From SMC’s Tiger line of feature-rich workgroup LAN solutions
38 Tesla
Irvine, CA 92618
Phone: (949) 679-8000
July 2004
Pub. # 150000013500H
Page 4
Information furnished by SMC Networks, Inc. (SMC) is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by SMC for its use, nor for any infringements of
patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by
implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SMC. SMC reserves the right to
change specifications at any time without notice.
SMC is a registered trademark; and TigerStack and TigerSwitch are trademarks of SMC
Networks, Inc. Other product and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks
of their respective holders.
Page 5
L
IMITED
Limited Warranty Statement: SMC Networks, Inc. (“SMC”) warrants its products to be
free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and service, for the
applicable warranty term. All SMC products carry a standard 90-day limited warranty from
the date of purchase from SMC or its Authorized Reseller. SMC may, at its own discretion,
repair or replace any product not operating as warranted with a similar or functionally
equivalent product, during the applicable warranty term. SMC will endeavor to repair or
replace any product returned under warranty within 30 days of receipt of the product.
The standard limited warranty can be upgraded to a Limited Lifetime* warranty by registering
new products within 30 days of purchase from SMC or its Authorized Reseller. Registration
can be accomplished via the enclosed product registration card or online via the SMC Web
site. Failure to register will not affect the standard limited warranty. The Limited Lifetime
warranty covers a product during the Life of that Product, which is defined as the period of
time during which the product is an “Active” SMC product. A product is considered to be
“Active” while it is listed on the current SMC price list. As new technologies emerge, older
technologies become obsolete and SMC will, at its discretion, replace an older product in its
product line with one that incorporates these newer technologies. At that point, the obsolete
product is discontinued and is no longer an “Active” SMC product. A list of discontinued
products with their respective dates of discontinuance can be found at:
http://www.smc.com/index.cfm?action=customer_service_warranty.
All products that are replaced become the property of SMC. Replacement products may be
either new or reconditioned. Any replaced or repaired product carries either a 30-day limited
warranty or the remainder of the initial warranty, whichever is longer. SMC is not responsible
for any custom software or firmware, configuration information, or memory data of
Customer contained in, stored on, or integrated with any products returned to SMC pursuant
to any warranty. Products returned to SMC should have any customer-installed accessory or
add-on components, such as expansion modules, removed prior to returning the product for
replacement. SMC is not responsible for these items if they are returned with the product.
Customers must contact SMC for a Return Material Authorization number prior to returning
any product to SMC. Proof of purchase may be required. Any product returned to SMC
without a valid Return Material Authorization (RMA) number clearly marked on the outside
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North America, please call our toll-free customer support number at (800) 762-4968.
Customers are responsible for all shipping charges from their facility to SMC. SMC is
responsible for return shipping charges from SMC to customer.
W
ARRANTY
i
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WARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE: IF AN SMC PRODUCT DOES NOT OPERATE AS
WARRANTED ABOVE, CUSTOMER’S SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR
REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT IN QUESTION, AT SMC’S OPTION. THE
FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN
LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
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INCLUDING WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SMC NEITHER ASSUMES NOR
AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER
LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION,
MAINTENANCE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS. SMC SHALL NOT BE LIABLE
UNDER THIS WARRANTY IF ITS TESTING AND EXAMINATION DISCLOSE THE
ALLEGED DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT DOES NOT EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY
CUSTOMER’S OR ANY THIRD PERSON’S MISUSE, NEGLECT, IMPROPER
INSTALLATION OR TESTING, UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS TO REPAIR, OR
ANY OTHER CAUSE BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED USE, OR BY
ACCIDENT, FIRE, LIGHTNING, OR OTHER HAZARD.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: IN NO EVENT, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), SHALL SMC BE LIABLE FOR
INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE
DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, OR FOR LOSS OF REVENUE, LOSS OF BUSINESS, OR
OTHER FINANCIAL LOSS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SALE, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, USE, PERFORMANCE, FAILURE, OR
INTERRUPTION OF ITS PRODUCTS, EVEN IF SMC OR ITS AUTHORIZED
RESELLER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OR THE LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR
CONSUMER PRODUCTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL
RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. NOTHING IN THIS
WARRANTY SHALL BE TAKEN TO AFFECT YOUR STATUTORY RIGHTS.
* SMC will provide warranty service for one year following discontinuance from the active
SMC price list. Under the limited lifetime warranty, internal and external power supplies, fans,
and cables are covered by a standard one-year warranty from date of purchase.
SMC Networks, Inc.
38 Tesla
Irvine, CA 92618
ii
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Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1
Key Features 1-1
Description of Software Features 1-2
System Defaults 1-5
Setting Static Addresses 3-86
Displaying the Address Table 3-87
Changing the Aging Time 3-89
Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuration 3-89
Displaying Global Settings 3-90
Configuring Global Settings 3-93
Displaying Interface Settings 3-96
Configuring Interface Settings 3-99
VLAN Configuration 3-101
IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 3-101
Enabling or Disabling GVRP (Global Setting) 3-104
Displaying Basic VLAN Information 3-104
Displaying Current VLANs 3-105
Creating VLANs 3-107
Adding Static Members to VLANs (VLAN Index) 3-108
Adding Static Members to VLANs (Port Index) 3-110
Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces 3-111
Private VLANs 3-113
Displaying Current Private VLANs 3-114
Configuring Private VLANs 3-115
Associating Community VLANs 3-116
Displaying Private VLAN Interface Information 3-117
Configuring Private VLAN Interfaces 3-118
Class of Service Configuration 3-120
Layer 2 Queue Settings 3-120
Setting the Default Priority for Interfaces 3-120
Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues 3-122
Selecting the Queue Mode 3-123
Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes 3-124
Layer 3/4 Priority Settings 3-126
Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values 3-126
Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority 3-126
Mapping IP Precedence 3-127
Mapping DSCP Priority 3-128
Mapping IP Port Priority 3-130
Mapping CoS Values to ACLs 3-131
Multicast Filtering 3-132
Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query) 3-133
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Contents
Configuring IGMP Snooping and Query Parameters 3-133
Displaying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router 3-135
Specifying Static Interfaces for a Multicast Router 3-136
Displaying Port Members of Multicast Services 3-137
Assigning Ports to Multicast Services 3-138
Chapter 4: Command Line Interface 4-1
Using the Command Line Interface 4-1
Accessing the CLI 4-1
Console Connection 4-1
Telnet Connection 4-1
Entering Commands 4-3
Keywords and Arguments 4-3
Minimum Abbreviation 4-3
Command Completion 4-3
Getting Help on Commands 4-3
Showing Commands 4-4
Partial Keyword Lookup 4-5
Negating the Effect of Commands 4-5
Using Command History 4-5
Understanding Command Modes 4-5
Exec Commands 4-6
Configuration Commands 4-6
Command Line Processing 4-8
Command Groups 4-9
Line Commands 4-10
line 4-10
login 4-11
password 4-12
timeout login response 4-13
exec-timeout 4-13
password-thresh 4-14
silent-time 4-15
databits 4-15
parity 4-16
speed 4-17
stopbits 4-17
disconnect 4-18
show line 4-18
General Commands 4-19
enable 4-19
disable 4-20
configure 4-21
show history 4-21
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Contents
reload 4-22
end 4-22
exit 4-23
quit 4-23
System Management Commands 4-24
Device Designation Commands 4-24
prompt 4-24
hostname 4-25
User Access Commands 4-25
username 4-26
enable password 4-27
IP Filter Commands 4-28
management 4-28
show management 4-29
Web Server Commands 4-30
ip http port 4-30
ip http server 4-30
ip http secure-server 4-31
ip http secure-port 4-32
Telnet Server Commands 4-33
ip telnet port 4-33
ip telnet server 4-33
Secure Shell Commands 4-34
ip ssh server 4-36
ip ssh timeout 4-37
ip ssh authentication-retries 4-37
ip ssh server-key size 4-38
delete public-key 4-38
ip ssh crypto host-key generate 4-39
ip ssh crypto zeroize 4-39
ip ssh save host-key 4-40
show ip ssh 4-40
show ssh 4-41
show public-key 4-42
Event Logging Commands 4-43
logging on 4-43
logging history 4-44
logging host 4-45
logging facility 4-45
logging trap 4-46
clear logging 4-46
show log 4-47
show logging 4-48
Time Commands 4-49
sntp client 4-50
v
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Contents
sntp server 4-51
sntp poll 4-51
show sntp 4-52
clock timezone 4-52
calendar set 4-53
show calendar 4-53
System Status Commands 4-54
light unit 4-54
show startup-config 4-55
show running-config 4-56
show system 4-58
show users 4-58
show version 4-59
Frame Size Commands 4-60
jumbo frame 4-60
Flash/File Commands 4-61
copy 4-61
delete 4-64
dir 4-64
whichboot 4-65
boot system 4-66
Authentication Commands 4-67
Authentication Sequence 4-67
authentication login 4-67
authentication enable 4-68
RADIUS Client 4-69
radius-server host 4-69
radius-server port 4-70
radius-server key 4-71
radius-server retransmit 4-71
radius-server timeout 4-72
show radius-server 4-72
TACACS+ Client 4-73
tacacs-server host 4-73
tacacs-server port 4-73
tacacs-server key 4-74
show tacacs-server 4-74
Port Security Commands 4-75
access-list ip 4-86
permit, deny (Standard ACL) 4-87
permit, deny (Extended ACL) 4-88
show ip access-list 4-90
ip access-group 4-90
show ip access-group 4-91
map access-list ip 4-91
show map access-list ip 4-92
MAC ACLs 4-93
access-list mac 4-93
permit, deny (MAC ACL) 4-94
show mac access-list 4-95
mac access-group 4-95
show mac access-group 4-96
map access-list mac 4-96
show map access-list mac 4-97
ACL Information 4-98
show access-list 4-98
show access-group 4-98
SNMP Commands 4-99
snmp-server community 4-99
snmp-server contact 4-100
snmp-server location 4-100
snmp-server host 4-101
snmp-server enable traps 4-102
show snmp 4-102
bridge-ext gvrp 4-159
show bridge-ext 4-160
switchport gvrp 4-160
show gvrp configuration 4-161
garp timer 4-161
show garp timer 4-162
Priority Commands 4-163
Priority Commands (Layer 2) 4-163
queue mode 4-164
queue bandwidth 4-164
switchport priority default 4-165
queue cos-map 4-166
show queue mode 4-167
show queue bandwidth 4-167
show queue cos-map 4-168
Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) 4-169
map ip port (Global Configuration) 4-169
map ip port (Interface Configuration) 4-170
map ip precedence (Global Configuration) 4-170
map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) 4-171
map ip dscp (Global Configuration) 4-172
map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) 4-172
show map ip port 4-173
show map ip precedence 4-174
show map ip dscp 4-175
Multicast Filtering Commands 4-176
IGMP Snooping Commands 4-176
ip igmp snooping 4-177
ip igmp snooping vlan static 4-177
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Contents
ip igmp snooping version 4-178
show ip igmp snooping 4-178
show mac-address-table multicast 4-179
IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2) 4-180
ip igmp snooping querier 4-180
ip igmp snooping query-count 4-180
ip igmp snooping query-interval 4-181
ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time 4-182
ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time 4-182
Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-183
ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter 4-183
show ip igmp snooping mrouter 4-184
IP Interface Commands 4-185
ip address 4-185
ip dhcp restart 4-186
ip default-gateway 4-187
show ip interface 4-187
show ip redirects 4-188
ping 4-188
Appendix A: Software Specifications A-1
Software Features A-1
Management Features A-2
Standards A-2
Management Information Bases A-3
Appendix B: Troubleshooting B-1
Problems Accessing the Management Interface B-1
Using System Logs B-2
Figure 3-1.Home Page 3-2
Figure 3-2.Front Panel Indicators 3-3
Figure 3-3.Displaying System Information 3-8
Figure 3-4.Displaying Switch Information 3-10
Figure 3-5.Displaying Bridge Extension Configuration 3-11
Figure 3-6.IP Configuration 3-13
Figure 3-7.IP Configuration using DHCP 3-14
Figure 3-8.Operation Code Image File Transfer 3-16
Figure 3-9.Select Start-Up Operation File 3-16
Figure 3-10. Deleting Files 3-17
Figure 3-11. Copy Configuration Settings 3-18
Figure 3-12. Setting the Startup Configuration Settings 3-19
Figure 3-13. Console Port Settings 3-20
Figure 3-14. Enabling Telnet 3-22
Figure 3-15. Configuring System Logging Messages 3-24
Figure 3-16. Enabling Remote Logging and Adding Host IP Addresses 3-25
Figure 3-17. Displaying System Logs 3-26
Figure 3-18. Resetting the System 3-27
Figure 3-19. Configuring SNTP 3-28
Figure 3-20. Setting the System Clock 3-29
Figure 3-21. Configuring SNMP 3-30
Figure 3-22. Configuring IP Trap Managers 3-31
Figure 3-23. Access Levels 3-33
Figure 3-24. Authentication Settings 3-36
Figure 3-25. HTTPS Settings 3-38
Figure 3-26. SSH Host-Key Settings 3-42
Figure 3-27. SSH Server Settings 3-43
Figure 3-28. Configuring Port Security 3-45
Figure 3-29. 802.1X Information 3-47
Figure 3-30. 802.1X Configuration 3-48
Figure 3-31. 802.1x Port Configuration 3-49
Figure 3-32. Displaying 802.1x Port Statistics 3-52
Figure 3-33. Selecting ACL Type 3-54
Figure 3-34. Configuring Standard ACLs 3-55
Figure 3-35. Configuring Extended ACLs 3-57
Figure 3-36. Configuring MAC ACLs 3-58
Figure 3-37. Binding a Port to an ACL 3-59
Figure 3-38. Creating a Web IP Filter List 3-61
Figure 3-39. Displaying Port/Trunk Information 3-62
Figure 3-40. Port/Trunk Configuration 3-65
Figure 3-41. Configuring Port Trunks 3-67
Figure 3-42. LACP Configuration 3-69
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Figures
Figure 3-43. LACP Port Configuration 3-71
Figure 3-44. Displaying LACP Port Counters 3-73
Figure 3-45. Displaying LACP Port Internal Information 3-75
Figure 3-46. Displaying LACP Port Neighbors Information 3-76
Figure 3-47. Enabling Port Broadcast Control 3-78
Figure 3-48. Mirror Port Configuration 3-79
Figure 3-49. Rate Limit Granularity Configuration 3-80
Figure 3-50. Output Rate Limit Port Configuration 3-81
Figure 3-51. Port Statistics 3-85
Figure 3-52. Configuring a Static Address Table 3-87
Figure 3-53. Configuring a Dynamic Address Table 3-88
Figure 3-54. Setting the Address Aging Time 3-89
Figure 3-55. Displaying Spanning Tree Information 3-92
Figure 3-56. Configuring Spanning Tree 3-95
Figure 3-57. BPDU Transmission 3-97
Figure 3-58. Displaying Spanning Tree Information 3-98
Figure 3-59. Configuring Spanning Tree per Port 3-100
Figure 3-60. Enabling GVRP 3-104
Figure 3-61. Displaying Basic VLAN Information 3-104
Figure 3-62. Displaying Current VLANs 3-106
Figure 3-63. Configuring a VLAN Static List 3-108
Figure 3-64. Configuring a VLAN Static Table 3-109
Figure 3-65. VLAN Static Membership by Port 3-110
Figure 3-66. Configuring VLANs per Port 3-112
Figure 3-67. Private VLAN Information 3-114
Figure 3-68. Configuring Private VLANs 3-116
Figure 3-69. Private VLAN Association 3-117
Figure 3-70. Displaying Private VLAN Port Information 3-118
Figure 3-71. Private VLAN Port Configuration 3-119
Figure 3-72. Port Priority Configuration 3-121
Figure 3-73. Traffic Classes 3-123
Figure 3-74. Selecting the Queue Mode 3-124
Figure 3-75. Configuring Interfaces for Queue Scheduling 3-125
Figure 3-76. IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status 3-126
Figure 3-77. Selecting IP Precedence Priority 3-127
Figure 3-78. Mapping IP DSCP Priority Values 3-129
Figure 3-79. Enabling IP Port Priority Status 3-130
Figure 3-80. Mapping IP Port Priority to Interfaces 3-130
Figure 3-81. ACL CoS Priority 3-132
Figure 3-82. IGMP Configuration 3-134
Figure 3-83. Displaying Multicast Router Port Information 3-135
Figure 3-84. Static Multicast Router Port Configuration 3-136
Figure 3-85. IP Multicast Registration Table 3-137
Figure 3-86. IGMP Member Port Table 3-138
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Chapter 1: Introduction
This switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching. It includes a
management agent that allows you to configure the features listed in this manual.
The default configuration can be used for most of the features provided by this
switch. However, there are many options that you should configure to maximize the
switch’s performance for your particular network environment.
Key Features
Table 1-1. Key Features
FeatureDescription
Configuration Backup
and Restore
AuthenticationConsole, Telnet, web – User name / password, RADIUS, TACACS+
Access Control ListsSupports up to 88 IP or MAC ACLs
DHCP ClientSupported
Port ConfigurationSpeed, duplex mode and flow control
Rate LimitingInput and output rate limiting per port
Port MirroringOne port mirrored to a single analysis port
Port TrunkingSupports up to 4 trunks using either static or dynamic trunking (LACP)
Broadcast Storm
Control
Static AddressUp to 8K MAC addresses in the forwarding table
IEEE 802.1D BridgeSupports dynamic data switching and addresses learning
Store-and-Forward
Switching
Spanning Tree Protocol Supports standard STP and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
Virtual LANsUp to 255 using IEEE 802.1Q, port-based, or private VLANs
Traffic PrioritizationDefault port priority, traffic class map, queue scheduling, IP Precedence, or
Multicast FilteringSupports IGMP snooping and query
Backup to TFTP server
Web – HTTPS; Telnet – SSH
SNMP – Community strings
Port – IEEE 802.1x, MAC address filtering
Supported
Supported to ensure wire-speed switching while eliminating bad frames
Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), and TCP/UDP Port
1-1
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Introduction
1
Description of Software Features
The switch provides a wide range of advanced performance enhancing features.
Flow control eliminates the loss of packets due to bottlenecks caused by port
saturation. Broadcast storm suppression prevents broadcast traffic storms from
engulfing the network. Port-based and protocol-based VLANs, plus support for
automatic GVRP VLAN registration provide traffic security and efficient use of
network bandwidth. CoS priority queueing ensures the minimum delay for moving
real-time multimedia data across the network. While multicast filtering provides
support for real-time network applications. Some of the management features are
briefly described below.
Configuration Backup and Restore – You can save the current configuration
settings to a file on a TFTP server, and later download this file to restore the switch
configuration settings.
Authentication – This switch authenticates management access via the console
port, Telnet or web browser. User names and passwords can be configured locally or
can be verified via a remote authentication server (i.e., RADIUS or TACACS+).
Port-based authentication is also supported via the IEEE 802.1x protocol. This
protocol uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to request
user credentials from the 802.1x client, and then verifies the client’s right to access
the network via an authentication server.
Other authentication options include HTTPS for secure management access via the
web, SSH for secure management access over a Telnet-equivalent connection, IP
address filtering for SNMP/web/Telnet management access, and MAC address
filtering for port access.
Access Control Lists – ACLs provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on
address, protocol, TCP/UDP port number or TCP control code) or any frames
(based on MAC address or Ethernet type). ACLs can be used to improve
performance by blocking unnecessary network traffic or to implement security
controls by restricting access to specific network resources or protocols.
Port Configuration – You can manually configure the speed, duplex mode, and
flow control used on specific ports, or use auto-negotiation to detect the connection
settings used by the attached device. Use the full-duplex mode on ports whenever
possible to double the throughput of switch connections. Flow control should also be
enabled to control network traffic during periods of congestion and prevent the loss
of packets when port buffer thresholds are exceeded. The switch supports flow
control based on the IEEE 802.3x standard.
Rate Limiting – This feature controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or
received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a
network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is
transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped.
1-2
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Description of Software Features
Port Mirroring – The switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a
monitor port. You can then attach a protocol analyzer or RMON probe to this port to
perform traffic analysis and verify connection integrity.
Port Trunking – Ports can be combined into an aggregate connection. Trunks can
be manually set up or dynamically configured using IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation
Control Protocol (LACP). The additional ports dramatically increase the throughput
across any connection, and provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in
the trunk should fail. The switch supports up to four trunks.
Broadcast Storm Control – Broadcast suppression prevents broadcast traffic from
overwhelming the network. When enabled on a port, the level of broadcast traffic
passing through the port is restricted. If broadcast traffic rises above a pre-defined
threshold, it will be throttled until the level falls back beneath the threshold.
Static Addresses – A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this
switch. Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved.
When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and
will not be written to the address table. Static addresses can be used to provide
network security by restricting access for a known host to a specific port.
IEEE 802.1D Bridge – The switch supports IEEE 802.1D transparent bridging. The
address table facilitates data switching by learning addresses, and then filtering or
forwarding traffic based on this information. The address table supports up to 8K
addresses.
Store-and-Forward Switching – The switch copies each frame into its memory
before forwarding them to another port. This ensures that all frames are a standard
Ethernet size and have been verified for accuracy with the cyclic redundancy check
(CRC). This prevents bad frames from entering the network and wasting bandwidth.
To avoid dropping frames on congested ports, the switch provides 500 KB for frame
buffering. This buffer can queue packets awaiting transmission on congested
networks.
Spanning Tree Protocol – The switch supports these spanning tree protocols:
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, IEEE 802.1D) – This protocol adds a level of fault
tolerance by allowing two or more redundant connections to be created between a
pair of LAN segments. When there are multiple physical paths between segments,
this protocol will choose a single path and disable all others to ensure that only one
route exists between any two stations on the network. This prevents the creation of
network loops. However, if the chosen path should fail for any reason, an alternate
path will be activated to maintain the connection.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w) – This protocol reduces the
convergence time for network topology changes to about 10% of that required by the
older IEEE 802.1D STP standard. It is intended as a complete replacement for STP,
but can still interoperate with switches running the older standard by automatically
reconfiguring ports to STP-compliant mode if they detect STP protocol messages
from attached devices.
1
1-3
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Introduction
1
Virtual LANs – The switch supports up to 255 VLANs. A Virtual LAN is a collection
of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical
location or connection point in the network. The switch supports tagged VLANs
based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. Members of VLAN groups can be dynamically
learned via GVRP, or ports can be manually assigned to a specific set of VLANs.
This allows the switch to restrict traffic to the VLAN groups to which a user has been
assigned. By segmenting your network into VLANs, you can:
• Eliminate broadcast storms which severely degrade performance in a flat network.
• Simplify network management for node changes/moves by remotely configuring
VLAN membership for any port, rather than having to manually change the network
connection.
• Provide data security by restricting all traffic to the originating VLAN.
• Use private VLANs to restrict traffic to pass only between data ports and the uplink
ports, thereby isolating adjacent ports within the same VLAN, and allowing you to
limit the total number of VLANs that need to be configured.
Traffic Prioritization – This switch prioritizes each packet based on the required
level of service, using four priority queues with strict or Weighted Round Robin
Queuing. It uses IEEE 802.1p and 802.1Q tags to prioritize incoming traffic based on
input from the end-station application. These functions can
independent priorities for delay-sensitive data and best-effort data.
This switch also supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to
meet application requirements. Traffic can be prioritized based on the priority bits in
the IP frame’s Type of Service (ToS) octet or the number of the TCP/UDP port.
When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service
value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue.
Multicast Filtering – Specific multicast traffic can be assigned to its own VLAN to
ensure that it does not interfere with normal network traffic and to guarantee
real-time delivery by setting the required priority level for the designated VLAN. The
switch uses IGMP Snooping and Query to manage multicast group registration.
be used to provide
1-4
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System Defaults
1
System Defaults
The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file
“Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as
the startup configuration file (page 3-19).
The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.
10 Mbps half duplex
10 Mbps full duplex
100 Mbps half duplex
100 Mbps full duplex
Full-duplex flow control disabled
Symmetric flow control disabled
100 Mbps full duplex
Full duplex flow control disabled
Symmetric flow control disabled
1000BASE-T/SX/LX/LH –
1000 Mbps full duplex
Full-duplex flow control disabled
Symmetric flow control disabled
(Defaults: All values based on IEEE 802.1w)
1-6
Page 27
Table 1-2. System Defaults (Continued)
FunctionParameterDefault
Traffic PrioritizationIngress Port Priority0
Weighted Round RobinQueue: 0 1 2 3
Weight: 1 2 4 6
IP Precedence PriorityDisabled
IP DSCP PriorityDisabled
IP Port PriorityDisabled
IP SettingsIP Address0.0.0.0
Subnet Mask255.0.0.0
Default Gateway0.0.0.0
DHCPClient: Enabled
BOOTPDisabled
Multicast FilteringIGMP SnoopingSnooping: Enabled
Querier: Enabled
System LogStatusEnabled
Messages LoggedLevels 0-7 (all)
Messages Logged to FlashLevels 0-6
SNTP Clock SynchronizationDisabled
System Defaults
1
1-7
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1
Introduction
1-8
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Chapter 2: Initial Configuration
Connecting to the Switch
Configuration Options
The switch includes a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety
of management options, including SNMP, RMON and a Web-based interface. A PC
may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a
command line interface (CLI).
Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To change this
address, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.
The switch’s HTTP Web agent allows you to configure switch parameters, monitor
port connections, and display statistics using a standard Web browser such as
Netscape Navigator version 6.2 and higher or Microsoft IE version 5.0 and higher.
The switch’s Web management interface can be accessed from any computer
attached to the network.
The CLI program can be accessed by a direct connection to the RS-232 serial
console port on the switch, or remotely by a Telnet connection over the network.
The switch’s management agent also supports SNMP (Simple Network
Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to be managed from
any system in the network using network management software such as
HP OpenView.
The switch’s Web interface, CLI configuration program, and SNMP agent allow you
to perform the following management functions:
• Set user names and passwords for up to 16 users
• Set an IP interface for a management VLAN
• Configure SNMP parameters
• Enable/disable any port
• Set the speed/duplex mode for any port
• Configure the bandwidth of any port by limiting input or output rates
• Control port access through IEEE 802.1x security or static address filtering
• Filter packets using Access Control Lists (ACLs)
• Configure up to 255 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs
• Enable GVRP automatic VLAN registration
• Configure IGMP multicast filtering
• Upload and download system firmware via TFTP
• Upload and download switch configuration files via TFTP
• Configure Spanning Tree parameters
• Configure Class of Service (CoS) priority queuing
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Initial Configuration
2
• Configure up to 4 static or LACP trunks
• Enable port mirroring
• Set broadcast storm control on any port
• Display system information and statistics
Required Connections
The switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a PC or
terminal for monitoring and configuring the switch. A null-modem console cable is
provided with the switch.
Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program
to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a
null-modem cable that complies with the wiring assignments shown in the
Installation Guide.
To connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps:
1.Connect the console cable to the serial port on a terminal, or a PC running
terminal emulation software, and tighten the captive retaining screws on the
DB-9 connector.
2.Connect the other end of the cable to the RS-232 serial port on the switch.
3.Make sure the terminal emulation software is set as follows:
• Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2).
• Set the baud rate to 9600 bps.
• Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.
• Set flow control to none.
• Set the emulation mode to VT100.
• When using HyperTerminal, select Terminal keys, not Windows keys.
Notes: 1. When using HyperTerminal with Microsoft® Windows® 2000, make sure that
For a description of how to use the CLI, see “Using the Command Line Interface” on
page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the
CLI, refer to “Command Groups” on page 4-9.
you have Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later installed. Windows 2000
Service Pack 2 fixes the problem of arrow keys not functioning in
HyperTerminal’s VT100 emulation. See www.microsoft.com for information
on Windows 2000 service packs.
2. Refer to “Line Commands” on page 4-10 for a complete description of
console configuration options.
3. Once you have set up the terminal correctly, the console login screen will be
displayed.
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Basic Configuration
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Remote Connections
Prior to accessing the switch’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must
first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a
console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol.
The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To manually
configure this address or enable dynamic address assignment via DHCP or BOOTP,
see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.
Note: This switch supports four concurrent Telnet/SSH sessions.
After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the onboard
configuration program from anywhere within the attached network. The onboard
configuration program can be accessed using Telnet from any computer attached to
the network. The switch can also be managed by any computer using a web
browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above), or
from a network computer using SNMP network management software.
Note: The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration functions. To
access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use
SNMP-based network management software.
Basic Configuration
Console Connection
The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level
(Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands
available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the
Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic
utilities. To fully configure the switch parameters, you must access the CLI at the
Privileged Exec level.
Access to both CLI levels are controlled by user names and passwords. The switch
has a default user name and password for each level. To log into the CLI at the
Privileged Exec level using the default user name and password, perform these
steps:
1.To initiate your console connection, press <Enter>. The “User Access
Verification” procedure starts.
2.At the Username prompt, enter “admin.”
3.At the Password prompt, also enter “admin.” (The password characters are not
displayed on the console screen.)
4.The session is opened and the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt indicating
you have access at the Privileged Exec level.
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Setting Passwords
Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should define new
passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, record
them and put them in a safe place.
Passwords can consist of up to 8 alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive.
To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows:
1.Open the console interface with the default user name and password “admin” to
access the Privileged Exec level.
2.Type “configure” and press <Enter>.
3.Type “username guest password 0 password,” for the Normal Exec level, where
password is your new password. Press <Enter>.
4.Type “username admin password 0 password,” for the Privileged Exec level,
where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.
Note: ‘0’ specifies the password in plain text, ‘7’ specifies the password in encrypted
form.
Username: admin
Password:
CLI session with the SMC6716AL2 is opened.
To end the CLI session, enter [Exit].
You must establish IP address information for the switch to obtain management
access through the network. This can be done in either of the following ways:
Manual — You have to input the information, including IP address and subnet mask.
If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the switch, you will also
need to specify the default gateway router.
Dynamic — The switch sends IP configuration requests to BOOTP or DHCP
address allocation servers on the network.
Manual Configuration
You can manually assign an IP address to the switch. You may also need to specify
a default gateway that resides between this device and management stations that
exist on another network segment. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal
numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be
accepted by the CLI program.
Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default.
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Basic Configuration
Before you can assign an IP address to the switch, you must obtain the following
information from your network administrator:
• IP address for the switch
• Default gateway for the network
• Network mask for this network
To assign an IP address to the switch, complete the following steps:
1.From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type
“interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.
2.Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP
address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press <Enter>.
3.Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode prompt. Press <Enter>.
4.To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch
belongs, type “ip default-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address
of the default gateway. Press <Enter>.
If you select the “bootp” or “dhcp” option, IP will be enabled but will not function until
a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been received. You therefore need to use the “ip dhcp
restart” command to start broadcasting service requests. Requests will be sent
periodically in an effort to obtain IP configuration information. (BOOTP and DHCP
values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)
If the “bootp” or “dhcp” option is saved to the startup-config file (step 6), then the
switch will start broadcasting service requests as soon as it is powered on.
To automatically configure the switch by communicating with BOOTP or DHCP
address allocation servers on the network, complete the following steps:
1.From the Global Configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access
the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.
2.At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following commands:
• To obtain IP settings via DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press <Enter>.
• To obtain IP settings via BOOTP, type “ip address bootp” and press <Enter>.
3.Type “end” to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Press <Enter>.
4.Type “ip dhcp restart” to begin broadcasting service requests. Press <Enter>.
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5.Wait a few minutes, and then check the IP configuration settings by typing the
“show ip interface” command. Press <Enter>.
6.Then save your configuration changes by typing “copy running-config
startup-config.” Enter the startup file name and press <Enter>.
Console(config)#interface vlan 1
Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp
Console(config-if)#end
Console#ip dhcp restart
Console#show ip interface
IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1,
and address mode: User specified.
Console#copy running-config startup-config
Startup configuration file name []: startup
\Write to FLASH Programming.
\Write to FLASH finish.
Success.
Enabling SNMP Management Access
The switch can be configured to accept management commands from Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications such as HP OpenView. You
can configure the switch to (1) respond to SNMP requests or (2) generate SNMP
traps.
When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return
information or to set a parameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets the
specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to
SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap
messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred.
Community Strings
Community strings are used to control management access to SNMP stations, as
well as to authorize SNMP stations to receive trap messages from the switch. You
therefore need to assign community strings to specified users or user groups, and
set the access level.
The default strings are:
• public - with read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to
retrieve MIB objects.
• private - with read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both
retrieve and modify MIB objects.
Note: If you do not intend to utilize SNMP, we recommend that you delete both of the
default community strings. If there are no community strings, then SNMP
management access to the switch is disabled.
To prevent unauthorized access to the switch via SNMP, it is recommended that you
change the default community strings.
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Basic Configuration
To configure a community string, complete the following steps:
1.From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type
“snmp-server community string mode,” where “string” is the community access
string and “mode” is rw (read/write) or ro (read only). Press <Enter>. (Note that
the default mode is read only.)
2.To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community string,”
where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press <Enter>.
Console(config)#snmp-server community admin rw
Console(config)#snmp-server community private
Console(config)#
Trap Receivers
You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch.
To configure a trap receiver, complete the following steps:
1.From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type
“snmp-server host host-address community-string,” where “host-address” is the
IP address for the trap receiver and “community-string” is the string associated
with that host. Press <Enter>.
2.In order to configure the switch to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at
least one snmp-server enable traps command. Type “snmp-server enable traps
type,” where “type” is either authentication or link-up-down. Press <Enter>.
Configuration commands only modify the running configuration file and are not
saved when the switch is rebooted. To save all your configuration changes in
nonvolatile storage, you must copy the running configuration file to the start-up
configuration file using the “copy” command.
To save the current configuration settings, enter the following command:
1.From the Privileged Exec mode prompt, type “copy running-config
startup-config” and press <Enter>.
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2.Enter the name of the start-up file. Press <Enter>.
Console#copy running-config startup-config
Startup configuration file name []: startup
\Write to FLASH Programming.
\Write to FLASH finish.
Success.
Console#
Managing System Files
The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed
by the CLI program, Web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to
be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file.
The three types of files are:
• Configuration — This file stores system configuration information and is created
when configuration settings are saved. Saved configuration files can be selected
as a system start-up file or can be uploaded via TFTP to a server for backup. A file
named “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” contains all the system default settings and
cannot be deleted from the system. See “Saving or Restoring Configuration
Settings” on page 3-17 for more information.
• Operation Code — System software that is executed after boot-up, also known as
run-time code. This code runs the switch operations and provides the CLI and Web
management interfaces. See “Managing Firmware” on page 3-15 for more
information.
• Diagnostic Code — Software that is run during system boot-up, also known as
POST (Power On Self-Test).
Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation
code files. However, you can have as many diagnostic code files and configuration
files as available flash memory space allows.
In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file.
During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file
are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded.
Note that configuration files should be downloaded using a file name that reflects the
contents or usage of the file settings. If you download directly to the running-config,
the system will reboot, and the settings will have to be copied from the
running-config to a permanent file.
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Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch
Using the Web Interface
This switch provides an embedded HTTP Web agent. Using a Web browser you can
configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The Web agent
can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard Web browser
(Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above).
Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a
serial connection to the console port or via Telnet.For more information on using
the CLI, refer to Chapter 4: “Command Line Interface.”
Prior to accessing the switch from a Web browser, be sure you have first performed
the following tasks:
1.Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway
using an out-of-band serial connection, BOOTP or DHCP protocol. (See
“Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.)
2.Set user names and passwords using an out-of-band serial connection. Access
to the Web agent is controlled by the same user names and passwords as the
onboard configuration program. (See “Setting Passwords” on page 2-4.)
3.After you enter a user name and password, you will have access to the system
configuration program.
Notes: 1.
You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third
failed attempt the current connection is terminated.
2. If you log into the Web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view
the configuration settings or change the guest password. If you log in as
“admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can change the settings on any page.
3. If the path between your management station and this switch does not pass
through any device that uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm, then you can set
the switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding (i.e.,
enable Admin Edge Port) to improve the switch’s response time to
management commands issued through the web interface. See “Configuring
Interface Settings” on page 3-99.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Navigating the Web Browser Interface
To access the web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and
password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters
and statistics. The default user name and password for the administrator is “admin.”
Home Page
When your web browser connects with the switch’s web agent, the home page is
displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side
of the screen and System Information on the right side. The Main Menu links are
used to navigate to other menus, and display configuration parameters and
statistics.
3-2
Figure 3-1. Home Page
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Panel Display
3
Configuration Options
Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration
change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the Apply button to confirm
the new setting. The following table summarizes the web page configuration
buttons.
Table 3-1. Configuration Options
ButtonAction.
RevertCancels specified values and restores current values prior to pressing Apply.
ApplySets specified values to the system.
HelpLinks directly to webhelp.
Notes: 1.
To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.x is
configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General /
Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer
versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.”
2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the
screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh
button.
Panel Display
The web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports. The Mode can be set to
display different information for the ports, including Active (i.e., up or down), Duplex
(i.e., half or full duplex, or Flow Control (i.e., with or without flow control). Clicking on
the image of a port opens the Port Configuration page as described on page 3-64.
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Indicators
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Configuring the Switch
3
Main Menu
Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and
control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following
table briefly describes the selections available from this program.
Table 3-2. Main Menu
MenuDescriptionPage
System3-8
System InformationProvides basic system description, including contact information3-8
Switch InformationShows the number of ports, hardware/firmware version
Bridge ExtensionShows the bridge extension parameters3-11
IP ConfigurationSets the IP address for management access3-12
File3-15
CopyAllows the transfer and copying files3-15
DeleteAllows deletion of files from the flash memory3-16
Set StartupSets the startup file3-16
Line3-19
ConsoleSets console port connection parameters3-20
TelnetSets Telnet connection parameters.3-22
Log3-25
LogsStores and displays error messages3-23
System LogsSends error messages to a logging process3-23
Remote LogsConfigures the logging of messages to a remote logging process3-25
ResetRestarts the switch3-27
SNTP3-27
Configuration Configures SNTP client settings, including broadcast mode or a
Clock Time Zone Sets the local time zone for the system clock3-29
SNMP3-29
Configuration Configures community strings and related trap functions3-30
Security3-32
User AccountsAssigns a new password for the current user3-32
Authentication SettingsConfigures authentication sequence, RADIUS and TACACS3-34
ConfigurationThis page is used to create/remove primary or community
AssociationEach community VLAN must be associated with a primary VLAN 3-116
not the port is tagged or untagged
untagged or forbidden
VLANs
3-105
3-110
3-115
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Main Menu
3
Table 3-2. Main Menu (Continued)
MenuDescriptionPage
Port InformationShows VLAN port type, and associated primary or secondary
Port Configuration Sets the private VLAN interface type, and associates the
Trunk InformationShows VLAN port type, and associated primary or secondary
Trunk Configuration Sets the private VLAN interface type, and associates the
Priority3-120
Default Port PrioritySets the default priority for each port3-120
Default Trunk PrioritySets the default priority for each trunk3-120
Traffic ClassesMaps IEEE 802.1p priority tags to output queues3-122
Traffic Classes StatusEnables/disables traffic class priorities (not implemented)NA
Queue ModeSets queue mode to strict priority or Weighted Round-Robin3-123
Queue SchedulingConfigures Weighted Round Robin queueing 3-124
IP Precedence/
DSCP Priority Status
IP Precedence PrioritySets IP Type of Service priority, mapping the precedence tag to
IP DSCP PrioritySets IP Differentiated Services Code Point priority, mapping a
IP Port Priority StatusGlobally enables or disables IP Port Priority3-127
IP Port PrioritySets TCP/UDP port priority, defining the socket number and
ACL CoS Priority Sets the CoS value and corresponding output queue for packets
IGMP Snooping3-132
IGMP Configuration Enables multicast filtering; configures parameters for multicast
Multicast Router
Port Information
Static Multicast Router Port
Configuration
IP Multicast Registration
Table
IGMP Member Port TableIndicates multicast addresses associated with the selected
VLANs
interfaces with a private VLAN
VLANs
interfaces with a private VLAN
Globally selects IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, or disables
both.
a class-of-service value
DSCP tag to a class-of-service value
associated class-of-service value
matching an ACL rule
query
Displays the ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast
router for each VLAN ID
Assigns ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router3-136
Displays all multicast groups active on this switch, including
multicast IP addresses and VLAN ID
VLAN
3-117
3-118
3-117
3-118
3-126
3-127
3-128
3-130
3-131
3-133
3-135
3-137
3-138
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Configuring the Switch
3
Basic Configuration
Displaying System Information
You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name, location and
contact information.
Field Attributes
• System Name – Name assigned to the switch system.
• Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem.
• Location – Specifies the system location.
• Contact – Administrator responsible for the system.
• System Up Time – Length of time the management agent has been up.
These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.
• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.
• Web server – Shows if management access via HTTP is enabled.
• Web server port – Shows the TCP port number used by the web interface.
• Web secure server – Shows if management access via HTTPS is enabled.
• Web secure server port – Shows the TCP port used by the HTTPS interface.
• Telnet server – Shows if management access via Telnet is enabled.
• Telnet server port – Shows the TCP port used by the Telnet interface.
• Jumbo Frame – Shows if jumbo frames are enabled.
• POST result – Shows results of the power-on self-test.
Web – Click System, System Information. Specify the system name, location, and
contact information for the system administrator, then click Apply. (This page also
includes a Telnet button that allows access to the Command Line Interface via Telnet.)
3-8
Figure 3-3. Displaying System Information
Page 45
Basic Configuration
CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information.
Console(config)#hostname R&D 54-25
Console(config)#snmp-server location WC 94-100
Console(config)#snmp-server contact Ted4-100
Console(config)#exit
Console#show system4-58
System description: TigerSwitch 10/100 6716AL2
System OID string: 1.3.6.1.4.1.202.20.40
System information
System Up time: 0 days, 2 hours, 4 minutes, and 7.13 seconds
System Name: R&D 5
System Location: WC 9
System Contact Ted
MAC address 00-30-F1-12-34-56
Web server: enabled
Web server port: 80
Web secure server: enabled
Web secure server port: 443
Telnet server: enabled
Telnet server port: 23
Jumbo Frame: Disabled
POST result
DUMMY Test 1.................PASS
UART LOOP BACK Test..........PASS
DRAM Test....................PASS
Timer Test...................PASS
RTC Initialization...........PASS
Switch Int Loopback test.....PASS
Done All Pass.
Console#
3
Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions
Use the Switch Information page to display hardware/firmware version numbers for
the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the system.
Field Attributes
Main Board
• Serial Number – The serial number of the switch.
• Number of Ports – Number of built-in RJ-45 ports and SFP slots.
• Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board.
• Internal Power Status – Displays the status of the internal power supply.
Management Software
• Loader Version – Version number of loader code.
• Boot-ROM Version – Version of Power-On Self-Test (POST) and boot code.
• Operation Code Version – Version number of runtime code.
• Role – Shows that this switch is operating as Master (i.e., operating stand-alone).
Expansion Slot
• Expansion Slot 1/2 – Indicates any installed module type.
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Configuring the Switch
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These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.
• Unit ID – Unit number in stack.
• Redundant Power Status – Displays the status of the redundant power supply.
Web – Click System, Switch Information.
Figure 3-4. Displaying Switch Information
CLI – Use the following command to display version information.
Console#show version4-59
Unit 1
Serial number A305051234
Service tag
Hardware version R0C
Model A type 1000BaseT
Model B type 1000BaseT
Number of ports 18
Main power status up
Redundant power status not present
Agent(master)
Unit ID 1
Loader version: 2.2.1.1
Boot ROM version: 2.2.1.2
Operation code version: 2.2.3.5
Console#
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Basic Configuration
3
Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities
The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Multicast
Filtering, Traffic Classes, and Virtual LANs. You can access these extensions to
display default settings for the key variables.
Field Attributes
• Extended Multicast Filtering Services – This switch does not support the filtering
of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration
Protocol).
• Traffic Classes – This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic
classes. (Refer to “Class of Service Configuration” on page 3-120.)
• Static Entry Individual Port – This switch allows static filtering for unicast and
multicast addresses. (Refer to “Setting Static Addresses” on page 3-86.)
• VLAN Learning – This switch uses Independent VLAN Learning (IVL), where each
port maintains its own filtering database.
• Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port
VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or
Untagged) on each port. (Refer to “VLAN Configuration” on page 3-101.)
• Local VLAN Capable – This switch does not support multiple local bridges
register endstations with multicast groups. This switch does not support GMRP; it
uses the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to provide automatic
multicast filtering.
Web – Click System, Bridge Extension Configuration.
Console#show bridge-ext4-160
Max support VLAN numbers: 255
Max support VLAN ID: 4094
Extended multicast filtering services: No
Static entry individual port: Yes
VLAN learning: IVL
Configurable PVID tagging: Yes
Local VLAN capable: No
Traffic classes: Enabled
Global GVRP status: Disabled
GMRP: Disabled
Console#
Setting the Switch’s IP Address
This section describes how to configure an IP interface for management access
over the network. The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To
manually configure an address, you need to change the switch’s default settings
(IP address 0.0.0.0 and netmask 255.0.0.0) to values that are compatible with your
network. You may also need to a establish a default gateway between the switch
and management stations that exist on another network segment.
You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an
address from a BOOTP or DHCP server. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal
numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be
accepted by the CLI program.
Command Attributes
• Management VLAN – ID of the configured VLAN (1-4094, no leading zeroes). By
default, all ports on the switch are members of VLAN 1. However, the management
station can be attached to a port belonging to any VLAN, as long as that VLAN has
been assigned an IP address.
• IP Address Mode – Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual
configuration (Static), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Boot
Protocol (BOOTP). If DHCP/BOOTP is enabled, IP will not function until a reply has
been received from the server. Requests will be broadcast periodically by the
switch for an IP address. (DHCP/BOOTP values can include the IP address,
subnet mask, and default gateway.)
• IP Address – Address of the VLAN interface that is allowed management access.
Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods.
(Default: 0.0.0.0)
• Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to
specific subnets. (Default: 255.0.0.0)
• Gateway IP address – IP address of the gateway router between this device and
management stations that exist on other network segments. (Default: 0.0.0.0)
• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.
• Restart DHCP – Requests a new IP address from the DHCP server.
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Basic Configuration
Manual Configuration
Web – Click System, IP Configuration. Select the VLAN through which the
management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to “Static,” enter the IP
address, subnet mask and gateway, then click Apply.
Figure 3-6. IP Configuration
CLI – Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway.
If your network provides DHCP/BOOTP services, you can configure the switch to be
dynamically configured by these services.
Web – Click System, IP Configuration. Specify the VLAN to which the management
station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP. Click Apply to
save your changes. Then click Restart DHCP to immediately request a new
address. Note that the switch will also broadcast a request for IP configuration
settings on each power reset.
Figure 3-7. IP Configuration using DHCP
If you lose your management connection, use a console connection and enter
Note:
“show ip interface” to determine the new switch address.
CLI – Specify the management interface, and set the IP address mode to DHCP or
BOOTP, and then enter the “ip dhcp restart” command.
Console#config
Console(config)#interface vlan 14-104
Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp4-185
Console(config-if)#end
Console#ip dhcp restart4-186
Console#show ip interface4-187
IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1,
and address mode: User specified.
Console#
Renewing DCHP – DHCP may lease addresses to clients indefinitely or for a
specific period of time. If the address expires or the switch is moved to another
network segment, you will lose management access to the switch. In this case, you
can reboot the switch or submit a client request to restart DHCP service via the CLI.
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Web – If the address assigned by DHCP is no longer functioning, you will not be
able to renew the IP settings via the web interface. You can only restart DHCP
service via the web interface if the current address is still available.
CLI – Enter the following command to restart DHCP service.
Console#ip dhcp restart4-186
Console#
3
Managing Firmware
You can upload/download firmware to or from a TFTP server. By saving runtime
code to a file on a TFTP server, that file can later be downloaded to the switch to
restore operation. You can also set the switch to use new firmware without
overwriting the previous version. You must specify the method of file transfer, along
with the file type and file names as required. The switch also allows a runtime code
file to be copied to or from another switch unit in the stack.
Command Attributes
• File Transfer Method – The firmware copy operation includes these options:
- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.
- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.
- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.
- file to unit – Copies a file from this switch to another unit in the stack.
- unit to file – Copies a file from another unit in the stack to this switch.
• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.
• File Type – Specify opcode (operational code) to copy firmware.
• File Name –
the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on
the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch.
(Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)
• Source/Destination Unit – Specifies the switch stack unit number.
Up to two copies of the system software (i.e., the runtime firmware) can be stored
Note:
in the file directory on the switch. The currently designated startup version of this
file cannot be deleted.
The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),
the leading letter of
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Configuring the Switch
3
Downloading System Software from a Server
When downloading runtime code, you can specify the destination file name to
replace the current image, or first download the file using a different name from the
current runtime code file, and then set the new file as the startup file.
Web –Click System, File Management, Copy Operation. Select “tftp to file” as the file
transfer method, enter the IP address of the TFTP server, set the file type to
“opcode,” enter the file name of the software to download, select a file on the switch
to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click Apply. If you replaced the current
firmware used for startup and want to start using the new operation code, reboot the
system via the System/Reset menu.
Figure 3-8. Operation Code Image File Transfer
If you download to a new destination file, go to the System/File/Set Start-Up menu,
mark the operation code file used at startup, and click Apply. To start the new
firmware, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.
Figure 3-9. Select Start-Up Operation File
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3
To delete a file select System, File, Delete. Select the file name from the given list by
checking the tick box and click Apply. Note that t
startup code cannot be deleted.
he file currently designated as the
Figure 3-10. Deleting Files
CLI – To download new firmware form a TFTP server, enter the IP address of the
TFTP server, select “opcode” as the file type, then enter the source and destination
file names. When the file has completed the download, set the new file to start up
the system and then restart the switch.
To start the new firmware, enter the “reload” command or reboot the system.
Console#copy tftp file4-61
TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.19
Choose file type:
-Write to FLASH finish.
Success.
Console#config
Console(config)#boot system opcode:V22394-66
Console(config)#exit
Console#reload4-22
Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings
You can upload/download configuration settings to/from a TFTP server or copy files
to and from switch units in a stack. The configuration files can be later downloaded
to restore the switch’s settings.
Command Attributes
• File Transfer Method – The configuration copy operation includes these options:
- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.
- file to running-config – Copies a file in the switch to the running configuration.
- file to startup-config – Copies a file in the switch to the startup configuration.
- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.
- running-config to file – Copies the running configuration to a file.
- running-config to startup-config – Copies the running config to the startup config.
- running-config to tftp – Copies the running configuration to a TFTP server.
- startup-config to file – Copies the startup configuration to a file on the switch.
- startup-config to running-config – Copies the startup config to the running config.
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Configuring the Switch
3
- startup-config to tftp – Copies the startup configuration to a TFTP server.
- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.
- tftp to running-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the running config.
- tftp to startup-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the startup config.
• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.
• File Type – Specify config (configuration) to copy configuration settings.
•
File Name
the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on
the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid
characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)
Note:
— The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),
The maximum number of user-defined configuration files is limited only by
available flash memory space.
the leading letter of
Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server
You can download the configuration file under a new file name and then set it as the
startup file, or you can specify the current startup configuration file as the destination
file to directly replace it. Note that the file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” can be
copied to the TFTP server, but cannot be used as the destination on the switch.
Web – Click System, File, Copy. Select “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file” and
enter the IP address of the TFTP server. Specify the name of the file to download
and select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click
Apply.
Figure 3-11. Copy Configuration Settings
If you download to a new file name using “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file,” the file
is automatically set as the start-up configuration file. To use the new settings, reboot
the system via the System/Reset menu.
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3
Note that you can also select any configuration file as the start-up configuration by
using the System/File/Set Start-Up page.
Figure 3-12. Setting the Startup Configuration Settings
CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, specify the source file on the server,
set the startup file name on the switch, and then restart the switch.
Console#copy tftp startup-config4-61
TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.19
Source configuration file name: config-1
Startup configuration file name [] : startup
\Write to FLASH Programming.
-Write to FLASH finish.
Success.
Console#reload
To select another configuration file as the start-up configuration, use the boot
system command and then restart the switch.
Console#config
Console(config)#boot system config: startup-new4-66
Console(config)#exit
Console#reload4-22
Console Port Settings
You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100
compatible device to the switch’s serial console port. Management access through
the console port is controlled by various parameters, including a password, timeouts,
and basic communication settings. These parameters can be configured via the
Web or CLI interface.
Command Attributes
• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the
CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is
terminated for the session. (Range: 0-300 seconds; Default: 0)
• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.
If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is
terminated. (Range: 0-65535 seconds; Default: 0 seconds)
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Configuring the Switch
3
• Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the
number of failed logon attempts. When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the
system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent
Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt.
(Range: 0-120; Default: 3 attempts)
• Silent Time – Sets the amount of time the management console is inaccessible
after the number of unsuccessful logon attempts has been exceeded.
(Range: 0-65535; Default: 0)
• Data Bits – Sets the number of data bits per character that are interpreted and
generated by the console port. If parity is being generated, specify 7 data bits per
character. If no parity is required, specify 8 data bits per character. (Default: 8 bits)
• Parity – Defines the generation of a parity bit. Communication protocols provided
by some terminals can require a specific parity bit setting. Specify Even, Odd, or
None. (Default: None)
• Speed – Sets the terminal line’s baud rate for transmit (to terminal) and receive
(from terminal). Set the speed to match the baud rate of the device connected to
the serial port. (Default: 9600 bps)
• Stop Bits – Sets the number of the stop bits transmitted per byte.
(Range: 1-2; Default: 1 stop bit)
• Password* – Specifies a password for the line connection. When a connection is
started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password.
If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. (Default: No
password)
• Login* – Enables password checking at login. You can select authentication by a
single global password as configured for the Password parameter, or by
passwords set up for specific user-name accounts (the default).
* CLI only.
Web – Click System, Line, Console. Specify the console port connection parameters
as required, then click Apply.
Figure 3-13. Console Port Settings
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Basic Configuration
CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for the console, then specify the connection
parameters as required. To display the current console port settings, use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.
You can access the onboard configuration program over the network using Telnet
(i.e., a virtual terminal). Management access via Telnet can be enabled/disabled and
other various parameters set, including the TCP port number, timeouts, and a
password. These parameters can be configured via the Web or CLI interface.
Command Attributes
• Telnet Status – Enables or disables Telnet access to the switch.
(Default: Enabled)
• Telnet Port Number – Sets the TCP port number for Telnet on the switch.
(Default: 23)
• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the
CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is
terminated for the session. (Range: 0-300 seconds; Default: 300 seconds)
• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.
If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is
terminated. (Range: 0-65535 seconds; Default: 600 seconds)
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Configuring the Switch
3
• Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the
number of failed logon attempts. When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the
system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent
Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt.
(Range: 0-120; Default: 3 attempts)
• Password* – Specifies a password for the line connection. When a connection is
started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password.
If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. (Default: No
password)
• Login* – Enables password checking at login. You can select authentication by a
single global password as configured for the Password parameter, or by
passwords set up for specific user-name accounts (the default).
* CLI only.
Web – Click System, Line, Telnet. Specify the connection parameters for Telnet
access, then click Apply.
3-22
Figure 3-14. Enabling Telnet
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Basic Configuration
3
CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for a virtual terminal, then specify the
connection parameters as required. To display the current virtual terminal settings,
use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.
The switch allows you to control the logging of error messages, including the type of
events that are recorded in switch memory, logging to a remote System Log (syslog)
server, and displays a list of recent event messages.
System Log Configuration
The system allows you to enable or disable event logging, and specify which levels
are logged to RAM or flash memory.
Severe error messages that are logged to flash memory are permanently stored in
the switch to assist in troubleshooting network problems. Up to 4096 log entries can
be stored in the flash memory, with the oldest entries being overwritten first when the
available log memory (256 kilobytes) has been exceeded.
The System Logs page allows you to configure and limit system messages that are
logged to flash or RAM memory. The default is for event levels 0 to 3 to be logged to
flash and levels 0 to 7 to be logged to RAM.
Command Attributes
• System Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages to
the logging process. (Default: Enabled)
• Flash Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s permanent flash memory
for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all
messages from level 0 to level 3 will be logged to flash. (Range: 0-7, Default: 3)
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3
Table 3-3. Logging Levels
LevelSeverity NameDescription
7DebugDebugging messages
6InformationalInformational messages only
5NoticeNormal but significant condition, such as cold start
2CriticalCritical conditions (e.g., memory allocation, or free memory
1AlertImmediate action needed
0EmergencySystem unusable
* There are only Level 2, 5 and 6 error messages for the current firmware release.
error - resource exhausted)
• RAM Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s temporary RAM memory
for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 7 is specified, all
messages from level 0 to level 7 will be logged to RAM. (Range: 0-7, Default: 6)
The Flash Level must be equal to or less than the RAM Level.
Note:
Web – Click System, Log, System Logs. Specify System Log Status, then
change
the level of messages to be logged to RAM and flash memory, then click Apply.
Figure 3-15. Configuring System Logging Messages
CLI – Enable system logging and then specify the level of messages to be logged to
RAM and flash memory. Use the show logging command to display the current
settings.
Console(config)#logging on4-43
Console(config)#logging history ram 04-44
Console(config)#end
Console#show logging flash4-48
Syslog logging: Enabled
History logging in FLASH: level emergencies
Console#
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3
Remote Logs Configuration
The Remote Logs page allows you to configure the logging of messages that are
sent to syslog servers or other management stations. You can also limit the error
messages sent to only those messages below a specified level.
Command Attributes
• Remote Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages
to the remote logging process. (Default: Enabled)
• Logging Facility – Sets the facility type for remote logging of syslog messages.
There are eight facility types specified by values of 16 to 23. The facility type is
used by the syslog server to dispatch log messages to an appropriate service.
The attribute specifies the facility type tag sent in syslog messages. (See RFC
3164.) This type has no effect on the kind of messages reported by the switch.
However, it may be used by the syslog server to process messages, such as
sorting or storing messages in the corresponding database. (Range: 16-23,
Default: 23)
• Logging Trap – Limits log messages that are sent to the remote syslog server for
all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all messages
from level 0 to level 3 will be sent to the remote server. (Range: 0-7, Default: 3)
• Host IP List – Displays the list of remote server IP addresses that receive the
syslog messages. The maximum number of host IP addresses allowed is five.
• Host IP Address – Specifies a new server IP address to add to the Host IP List.
Web – Click System, Log, Remote Logs. To add an IP address to the Host IP List,
type the new IP address in the Host IP Address box, and then click Add. To delete
an IP address, click the entry in the Host IP List, and then click Remove.
Figure 3-16. Enabling Remote Logging and Adding Host IP Addresses
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3
CLI – Enter the syslog server host IP address, choose the facility type and set the
logging trap.
Console(config)#logging host 192.168.1.154-45
Console(config)#logging facility 234-45
Console(config)#logging trap 44-46
Console(config)#end
Console#show logging trap4-46
Syslog logging: Enabled
REMOTELOG status: Enabled
REMOTELOG facility type: local use 7
REMOTELOG level type: Warning conditions
REMOTELOG server ip address: 192.168.1.15
REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0
REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0
REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0
REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0
Console#
Displaying Log Messages
The Logs page allows you to scroll through the logged system and event messages.
The switch can store up to 2048 log entries in temporary random access memory
(RAM; i.e., memory flushed on power reset) and up to 4096 entries in permanent
flash memory.
Web – Click System, Log, Logs.
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Figure 3-17. Displaying System Logs
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Basic Configuration
CLI – This example shows that system logging is enabled, the message level for
flash memory is “errors” (i.e., default level 3 - 0), the message level for RAM is
“debugging” (i.e., default level 7 - 0), and lists one sample error.
Console#show logging flash4-63
Syslog logging: Enable
History logging in FLASH: level errors
[0] 0:0:5 1/1/1 "PRI_MGR_InitDefault function fails."
level: 3, module: 13, function: 0, and event no.: 0
Console#show logging ram4-63
Syslog logging: Enable
History logging in RAM: level debugging
[0] 0:0:5 1/1/1 PRI_MGR_InitDefault function fails."
level: 3, module: 13, function: 0, and event no.: 0
Console#
Resetting the System
Web – Click System, Reset to reboot the switch. When prompted, confirm that you
want reset the switch.
Figure 3-18. Resetting the System
CLI – Use the reload command to restart the switch. When prompted, confirm that
you want to reset the switch.
Console#reload4-22
System will be restarted, continue <y/n>? y
Console#
3
When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test.
Note:
Setting the System Clock
Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock
based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP). Maintaining an
accurate time on the switch enables the system log to record meaningful dates and
times for event entries. You can also manually set the clock using the CLI. (See
“calendar set” on page 4-53.) If the clock is not set, the switch will only record the
time from the factory default set at the last bootup.
When the SNTP client is enabled, the switch periodically sends a request for a time
update to a configured time server. You can configure up to three time server IP
addresses. The switch will attempt to poll each server in the configured sequence.
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Configuring SNTP
You can configure the switch to send time synchronization requests to time servers.
Command Attributes
• SNTP Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP client. This requires
at least one time server to be specified in the SNTP Server field. (Default: Disabled)
• SNTP Poll Interval – Sets the interval between sending requests for a time update
from a time server. (Range: 16-16284 seconds; Default: 16 seconds)
• SNTP Server – Sets the IP address for up to three time servers. The switch
attempts to update the time from the first server, if this fails it attempts an update
from the next server in the sequence.
Web – Select SNTP, Configuration. Modify any of the required parameters, and click
Apply.
Figure 3-19. Configuring SNTP
CLI – This example configures the switch to operate as an SNTP unicast client and
then displays the current time and settings.
Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.24-51
Console(config)#sntp poll 604-51
Console(config)#sntp client4-50
Console(config)#exit
Console#show sntp
Current time: Jan 6 14:56:05 2004
Poll interval: 60
Current mode: unicast
SNTP status : Enabled
SNTP server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2
Current server: 128.250.36.2
Console#
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3
Setting the Time Zone
SNTP uses Coordinated Universal Time (or UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time,
or GMT) based on the time at the Earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To
display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of
hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC.
Command Attributes
• Current Time – Displays the current time.
• Name – Assigns a name to the time zone. (Range: 1-29 characters)
• Hours (0-12) – The number of hours before/after UTC.
• Minutes (0-59) – The number of minutes before/after UTC.
• Direction – Configures the time zone to be before (east) or after (west) UTC.
Web – Select SNTP, Clock Time Zone. Set the offset for your time zone relative to
the UTC, and click Apply.
Figure 3-20. Setting the System Clock
CLI - This example shows how to set the time zone for the system clock.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a communication protocol
designed specifically for managing devices on a network. Equipment commonly
managed with SNMP includes switches, routers and host computers. SNMP is
typically used to configure these devices for proper operation in a network
environment, as well as to monitor them to evaluate performance or detect potential
problems.
The switch includes an onboard SNMP agent that continuously monitors the status
of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A network
management station can access this information using software such as HP
OpenView. Access rights to the onboard agent are controlled by community strings.
To communicate with the switch, the management station must first submit a valid
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3
community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings,
trap functions, and restricting access to clients with specified IP addresses are
described in the following sections.
Setting Community Access Strings
You may configure up to five community strings authorized for management access.
All community strings used for IP Trap Managers should be listed in this table. For
security reasons, you should consider removing the default strings.
Command Attributes
• SNMP Community Capability – Indicates that the switch supports up to five
community strings.
• Community String – A community string that acts like a password and permits
access to the SNMP protocol.
Default strings: “public” (read-only access), “private” (read/write access)
Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive
• Access Mode
- Read-Only – Specifies read-only access. Authorized management stations are
only able to retrieve MIB objects.
- Read/Write – Specifies read-write access. Authorized management stations are
able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects.
Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Add new community strings as required, select
the access rights from the Access Mode drop-down list, then click Add.
Figure 3-21. Configuring SNMP
CLI – The following example adds the string “spiderman” with read/write access.
Console(config)#snmp-server community spiderman rw4-99
Console(config)#
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Simple Network Management Protocol
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Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types
Traps indicating status changes are issued by the switch to specified trap managers.
You must specify trap managers so that key events are reported by this switch to
your management station (using network management platforms such as HP
OpenView). You can specify up to five management stations that will receive
authentication failure messages and other trap messages from the switch.
Command Attributes
• Trap Manager Capability – This switch supports up to five trap managers.
• Current – Displays a list of the trap managers currently configured.
• Trap Manager IP Address – IP address of the host (the targeted recipient).
• Trap Manager Community String – Community string sent with the notification
operation. (Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive)
• Trap Version – Specifies whether to send notifications as SNMP v1 or v2c traps.
(The default is version 1.)
• Enable Authentication Traps – Issues a trap message whenever an invalid
community string is submitted during the SNMP access authentication process.
(Default: Enabled.)
• Enable Link-up and Link-down Traps – Issues a trap message whenever a port
link is established or broken. (Default: Enabled)
Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Fill in the IP address and community string for
each trap manager that will receive these messages, specify the SNMP version,
mark the trap types required, and then click Add.
Figure 3-22. Configuring IP Trap Managers
CLI – This example adds a trap manager and enables both authentication and
link-up, link-down traps.
Console(config)#snmp-server host 192.168.1.19 private version 2c4-101
Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps4-102
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User Authentication
You can restrict management access to this switch using the following options:
• User Accounts – Manually configure access rights on the switch for specified users.
• Authentication Settings – Use remote authentication to configure access rights.
• HTTPS Settings – Provide a secure web connection.
• SSH Settings – Provide a secure shell (for secure Telnet access).
• Port Security – Configure secure addresses for individual ports.
• 802.1x – Use IEEE 802.1x port authentication to control access to specific ports.
• IP Filter – Filters management access to the web, SNMP or Telnet interface.
Configuring User Accounts
The guest only has read access for most configuration parameters. However, the
administrator has write access for all parameters governing the onboard agent. You
should therefore assign a new administrator password as soon as possible, and
store it in a safe place.
The default guest name is “guest” with the password “guest.” The default
administrator name is “admin” with the password “admin.”
Command Attributes
• Account List – Displays the current list of user accounts and associated access
levels. (Defaults: admin, and guest)
• New Account – Displays configuration settings for a new account.
- User Name – The name of the user.
(Maximum length: 8 characters)
- Access Level – Specifies the user level.
(Options: Normal and Privileged)
- Password – Specifies the user password.
(Range: 0-8 characters plain text, case sensitive)
• Change Password – Sets a new password for the specified user name.
• Add/Remove – Adds or removes an account from the list.
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User Authentication
Web – Click Security, User Accounts. To configure a new user account, specify a
user name, select the user’s access level, then enter a password and confirm it.
Click Add to save the new user account and add it to the Account List. To change the
password for a specific user, enter the user name and new password, confirm the
password by entering it again, then click Apply.
Figure 3-23. Access Levels
CLI – Assign a user name to access-level 15 (i.e., administrator), then specify the
password.
Console(config)#username bob access-level 154-26
Console(config)#username bob password 0 smith
Console(config)#
3
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3
Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication
Use the Authentication Settings menu to restrict management access based on
specified user names and passwords. You can manually configure access rights on
the switch, or you can use a remote access authentication server based on RADIUS
or TACACS+ protocols.
Remote Authentication Dial-in
User Service (RADIUS) and
Terminal Access Controller
Access Control System Plus
(TACACS+) are logon
Web
Telnet
authentication protocols that
use software running on a
central server to control
access to RADIUS-aware or
TACACS-aware devices on the
network. An authentication
RADIUS/
TACACS+
server
1. Client attempts management access.
2. Switch contacts authentication server.
3. Authentication server challenges client.
4. Client responds with proper password or key.
5. Authentication server approves access.
6. Switch grants management access.
server contains a database of
multiple user name/password pairs with associated privilege levels for each user
that requires management access to the switch.
RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP. UDP only offers best effort delivery,
while TCP offers a connection-oriented transport. Also, note that RADIUS encrypts
only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server, while
TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the packet.
Command Usage
• By default, management access is always checked against the authentication
database stored on the local switch. If a remote authentication server is used, you
must specify the authentication sequence and the corresponding parameters for
the remote authentication protocol. Local and remote logon authentication control
management access via the console port, web browser, or Telnet.
• RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication assign a specific privilege level for
each user name/password pair. The user name, password, and privilege level
must be configured on the authentication server.
• You can specify up to three authentication methods for any user to indicate the
authentication sequence. For example, if you select (1) RADIUS, (2) TACACS and
(3) Local, the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the
RADIUS server is not available, then authentication is attempted using the
TACACS+ server, and finally the local user name and password is checked.
console
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Command Attributes
• Authentication – Select the authentication, or authentication sequence required:
- Local – User authentication is performed only locally by the switch.
- Radius – User authentication is performed using a RADIUS server only.
- TACACS – User authentication is performed using a TACACS+ server only.
- [authentication sequence] – User authentication is performed by up to three
authentication methods in the indicated sequence.
• RADIUS Settings
- Global – Provides globally applicable RADIUS settings.
- ServerIndex – Specifies one of five RADIUS servers that may be configured.
The switch attempts authentication using the listed sequence of servers. The
process ends when a server either approves or denies access to a user.
- Server Port Number – Network (UDP) port of authentication server used for
authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 1812)
- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for
client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)
- Number of Server Transmits – Number of times the switch tries to authenticate
logon access via the authentication server. (Range: 1-30; Default: 2)
- Timeout for a reply – The number of seconds the switch waits for a reply from
the RADIUS server before it resends the request. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 5)
• TACACS Settings
- Server IP Address – Address of the TACACS+ server. (Default: 10.11.12.13)
- Server Port Number – Network (TCP) port of TACACS+ server used for
authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 49)
- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for
client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)
The local switch user database has to be set up by manually entering user names
Note:
and passwords using the CLI. (See “username” on page 4-26.)
3
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3
Web – Click Security, Authentication Settings. To configure local or remote
authentication preferences, specify the authentication sequence (i.e., one to three
methods), fill in the parameters for RADIUS or TACACS+ authentication if selected,
and click Apply.
Figure 3-24. Authentication Settings
CLI – Specify all the required parameters to enable logon authentication.
Global settings:
Communication key with RADIUS server: *****
Server port number: 181
Retransmit times: 5
Request timeout: 10
Server 1:
Server IP address: 192.168.1.25
Communication key with RADIUS server: *****
Server port number: 1812
Retransmit times: 2
Request timeout: 5
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Console#configure
Console(config)#authentication login tacacs4-67
Console(config)#tacacs-server host 10.20.30.404-73
Console(config)#tacacs-server port 2004-73
Console(config)#tacacs-server key green4-74
Console#show tacacs-server4-74
Server IP address: 10.20.30.40
Communication key with tacacs server: green
Server port number: 200
Console(config)#
3
Configuring HTTPS
You can configure the switch to enable the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTPS) over the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), providing secure access (i.e., an
encrypted connection) to the switch’s web interface.
Command Usage
• Both the HTTP and HTTPS service can be enabled independently on the switch.
However, you cannot configure both services to use the same UDP port.
• If you enable HTTPS, you must indicate this in the URL that you specify in your
browser: https://device[:port_number]
• When you start HTTPS, the connection is established in this way:
- The client authenticates the server using the server’s digital certificate.
- The client and server negotiate a set of security protocols to use for the
connection.
- The client and server generate session keys for encrypting and decrypting data.
• The client and server establish a secure encrypted connection.
A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 5.x or above
and Netscape Navigator 4.x or above.
• The following web browsers and operating systems currently support HTTPS:
Table 3-4. Compatible Operating Systems
Web BrowserOperating System
Internet Explorer 5.0 or laterWindows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),
Netscape Navigator 4.76 or laterWindows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),
Windows 2000, Windows XP
Windows 2000, Windows XP, Solaris 2.6
• To specify a secure-site certificate, see “Replacing the Default Secure-site
Certificate” on page 3-38.
Command Attributes
• HTTPS Status – Allows you to enable/disable the HTTPS server feature on the
switch.
(Default: Enabled)
•
Change HTTPS Port Number – Specifies the UDP port number used for HTTPS/
SSL connection to the switch’s web interface. (Default: Port 443)
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Web – Click Security, HTTPS Settings. Enable HTTPS and specify the port number,
then click Apply.
Figure 3-25. HTTPS Settings
CLI – This example enables the HTTP secure server and modifies the port number.
When you log onto the web interface using HTTPS (for secure access), a Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate appears for the switch. By default, the certificate that
Netscape and Internet Explorer display will be associated with a warning that the
site is not recognized as a secure site. This is because the certificate has not been
signed by an approved certification authority. If you want this warning to be replaced
by a message confirming that the connection to the switch is secure, you must
obtain a unique certificate and a private key and password from a recognized
certification authority.
Caution: For maximum security, we recommend you obtain a unique Secure Sockets
Layer certificate at the earliest opportunity. This is because the default
certificate for the switch is not unique to the hardware you have purchased.
When you have obtained these, place them on your TFTP server, and use the
following command at the switch's command-line interface to replace the default
(unrecognized) certificate with an authorized one:
Console#copy tftp https-certificate4-61
TFTP server ip address: <server ip-address>
Source certificate file name: <certificate file name>
Source private file name: <private key file name>
Private password: <password for private key>
Note:
The switch must be reset for the new certificate to be activated. To reset the
switch, type:
Console#reload
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3
Configuring the Secure Shell
The Berkley-standard includes remote access tools originally designed for Unix
systems. Some of these tools have also been implemented for Microsoft Windows
and other environments. These tools, including commands such as rlogin (remote
login), rsh (remote shell), and rcp (remote copy), are not secure from hostile attacks.
The Secure Shell (SSH) includes server/client applications intended as a secure
replacement for the older Berkley remote access tools. SSH can also provide
remote management access to this switch as a secure replacement for Telnet.
When the client contacts the switch via the SSH protocol, the switch generates a
public-key that the client uses along with a local user name and password for access
authentication. SSH also encrypts all data transfers passing between the switch and
SSH-enabled management station clients, and ensures that data traveling over the
network arrives unaltered.
Note that you need to install an SSH client on the management station to access the
switch for management via the SSH protocol.
The switch supports both SSH Version 1.5 and 2.0.
Note:
Command Usage
The SSH server on this switch supports both password and public key
authentication. If password authentication is specified by the SSH client, then the
password can be authenticated either locally or via a RADIUS or TACACS+ remote
authentication server, as specified on the Authentication Settings page
(page 3-34). If public key authentication is specified by the client, then you must
configure authentication keys on both the client and the switch as described in the
following section. Note that regardless of whether you use public key or password
authentication, you still have to generate authentication keys on the switch (SSH
Host Key Settings) and enable the SSH server (Authentication Settings).
To use the SSH server, complete these steps:
1.Generate a Host Key Pair – On the SSH Host Key Settings page, create a host
public/private key pair.
2.Provide Host Public Key to Clients – Many SSH client programs automatically
import the host public key during the initial connection setup with the switch.
Otherwise, you need to manually create a known hosts file on the management
station and place the host public key in it. An entry for a public key in the known
hosts file would appear similar to the following example:
3.Import Client’s Public Key to the Switch – Use the copy tftp public-key
command (page 4-61) to copy a file containing the public key for all the SSH
client’s granted management access to the switch. (Note that these clients
must be configured locally on the switch via the User Accounts page as
described on page 3-32.) The clients are subsequently authenticated using
these keys. The current firmware only accepts public key files based on
standard UNIX format as shown in the following example for an RSA Version 1
key:
4.Set the Optional Parameters – On the SSH Settings page, configure the
optional parameters, including the authentication timeout, the number of retries,
and the server key size.
5.Enable SSH Service – On the SSH Settings page, enable the SSH server on
the switch.
6.Challenge-Response Authentication – When an SSH client attempts to contact
the switch, the SSH server uses the host key pair to negotiate a session key
and encryption method. Only clients that have a private key corresponding to
the public keys stored on the switch can access. The following exchanges take
place during this process:
a.The client sends its public key to the switch.
b.The switch compares the client's public key to those stored in memory.
c.If a match is found, the switch uses the public key to encrypt a random
sequence of bytes, and sends this string to the client.
d.The client uses its private key to decrypt the bytes, and sends the
decrypted bytes back to the switch.
e.The switch compares the decrypted bytes to the original bytes it sent. If the
two sets match, this means that the client's private key corresponds to an
authorized public key, and the client is authenticated.
Notes: 1. To use SSH with only password authentication, the host public key must still
be given to the client, either during initial connection or manually entered into
the known host file. However, you do not need to configure the client’s keys.
2. The SSH server supports up to four client sessions. The maximum number
of client sessions includes both current Telnet sessions and SSH sessions.
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3
Generating the Host Key Pair
A host public/private key pair is used to provide secure communications between an
SSH client and the switch. After generating this key pair, you must provide the host
public key to SSH clients and import the client’s public key to the switch as
described in the proceeding section (Command Usage).
Field Attributes
• Public-Key of Host-Key – The public key for the host.
- RSA (Version 1): The first field indicates the size of the host key (e.g., 1024), the
second field is the encoded public exponent (e.g., 65537), and the last string is
the encoded modulus.
- DSA (Version 2): The first field indicates that the encryption method used by
SSH is based on the Digital Signature Standard (DSS). The last string is the
encoded modulus.
• Host-Key Type – The key type used to generate the host key pair (i.e., public and
private keys). (Range: RSA (Version 1), DSA (Version 2), Both: Default: RSA)
The SSH server uses RSA or DSA for key exchange when the client first
establishes a connection with the switch, and then negotiates with the client to
select either DES (56-bit) or 3DES (168-bit) for data encryption.
• Save Host-Key from Memory to Flash – Saves the host key from RAM (i.e.,
volatile memory to flash memory. Otherwise, the host key pair is stored to RAM by
default. Note that you must select this item prior to generating the host-key pair.
• Generate – This button is used to generate the host key pair. Note that you must
first generate the host key pair before you can enable the SSH server on the SSH
Server Settings page.
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3
Web – Click Security, SSH, Host-Key Settings. Select the host-key type from the
drop-down box, select the option to save the host key from memory to flash (if
required) prior to generating the key, and then click Generate.
Figure 3-26. SSH Host-Key Settings
CLI – This example generates a host-key pair using both the RSA and DSA
algorithms, stores the keys to flash memory, and then displays the host’s public keys.
The SSH server includes basic settings for authentication.
Field Attributes
• SSH Server Status – Allows you to enable/disable the SSH server on the switch.
(Default: Disabled)
• Version – The Secure Shell version number. Version 2.0 is displayed, but the
switch supports management access via either SSH Version 1.5 or 2.0 clients.
• SSH Authentication Timeout – Specifies the time interval in seconds that the
SSH server waits for a response from a client during an authentication attempt.
(Range: 1-120 seconds; Default: 120 seconds)
• SSH Authentication Retries – Specifies the number of authentication attempts
that a client is allowed before authentication fails and the client has to restart the
authentication process. (Range: 1-5 times; Default: 3)
• SSH Server-Key Size – Specifies the SSH server key size. (Range: 512-896 bits)
- The server key is a private key that is never shared outside the switch.
- The host key is shared with the SSH client, and is fixed at 1024 bits.
Web – Click Security, SSH, Settings. Enable SSH and adjust the authentication
parameters as required, then click Apply. Note that you must first generate the host
key pair on the SSH Host-Key Settings page before you can enable the SSH server.
Figure 3-27. SSH Server Settings
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3
CLI – This example enables SSH, sets the authentication parameters, and displays
the current configuration. It shows that the administrator has made a connection via
SHH, and then disables this connection.
Port security is a feature that allows you to configure a switch port with one or more
device MAC addresses that are authorized to access the network through that port.
When port security is enabled on a port, the switch stops learning new MAC
addresses on the specified port when it has reached a configured maximum
number. Only incoming traffic with source addresses already stored in the dynamic
or static address table will be accepted as authorized to access the network through
that port. If a device with an unauthorized MAC address attempts to use the switch
port, the intrusion will be detected and the switch can automatically take action by
disabling the port and sending a trap message.
To use port security, specify a maximum number of addresses to allow on the port
and then let the switch dynamically learn the <source MAC address, VLAN> pair for
frames received on the port. Note that you can also manually add secure addresses
to the port using the Static Address Table (page 3-86). When the port has reached
the maximum number of MAC addresses the selected port will stop learning. The
MAC addresses already in the address table will be retained and will not age out.
Any other device that attempts to use the port will be prevented from accessing the
switch.
Command Usage
• A secure port has the following restrictions:
- Cannot use port monitoring.
- Cannot be a multi-VLAN port.
- It cannot be used as a member of a static or dynamic trunk.
- It should not be connected to a network interconnection device.
• The default maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a secure port is zero.
You must configure a maximum address count from 1 - 1024 for the port to allow
access.
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• If a port is disabled (shut down) due to a security violation, it must be manually
re-enabled from the Port/Port Configuration page (page 3-64).
Command Attributes
• Port – Port number.
• Name – Descriptive text (page 4-105).
• Action – Indicates the action to be taken when a port security violation is detected:
- None: No action should be taken. (This is the default.)
- Trap: Send an SNMP trap message.
- Shutdown: Disable the port.
- Trap and Shutdown: Send an SNMP trap message and disable the port.
• Security Status – Enables or disables port security on the port. (Default: Disabled)
• Max MAC Count – The maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned
on a port. (Range: 0 - 1024)
• Trunk – Trunk number if port is a member (page 3-67 and 3-68).
Web – Click Security, Port Security. Mark the checkbox in the Status column to
enable security for a port, set the maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a
port, and click Apply.
3
Figure 3-28. Configuring Port Security
CLI – This example selects the target port, sets the port security action to send a
trap and disable the port and sets the maximum MAC addresses allowed on the
port, and then enables port security for the port.
Network switches can provide open and easy access to network resources by
simply attaching a client PC. Although this automatic configuration and access is a
desirable feature, it also allows unauthorized personnel to easily intrude and
possibly gain access to sensitive network data.
The IEEE 802.1x (dot1x) standard defines a port-based access control procedure
that prevents unauthorized access to a network by requiring users to first submit
credentials for authentication. Access to all switch ports in a network can be
centrally controlled from a server, which means that authorized users can use the
same credentials for authentication from any point within the network.
This switch uses the
Extensible Authentication
Protocol over LANs (EAPOL)
to exchange authentication
protocol messages with the
client, and a remote RADIUS
authentication server to verify
user identity and access
rights. When a client (i.e.,
Supplicant) connects to a
switch port, the switch (i.e.,
Authenticator) responds with an EAPOL identity request. The client provides its
identity (such as a user name) in an EAPOL response to the switch, which it
forwards to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server verifies the client identity and
sends an access challenge back to the client. The EAP packet from the RADIUS
server contains not only the challenge, but the authentication method to be used.
The client can reject the authentication method and request another, depending on
the configuration of the client software and the RADIUS server. The authentication
method must be MD5. The client responds to the appropriate method with its
credentials, such as a password or certificate. The RADIUS server verifies the client
credentials and responds with an accept or reject packet. If authentication is
successful, the switch allows the client to access the network. Otherwise, network
access is denied and the port remains blocked.
The operation of 802.1x on the switch requires the following:
• The switch must have an IP address assigned.
• RADIUS authentication must be enabled on the switch and the IP address of the
RADIUS server specified.
• Each switch port that will be used must be set to dot1x “Auto” mode.
• Each client that needs to be authenticated must have dot1x client software
installed and properly configured.
• The RADIUS server and 802.1x client support EAP. (The switch only supports
EAPOL in order to pass the EAP packets from the server to the client.)
802.1x
client
RADIUS
server
1. Client attempts to access a switch port.
2. Switch sends client an identity request.
3. Client sends back identity information.
4. Switch forwards this to authentication server.
5. Authentication server challenges client.
6. Client responds with proper credentials.
7. Authentication server approves access.
8. Switch grants client access to this port.
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3
• The RADIUS server and client also have to support the same EAP authentication
type – MD5. (Some clients have native support in Windows, otherwise the dot1x
client must support it.)
Displaying 802.1x Global Settings
The 802.1x protocol provides client authentication.
Command Attributes
• 802.1x System Authentication Control – The global setting for 802.1x.
Web – Click Security, 802.1X, Information.
Figure 3-29. 802.1X Information
CLI – This example shows the default global setting for 802.1x.
Console#show dot1x4-82
Global 802.1X Parameters
system-auth-control: enable
802.1X Port Summary
Port Name Status Operation Mode Mode Authorized
1/1 disabled Single-Host ForceAuthorized n/a
1/2 disabled Single-Host ForceAuthorized n/a
.
.
.
802.1X Port Details
802.1X is disabled on port 1/1
802.1X is disabled on port 26
.
.
.
Console#
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3
Configuring 802.1x Global Settings
The 802.1x protocol provides client authentication.
Command Attributes
• 802.1x System Authentication Control – Sets the global setting for 802.1x.
(Default: Disabled)
Web – Select Security, 802.1x, Configuration. Enable 802.1x globally for the switch,
and click Apply.
Figure 3-30. 802.1X Configuration
CLI – This example enables 802.1x globally for the switch.
When 802.1x is enabled, you need to configure the parameters for the
authentication process that runs between the client and the switch (i.e.,
authenticator), as well as the client identity lookup process that runs between the
switch and authentication server. These parameters are described in this section.
Command Attributes
• Port – Port number.
• Status – Indicates if authentication is enabled or disabled on the port.
(Default: Disabled)
• Operation Mode – Allows single or multiple hosts (clients) to connect to an
• Max Count – The maximum number of hosts that can connect to a port when the
Multi-Host operation mode is selected. (Range: 1-1024; Default: 5)
• Mode – Sets the authentication mode to one of the following options:
- Auto – Requires a dot1x-aware client to be authorized by the authentication
server. Clients that are not dot1x-aware will be denied access.
- Force-Authorized – Forces the port to grant access to all clients, either
dot1x-aware or otherwise. (This is the default setting.)
- Force-Unauthorized – Forces the port to deny access to all clients, either
dot1x-aware or otherwise.
• Re-authen – Sets the client to be re-authenticated after the interval specified by
the Re-authentication Period. Re-authentication can be used to detect if a new
device is plugged into a switch port. (Default: Disabled)
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• Max-Req – Sets the maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit an
EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session.
(Range: 1-10; Default 2)
• Quiet Period – Sets the time that a switch port waits after the Max Request Count
has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client.
(Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 60 seconds)
• Re-authen Period – Sets the time period after which a connected client must be
• TX Period – Sets the time period during an authentication session that the switch
waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 30 seconds)
• Authorized –
- Yes – Connected client is authorized.
- No – Connected client is not authorized.
- Blank – Displays nothing when dot1x is disabled on a port.
• Supplicant – Indicates the MAC address of a connected client.
• Trunk – Indicates if the port is configured as a trunk port.
Web – Click Security, 802.1x, Port Configuration. Modify the parameters required,
and click Apply.
3
Figure 3-31. 802.1x Port Configuration
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3
CLI – This example sets the 802.1x parameters on port 2. For a description of the
additional fields displayed in this example, see “show dot1x” on page 4-82.
Access Control Lists (ACL) provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address,
protocol, Layer 4 protocol port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based
on MAC address or Ethernet type). To filter incoming packets, first create an access
list, add the required rules and then bind the list to a specific port.
Configuring Access Control Lists
An ACL is a sequential list of permit or deny conditions that apply to IP addresses,
MAC addresses, or other more specific criteria. This switch tests ingress or egress
packets against the conditions in an ACL one by one. A packet will be accepted as
soon as it matches a permit rule, or dropped as soon as it matches a deny rule. If no
rules match for a list of all permit rules, the packet is dropped; and if no rules match
for a list of all deny rules, the packet is accepted.
Command Usage
The following restrictions apply to ACLs:
• Each ACL can have up to 32 rules.
• The maximum number of ACLs is 88.
• However, due to resource restrictions, the average number of rules bound to the
ports should not exceed 20.
• This switch supports ACLs for ingress filtering only. However, you can only bind
one IP ACL to any port and one MAC ACL globally for ingress filtering. In other
words, only two ACLs can be bound to an interface - Ingress IP ACL and Ingress
MAC ACL.
The order in which active ACLs are checked is as follows:
1. User-defined rules in the Ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports.
2. User-defined rules in the Ingress IP ACL for ingress ports.
3. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress IP ACL for ingress ports.
4. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports.
5. If no explicit rule is matched, the implicit default is permit all.
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3
Setting the ACL Name and Type
Use the ACL Configuration page to designate the name and type of an ACL.
Command Attributes
• Name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters)
• Type – There are three filtering modes:
- Standard: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on the source IP address.
- Extended: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on source or destination IP
address, as well as protocol type and protocol port number. If the “TCP” protocol
is specified, then you can also filter packets based on the TCP control code.
- MAC: MAC ACL mode that filters packets based on the source or destination
MAC address and the Ethernet frame type (RFC 1060).
Web – Click Security, ACL, Configuration. Enter an ACL name in the Name field,
select the list type (IP Standard, IP Extended, or MAC), and click Add to open the
configuration page for the new list.
Figure 3-33. Selecting ACL Type
CLI – This example creates a standard IP ACL named david.
Console(config)#access-list ip standard david4-86
Console(config-std-acl)#
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3
Configuring a Standard IP ACL
Command Attributes
• Action – An ACL can contain all permit rules or all deny rules. (Default: Permit)
• Address Type – Specifies the source IP address. Use “Any” to include all possible
addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to
specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields.
(Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any)
• IP Address – Source IP address.
• Subnet Mask – A subnet mask containing four integers from 0 to 255, each
separated by a period. The mask uses 1 bits to indicate “match” and 0 bits to
indicate “ignore.” The mask is bitwise ANDed with the specified source IP address,
and compared with the address for each IP packet entering the port(s) to which this
ACL has been assigned.
Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Select the address type (Any, Host,
or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet
address and the mask for an address range. Then click Add.
Figure 3-34. Configuring Standard ACLs
CLI – This example configures one permit rule for the specific address 10.1.1.21
and another rule for the address range 168.92.16.x – 168.92.31.x using a bitmask.
• Action – An ACL can contain either all permit rules or all deny rules.
(Default: Permit rules)
• Source/Destination Address Type – Specifies the source or destination IP
address. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to specify a specific
host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the
Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any)
• Source/Destination Address – Source or destination IP address.
• Source/Destination Subnet Mask – Subnet mask for source or destination
address. (See the description for Subnet Mask on page 3-55.)
• Service Type – Packet priority settings based on the following criteria:
- Precedence – IP precedence level. (Range: 0-8)
- TOS – Type of Service level. (Range: 0-16)
- DSCP – DSCP priority level. (Range: 0-64)
• Protocol – Specifies the protocol type to match as TCP, UDP or Others, where
others indicates a specific protocol number (0-255). (Options: TCP, UDP, Others;
Default: TCP)
• Source/Destination Port – Source/destination port number for the specified
protocol type. (Range: 0-65535)
• Control Code – Decimal number (representing a bit string) that specifies flag bits
in byte 14 of the TCP header. (Range: 0-63)
• Control Code Bitmask – Decimal number representing the code bits to match.
The control bitmask is a decimal number (for an equivalent binary bit mask) that is
applied to the control code. Enter a decimal number, where the equivalent binary
bit “1” means to match a bit and “0” means to ignore a bit. The following bits may
be specified:
-1 (fin) – Finish
- 2 (syn) – Synchronize
- 4 (rst) – Reset
- 8 (psh) – Push
- 16 (ack) – Acknowledgement
- 32 (urg) – Urgent pointer
For example, use the code value and mask below to catch packets with the
following flags set:
- SYN flag valid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 2
- Both SYN and ACK valid, use control-code 18, control bitmask 18
- SYN valid and ACK invalid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 18
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Access Control Lists
Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or
destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select
“Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the
mask for an address range. Set any other required criteria, such as service type,
protocol type, or TCP control code. Then click Add.
Figure 3-35. Configuring Extended ACLs
3
CLI – This example adds two rules:
(1) Accept any incoming packets if the source address is in subnet 10.7.1.x. For
example, if the rule is matched; i.e., the rule (10.7.1.0 & 255.255.255.0) equals
the masked address (10.7.1.2 & 255.255.255.0), the packet passes through.
(2) Allow TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 to any destination
address when set for destination TCP port 80 (i.e., HTTP).
(3) Permit all TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 with the TCP control
code set to “SYN.”
Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0 any4-88
Console(config-ext-acl)#permit tcp 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any
destination-port 80
Console(config-ext-acl)#permit tcp 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any
control-flag 2 2
Console(config-std-acl)#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Configuring a MAC ACL
Command Attributes
• Action – An ACL can contain all permit rules or all deny rules.
(Default: Permit rules)
• Source/Destination Address Type – Use “Any” to include all possible addresses,
“Host” to indicate a specific MAC address, or “MAC” to specify an address range
with the Address and Bitmask fields. (Options: Any, Host, MAC; Default: Any)
• Source/Destination MAC Address – Source or destination MAC address.
• Source/Destination Bitmask – Hexidecimal mask for source or destination MAC
address.
• VID – VLAN ID. (Range: 1-4094)
• Ethernet Type – This option can only be used to filter Ethernet II formatted
packets. (Range: 0-65535)
A detailed listing of Ethernet protocol types can be found in RFC 1060. A few of the
more common types include 0800 (IP), 0806 (ARP), 8137 (IPX).
Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or
destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or MAC). If you select
“Host,” enter a specific address (e.g., 11-22-33-44-55-66). If you select “MAC,” enter
a base address and a hexidecimal bitmask for an address range. Set any other
required criteria, such as VID or Ethernet type. Then click Add.
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Figure 3-36. Configuring MAC ACLs
Page 95
Access Control Lists
3
CLI – This rule permits packets from any source MAC address to the destination
address 00-e0-29-94-34-de where the Ethernet type is 0800.
Console(config-mac-acl)#permit any host 00-e0-29-94-34-de
ethertype 08004-94
Console(config-mac-acl)#
Binding a Port to an Access Control List
After configuring Access Control Lists (ACL), you should bind them to the ports that
need to filter traffic. You can assign one IP access list to any port, but you can only
assign one MAC access list to all the ports on the switch.
Command Attributes
• Port – Fixed port or SFP module. (Range: 1-26)
• IP – Specifies the IP Access List to enable for a port.
• MAC – Specifies the MAC Access List to enable globally.
Web – Click Security, ACL, Port Binding. Mark the Enabled field for the port you
want to bind to an ACL, select the required ACL from the drop-down list, then click
Apply.
Figure 3-37. Binding a Port to an ACL
CLI – This example assigns an IP and MAC access list to port 1, and an IP access
list to port 3.
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/14-104
Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in4-90
Console(config-if)#mac access-group jerry in4-95
Console(config-if)#exit
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/3
Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in
Console(config-if)#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Filtering Addresses for Management Access
You create a list of up to 16 IP addresses or IP address groups that are allowed
access to the switch through the web interface, SNMP, or Telnet.
Command Usage
• The management interfaces are open to all IP addresses by default. Once you add
an entry to a filter list, access to that interface is restricted to the specified
addresses.
• If anyone tries to access a management interface on the switch from an invalid
address, the switch will reject the connection, enter an event message in the
system log, and send a trap message to the trap manager.
• IP address can be configured for SNMP, web and Telnet access respectively. Each
of these groups can include up to five different sets of addresses, either individual
addresses or address ranges.
• When entering addresses for the same group (i.e., SNMP, web or Telnet), the
switch will not accept overlapping address ranges. When entering addresses for
different groups, the switch will accept overlapping address ranges.
• You cannot delete an individual address from a specified range. You must delete
the entire range, and reenter the addresses.
• You can delete an address range just by specifying the start address, or by
specifying both the start address and end address.
Command Attributes
• Web IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the web group.
• SNMP IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the SNMP group.
• Telnet IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the Telnet group.
• IP Filter List – IP address which are allowed management access to this interface.
• Start IP Address – A single IP address, or the starting address of a range.
• End IP Address – The end address of a range.
• Add/Remove Filtering Entry – Adds/removes an IP address from the list.
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Filtering Addresses for Management Access
Web – Click Security, IP Filter. Enter the IP addresses or range of addresses, and
click Add IP Filtering Entry to update the filter list.
Figure 3-38. Creating a Web IP Filter List
CLI – This example allows SNMP access for a specific client.
Console(config)#management snmp-client 10.1.2.3 4-28
Console(config)#end
Console#show management all-client
Management IP Filter
HTTP-Client:
Start IP address End IP address
-----------------------------------------------
1. 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.254
SNMP-Client:
Start IP address End IP address
-----------------------------------------------
1. 10.1.2.3 10.1.2.3
TELNET-Client:
Start IP address End IP address
-----------------------------------------------
Console#
3
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Configuring the Switch
3
Port Configuration
Displaying Connection Status
You can use the Port Information or Trunk Information pages to display the current
connection status, including link state, speed/duplex mode, flow control, and
auto-negotiation.
Field Attributes (Web)
• Name – Interface label.
• Type – Indicates the port type. (100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, or SFP)
• Admin Status – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled.
• Oper Status – Indicates if the link is Up or Down.
• Speed Duplex Status – Shows the current speed and duplex mode.
(Auto, or fixed choice)
• Flow Control Status – Indicates the type of flow control currently in use.
(IEEE 802.3x, Back-Pressure or None)
• Autonegotiation – Shows if auto-negotiation is enabled or disabled.
• Trunk Member
• Creation
1: Port Information only.
2: Trunk Information only.
Web – Click Port, Port Information or Trunk Information.
1
– Shows if port is a trunk member.
2
– Shows if a trunk is manually configured or dynamically set via LACP.
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Figure 3-39. Displaying Port/Trunk Information
Page 99
Port Configuration
Field Attributes (CLI)
Basic Information:
• Port type – Indicates the port type. (100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, or SFP)
• MAC address – The physical layer address for this port. (To access this item on
the web, see “Setting the Switch’s IP Address” on page 3-12.)
Configuration:
• Name – Interface label.
• Port admin – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled (i.e., up or down).
•
Speed-duplex
• Capabilities – Specifies the capabilities to be advertised for a port during
auto-negotiation. (To access this item on the web, see “Configuring Interface
Connections” on page 3-48.) The following capabilities are supported.
- Sym - Transmits and receives pause frames for flow control
- FC - Supports flow control
• Broadcast storm – Shows if broadcast storm control is enabled or disabled.
• Broadcast storm limit – Shows the broadcast storm threshold.
(64-95232000 octets per second)
• Flow control – Shows if flow control is enabled or disabled.
• LACP – Shows if LACP is enabled or disabled.
• Port Security – Shows if port security is enabled or disabled.
• Max MAC count – Shows the maximum number of MAC address that can be
learned by a port. (0 - 1024 addresses)
• Port security action – Shows the response to take when a security violation is
detected. (shutdown, trap, trap-and-shutdown, or none)
Current Status:
• Link Status – Indicates if the link is up or down.
• Port Operation Status – Provides detailed information on port state.
(Displayed only when the link is up.)
• Operation speed-duplex – Shows the current speed and duplex mode.
• Flow control type – Indicates the type of flow control currently in use.
(IEEE 802.3x, Back-Pressure or none)
– Shows the current speed and duplex mode. (Auto, or fixed choice)
3
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Configuring the Switch
3
CLI – This example shows the connection status for Port 5.
Console#show interfaces status ethernet 1/54-111
Information of Eth 1/5
Basic information:
Port type: 100TX
Mac address: 00-30-f1-47-58-46
Configuration:
Name:
Port admin: Up
Speed-duplex: Auto
Capabilities: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full
Broadcast storm: Enabled
Broadcast storm limit: 32000 octets/second
Flow control: Disabled
Lacp: Disabled
Port security: Disabled
Max MAC count: 0
Port security action: None
Current status:
Link status: Down
Operation speed-duplex: 100full
Flow control type: None
Console#
Configuring Interface Connections
You can use the Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration page to enable/disable an
interface, set auto-negotiation and the interface capabilities to advertise, or manually
fix the speed, duplex mode, and flow control.
Command Attributes
• Name – Allows you to label an interface. (Range: 1-64 characters)
• Admin – Allows you to manually disable an interface. You can disable an interface
due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then reenable it after the
problem has been resolved. You may also disable an interface for security
reasons.
• Speed/Duplex – Allows you to manually set the port speed and duplex mode.
• Flow Control – Allows automatic or manual selection of flow control.
• Autonegotiation (Port Capabilities) – Allows auto-negotiation to be enabled/
disabled. When auto-negotiation is enabled, you need to specify the capabilities to
be advertised. When auto-negotiation is disabled, you can force the settings for
speed, mode, and flow control.The following capabilities are supported.