent time: 60 Baudrate: 115200 Databits: 8 Parity: none Stopbits: 1

VTY configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: 600 sec Login timeout: 300 sec Console#

Telnet Settings

You can access the onboard configuration program over the network using Telnet (i.e., a virtual terminal). Management access via Telnet can be enabled/disabled and other various parameters set, including the TCP port number, timeouts, and a password. These parameters can be configured via the Web or CLI interface.

Command Attributes

• Telnet Status – Enables or disables Telnet access to the switch.

(Default: Enabled)

• Telnet Port Number – Sets the TCP port number for Telnet on the switch.

(Default: 23)

• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the

CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is terminated for the session. (Range: 0-300 seconds; Default: 300 seconds)

• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.

If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is terminated. (Range: 0-65535 seconds; Default: 600 seconds)

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Configuring the Switch

* CLI only.

Web – Click System, Line, Telnet. Specify the connection parameters for Telnet access, then click Apply.

3-22

Figure 3-14. Enabling Telnet

Page 59

Basic Configuration

CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for a virtual terminal, then specify the connection parameters as required. To display the current virtual terminal settings, use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.

Console(config)#line vty 4-10 Console(config-line)#login local 4-11 Console(config-line)#password 0 secret 4-12 Console(config-line)#timeout login response 300 4-13 Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 600 4-13 Console(config-line)#password-thresh 3 4-14 Console(config-line)#end Console#show line 4-18 Console configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: Disabled Login timeout: Disabled Silent time: Disabled Baudrate: 9600 Databits: 8 Parity: none Stopbits: 1

VTY configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: 600 sec Login timeout: 300 sec Console#

Configuring Event Logging

The switch allows you to control the logging of error messages, including the type of events that are recorded in switch memory, logging to a remote System Log (syslog) server, and displays a list of recent event messages.

System Log Configuration

The system allows you to enable or disable event logging, and specify which levels are logged to RAM or flash memory.

Severe error messages that are logged to flash memory are permanently stored in the switch to assist in troubleshooting network problems. Up to 4096 log entries can be stored in the flash memory, with the oldest entries being overwritten first when the available log memory (256 kilobytes) has been exceeded.

The System Logs page allows you to configure and limit system messages that are logged to flash or RAM memory. The default is for event levels 0 to 3 to be logged to flash and levels 0 to 7 to be logged to RAM.

Command Attributes

• System Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages to

the logging process. (Default: Enabled)

• Flash Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s permanent flash memory

for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 3 will be logged to flash. (Range: 0-7, Default: 3)

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Configuring the Switch

Table 3-3. Logging Levels

Level Severity Name Description

7 Debug Debugging messages

6 Informational Informational messages only

5 Notice Normal but significant condition, such as cold start

4 Warning Warning conditions (e.g., return false, unexpected return)

3 Error Error conditions (e.g., invalid input, default used)

2 Critical Critical conditions (e.g., memory allocation, or free memory

1 Alert Immediate action needed

0 Emergency System unusable

* There are only Level 2, 5 and 6 error messages for the current firmware release.

error - resource exhausted)

• RAM Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s temporary RAM memory for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 7 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 7 will be logged to RAM. (Range: 0-7, Default: 6)

The Flash Level must be equal to or less than the RAM Level.

Note:

Web – Click System, Log, System Logs. Specify System Log Status, then

change

the level of messages to be logged to RAM and flash memory, then click Apply.

Figure 3-15. Configuring System Logging Messages

CLI – Enable system logging and then specify the level of messages to be logged to

RAM and flash memory. Use the show logging command to display the current settings.

Console(config)#logging on 4-43 Console(config)#logging history ram 0 4-44 Console(config)#end Console#show logging flash 4-48 Syslog logging: Enabled History logging in FLASH: level emergencies Console#

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Basic Configuration

Remote Logs Configuration

The Remote Logs page allows you to configure the logging of messages that are sent to syslog servers or other management stations. You can also limit the error messages sent to only those messages below a specified level.

Command Attributes

• Remote Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages

to the remote logging process. (Default: Enabled)

• Logging Facility – Sets the facility type for remote logging of syslog messages.

There are eight facility types specified by values of 16 to 23. The facility type is used by the syslog server to dispatch log messages to an appropriate service.

The attribute specifies the facility type tag sent in syslog messages. (See RFC

3164.) This type has no effect on the kind of messages reported by the switch. However, it may be used by the syslog server to process messages, such as sorting or storing messages in the corresponding database. (Range: 16-23, Default: 23)

• Logging Trap – Limits log messages that are sent to the remote syslog server for

all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 3 will be sent to the remote server. (Range: 0-7, Default: 3)

• Host IP List – Displays the list of remote server IP addresses that receive the

syslog messages. The maximum number of host IP addresses allowed is five.

• Host IP Address – Specifies a new server IP address to add to the Host IP List.

Web – Click System, Log, Remote Logs. To add an IP address to the Host IP List, type the new IP address in the Host IP Address box, and then click Add. To delete an IP address, click the entry in the Host IP List, and then click Remove.

Figure 3-16. Enabling Remote Logging and Adding Host IP Addresses

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Configuring the Switch

CLI – Enter the syslog server host IP address, choose the facility type and set the logging trap.

Console(config)#logging host 192.168.1.15 4-45 Console(config)#logging facility 23 4-45 Console(config)#logging trap 4 4-46 Console(config)#end Console#show logging trap 4-46 Syslog logging: Enabled REMOTELOG status: Enabled REMOTELOG facility type: local use 7 REMOTELOG level type: Warning conditions REMOTELOG server ip address: 192.168.1.15 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 Console#

Displaying Log Messages

The Logs page allows you to scroll through the logged system and event messages. The switch can store up to 2048 log entries in temporary random access memory (RAM; i.e., memory flushed on power reset) and up to 4096 entries in permanent flash memory.

Web – Click System, Log, Logs.

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Figure 3-17. Displaying System Logs

Page 63

Basic Configuration

CLI – This example shows that system logging is enabled, the message level for flash memory is “errors” (i.e., default level 3 - 0), the message level for RAM is “debugging” (i.e., default level 7 - 0), and lists one sample error.

Console#show logging flash 4-63 Syslog logging: Enable History logging in FLASH: level errors [0] 0:0:5 1/1/1 "PRI_MGR_InitDefault function fails." level: 3, module: 13, function: 0, and event no.: 0 Console#show logging ram 4-63 Syslog logging: Enable History logging in RAM: level debugging [0] 0:0:5 1/1/1 PRI_MGR_InitDefault function fails." level: 3, module: 13, function: 0, and event no.: 0 Console#

Resetting the System

Web – Click System, Reset to reboot the switch. When prompted, confirm that you want reset the switch.

Figure 3-18. Resetting the System

CLI – Use the reload command to restart the switch. When prompted, confirm that

you want to reset the switch.

Console#reload 4-22 System will be restarted, continue <y/n>? y Console#

When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test.

Note:

Setting the System Clock

Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP). Maintaining an accurate time on the switch enables the system log to record meaningful dates and times for event entries. You can also manually set the clock using the CLI. (See “calendar set” on page 4-53.) If the clock is not set, the switch will only record the time from the factory default set at the last bootup.

When the SNTP client is enabled, the switch periodically sends a request for a time update to a configured time server. You can configure up to three time server IP addresses. The switch will attempt to poll each server in the configured sequence.

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Configuring the Switch

Configuring SNTP

You can configure the switch to send time synchronization requests to time servers.

Command Attributes

• SNTP Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP client. This requires at least one time server to be specified in the SNTP Server field. (Default: Disabled)

• SNTP Poll Interval – Sets the interval between sending requests for a time update from a time server. (Range: 16-16284 seconds; Default: 16 seconds)

• SNTP Server – Sets the IP address for up to three time servers. The switch attempts to update the time from the first server, if this fails it attempts an update from the next server in the sequence.

Web – Select SNTP, Configuration. Modify any of the required parameters, and click Apply.

Figure 3-19. Configuring SNTP

CLI – This example configures the switch to operate as an SNTP unicast client and

then displays the current time and settings.

Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2 4-51 Console(config)#sntp poll 60 4-51 Console(config)#sntp client 4-50 Console(config)#exit Console#show sntp Current time: Jan 6 14:56:05 2004 Poll interval: 60 Current mode: unicast SNTP status : Enabled SNTP server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2 Current server: 128.250.36.2 Console#

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Setting the Time Zone

SNTP uses Coordinated Universal Time (or UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT) based on the time at the Earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC.

Command Attributes

• Current Time – Displays the current time.

• Name – Assigns a name to the time zone. (Range: 1-29 characters)

• Hours (0-12) – The number of hours before/after UTC.

• Minutes (0-59) – The number of minutes before/after UTC.

• Direction – Configures the time zone to be before (east) or after (west) UTC.

Web – Select SNTP, Clock Time Zone. Set the offset for your time zone relative to the UTC, and click Apply.

Figure 3-20. Setting the System Clock

CLI - This example shows how to set the time zone for the system clock.

Console(config)#clock timezone Dhaka hours 6 minute 0 after-UTC 4-52 Console#

Simple Network Management Protocol

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a communication protocol designed specifically for managing devices on a network. Equipment commonly managed with SNMP includes switches, routers and host computers. SNMP is typically used to configure these devices for proper operation in a network environment, as well as to monitor them to evaluate performance or detect potential problems.

The switch includes an onboard SNMP agent that continuously monitors the status of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A network management station can access this information using software such as HP OpenView. Access rights to the onboard agent are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the management station must first submit a valid

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Configuring the Switch

community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings, trap functions, and restricting access to clients with specified IP addresses are described in the following sections.

Setting Community Access Strings

You may configure up to five community strings authorized for management access. All community strings used for IP Trap Managers should be listed in this table. For security reasons, you should consider removing the default strings.

Command Attributes

• SNMP Community Capability – Indicates that the switch supports up to five community strings.

• Community String – A community string that acts like a password and permits access to the SNMP protocol. Default strings: “public” (read-only access), “private” (read/write access) Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive

• Access Mode

- Read-Only – Specifies read-only access. Authorized management stations are

only able to retrieve MIB objects.

- Read/Write – Specifies read-write access. Authorized management stations are

able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects.

Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Add new community strings as required, select the access rights from the Access Mode drop-down list, then click Add.

Figure 3-21. Configuring SNMP

CLI – The following example adds the string “spiderman” with read/write access.

Console(config)#snmp-server community spiderman rw 4-99 Console(config)#

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Simple Network Management Protocol

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types

Traps indicating status changes are issued by the switch to specified trap managers. You must specify trap managers so that key events are reported by this switch to your management station (using network management platforms such as HP OpenView). You can specify up to five management stations that will receive authentication failure messages and other trap messages from the switch.

Command Attributes

• Trap Manager Capability – This switch supports up to five trap managers.

• Current – Displays a list of the trap managers currently configured.

• Trap Manager IP Address – IP address of the host (the targeted recipient).

• Trap Manager Community String – Community string sent with the notification

operation. (Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive)

• Trap Version – Specifies whether to send notifications as SNMP v1 or v2c traps.

(The default is version 1.)

• Enable Authentication Traps – Issues a trap message whenever an invalid

community string is submitted during the SNMP access authentication process. (Default: Enabled.)

• Enable Link-up and Link-down Traps – Issues a trap message whenever a port

link is established or broken. (Default: Enabled)

Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Fill in the IP address and community string for each trap manager that will receive these messages, specify the SNMP version, mark the trap types required, and then click Add.

Figure 3-22. Configuring IP Trap Managers

CLI – This example adds a trap manager and enables both authentication and

link-up, link-down traps.

Console(config)#snmp-server host 192.168.1.19 private version 2c 4-101 Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps 4-102

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Configuring the Switch

User Authentication

You can restrict management access to this switch using the following options:

• User Accounts – Manually configure access rights on the switch for specified users.

• Authentication Settings – Use remote authentication to configure access rights.

• HTTPS Settings – Provide a secure web connection.

• SSH Settings – Provide a secure shell (for secure Telnet access).

• Port Security – Configure secure addresses for individual ports.

• 802.1x – Use IEEE 802.1x port authentication to control access to specific ports.

• IP Filter – Filters management access to the web, SNMP or Telnet interface.

Configuring User Accounts

The guest only has read access for most configuration parameters. However, the administrator has write access for all parameters governing the onboard agent. You should therefore assign a new administrator password as soon as possible, and store it in a safe place.

The default guest name is “guest” with the password “guest.” The default administrator name is “admin” with the password “admin.”

Command Attributes

• Account List – Displays the current list of user accounts and associated access levels. (Defaults: admin, and guest)

• New Account – Displays configuration settings for a new account.

- User Name – The name of the user.

(Maximum length: 8 characters)

- Access Level – Specifies the user level.

(Options: Normal and Privileged)

- Password – Specifies the user password.

(Range: 0-8 characters plain text, case sensitive)

• Change Password – Sets a new password for the specified user name.

• Add/Remove – Adds or removes an account from the list.

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User Authentication

Web – Click Security, User Accounts. To configure a new user account, specify a user name, select the user’s access level, then enter a password and confirm it. Click Add to save the new user account and add it to the Account List. To change the password for a specific user, enter the user name and new password, confirm the password by entering it again, then click Apply.

Figure 3-23. Access Levels

CLI – Assign a user name to access-level 15 (i.e., administrator), then specify the

password.

Console(config)#username bob access-level 15 4-26 Console(config)#username bob password 0 smith Console(config)#

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Configuring the Switch

Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication

Use the Authentication Settings menu to restrict management access based on specified user names and passwords. You can manually configure access rights on the switch, or you can use a remote access authentication server based on RADIUS or TACACS+ protocols.

Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) and Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) are logon

Web Telnet

authentication protocols that use software running on a central server to control access to RADIUS-aware or TACACS-aware devices on the network. An authentication

RADIUS/ TACACS+ server

1. Client attempts management access.

2. Switch contacts authentication server.

3. Authentication server challenges client.

4. Client responds with proper password or key.

5. Authentication server approves access.

6. Switch grants management access.

server contains a database of multiple user name/password pairs with associated privilege levels for each user that requires management access to the switch.

RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP. UDP only offers best effort delivery, while TCP offers a connection-oriented transport. Also, note that RADIUS encrypts only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server, while TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the packet.

Command Usage

• By default, management access is always checked against the authentication database stored on the local switch. If a remote authentication server is used, you must specify the authentication sequence and the corresponding parameters for the remote authentication protocol. Local and remote logon authentication control management access via the console port, web browser, or Telnet.

• RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication assign a specific privilege level for each user name/password pair. The user name, password, and privilege level must be configured on the authentication server.

• You can specify up to three authentication methods for any user to indicate the authentication sequence. For example, if you select (1) RADIUS, (2) TACACS and (3) Local, the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the RADIUS server is not available, then authentication is attempted using the TACACS+ server, and finally the local user name and password is checked.

console

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User Authentication

Command Attributes

• Authentication – Select the authentication, or authentication sequence required:

- Local – User authentication is performed only locally by the switch.

- Radius – User authentication is performed using a RADIUS server only.

- TACACS – User authentication is performed using a TACACS+ server only.

- [authentication sequence] – User authentication is performed by up to three authentication methods in the indicated sequence.

• RADIUS Settings

- Global – Provides globally applicable RADIUS settings.

- ServerIndex – Specifies one of five RADIUS servers that may be configured. The switch attempts authentication using the listed sequence of servers. The process ends when a server either approves or denies access to a user.

- Server Port Number – Network (UDP) port of authentication server used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 1812)

- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)

- Number of Server Transmits – Number of times the switch tries to authenticate logon access via the authentication server. (Range: 1-30; Default: 2)

- Timeout for a reply – The number of seconds the switch waits for a reply from the RADIUS server before it resends the request. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 5)

• TACACS Settings

- Server IP Address – Address of the TACACS+ server. (Default: 10.11.12.13)

- Server Port Number – Network (TCP) port of TACACS+ server used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 49)

- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)

The local switch user database has to be set up by manually entering user names

Note:

and passwords using the CLI. (See “username” on page 4-26.)

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Configuring the Switch

Web – Click Security, Authentication Settings. To configure local or remote authentication preferences, specify the authentication sequence (i.e., one to three methods), fill in the parameters for RADIUS or TACACS+ authentication if selected, and click Apply.

Figure 3-24. Authentication Settings

CLI – Specify all the required parameters to enable logon authentication.

Console(config)#authentication login radius 4-67 Console(config)#radius-server port 181 4-70 Console(config)#radius-server key green 4-71 Console(config)#radius-server retransmit 5 4-71 Console(config)#radius-server timeout 10 4-72 Console(config)#radius-server 1 host 192.168.1.25 4-69 Console(config)#end Console#show radius-server 4-72

Remote RADIUS server configuration:

Global settings: Communication key with RADIUS server: ***** Server port number: 181 Retransmit times: 5 Request timeout: 10

Server 1: Server IP address: 192.168.1.25 Communication key with RADIUS server: ***** Server port number: 1812 Retransmit times: 2 Request timeout: 5

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User Authentication

Console#configure Console(config)#authentication login tacacs 4-67 Console(config)#tacacs-server host 10.20.30.40 4-73 Console(config)#tacacs-server port 200 4-73 Console(config)#tacacs-server key green 4-74 Console#show tacacs-server 4-74 Server IP address: 10.20.30.40 Communication key with tacacs server: green Server port number: 200 Console(config)#

Configuring HTTPS

You can configure the switch to enable the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) over the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), providing secure access (i.e., an encrypted connection) to the switch’s web interface.

Command Usage

• Both the HTTP and HTTPS service can be enabled independently on the switch. However, you cannot configure both services to use the same UDP port.

• If you enable HTTPS, you must indicate this in the URL that you specify in your browser: https://device[:port_number]

• When you start HTTPS, the connection is established in this way:

- The client authenticates the server using the server’s digital certificate.

- The client and server negotiate a set of security protocols to use for the

connection.

- The client and server generate session keys for encrypting and decrypting data.

• The client and server establish a secure encrypted connection. A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 5.x or above and Netscape Navigator 4.x or above.

• The following web browsers and operating systems currently support HTTPS:

Table 3-4. Compatible Operating Systems

Web Browser Operating System

Internet Explorer 5.0 or later Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),

Netscape Navigator 4.76 or later Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),

Windows 2000, Windows XP

Windows 2000, Windows XP, Solaris 2.6

• To specify a secure-site certificate, see “Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate” on page 3-38.

Command Attributes

• HTTPS Status – Allows you to enable/disable the HTTPS server feature on the switch.

(Default: Enabled)

•

Change HTTPS Port Number – Specifies the UDP port number used for HTTPS/ SSL connection to the switch’s web interface. (Default: Port 443)

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Web – Click Security, HTTPS Settings. Enable HTTPS and specify the port number, then click Apply.

Figure 3-25. HTTPS Settings

CLI – This example enables the HTTP secure server and modifies the port number.

Console(config)#ip http secure-server 4-31 Console(config)#ip http secure-port 441 4-32 Console(config)#

Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate

When you log onto the web interface using HTTPS (for secure access), a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate appears for the switch. By default, the certificate that Netscape and Internet Explorer display will be associated with a warning that the site is not recognized as a secure site. This is because the certificate has not been signed by an approved certification authority. If you want this warning to be replaced by a message confirming that the connection to the switch is secure, you must obtain a unique certificate and a private key and password from a recognized certification authority.

Caution: For maximum security, we recommend you obtain a unique Secure Sockets

Layer certificate at the earliest opportunity. This is because the default certificate for the switch is not unique to the hardware you have purchased.

When you have obtained these, place them on your TFTP server, and use the following command at the switch's command-line interface to replace the default (unrecognized) certificate with an authorized one:

Console#copy tftp https-certificate 4-61 TFTP server ip address: <server ip-address> Source certificate file name: <certificate file name> Source private file name: <private key file name> Private password: <password for private key>

Note:

The switch must be reset for the new certificate to be activated. To reset the switch, type:

Console#reload

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User Authentication

Configuring the Secure Shell

The Berkley-standard includes remote access tools originally designed for Unix systems. Some of these tools have also been implemented for Microsoft Windows and other environments. These tools, including commands such as rlogin (remote login), rsh (remote shell), and rcp (remote copy), are not secure from hostile attacks.

The Secure Shell (SSH) includes server/client applications intended as a secure replacement for the older Berkley remote access tools. SSH can also provide remote management access to this switch as a secure replacement for Telnet. When the client contacts the switch via the SSH protocol, the switch generates a public-key that the client uses along with a local user name and password for access authentication. SSH also encrypts all data transfers passing between the switch and SSH-enabled management station clients, and ensures that data traveling over the network arrives unaltered.

Note that you need to install an SSH client on the management station to access the switch for management via the SSH protocol.

The switch supports both SSH Version 1.5 and 2.0.

Note:

Command Usage

The SSH server on this switch supports both password and public key authentication. If password authentication is specified by the SSH client, then the password can be authenticated either locally or via a RADIUS or TACACS+ remote authentication server, as specified on the Authentication Settings page (page 3-34). If public key authentication is specified by the client, then you must configure authentication keys on both the client and the switch as described in the following section. Note that regardless of whether you use public key or password authentication, you still have to generate authentication keys on the switch (SSH Host Key Settings) and enable the SSH server (Authentication Settings).

To use the SSH server, complete these steps:

1. Generate a Host Key Pair – On the SSH Host Key Settings page, create a host

public/private key pair.

2. Provide Host Public Key to Clients – Many SSH client programs automatically

import the host public key during the initial connection setup with the switch. Otherwise, you need to manually create a known hosts file on the management station and place the host public key in it. An entry for a public key in the known hosts file would appear similar to the following example:

10.1.0.54 1024 35 15684995401867669259333946775054617325313674890836547254 15020245593199868544358361651999923329781766065830956 10825913212890233 76546801726272571413428762941301196195566782 59566410486957427888146206 51941746772984865468615717739390164779355942303577413098022737087794545 24083971752646358058176716709574804776117

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3. Import Client’s Public Key to the Switch – Use the copy tftp public-key command (page 4-61) to copy a file containing the public key for all the SSH client’s granted management access to the switch. (Note that these clients must be configured locally on the switch via the User Accounts page as described on page 3-32.) The clients are subsequently authenticated using these keys. The current firmware only accepts public key files based on standard UNIX format as shown in the following example for an RSA Version 1 key:

1024 35 1341081685609893921040944920155425347631641921872958921143173880 05553616163105177594083868631109291232226828519254374603100937187721199 69631781366277414168985132049117204830339254324101637997592371449011938 00609025394840848271781943722884025331159521348610229029789827213532671 31629432532818915045306393916643 steve@192.168.1.19

4. Set the Optional Parameters – On the SSH Settings page, configure the optional parameters, including the authentication timeout, the number of retries, and the server key size.

5. Enable SSH Service – On the SSH Settings page, enable the SSH server on the switch.

6. Challenge-Response Authentication – When an SSH client attempts to contact the switch, the SSH server uses the host key pair to negotiate a session key and encryption method. Only clients that have a private key corresponding to the public keys stored on the switch can access. The following exchanges take place during this process:

a. The client sends its public key to the switch. b. The switch compares the client's public key to those stored in memory. c. If a match is found, the switch uses the public key to encrypt a random

sequence of bytes, and sends this string to the client.

d. The client uses its private key to decrypt the bytes, and sends the

decrypted bytes back to the switch.

e. The switch compares the decrypted bytes to the original bytes it sent. If the

two sets match, this means that the client's private key corresponds to an authorized public key, and the client is authenticated.

Notes: 1. To use SSH with only password authentication, the host public key must still

be given to the client, either during initial connection or manually entered into the known host file. However, you do not need to configure the client’s keys.

2. The SSH server supports up to four client sessions. The maximum number

of client sessions includes both current Telnet sessions and SSH sessions.

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Generating the Host Key Pair

A host public/private key pair is used to provide secure communications between an SSH client and the switch. After generating this key pair, you must provide the host public key to SSH clients and import the client’s public key to the switch as described in the proceeding section (Command Usage).

Field Attributes

• Public-Key of Host-Key – The public key for the host.

- RSA (Version 1): The first field indicates the size of the host key (e.g., 1024), the

second field is the encoded public exponent (e.g., 65537), and the last string is the encoded modulus.

- DSA (Version 2): The first field indicates that the encryption method used by

SSH is based on the Digital Signature Standard (DSS). The last string is the encoded modulus.

• Host-Key Type – The key type used to generate the host key pair (i.e., public and private keys). (Range: RSA (Version 1), DSA (Version 2), Both: Default: RSA)

The SSH server uses RSA or DSA for key exchange when the client first establishes a connection with the switch, and then negotiates with the client to select either DES (56-bit) or 3DES (168-bit) for data encryption.

• Save Host-Key from Memory to Flash – Saves the host key from RAM (i.e., volatile memory to flash memory. Otherwise, the host key pair is stored to RAM by default. Note that you must select this item prior to generating the host-key pair.

• Generate – This button is used to generate the host key pair. Note that you must first generate the host key pair before you can enable the SSH server on the SSH Server Settings page.

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Configuring the Switch

Web – Click Security, SSH, Host-Key Settings. Select the host-key type from the drop-down box, select the option to save the host key from memory to flash (if required) prior to generating the key, and then click Generate.

Figure 3-26. SSH Host-Key Settings

CLI – This example generates a host-key pair using both the RSA and DSA

algorithms, stores the keys to flash memory, and then displays the host’s public keys.

Console#ip ssh crypto host-key generate 4-36 Console#ip ssh save host-key 4-36 Console#show public-key host 4-36 Host: RSA: 1024 65537 127250922544926402131336514546131189679055192360076028653006761 82409690947448320102524878965977592168322225584652387791546479807396314033 86925793105105765212243052807865885485789272602937866089236841423275912127 60325919683697053439336438445223335188287173896894511729290510813919642025 190932104328579045764891 DSA: ssh-dss AAAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAN6zwIqCqDb3869jYVXlME1sHL0EcE/Re6hlasfEthIwmj hLY4O0jqJZpcEQUgCfYlum0Y2uoLka+Py9ieGWQ8f2gobUZKIICuKg6vjO9XTs7XKc05xfzkBi KviDa+2OrIz6UK+6vFOgvUDFedlnixYTVo+h5v8r0ea2rpnO6DkZAAAAFQCNZn/x17dwpW8RrV DQnSWw4Qk+6QAAAIEAptkGeB6B5hwagH4gUOCY6i1TmrmSiJgfwO9OqRPUMbCAkCC+uzxatOo7 drnIZypMx+Sx5RUdMGgKS+9ywsa1cWqHeFY5ilc3lDCNBueeLykZzVS+RS+azTKIk/zrJh8GLG Nq375R55yRxFvmcGIn/Q7IphPqyJ3o9MK8LFDfmJEAAACAL8A6tESiswP2OFqX7VGoEbzVDSOI RTMFy3iUXtvGyQAOVSy67Mfc3lMtgqPRUOYXDiwIBp5NXgilCg5z7VqbmRm28mWc5a//f8TUAg PNWKV6W0hqmshQdotVzDR1e+XKNTZj0uTwWfjO5Kytdn4MdoTHgrbl/DMdAfjnte8MZZs=

Console#

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User Authentication

Configuring the SSH Server

The SSH server includes basic settings for authentication.

Field Attributes

• SSH Server Status – Allows you to enable/disable the SSH server on the switch. (Default: Disabled)

• Version – The Secure Shell version number. Version 2.0 is displayed, but the switch supports management access via either SSH Version 1.5 or 2.0 clients.

• SSH Authentication Timeout – Specifies the time interval in seconds that the SSH server waits for a response from a client during an authentication attempt. (Range: 1-120 seconds; Default: 120 seconds)

• SSH Authentication Retries – Specifies the number of authentication attempts that a client is allowed before authentication fails and the client has to restart the authentication process. (Range: 1-5 times; Default: 3)

• SSH Server-Key Size – Specifies the SSH server key size. (Range: 512-896 bits)

- The server key is a private key that is never shared outside the switch.

- The host key is shared with the SSH client, and is fixed at 1024 bits.

Web – Click Security, SSH, Settings. Enable SSH and adjust the authentication parameters as required, then click Apply. Note that you must first generate the host key pair on the SSH Host-Key Settings page before you can enable the SSH server.

Figure 3-27. SSH Server Settings

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Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example enables SSH, sets the authentication parameters, and displays the current configuration. It shows that the administrator has made a connection via SHH, and then disables this connection.

Console(config)#ip ssh server 4-36 Console(config)#ip ssh timeout 100 4-37 Console(config)#ip ssh authentication-retries 5 4-37 Console(config)#ip ssh server-key size 512 4-38 Console(config)#end Console#show ip ssh 4-40 SSH Enabled - version 2.0 Negotiation timeout: 120 secs; Authentication retries: 5 Server key size: 512 bits Console#show ssh 4-41 Connection Version State Username Encryption 0 2.0 Session-Started admin ctos aes128-cbc-hmac-md5 stoc aes128-cbc-hmac-md5 Console#disconnect 0 4-18 Console#

Configuring Port Security

Port security is a feature that allows you to configure a switch port with one or more device MAC addresses that are authorized to access the network through that port. When port security is enabled on a port, the switch stops learning new MAC addresses on the specified port when it has reached a configured maximum number. Only incoming traffic with source addresses already stored in the dynamic or static address table will be accepted as authorized to access the network through that port. If a device with an unauthorized MAC address attempts to use the switch port, the intrusion will be detected and the switch can automatically take action by disabling the port and sending a trap message.

To use port security, specify a maximum number of addresses to allow on the port and then let the switch dynamically learn the <source MAC address, VLAN> pair for frames received on the port. Note that you can also manually add secure addresses to the port using the Static Address Table (page 3-86). When the port has reached the maximum number of MAC addresses the selected port will stop learning. The MAC addresses already in the address table will be retained and will not age out. Any other device that attempts to use the port will be prevented from accessing the switch.

Command Usage

• A secure port has the following restrictions:

- Cannot use port monitoring.

- Cannot be a multi-VLAN port.

- It cannot be used as a member of a static or dynamic trunk.

- It should not be connected to a network interconnection device.

• The default maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a secure port is zero. You must configure a maximum address count from 1 - 1024 for the port to allow access.

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• If a port is disabled (shut down) due to a security violation, it must be manually

re-enabled from the Port/Port Configuration page (page 3-64).

Command Attributes

• Port – Port number.

• Name – Descriptive text (page 4-105).

• Action – Indicates the action to be taken when a port security violation is detected:

- None: No action should be taken. (This is the default.)

- Trap: Send an SNMP trap message.

- Shutdown: Disable the port.

- Trap and Shutdown: Send an SNMP trap message and disable the port.

• Security Status – Enables or disables port security on the port. (Default: Disabled)

• Max MAC Count – The maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned

on a port. (Range: 0 - 1024)

• Trunk – Trunk number if port is a member (page 3-67 and 3-68).

Web – Click Security, Port Security. Mark the checkbox in the Status column to enable security for a port, set the maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a port, and click Apply.

Figure 3-28. Configuring Port Security

CLI – This example selects the target port, sets the port security action to send a

trap and disable the port and sets the maximum MAC addresses allowed on the port, and then enables port security for the port.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#port security action trap-and-shutdown 4-75 Console(config-if)#port security max-mac-count 20 Console(config-if)#port security Console(config-if)#

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Configuring the Switch

Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication

Network switches can provide open and easy access to network resources by simply attaching a client PC. Although this automatic configuration and access is a desirable feature, it also allows unauthorized personnel to easily intrude and possibly gain access to sensitive network data.

The IEEE 802.1x (dot1x) standard defines a port-based access control procedure that prevents unauthorized access to a network by requiring users to first submit credentials for authentication. Access to all switch ports in a network can be centrally controlled from a server, which means that authorized users can use the same credentials for authentication from any point within the network.

This switch uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to exchange authentication protocol messages with the client, and a remote RADIUS authentication server to verify user identity and access rights. When a client (i.e., Supplicant) connects to a switch port, the switch (i.e., Authenticator) responds with an EAPOL identity request. The client provides its identity (such as a user name) in an EAPOL response to the switch, which it forwards to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server verifies the client identity and sends an access challenge back to the client. The EAP packet from the RADIUS server contains not only the challenge, but the authentication method to be used. The client can reject the authentication method and request another, depending on the configuration of the client software and the RADIUS server. The authentication method must be MD5. The client responds to the appropriate method with its credentials, such as a password or certificate. The RADIUS server verifies the client credentials and responds with an accept or reject packet. If authentication is successful, the switch allows the client to access the network. Otherwise, network access is denied and the port remains blocked.

The operation of 802.1x on the switch requires the following:

• The switch must have an IP address assigned.

• RADIUS authentication must be enabled on the switch and the IP address of the RADIUS server specified.

• Each switch port that will be used must be set to dot1x “Auto” mode.

• Each client that needs to be authenticated must have dot1x client software installed and properly configured.

• The RADIUS server and 802.1x client support EAP. (The switch only supports EAPOL in order to pass the EAP packets from the server to the client.)

802.1x client

RADIUS server

1. Client attempts to access a switch port.

2. Switch sends client an identity request.

3. Client sends back identity information.

4. Switch forwards this to authentication server.

5. Authentication server challenges client.

6. Client responds with proper credentials.

7. Authentication server approves access.

8. Switch grants client access to this port.

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• The RADIUS server and client also have to support the same EAP authentication

type – MD5. (Some clients have native support in Windows, otherwise the dot1x client must support it.)

Displaying 802.1x Global Settings

The 802.1x protocol provides client authentication.

Command Attributes

• 802.1x System Authentication Control – The global setting for 802.1x.

Web – Click Security, 802.1X, Information.

Figure 3-29. 802.1X Information

CLI – This example shows the default global setting for 802.1x.

Console#show dot1x 4-82 Global 802.1X Parameters system-auth-control: enable

802.1X Port Summary

Port Name Status Operation Mode Mode Authorized 1/1 disabled Single-Host ForceAuthorized n/a 1/2 disabled Single-Host ForceAuthorized n/a

. . .

802.1X Port Details

802.1X is disabled on port 1/1

802.1X is disabled on port 26 . . .

Console#

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Configuring the Switch

Configuring 802.1x Global Settings

The 802.1x protocol provides client authentication.

Command Attributes

• 802.1x System Authentication Control – Sets the global setting for 802.1x. (Default: Disabled)

Web – Select Security, 802.1x, Configuration. Enable 802.1x globally for the switch, and click Apply.

Figure 3-30. 802.1X Configuration

CLI – This example enables 802.1x globally for the switch.

Console(config)#dot1x system-auth-control 4-77 Console(config)#

Configuring Port Settings for 802.1x

When 802.1x is enabled, you need to configure the parameters for the authentication process that runs between the client and the switch (i.e., authenticator), as well as the client identity lookup process that runs between the switch and authentication server. These parameters are described in this section.

Command Attributes

• Port – Port number.

• Status – Indicates if authentication is enabled or disabled on the port. (Default: Disabled)

• Operation Mode – Allows single or multiple hosts (clients) to connect to an

802.1X-authorized port. (Options: Single-Host, Multi-Host; Default: Single-Host)

• Max Count – The maximum number of hosts that can connect to a port when the Multi-Host operation mode is selected. (Range: 1-1024; Default: 5)

• Mode – Sets the authentication mode to one of the following options:

- Auto – Requires a dot1x-aware client to be authorized by the authentication

server. Clients that are not dot1x-aware will be denied access.

- Force-Authorized – Forces the port to grant access to all clients, either

dot1x-aware or otherwise. (This is the default setting.)

- Force-Unauthorized – Forces the port to deny access to all clients, either

dot1x-aware or otherwise.

• Re-authen – Sets the client to be re-authenticated after the interval specified by the Re-authentication Period. Re-authentication can be used to detect if a new device is plugged into a switch port. (Default: Disabled)

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• Max-Req – Sets the maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit an

EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session. (Range: 1-10; Default 2)

• Quiet Period – Sets the time that a switch port waits after the Max Request Count

has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 60 seconds)

• Re-authen Period – Sets the time period after which a connected client must be

re-authenticated. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 3600 seconds)

• TX Period – Sets the time period during an authentication session that the switch

waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 30 seconds)

• Authorized –

- Yes – Connected client is authorized.

- No – Connected client is not authorized.

- Blank – Displays nothing when dot1x is disabled on a port.

• Supplicant – Indicates the MAC address of a connected client.

• Trunk – Indicates if the port is configured as a trunk port.

Web – Click Security, 802.1x, Port Configuration. Modify the parameters required, and click Apply.

Figure 3-31. 802.1x Port Configuration

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Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example sets the 802.1x parameters on port 2. For a description of the additional fields displayed in this example, see “show dot1x” on page 4-82.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 4-104 Console(config-if)#dot1x port-control auto 4-79 Console(config-if)#dot1x re-authentication 4-80 Console(config-if)#dot1x max-req 5 4-78 Console(config-if)#dot1x timeout quiet-period 30 4-81 Console(config-if)#dot1x timeout re-authperiod 1800 4-81 Console(config-if)#dot1x timeout tx-period 40 4-82 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#exit Console#show dot1x 4-82 Global 802.1X Parameters system-auth-control: enable

802.1X Port Summary

Port Name Status Operation Mode Mode Authorized 1/1 disabled Single-Host ForceAuthorized n/a 1/2 enabled Single-Host auto yes

. . .

1/26 disabled Single-Host ForceAuthorized n/a

802.1X Port Details

802.1X is disabled on port 1/1

802.1X is enabled on port 1/2 reauth-enabled: Enable reauth-period: 1800 quiet-period: 30 tx-period: 40 supplicant-timeout: 30 server-timeout: 10 reauth-max: 2 max-req: 5 Status Authorized Operation mode Single-Host Max count 5 Port-control Auto Supplicant 00-00-e8-49-5e-dc Current Identifier 3

Authenticator State Machine State Authenticated Reauth Count 0

Backend State Machine State Idle Request Count 0 Identifier(Server) 2

Reauthentication State Machine State Initialize

. . .

802.1X is disabled on port 1/26 Console#

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User Authentication

Displaying 802.1x Statistics

This switch can display statistics for dot1x protocol exchanges for any port.

Statistical Values

Table 3-5. 802.1x Statistics

Parameter Description

Rx EAPOL Start The number of EAPOL Start frames that have been received by this

Rx EAPOL Logoff The number of EAPOL Logoff frames that have been received by this

Rx EAPOL Invalid The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this

Rx EAPOL Total The number of valid EAPOL frames of any type that have been received

Rx EAP Resp/Id The number of EAP Resp/Id frames that have been received by this

Rx EAP Resp/Oth The number of valid EAP Response frames (other than Resp/Id frames)

Rx EAP LenError The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this

Rx Last EAPOLVer The protocol version number carried in the most recently received EAPOL

Rx Last EAPOLSrc The source MAC address carried in the most recently received EAPOL

Tx EAPOL Total The number of EAPOL frames of any type that have been transmitted by

Tx EAP Req/Id The number of EAP Req/Id frames that have been transmitted by this

Tx EAP Req/Oth The number of EAP Request frames (other than Rq/Id frames) that have

Authenticator.

Authenticator in which the frame type is not recognized.

by this Authenticator.

Authenticator.

that have been received by this Authenticator.

Authenticator in which the Packet Body Length field is invalid.

frame.

this Authenticator.

Authenticator.

been transmitted by this Authenticator.

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Configuring the Switch

Web – Select Security, 802.1x, Statistics. Select the required port and then click Query. Click Refresh to update the statistics.

Figure 3-32. Displaying 802.1x Port Statistics

CLI – This example displays the 802.1x statistics for port 4.

Console#show dot1x statistics interface ethernet 1/4 4-82

Eth 1/4 Rx: EAPOL EAPOL EAPOL EAPOL EAP EAP EAP Start Logoff Invalid Total Resp/Id Resp/Oth LenError 2 0 0 1007 672 0 0

Last Last EAPOLVer EAPOLSrc 1 00-00-E8-98-73-21

Tx: EAPOL EAP EAP Total Req/Id Req/Oth 2017 1005 0 Console#

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Access Control Lists

Access Control Lists (ACL) provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, Layer 4 protocol port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). To filter incoming packets, first create an access list, add the required rules and then bind the list to a specific port.

Configuring Access Control Lists

An ACL is a sequential list of permit or deny conditions that apply to IP addresses, MAC addresses, or other more specific criteria. This switch tests ingress or egress packets against the conditions in an ACL one by one. A packet will be accepted as soon as it matches a permit rule, or dropped as soon as it matches a deny rule. If no rules match for a list of all permit rules, the packet is dropped; and if no rules match for a list of all deny rules, the packet is accepted.

Command Usage

The following restrictions apply to ACLs:

• Each ACL can have up to 32 rules.

• The maximum number of ACLs is 88.

• However, due to resource restrictions, the average number of rules bound to the

ports should not exceed 20.

• This switch supports ACLs for ingress filtering only. However, you can only bind

one IP ACL to any port and one MAC ACL globally for ingress filtering. In other words, only two ACLs can be bound to an interface - Ingress IP ACL and Ingress MAC ACL.

The order in which active ACLs are checked is as follows:

1. User-defined rules in the Ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports.

2. User-defined rules in the Ingress IP ACL for ingress ports.

3. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress IP ACL for ingress ports.

4. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports.

5. If no explicit rule is matched, the implicit default is permit all.

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Configuring the Switch

Setting the ACL Name and Type

Use the ACL Configuration page to designate the name and type of an ACL.

Command Attributes

• Name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters)

• Type – There are three filtering modes:

- Standard: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on the source IP address.

- Extended: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on source or destination IP address, as well as protocol type and protocol port number. If the “TCP” protocol is specified, then you can also filter packets based on the TCP control code.

- MAC: MAC ACL mode that filters packets based on the source or destination MAC address and the Ethernet frame type (RFC 1060).

Web – Click Security, ACL, Configuration. Enter an ACL name in the Name field, select the list type (IP Standard, IP Extended, or MAC), and click Add to open the configuration page for the new list.

Figure 3-33. Selecting ACL Type

CLI – This example creates a standard IP ACL named david.

Console(config)#access-list ip standard david 4-86 Console(config-std-acl)#

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Access Control Lists

Configuring a Standard IP ACL

Command Attributes

• Action – An ACL can contain all permit rules or all deny rules. (Default: Permit)

• Address Type – Specifies the source IP address. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any)

• IP Address – Source IP address.

• Subnet Mask – A subnet mask containing four integers from 0 to 255, each separated by a period. The mask uses 1 bits to indicate “match” and 0 bits to indicate “ignore.” The mask is bitwise ANDed with the specified source IP address, and compared with the address for each IP packet entering the port(s) to which this ACL has been assigned.

Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the mask for an address range. Then click Add.

Figure 3-34. Configuring Standard ACLs

CLI – This example configures one permit rule for the specific address 10.1.1.21

and another rule for the address range 168.92.16.x – 168.92.31.x using a bitmask.

Console(config-std-acl)#permit host 10.1.1.21 4-87 Console(config-std-acl)#permit 168.92.16.0 255.255.240.0 Console(config-std-acl)#

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Configuring the Switch

Configuring an Extended IP ACL

Command Attributes

• Action – An ACL can contain either all permit rules or all deny rules. (Default: Permit rules)

• Source/Destination Address Type – Specifies the source or destination IP address. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any)

• Source/Destination Address – Source or destination IP address.

• Source/Destination Subnet Mask – Subnet mask for source or destination address. (See the description for Subnet Mask on page 3-55.)

• Service Type – Packet priority settings based on the following criteria:

- Precedence – IP precedence level. (Range: 0-8)

- TOS – Type of Service level. (Range: 0-16)

- DSCP – DSCP priority level. (Range: 0-64)

• Protocol – Specifies the protocol type to match as TCP, UDP or Others, where others indicates a specific protocol number (0-255). (Options: TCP, UDP, Others; Default: TCP)

• Source/Destination Port – Source/destination port number for the specified protocol type. (Range: 0-65535)

• Control Code – Decimal number (representing a bit string) that specifies flag bits in byte 14 of the TCP header. (Range: 0-63)

• Control Code Bitmask – Decimal number representing the code bits to match. The control bitmask is a decimal number (for an equivalent binary bit mask) that is applied to the control code. Enter a decimal number, where the equivalent binary bit “1” means to match a bit and “0” means to ignore a bit. The following bits may be specified:

-1 (fin) – Finish

- 2 (syn) – Synchronize

- 4 (rst) – Reset

- 8 (psh) – Push

- 16 (ack) – Acknowledgement

- 32 (urg) – Urgent pointer

For example, use the code value and mask below to catch packets with the following flags set:

- SYN flag valid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 2

- Both SYN and ACK valid, use control-code 18, control bitmask 18

- SYN valid and ACK invalid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 18

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Access Control Lists

Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the mask for an address range. Set any other required criteria, such as service type, protocol type, or TCP control code. Then click Add.

Figure 3-35. Configuring Extended ACLs

CLI – This example adds two rules: (1) Accept any incoming packets if the source address is in subnet 10.7.1.x. For

example, if the rule is matched; i.e., the rule (10.7.1.0 & 255.255.255.0) equals the masked address (10.7.1.2 & 255.255.255.0), the packet passes through.

(2) Allow TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 to any destination

address when set for destination TCP port 80 (i.e., HTTP).

(3) Permit all TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 with the TCP control

code set to “SYN.”

Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0 any 4-88 Console(config-ext-acl)#permit tcp 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any

destination-port 80

Console(config-ext-acl)#permit tcp 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any

control-flag 2 2

Console(config-std-acl)#

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Configuring the Switch

Configuring a MAC ACL

Command Attributes

• Action – An ACL can contain all permit rules or all deny rules. (Default: Permit rules)

• Source/Destination Address Type – Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to indicate a specific MAC address, or “MAC” to specify an address range with the Address and Bitmask fields. (Options: Any, Host, MAC; Default: Any)

• Source/Destination MAC Address – Source or destination MAC address.

• Source/Destination Bitmask – Hexidecimal mask for source or destination MAC address.

• VID – VLAN ID. (Range: 1-4094)

• Ethernet Type – This option can only be used to filter Ethernet II formatted packets. (Range: 0-65535)

A detailed listing of Ethernet protocol types can be found in RFC 1060. A few of the more common types include 0800 (IP), 0806 (ARP), 8137 (IPX).

Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or MAC). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address (e.g., 11-22-33-44-55-66). If you select “MAC,” enter a base address and a hexidecimal bitmask for an address range. Set any other required criteria, such as VID or Ethernet type. Then click Add.

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Figure 3-36. Configuring MAC ACLs

Page 95

Access Control Lists

CLI – This rule permits packets from any source MAC address to the destination address 00-e0-29-94-34-de where the Ethernet type is 0800.

Console(config-mac-acl)#permit any host 00-e0-29-94-34-de

ethertype 0800 4-94

Console(config-mac-acl)#

Binding a Port to an Access Control List

After configuring Access Control Lists (ACL), you should bind them to the ports that need to filter traffic. You can assign one IP access list to any port, but you can only assign one MAC access list to all the ports on the switch.

Command Attributes

• Port – Fixed port or SFP module. (Range: 1-26)

• IP – Specifies the IP Access List to enable for a port.

• MAC – Specifies the MAC Access List to enable globally.

Web – Click Security, ACL, Port Binding. Mark the Enabled field for the port you want to bind to an ACL, select the required ACL from the drop-down list, then click Apply.

Figure 3-37. Binding a Port to an ACL

CLI – This example assigns an IP and MAC access list to port 1, and an IP access

list to port 3.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-104 Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in 4-90 Console(config-if)#mac access-group jerry in 4-95 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/3 Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in Console(config-if)#

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Configuring the Switch

Filtering Addresses for Management Access

You create a list of up to 16 IP addresses or IP address groups that are allowed access to the switch through the web interface, SNMP, or Telnet.

Command Usage

• The management interfaces are open to all IP addresses by default. Once you add an entry to a filter list, access to that interface is restricted to the specified addresses.

• If anyone tries to access a management interface on the switch from an invalid address, the switch will reject the connection, enter an event message in the system log, and send a trap message to the trap manager.

• IP address can be configured for SNMP, web and Telnet access respectively. Each of these groups can include up to five different sets of addresses, either individual addresses or address ranges.

• When entering addresses for the same group (i.e., SNMP, web or Telnet), the switch will not accept overlapping address ranges. When entering addresses for different groups, the switch will accept overlapping address ranges.

• You cannot delete an individual address from a specified range. You must delete the entire range, and reenter the addresses.

• You can delete an address range just by specifying the start address, or by specifying both the start address and end address.

Command Attributes

• Web IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the web group.

• SNMP IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the SNMP group.

• Telnet IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the Telnet group.

• IP Filter List – IP address which are allowed management access to this interface.

• Start IP Address – A single IP address, or the starting address of a range.

• End IP Address – The end address of a range.

• Add/Remove Filtering Entry – Adds/removes an IP address from the list.

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Filtering Addresses for Management Access

Web – Click Security, IP Filter. Enter the IP addresses or range of addresses, and click Add IP Filtering Entry to update the filter list.

Figure 3-38. Creating a Web IP Filter List

CLI – This example allows SNMP access for a specific client.

Console(config)#management snmp-client 10.1.2.3 4-28 Console(config)#end Console#show management all-client Management IP Filter HTTP-Client: Start IP address End IP address

-----------------------------------------------

1. 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.254

SNMP-Client: Start IP address End IP address

-----------------------------------------------

1. 10.1.2.3 10.1.2.3

TELNET-Client: Start IP address End IP address

-----------------------------------------------

Console#

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Configuring the Switch

Port Configuration

Displaying Connection Status

You can use the Port Information or Trunk Information pages to display the current connection status, including link state, speed/duplex mode, flow control, and auto-negotiation.

Field Attributes (Web)

• Name – Interface label.

• Type – Indicates the port type. (100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, or SFP)

• Admin Status – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled.

• Oper Status – Indicates if the link is Up or Down.

• Speed Duplex Status – Shows the current speed and duplex mode. (Auto, or fixed choice)

• Flow Control Status – Indicates the type of flow control currently in use. (IEEE 802.3x, Back-Pressure or None)

• Autonegotiation – Shows if auto-negotiation is enabled or disabled.

• Trunk Member

• Creation

1: Port Information only. 2: Trunk Information only.

Web – Click Port, Port Information or Trunk Information.

– Shows if port is a trunk member.

– Shows if a trunk is manually configured or dynamically set via LACP.

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Figure 3-39. Displaying Port/Trunk Information

Page 99

Port Configuration

Field Attributes (CLI)

Basic Information:

• Port type – Indicates the port type. (100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, or SFP)

• MAC address – The physical layer address for this port. (To access this item on

the web, see “Setting the Switch’s IP Address” on page 3-12.)

Configuration:

• Name – Interface label.

• Port admin – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled (i.e., up or down).

•

Speed-duplex

• Capabilities – Specifies the capabilities to be advertised for a port during

auto-negotiation. (To access this item on the web, see “Configuring Interface Connections” on page 3-48.) The following capabilities are supported.

- 10half - Supports 10 Mbps half-duplex operation

- 10full - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation

- 100half - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation

- 100full - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation

- 1000full - Supports 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation

- Sym - Transmits and receives pause frames for flow control

- FC - Supports flow control

• Broadcast storm – Shows if broadcast storm control is enabled or disabled.

• Broadcast storm limit – Shows the broadcast storm threshold.

(64-95232000 octets per second)

• Flow control – Shows if flow control is enabled or disabled.

• LACP – Shows if LACP is enabled or disabled.

• Port Security – Shows if port security is enabled or disabled.

• Max MAC count – Shows the maximum number of MAC address that can be

learned by a port. (0 - 1024 addresses)

• Port security action – Shows the response to take when a security violation is

detected. (shutdown, trap, trap-and-shutdown, or none)

Current Status:

• Link Status – Indicates if the link is up or down.

• Port Operation Status – Provides detailed information on port state.

(Displayed only when the link is up.)

• Operation speed-duplex – Shows the current speed and duplex mode.

• Flow control type – Indicates the type of flow control currently in use.

(IEEE 802.3x, Back-Pressure or none)

– Shows the current speed and duplex mode. (Auto, or fixed choice)

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Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example shows the connection status for Port 5.

Console#show interfaces status ethernet 1/5 4-111 Information of Eth 1/5 Basic information: Port type: 100TX Mac address: 00-30-f1-47-58-46 Configuration: Name: Port admin: Up Speed-duplex: Auto Capabilities: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full Broadcast storm: Enabled Broadcast storm limit: 32000 octets/second Flow control: Disabled Lacp: Disabled Port security: Disabled Max MAC count: 0 Port security action: None Current status: Link status: Down Operation speed-duplex: 100full Flow control type: None Console#

Configuring Interface Connections

You can use the Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration page to enable/disable an interface, set auto-negotiation and the interface capabilities to advertise, or manually fix the speed, duplex mode, and flow control.

Command Attributes

• Name – Allows you to label an interface. (Range: 1-64 characters)

• Admin – Allows you to manually disable an interface. You can disable an interface due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then reenable it after the problem has been resolved. You may also disable an interface for security reasons.

• Speed/Duplex – Allows you to manually set the port speed and duplex mode.

• Flow Control – Allows automatic or manual selection of flow control.

• Autonegotiation (Port Capabilities) – Allows auto-negotiation to be enabled/ disabled. When auto-negotiation is enabled, you need to specify the capabilities to be advertised. When auto-negotiation is disabled, you can force the settings for speed, mode, and flow control.The following capabilities are supported.

- 10half - Supports 10 Mbps half-duplex operation

- 10full - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation

- 100half - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation

- 100full - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation

- 1000full - Supports 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation

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