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225-9594
User Manual
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SKC 225-9594 User Manual

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Page 1
BioSampler
®
Operating Instructions
SKC Inc.
863 Valley View Road
Eighty Four, PA 15330 USA
Form 37084 Rev 1404
Page 2
Description
Performance Profi le
Flow Rate: Approximately 12.5 L/min Medium: Water or more viscous liquids such as ViaTrap mineral oil
†
Collection Effi ciency: Nearly 100% over a
wide range of particle sizes; decreases to approximately 90% at
0.5 μm
Pump: High-volume vacuum
pump capable of achieving sonic fl ow
† May not be suitable for PCR analysis
®
Inlet (aerosol in)
To pump
Figure 1. BioSampler with 20-ml vessel
(5-ml vessel available)
* U.S. Patent Nos. 5,902,385 and 5,904,752
Sonic Nozzles (3)
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Operation
Calibration
The BioSampler’s tangential nozzles act as sonic orifi ces. Therefore, if the pump maintains a pressure drop of 0.5 atm (15 in Hg) or more across the sampler at normal atmospheric conditions, the fl ow rate will always be the same (about
12.5 L/min) unless one or more of the nozzles become clogged. Figure 2 shows the recommended calibration set up. Calibration is particularly important when sampling in areas with non-standard temperature and pressure.
1. Connect a fl owmeter (bubble or dry-gas) to the inlet of the BioSampler.
2. Connect the outlet of the BioSampler (fi lled with collection liquid or coated) to the inlet of a liquid trap (Cat. No. 225-22) and the outlet of the trap to a vacuum pump with a vacuum pressure gauge or manometer in line.
3. Adjust the pump until sonic fl ow is achieved (vacuum gauge or manometer reads between 15 and 30).
4. Read and record fl ow rate, Q
Flow
Meter
L/min.
s
Pressure drop of
0.5 atm (15 in Hg)
Mano-
meter
Liquid
Trap
Figure 2. Calibration of BioSampler
Exhaust
Vacuum
pump
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Sampling with Collection Liquid
The BioSampler can be used for both short-term and long-term sampling depending on the collection liquid chosen.
Operating Cautions:
•Visually inspect BioSampler operation frequently, particularly when using a viscous collection liquid.
•Use only 15 ml of viscous liquid in a 20-ml vessel and 4 ml inside a 5-ml vessel.
•Use a liquid trap in line to ensure that collection liquid (particularly viscous liquid) in a BioSampler vessel does not enter the pump.
Short-term sampling (less than 30 minutes)
Use sterile distilled water or a liquid of similar viscosity such as physiological saline, phosphate buff ered saline, nutrient broth, or peptone water.
Caution: Water or water-based liquids are not recommended for sampling periods over 30 minutes or when collecting hydrophobic particles such as fungal spores.
Long-term Sampling (greater than 30 minutes)
Use a non-evaporating liquid such as ViaTrap (a special mineral oil for collecting bioaerosols) or glycerol. These liquids can be used for both long-term and short-term bioaerosol sampling. Collection effi ciency has been shown to remain essentially constant during an eight-hour sampling period.
Caution: • Glycerol is not recommended as a liquid for viable microorganism
collection because the microorganisms may die from osmotic pressure.
• ViaTrap mineral oil may not be suitable for PCR analysis.
1. Measure and record fl ow rate, Q
L/min, through the BioSampler as described
s
on page 2.
2. Sterilize all parts of the BioSampler (see Cleaning, page 6).
Note: To sterilize ViaTrap mineral oil, carefully fi lter it using a 0.4-μm pore size
sterile polycarbonate membrane. Do not autoclave ViaTrap; heating the oil will make it cloudy.
3. Aseptically pipet the appropriate amount of sterilized collection liquid into the collection vessel. Assemble a clean, sterilized inlet, nozzle, and collection vessel in an aseptic area (see Cleaning, page 6). Temporarily seal inlet and outlet of the sampler with aluminum foil or Parafi lm.
4. Warm up the vacuum pump for at least one minute before connecting it to the sampling train (see pump operating instructions).
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o
Caution: When operating correctly, the collection liquid in the BioSampler
should be swirling gently up the inner wall of the sampler, we ing it where the nozzles output onto the inner wall. It is important to
visually monitor the following:
a. That there is enough collection liquid in the vessel to wet the in-
ner wall at the location where the nozzles output onto the inner wall. If this is not occurring, add more collection liquid.
b. That there is not excessive bubbling which indicates that there
is too much collection liquid in the vessel. If excessive bubbling occurs, decrease the amount of collection liquid in the vessel.
Properly Filled
Overfi lled
Under Filled
5. When ready to sample, remove foil or Parafi lm from the BioSampler and connect the outlet to the vacuum pump.
6. Sample for the desired sampling period.
7. A er sampling is complete, record the sampling time. Volume of air passed through the BioSampler can be calculated using the formula V [Liter] = Q
[L/min] x t [min].
s
8. Disassemble the BioSampler.
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9. Accurately measure the fi nal volume of collection liquid in an aseptic area and aseptically transfer it to a sterilized container for analyses.
Note: If using a water-based liquid, do not sample at temperatures below
41 F (5 C) to avoid crystallization of the collection liquid.
Note: If sampling biologically inert particles, aseptic procedures are not
necessary.
Sampling with a Coated Collection Vessel
The BioSampler can collect samples into a collection vessel coated with a sticky non-evaporating medium. Sampling times longer than 30 minutes are not recom­mended for this method.
1. Measure and record fl ow rate, Q
L/min, through the BioSampler as described
s
on page 2.
2. Sterilize all parts of the BioSampler (see Cleaning, page 6).
3. Prepare the collection vessel by using a petroleum jelly/hexane solution (approximately 0.1 gram petroleum jelly per milliliter of hexane). Place a few drops of the solution into the collection vessel and rotate it so that its entire inner surface is we ed. Ensure that the coating covers the region where the air jets impact the inner surface of the collection vessel. The hexane will evaporate within fi ve minutes leaving a uniform sticky layer on the inner surface of the collection vessel.
Note: Alternative coating methods may be used.
4. Assemble clean, sterilized inlet and nozzle sections with the prepared collec­tion vessel in an aseptic area.
5. Warm up the vacuum pump for at least one minute before connecting it to the sampling train (see pump operating instructions).
6. Connect outlet of newly prepared BioSampler to the inlet of a liquid trap and the trap outlet to the vacuum pump.
7. Sample for the desired sampling period not exceeding 30 minutes.
8. A er sampling is complete, record the sampling time. Volume of air passed through the BioSampler can be calculated using the formula V [Liter] = Q
[L/min] x t [min].
s
9. Disassemble the BioSampler.
10. A er sampling is complete, wipe the inner surface of the collection vessel with a small piece of cloth or paper.
11. Transfer the cloth or paper sample to a laboratory for microbiological or chemical analysis.
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Transporting Samples
1. All individual sample containers should be sealed to prevent contamination during transport and properly labeled with the sample identifi cation.
2. Because many tests have very short hold times, samples should be delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible a er collection, preferably within
24 hours.
3. Provide with the samples, sample identifi cation, all pertinent sample informa- tion (e.g., sampling rate, time, and location), and analysis request. Contact the
laboratory for more specifi c requirements.
Cleaning
Sterilize all parts of the BioSampler in an autoclave or an oven heated to 320 to 356 F (160 to 180 C) for 180 to 240 minutes before each use. This will kill bacteria, fungi, and DNA.
Note: • Disassemble the sampler before sterilization to prevent the fri ed joints
• Each of the three BioSampler components feature an etched number
in each section from sticking together a er high temperature exposure.
that is unique to the sampler. Use this number to match components during reassembly for optimum fi t and performance.
Storage
• Store BioSampler components unassembled (in three pieces) to prevent future
diffi culty in separating pieces.
• Store BioSampler in a clean, cool, dry area away from temperature extremes.
Analysis
Samples collected with the BioSampler can be analyzed using:
• Growth Culture Analysis
Growth culture analysis is used to quantify and characterize airborne cultural bacteria and fungi. A portion of the liquid sample is transferred to a culture medium on which the microorganisms are grown into colonies for counting. A broad spectrum of media is generally used.
• Microscopic Analysis
Microscopic analysis is used for the enumeration and limited identifi cation of total airborne bacteria and fungi. Biological particles are diff erentiated from non-biological ones by staining techniques.
• Biochemical Assay
Biochemical assay is used to measure biological compounds such as endotox­ins. A chemical or biological substance is added to a portion of the sample. The ensuing reaction forms the basis for quantifi cation.
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• Immunoassay
Immunoassay is used for the quantifi cation of airborne allergens (e.g., dust mites and animal dander). It relies on the binding of antibodies to a specifi c target antigen. Other methods include fl uorescence, enzyme, and radioimmu- noassay.
• Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is used to screen samples for a specifi c genus or species. The PCR process is based on in-vitro replication of selected nucleic acid sequences.
Note: ViaTrap mineral oil may not be suitable for PCR analysis.
References
Macher, J.M., Chatigny, M.A., and Burge, H.A., “Sampling Airborne Microorganisms and Aeroallergens,” Air
Sampling Instruments for Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants, 8th ed., ACGIH, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1995,
pp. 589-617
Macher, J.M., “Evaluation of Bioaerosol Sampler Performance,” Applied Occupational Environmental Hygiene,
v. 12, 1997, pp. 730-736
Buttner, M.P., Willeke, K., Grinshpun, S.A., “Sampling and Analysis of Airborne Microorganisms,” Manual of
Environmental Microbiology, ASM Press, Washington, DC, 1997, pp. 629-640
Lin, X., Willeke, K., Ulevicius, V., Grinshpun, S.A., “Effect of Sampling Time on the Collection Effi ciency of
All-Glass Impingers,” Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Journal, v. 58, 1997, pp. 480-488
Willeke, K., Lin, X., and Grinshpun, S.A., “Improved Aerosol Collection by Combined Impaction and Centrifugal
Motion,” Aerosol Science and Technology, 29 (5), 1998, pp. 439-456
Lin, X., Reponen, T., Willeke, K., Grinshpun, S.A., Foarde, K.K., and Ensor, D.S., “Long Term Sampling of
Airborne Bacteria and Fungi into a Non-Evaporating Liquid,” Atmospheric Environment, 1999, pp. 4291-4298
Lin, X., Reponen, T., Willeke, K., Wang, Z., Grinshpun, S.A., and Trunov, M., “Survival of Airborne Microorgan-
isms during Swirling Aerosol Collection,” Aerosol Science and Technology, 32 (3), 2000, pp. 184-196
Willeke, K., and Macher, J. M., “Air Sampling", Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control, ACGIH, Macher, J. M.,
(editor) (1999), pp. 11-1 to 11-25
Reponen, T., Willeke, K., Grinshpun, S., and Nevalainen, A., Biological Particle Sampling. Aerosol Measurement,
Principles, Techniques, and Applications, Baron, P. Willeke, K. (eds), John Wiley & Johns, Inc, (2001), pp. 751-777
Rule, A. M., Kesavan, J., Schwab, K.J., and Buckley, T.J., “Application of Flow Cytometry for the Assessment of
Preservation and Recovery Effi ciency of Bioaerosol Samplers Spiked with Pantoea agglomerans,” Environmen- tal Science and Technology, 41 (7), 2007, pp. 2467-2472
Nevalainen, A., Willeke K., Liebhaber F., Pastuszka J., Burge H., and Henningson E., Bioaerosol Sampling: Aero-
sol Measurement Principles, Techniques, and Applications, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993, pp. 471-492
SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy
SKC products are subject to the SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy, which provides SKC’s sole liability and the buyer’s exclusive remedy. To view the com­plete SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy, go to h p://www.skcinc.com/ warranty.asp.
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BioSampler Kits and Accessories
Description Cat. No.
BioSampler, 3-piece glass including inlet section, outlet
section, and collection vessel (does not include ground joint cap); inlet and outlet sections are a matched set
20 ml 20 ml pk/4 5 ml
225-9595 225-9595K4 225-9593
BioSampler Collection Vessel (bottom) and ground joint
cap, for transporting samples
ViaTrap Collection Media,
bioaerosol sampling
BioSampler Mini Kit includes 1 BioSampler, two 20-ml collection vessels (bottoms) with caps, 1 BioSampler case with mounting rod, and 1 ViaTrap (120 ml) collection media 225-9597
BioSampler Case with Mounting Rod, case serves as a base and rod secures BioSampler during sampling 225-9606
Complete BioSampler System includes 1 BioSampler, two 20-ml collection vessels (bottoms) with caps, 1 BioSampler case with mounting rod, 1 ViaTrap (120 ml), 1 Vac-U-Go Sampler (sonic fl ow), and 1 rotameter 115 V 225-9594
Sonic Flow Pumps, for BioSampler, includes protective housing with vacuum gauge and valve, supplied without orfi ces or rotameter, AC operation only
Glass Trap, for area sampling, prevents collection liquid from entering the pump, can be used with or without sorbent 225-22
Trap Sorbent, 200 grams, silica gel/activated charcoal sorbent mix to remove vapors 225-22-02
†
special mineral oil for
20 ml 5 ml
120 ml 500 ml 950 ml
115 V 230 V
225-9596 225-9596A
225-9598A 225-9598 225-9599
228-9605 228-9610
† ViaTrap mineral oil may not be suitable for PCR analysis.
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