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Operating Instructions
Tel: 724-941-9701 Fax: 724-941-1369 e-mail: skctech@skcinc.com
863 Valley View Road, Eighty Four, PA 15330 USA
SKC Re-usable Parallel Particle Impactors (PPI)
The patented† impaction-based SKC Re-usable Parallel Particle
Impactor (PPI ) Samplers are designed to match precisely the
collection effi ciency curves for respirable and thoracic dust
specifi ed by ISO/CEN 7708:1995 and adopted by ACGIH,
CEN, and other occupational hygiene organizations. The
performance of the respirable PPI samplers also meets
the specifi cations in the 2013 OSHA Notice of Proposed
Rule Making (NPRM) for respirable crystalline silica. The
thoracic model meets the requirements of NIOSH Method
5524 for metalworking fl uids and compounds with ACGIH
thoracic TLV
®
s. Constructed of conductive aluminum, these
PPI Samplers may be re-used and off er a choice of fl ow rates
for maximum fl exibility in pump options, sample duration,
and contaminant concentration.
Performance Profi le
Sampling Rate: 2 L/min respirable or thoracic and 8 L/min
Sample Pump: • Universal or AirChek
• Leland Legacy for 8 L/min
Sample Time: Dependent on method used
Sample Media: 37-mm PVC fi lter, 5.0-μm pore size or
Impaction
Substrate: Four 3/8-in diameter pre-oiled porous plastic discs, limited shelf-life
Analysis: Gravimetric or chemical
Body Material: Conductive aluminum
Dimensions:
Height: 4.25 in (10.8 cm) - clip to exhaust
Diameter: 1.8 in (4.6 cm)
Depth: 1.2 in (3.0 cm)
Weight: 3.3 oz (93.6 gm)
respirable
®
Series for 2 L/min
37-mm PTFE fi lter,* 2.0-μm pore size (NIOSH 5524) or
37-mm MCE fi lter, 0.8-μm pore size
Use cellulose pad or stainless steel screen for support.
®
† U.S. Patent No. 7,073,402
* Back pressure on PTFE fi lters can vary within the same lot.
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Principle of Operation
Dust enters here
SKC Re-usable PPI Samplers are impaction-based
fi lter samplers that perform precise size-selection
for either thoracic or respirable dust, depending
on the model. PPI Samplers contain four small
Inlet plate
impactors in the inlet section of the device. Each
impactor features a unique 50% cut-point to target
a specifi c one-quarter segment of the ISO/CEN
curve resulting in a precise fi t along the entire
curve. A sample pump operating at 2 or 8 L/min
(2 L/min only for thoracic) pulls air through the
inlet nozzle of each impactor in the inlet plate.
Particles larger than each impactor’s 50% cutpoint are scrubbed and retained by impaction
Impaction
substrates (4)
Standard 37-mm
collection fi lter
and support pad
onto the porous oiled impaction substrate
contained in each impactor. Smaller particles
continue to the standard 37-mm collection fi lter
Base plate with
exhaust to pump
for analysis. See www.skcinc.com/prod/225-380.
asp for performance graphs.
Media Preparation
Filters: Condition and weigh fi lters according to method used. Record the weight
as the pre-sample weight.
Impaction Substrate: Using an oiled impaction substrate reduces particle
bounce. Replacement pre-oiled disposable porous plastic discs are available as SKC Cat.
No. 225-388 (pk/200).
Inserting a Collection Filter into the PPI
The PPI will arrive already assembled. Disassemble it to
insert collection fi lter.
1. Unscrew and remove two screws that hold the inlet
plate to the base plate.
2. Li off inlet plate to expose impaction plate.
3. Li off impaction plate to expose base plate.
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4. Using forceps, insert a 37-mm support pad and a 37-mm collection fi lter into
the base plate.
Inserting Impaction Substrates into the PPI
1. Ensure a support and collection fi lter have been loaded into the base plate
(see Inserting a Collection Filter).
2. Using forceps, insert a pre-oiled impaction sub-
strate into each of the four indentations in the
impaction plate.
Impaction substrates have a smooth/shiny side and
a rough/dull side. For optimum particle capture
effi ciency, place substrate smooth/shiny-side down
in the impaction plate.
3. Align pins in inlet plate with holes in impaction
plate and press together.
Pins will allow impactor to be assembled one
way only.
4. Grip impaction plate and inlet plate together and
twist on base plate until screw holes are aligned.
5. Replace and tighten two screws to secure inlet plate
to base plate.
Technical Tidbits:
• Use forceps to carefully insert or remove impaction substrate and collection
fi lter. See Accessories for forceps.
• SKC recommends using new impaction substrates for each sample period.
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Calibration and Sampling
As the particle load on the fi lter increases during sampling, the pressure drop will
also increase. Therefore, use a compensating sample pump such as the AirChek
Series or Leland Legacy depending on fl ow rate requirements.
Calibration
Option 1: Using a Calibration Jar
Calibrate pump fl ow rate with the PPI (support, fi lter, and impaction substrates
loaded) in line. See pump and calibrator operating instructions.
1. Ensure impactor is loaded with a support, collection fi lter, and impaction
substrates and that it is fully assembled (see Inserting a Collection Filter into the
PPI and Inserting Impaction Substrates into the PPI).
2. Use a calibration jar to calibrate pump fl ow rate.
a. Unscrew jar lid and remove.
b. Using supplied adapter, a ach so tubing end to PPI outlet. A ach
rigid end of adapter to Luer adapter in center of jar lid.
c. With PPI a ached, place lid on jar and screw
down until tight.
d. A ach center tubing on outside of jar lid to pump
inlet.
e. Use 1/4-inch tubing to a ach calibrator to barbed elbow fi ing on
outside of jar lid.
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3. Calibrate the sample pump to the specifi ed fl ow
rate. See sample pump and calibrator operating
instructions.
4. Disconnect tubing and remove calibration jar and calibrator when
calibration is completed.
Option 2: Jarless Calibration
This calibration option is recommended when using a Defender primary standard
calibrator to calibrate personal air sample pumps for size-selective particulate sampling
using particulate samplers that do not have a calibration adapter.
1. Use a length of fl exible tubing to a ach the inlet of
the sample pump to the suction port of a Defender
calibrator.
2. Use the shortest length of tubing possible to a ach
the outlet of the PPI sampler to the pressure port of
the Defender.
3. Set the Defender to take at least 20 fl ow measurements in order to average
out the fl ow variations caused by direct connection of the pump to the
calibrator. See calibrator operating instructions for details.
Sampling
1. If required, replace representative sample media used for calibration with
new, pre-weighed media (see Media Preparation).
2. Record sample start time on label.
3. Clip PPI onto a worker’s collar or lapel in the breathing zone or in the area to
be sampled.
4. Clip sample pump at the worker’s waist or close to the PPI.
5. Use fl exible tubing to a ach the PPI outlet to the inlet of the sample pump.
6. Turn on pump and record pertinent sample data.
7. A er the desired sample time has elapsed, turn off the pump and record
sample stop time.
8. Reinstate calibration train and verify fl ow rate (see Calibration).
9. Remove pump and tubing from the impactor.
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Removing the Collection Filter and Impaction Substrates
1. Unscrew and remove the two screws that hold the
inlet plate to the base plate.
2. Li off inlet plate to expose impaction plate.
3. Use a thin, fl at implement to remove impaction
substrates and discard.
4. Li off impaction plate to expose base plate.
5. Use forceps to remove collection fi lter and place in
an appropriate container for shipment to a laboratory.
Transporting Samples and Analysis
Package and transport samples and blanks in a manner that will prevent sample
loss and contamination and send to an accredited laboratory for gravimetric or
chemical analysis.
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Cleaning
For optimum performance, the PPI inlet, impaction, and base plates should be
cleaned a er fi ve runs or upon a noticeable buildup of material to remove oil
and other residue built up from frequent sampling. Disassemble the PPI and
wash parts in water with a liquid detergent or soap. Rinse and air-dry all parts
thoroughly in a clean environment.
Do not place any mechanical object in the inlet nozzles.
References
Trakumas, S., Hall, P., Personal Respirable Sampler Containing Four Impactors Arranged in Parallel,
Abstracts of 23rd Annual AAAR Conference, Atlanta, GA, 2004, p. 78
Trakumas, S., Salter, E., “Parallel Particle Impactor - Novel Size-selective Particle Sampler for
Accurate Fractioning of Inhalable Particles,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 151 (2009), 16 pp.,
012060, www.skcinc.com/instructions/Parallel Particle Impactor Paper.pdf
Reference 2 is an author-created, un-copyrighted version of an article accepted
for publication in the Journal of Physics; Conference Series 151. IOP Publishing Ltd. is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the
manuscript or any version derived from it. The defi nitive publisher authenti-
cated version is available online. Go to h p://dx.doi.org, enter doi: 10.1088/1742-
6596/151/1/012060.
Trakumas, S., “High-fl ow Personal Respirator Dust Sampler for Increased Sensitivity,” Poster 261,
AIHce 2010, Denver, CO
Trakumas, S., “High-fl ow Personal Sampler to Monitor Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica at
New Lower TLV,” IOHA 2010 8th Conference Book of Abstracts, Rome, p. 59
Trakumas, S., Salter, E., “High-Flow Personal Sampler to Monitor Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica at New Lower TLV” PowerPoint Presentation
2013 OSHA Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM), h ps://www.osha.gov/silica/nprm.pdf
ISO 7708:1995 (2008), Air Quality — Particle Size Fraction Defi nitions for Health-related
Sampling, www.iso.org, search on 7708
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Ordering Information
PPI Samplers, require fi lter, substrates, and support Cat. No.
Respirable PPI (gold), 2 L/min 225-380
Thoracic PPI (blue), 2 L/min 225-381
Respirable PPI (red), 8 L/min 225-383
Recommended Collection Filters for PPI, required for sampling
Select a fi lter based on your application.
PVC Filters, 37 mm, 5.0-μm pore size, pk/100 225-5-37
PTFE Filters,*
for metalworking fl uids (NIOSH 5524), pk/50 225-27-07
MCE Filters, 37 mm, 0.8-μm pore size, pk/100 225-5
Filter Supports, required for sampling. Select either cellulose or stainless steel.
Support Pads, cellulose, 37 mm, pk/100 225-27
Support Screen, stainless steel, 37 mm, wide mesh, ea 225-26
Impaction Substrates, four required for each sample
Porous Plastic Discs,
disposable, pk/200
Limited shelf-life 225-388
Accessories
Multi-purpose Calibration Jar 225-111
Forceps, stainless steel, with non-serrated fl at tips 225-8371
Filter-Keeper
* Back pressure on PTFE fi lters can vary within the same lot.
§ If using PTFE Filter Cat. No. 225-27-07 as specifi ed in NIOSH 5524 for Metalworking Fluids, follow the procedure
in NIOSH Dra Appendix for NIOSH 5524 at www.skcinc.com/instructions/38030.pdf to mitigate problems with
weight instability and subsequent high blanks following extraction. Failure to follow the procedure in the NIOSH
Dra Appendix will result in invalid samples.
§
37 mm, 2.0-μm pore size, with laminated PTFE support,
3
/8-inch diameter, pre-oiled, ready-to-use,
™
, for transporting and storing 37-mm fi lter samples, pk/10 225-8303A
For Disposable PPI Samplers,
visit www.skcinc.com/prod/225-3841.asp.
SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy
SKC products are subject to the SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy, which
provides SKC’s sole liability and the buyer’s exclusive remedy. To view the complete SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy, go to h p://www.skcinc.com/
warranty.asp.
www.skcinc.com
Form 38038 Rev 1402
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