Simrad PI44 Installation Manual

Installation manual
Simrad PI44 Catch monitoring system
www.simrad.com
M A X I M I Z I N G Y O U R P E R F O R M A N C E A T S E A
851-165101 / Rev.A
Simrad PI44
Catch monitoring system
NOTICE
Operation of the PI44 system assumes that the communication between the Operator Unit and the sensors is fully functional. Ensure that the communication channels defined on the Operator Unit matches those of the sensors.
About this document
Rev Date Written by Checked by Approved by
Rev.A
03.06.05 RBr KR KR
Original issue.
© 2005 Simrad AS ISBN 82-8066-048-8 All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be
reproduced or otherwise copied without prior permission from Simrad AS. The information contained in this document is subject to change without prior notice.
Simrad AS shall not be liable for errors contained herein,or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this document.
The equipment to which this manual applies must only be used for the purpose for which itwasdesigned.Improperuseormaintenancemay causedamagetotheequipment or injury topersonnel. The usermustbefamiliar with the contentsof the appropriate manuals before attempting to operate or work on the equipment. Simrad AS disclaims any responsibility fordamageorinjurycausedbyimproperinstallation,useormaintenanceoftheequipment.
If you require maintenance on your Simrad equipment, contact your local dealer. You can also contact Simrad using the following e-mail address: fish-support@simrad.com
Sections
1Introduction
This section provides a general introduction to the PI44 installation. Refer to page 1.
2 Echo sounder transducer installation
This section provides general guidelines for the installation of the optional echo sounder transducer. Refer to page 18.
3 Purse hydrophone installation
This section provides general guidelines for the installation of the PI44 purse seine hydrophone. Refer to page 42.
4 Trawl hydrophone installation
This section provides general guidelines for the installation of the PI44 trawl hydrophone. Refer to page 79.
Installation manual
5 Portable hydrophone
This section provides general guidelines for the use of the PI44 portable hydrophone. Refer to page 120.
6OperatorUnit
This section explains how to install the PI44 Operator Unit cabinet. Refer to page 127.
7Sensors
This section provides an introduction to PI44 sensors and the configuration of these. Refer to page 133.
8 Cable layout
This section details all cabling. Refer to page 142.
9Interfacesetup
This section explains how to connect external equipment, such as navigation and positioning sensors. Refer to page 165.
10 Installing sensor adapters
This section explains how to install the PI Spread and PI Remote sensors on the trawl doors. Refer to page 179.
11 Software updates
If you need to upgrade the software in your PI44 Operator Unit, the necessary procedures can be found here. Refer to page 194.
851-165101 / Rev.A
I
Simrad PI44
1 INTRODUCTION 1.........................................
System diagram 2..........................................
Scope of supply 3..........................................
Supply conditions 5........................................
General installation requirements 6............................
Equipment handling 7......................................
11 TRANSDUCER INSTALLATION 18..........................
Purpose 18................................................
Transducer location 19.......................................
External mounting 23........................................
Transducer blister 28........................................
Box keel 33...............................................
Cable glands 35............................................
Cable in steel conduit 39.....................................
Handling and maintenance 40.................................
Approved anti-fouling paints 41...............................
12 PURSE SEINE HYDROPHONE 42...........................
Purpose 42................................................
Installation precautions 43....................................
Considerations 44...........................................
Pre-installation check-list 48..................................
Optimal location of purse seine hydrophones 50...................
Coverage area, orientation and tilt 51...........................
Mounting arrangement 54....................................
Dual hydrophone installation 57...............................
Hydrophone protection 59....................................
Hydrophone cable 62........................................
Installation drawings 67......................................
13 TRAWL HYDROPHONE 79...................................
Purpose 79................................................
Installation precautions 80....................................
Considerations 81...........................................
Pre-installation check-list 86..................................
Optimal location of trawl hydrophones 88.......................
Coverage area, orientation and tilt 91...........................
Mounting arrangement 95....................................
Dual hydrophone installation 101...............................
Hydrophone protection 102....................................
Hydrophone cable 105........................................
II
851-165101 / Rev.A
Installation manual
Installation drawings 110......................................
14 PORTABLE HYDROPHONE 120...............................
Purpose 120................................................
General guidelines 121........................................
Deployment over the side 122..................................
Paravane arrangement 123.....................................
Portable hydrophone storage 126................................
15 OPERATOR UNIT 127.........................................
Purpose 127................................................
Installation choices 128.......................................
16 SENSORS 133.................................................
Introducing the sensors 134....................................
Sensor configuration 139......................................
8 CABLE LAYOUT 142..........................................
System cabling 143..........................................
Cable plan 144..............................................
Cable specifications 146......................................
Basic cabling requirements 162.................................
19 INTERFACE SETUP 165.......................................
Hydrophones 166............................................
Echo sounder transducers 167..................................
Positioning and navigation data 170.............................
Water depth, speed and temperature 173..........................
Data output on NMEA format 177..............................
NMEA Interface verification 178................................
20 INSTALLING SENSOR ADAPTORS 179......................
Introduction 179.............................................
Installation keypoints 180.....................................
Before work begins 183.......................................
Procedure 183...............................................
21 SOFTWARE UPDATES 194....................................
Overview 194...............................................
DSP Software upgrade 195....................................
MMI Software upgrade 199....................................
PI DSP Upload 202..........................................
851-165101 / Rev.A
III
Simrad PI44
IV
851-165101 / Rev.A
Introduction
1INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this manual is to provide the information and basic drawings required for installation of the Simrad PI44 catch monitoring system. These instructions must be followed carefully to ensure optimal system performance. As a guide, installation procedures are presented in the order they are to be performed. After installation, this document must be stored on board the vessel for later reference when updating or servicing the equipment.
Note: The installer is responsible for the equipment during the
installation. The guarantee is only valid when the installation is made in accordance with this manual.
Topics
System diagram, page 2 Scope of supply, page 3 Supply conditions, page 5 General installation requirements, page 6 Equipment handling, page 7
851-165101 / Rev.A
1
Simrad PI44
System diagram
(A) = Operator Unit (B) = PI charger (C) = Hydrophone
(provides communication with the sensors)
(D) = Optional echo sounder transducer. Several types are available.
(E) = Sensors mounted on the net. Maximum six sensors may be used simultanously, and several types are available.
(F) = Interfaces to external sensors (serial lines, NMEA format)
(G) = DC power input
2
851-165101 / Rev.A
Introduction
Scope of supply
Main units
The standard Simrad PI44 catch monitoring system is comprised of the following main units. All must be ordered separately.
Unit Order number
Operator Unit PI3--208872
Hydrophone, purse seine HYD--202711
Hydrophone, trawl HYD--205254
Hydrophone, portable HYD--202713
Paravane kit for portable hydrophone KIT--207284
+24 Vdc 5 A Power supply (230 vac) 290--076359
+13,2 Vdc 10 A Power supply (230 vac) 290--087521
Echo sounder transducers
The echo sounder transducers are optional. Note that only one of the echo sounder transducers is required. Only the transducers recommended by Simrad for use with the PI44 system are listed.
Transducer Order number
38/200 Combi C KSV--202192
38/200 Combi D KSV--203004
38/200 Combi W KSV--208845
50/200 Combi C KSV--202193
50/200 Combi D KSV--203005
Sensors
The Simrad PI44 catch monitoring system can operate with six sensors simultanously. Several sensor types are available.
Sensor Order number
PI Bottom Contact sensor PI3--207642
851-165101 / Rev.A
PI Catch sensor PI3--207641
PI Depth sensor, 300 m PI3--207637
PI Depth sensor, 600 m PI3--207638
PI Depth sensor, 1000 m PI3--207639
PI Height sensor PI3--280002
PI Spread sensor PI3--206869
3
Simrad PI44
Sensor Order number
PI Twin Spread sensor PI3--206896
PI Remote 1 sensor PI3--206870
PI Remote 2 sensor PI3--206871
PI Remote 3 sensor PI3--206872
PI Remote 4 sensor PI3--206885
PI Temperature sensor PI3--207640
Sensor chargers
In order to charge the PI44 sensor batteries, the following charger is available.
Sensor Order number
PI Sensor charger LAD--207624
4
851-165101 / Rev.A
Introduction
Supply conditions
The following supply conditions are applicable to standard Simrad PI44 deliveries and associated optional equipment.
Equipment responsibility
The shipyard performing the installation and/or dealer becomes fully responsible for the equipment upon receipt unless otherwise stated in the contract. The duration of responsibility includes:
The period of time the equipment is stored locally before installation.
During the entire installation process.
While commissioning the equipment.
The period of time between commissioning and the final
acceptance of the equipment by the end user (normally the owner of the vessel which the equipment has been installed).
The Simrad PI44 system guarantee period (as specified in the contract) begins when the acceptance documents have been signed unless other arrangements have been made in the contract.
Receipt, unpacking and storage
Upon accepting shipment of the equipment, the shipyard and/or the dealer should ensure that the delivery is complete and inspect each shipping container for evidence of physical damage. If this inspection reveals any indication of crushing, dropping, immersion in water or any other form of damage, the recipient should request that a representative from the company used to transport the equipment be present during unpacking.
All equipment should be inspected for physical damage, i.e. broken controls and indicators, dents, scratches etc. during unpacking. If any damage to the equipment is discovered, the recipient should notify both the transportation company and Simrad so that Simrad can arrange for replacement or repair of the damaged equipment.
Once unpacked, the equipment must be stored in a controlled environment with an atmosphere free of corrosive agents, excessive humidity or temperature extremes. The equipment must be covered to protect it from dust and other forms of contamination when stored.
851-165101 / Rev.A
5
Simrad PI44
General installation requirements
Responsibility and approval
The Simrad PI44’s hydrophone and echo sounder i nstallation must be approved on a case-by-case basis with regard to the vessel’s national registry and corresponding maritime authority. The shipowner and shipyard performing the installation are responsible for obtaining installation approval.
Environmental requirements
All equipment, unless otherwise specified, must be protected from temperature extremes and excessive humidity.
Compass deviation
Once the installation is complete, the vessel must be swung with the PI44 system in both the operative and inoperative modes. The shipowner and captain are responsible for updating the deviation table accordingly with regard to the vessel’s national registry and corresponding maritime authority.
Noise sources
The vessel’s hull, rudder(s) and propeller(s) should be thoroughly inspected in dry dock prior to installation. Roughness below the water-line deformities in the shell plating and protruding obstacles can create underwater noise. These sources of turbulence must be smoothed or removed as best as possible. It is especially important that the propeller(s) is not pitted or damaged.
Dry docking
Make sure that ample clearance under the hydrophone and e cho sounder transducer is provided when dry docking the vessel. Avoid locating supporting blocks or structures in the vicinity of this equipment.
Note: The location of the hydrophone and echo sounder transducer
must be noted on the vessel’s docking plan for future reference.
Wiring
The cables from the wheelhouse to the hydrophone and echo sounder transducer must be supported and protected along its entire length using conduits and/or cable trays. Note that the cables must not be installed in the vicinity of high-power supplies and cables, antenna cables or other possible sources of interferences.
6
851-165101 / Rev.A
Introduction
Equipment handling
The units may be supplied as spare parts, or as parts of a delivery.
Transportation
Unless otherwise stated in the accompanying documentation, electronic, electro-mechanical and mechanical units supplied by Simrad can be transported using all methods approved for delicate equipment; (by road, rail, air or sea). The units are to be transported in accordance with general or specific i nstructions for the appropriate unit(s), using pallets, transport cases, or carton boxes as appropriate.
Note: Special local restrictions concerning air transportation may be
applied to units containing certain types of batteries. The units should be checked and the regulations investigated by the packer/shipper before the unit is dispatched.
All local transportation must be carried out according to the same specifications as for the initial delivery. In general, all units must be handled with care. The carton or case containing the equipment must be kept dry at all times, and must be sheltered from the weather. It must not be subjected to shocks, excessive vibration or other rough handling.
The carton or case will normally be marked with text or symbols indicating which way up it is to be placed. Follow any instructions given and ensure the case is always placed with its “top” uppermost.
The carton or case must not be used for any purpose for which it was not intended (step, table, etc.), and in the absence of other information, no other cartons or cases must be stacked on top of it.
Lifting
A heavy crate will normally be marked with its weight, and the weights of other cartons or crates will normally be entered on the packing list.
851-165101 / Rev.A
Always check the weight of a crate before attempting to lift it.
Always use lifting apparatus that is certified for the load.
7
Simrad PI44
Heavy units may be equipped with lifting lugs for transportation by crane within the workshop or installation area. Before a crane is used, check:
The applicable weight certificate for the crane.
The security of the lifting lugs.
Ensure that all available lifting lugs are used. Ensure the unit remains under control during the operation to avoid damage to the unit, equipment or personnel.
Heavy units may be transported using a fork-lift truck. Special attention must then be paid to the position of the unit’s centre of gravity. The units must be properly secured to the truck.
Initial preservation
When a system, a unit or a spare part has been delivered to the customer, it may be subject to long-time storage prior to installation and use. During this storage period, certain specifications must be met.
The equipment must be preserved and stored in such a way that it does not constitute any danger to health, environment or personal injury.
Specific specifications are presented below.
For further information about storage, refer to page 12. For further information about re-packing, refer to page 15. For further information about temperature protection, refer to
page 17.
Preserving the original packing crate
1 The equipment must be stored in its original transportation
crate.
2 Ensure that the units are clearly separated in the shelves
and that each unit is easily identifiable.
3 The crate must not be used for any purpose for which it
was not intended (eg. work platform etc.).
4 The crates must not be placed on top of each other, unless
specific markings permit this.
5 The crates must not be placed directly on a dirt-floor. 6 Do not open the crate for inspection unless special
circumstances permit so.
- “Special circumstances” may be suspected damage to the crate and its content, or inspections by civil authorities.
8
851-165101 / Rev.A
Introduction
- If any units are damaged, prepare an inspection report stating the condition of the unit and actions taken. Describe the damage and collect photographic evidence if possible. Re-preserve the equipment.
- If the units are not damaged, check the humidity absorbing material. If required, dry or replace the bags, then repack the unit(s) according to the packing instructions.
7 If the crate has been opened, make sure that is it closed
and sealed after the inspection.
- Use the original packing material as far as possible.
Refer to information on page 15.
Ambient temperature and humidity during storage
1 The storage room/area must be dry, with a non-condensing
atmosphere. It must be free from corrosive agents.
2 The storage area’s mean temperature must not be lower
than -30°C, and not warmer than +70° C.
- If other limitations apply, the crates will be marked accordingly.
Note: Transducers must not be stored in temperatures below -20°C, or
higher than +60°C.
3 The crate must not be exposed to moisture from fluid
leakages.
4 The crate must not be exposed to direct sunlight or
excessive warmth from heaters.
Shock and vibration during storage
1 The crate must not be subjected to excessive shock and
vibration.
851-165101 / Rev.A
ESD precautions during storage
Refer to the information on page 16.
If the unit contains normal batteries, these may have been disconnected/isolated before the unit was packed. These must only be reconnected before the installation starts. Units containing batteries are marked.
9
Simrad PI44
Caution: Units containing lithium or alkaline batteries must be
handled separately and with care. Such units are marked accordingly. Do not attempt to recharge such batteries, open them or dispose of them by incineration. Refer to the applicable product data sheets.
Inspection and unpacking
An inspection must be carried out immediately after the unit(s) have arrived at their destination.
Check all wooden or cardboard boxes, plastic bags and pallets for physical damage. Look for signs of dropping, immersion in water or other mishandling.
If damage is detected externally, you will have to open the packaging to check the contents.
- Request a representative of the carrier to be present while
the carton is opened, so any transportation damage can be identified.
If any units are damaged, prepare an inspection report stating the condition of the unit and actions taken. Describe the damage and collect photographic evidence if possible. Send the inspection report to Simrad as soon as possible.
If the units are not damaged, check the humidity absorbing material. If required, dry or replace the bags, then repack the unit(s) according to the packing instructions.
Inspection and unpacking: General procedure
Normal precautions for the handling, transportation and storage of fragile electronic equipment must be undertaken.
Note: If the unit is not to be prepared for immediate use, you may
consider storing it unopened in its original packing material. However, it may be useful to open the case to check its contents for damage and retrieve any accompanying documentation.
10
Check the carton before opening it to ensure it shows no signs of dropping, immersion in water or other mishandling.
- If the carton shows signs of such damage, refer to the
paragraph covering Inspection on receipt.
851-165101 / Rev.A
Introduction
Place the carton on a stable work bench or on the floor with the top of the carton uppermost.
In the absence of other instructions, always open the top of the carton first. The contents will normally have been lowered into the carton from above, so this will usually be the easiest route to follow.
- Care must be used when opening the carton to ensure the
contents are not damaged.
Caution: Do not use a knife to open cardboard cartons - the
contents may lie close to the surface, and may be damaged by the blade.
If the carton has been closed using staples, remove the staples from the carton as you open it. This will reduce the possibilities of scratch injury to yourself and damage to the contents.
If a wooden crate has been closed using screws, always remove them using a screw-driver. Do not attempt to prise the lid off with a crow-bar or similar.
Once the carton is open, carefully remove all loose packing and insulation material. Check for manuals and other documents that may have been added to the carton during packing, and put these to one side. Check also for special tools, door keys etc.
Unpacking electronic and electro-mechanical units
Caution: Beware of the dangers of Electro-Static Discharge
(ESD) both to yourself and to the equipment, when handling electronic units and components. Refer to the precautions starting on page 16.
Electronic and electro-mechanical units will normally be wrapped in a clear plastic bag. Lift the unit, in its bag, out of the carton and place it in a stable position on the floor/work bench.
Inspect the unit for damage before opening the plastic bag.
Note: Cables must never be used as carrying handles or lifting points.
851-165101 / Rev.A
11
Simrad PI44
Note: Do not break the seal to open a circuit board package before the
board is to be used. If the board package is returned to the manufacturers with the seal broken, the contents will be assumed to have been used and the customer will be billed accordingly.
Assuming all is well, open the bag and remove the unit. Open the unit and check inside. Remove any packing and
desiccant material that may be inside.
Unpacking mechanical units
Mechanical units may be heavy. Using a suitably certified lifting apparatus, lift the unit out of the crate and place it in a stable position on the floor/work bench.
Inspect the unit for damage and remove any packing material that may be inside the unit.
Unpacking transducers
Transducers may be supplied mounted to a hull unit (if any), or packed separately. Crates are normally identified by the order number and the serial number.
The transducer face must be protected by a rigid, padded cover (e.g. a wooden box lined with foam rubber) all the time it is exposed to the risk of physical damage.
Note: Once the units are unpacked, great care must be taken to ensure
that transducers and cabling are not exposed to any mechanical stress.
Re-packaging
If the unit is not to be installed immediately, re-pack it in its original packing material to prevent damage in the intervening period.
12
Refer to the information on page 15.
Pre-installation storage
The equipment should be stored in its original transportation crate until ready for installation. The crate must not be used for any purpose for which it was not intended (eg. work platform etc.).
851-165101 / Rev.A
Introduction
Once unpacked, the equipment must be kept in a dry, non condensing atmosphere, free from corrosive agents and isolated from sources of vibration.
Note: Do not break the seal to open a circuit board package before the
board is to be used. If the board package is returned to the manufacturers with the seal broken, the contents will be assumed to have been used and the customer will be billed accordingly.
The unit must be installed in its intended operating position as soon as possible after unpacking.
If the unit contains normal batteries, these may have been disconnected/isolated before the unit was packed. These must then be reconnected during the installation procedure. Units containing batteries are marked.
Caution: Units containing lithium or alkaline batteries must be
handled separately and with care. Such units are marked accordingly. Do not attempt to recharge such batteries, open them or dispose of them by incineration. Refer to the applicable product data sheets.
After use storage
If a unit is removed from its operating location and placed into storage, it must be properly cleaned and prepared before packing.
Cleaning cabinets
If a cabinet has been exposed to salt atmosphere while it was in use, it must be thoroughly cleaned both i nternally and externally to prevent corrosion.
Wipe the cabinet externally using a damp cloth and a little detergent. Do not use excessive amounts of water as the unit may not be water tight. On completion, dry the unit thoroughly.
851-165101 / Rev.A
All surfaces must be inspected for signs of corrosion, eg. flaking/bubbling paint, stains etc. Damaged or suspect areas must be cleaned, prepared and preserved using the correct preservation mediums for the unit. The mediums to be used will usually be defined in the units’ maintenance manual.
13
Simrad PI44
Open the unit, and using a vacuum cleaner, remove all dust etc. from the unit. Great care must be taken to ensure the circuit boards and modules are not damaged in the process.
Mechanical units
If a mechanical unit may have been exposed to a salt atmosphere while it was in use, it must be thoroughly cleaned both internally and externally to prevent corrosion.
If the construction materials and type of unit permits, wash the unit using a high-pressure hose and copious amounts of fresh water.
Examples:
- The lower parts of hull units (outside the hull)
- Subsea units
Ensure that all traces of mud and marine growth are removed. Use a wooden or plastic scraper to remove persistent growth, barnacles etc. On completion, dry the unit thoroughly.
Caution: Do not use a high pressure hose in the vicinity of cables
or transducers. Do not use sharp or metal tools on a transducer face.
If the materials or type of unit prevents the use of a high-pressure hose, wipe the unit using a cloth dampened with water containing a little detergent.
Examples:
- The upper parts of hull units (inside the hull)
- Hydraulic systems
Do not use excessive amounts of water as some components on the unit may not be water tight. Wipe off the detergent with a damp cloth, then dry the unit thoroughly.
All surfaces must be inspected for signs of corrosion, eg. flaking/bubbling paint, stains etc. Damaged or suspect areas must be cleaned, prepared and preserved using the correct preservation mediums. The mediums to be used will normally be defined in the unit’s maintenance manual.
14
Cables
Wipe clean all exposed cables, and check for damage. If a cable shows signs of wear or ageing, contact Simrad for advice.
851-165101 / Rev.A
Introduction
Internal batteries
If the unit contains batteries, these may discharge slowly during storage. If the unit is to be stored for an extended period, disconnect or remove all internal batteries.
A suitable piece of insulating material can be placed between the battery and the electrical contacts to prevent electrical discharge. The battery can then remain in the unit, reducing the risk of it being misplaced during the storage period.
Caution: Units containing lithium or alkaline batteries must be
handled separately and with care. Such units are marked accordingly. Do not attempt to recharge such batteries, open them or dispose of them by incineration. Refer to the applicable product data sheets.
Dehumidifier
Place a suitably sized bag of desiccant material (silica gel or similar) into the unit to keep the electronic components as dry as possible.
Coatings
Spray the unit externally with a corrosion inhibitor (e.g. a light oil) before packing.
Re-packing
The unit should be stored and transported in its original packing material and/or crate. In the event that this material is not available, proceed as follows:
Small units must be protected from damp by being placed within a plastic bag at least 0.15 mm thick. An appropriate quantity of desiccant material should be placed inside this bag, and the bag sealed. The sealed unit must then be placed in an appropriate carton or crate, and supported in the container by appropriate shock-absorbing insulation (polystyrene foam chips etc.).
851-165101 / Rev.A
Large units must be placed in a suitable cardboard box or wooden crate. The unit must be protected against physical damage by means of shock-absorbing insulation mats. The box must be clearly marked with its contents, and must be stored in a dry and dust-free area.
15
Simrad PI44
ESD precautions
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) is the transfer of an electrostatic charge between two bodies at different electrostatic potentials, caused either by direct contact or induction by an electrostatic field.
The passing of a charge through an electronic device can cause localised overheating, and it can also “puncture” insulating layers within the structure of the device. This may deposit a conductive residue of the vaporised metal on the device, and thus create a short circuit. This may result in a catastrophic failure, or degraded performance of the device.
Sensitive electronic equipment must be transported and stored in protective packing bags, boxes and cabinets. The equipment must NOT be transported or stored close to strong electrostatic, electro-magnetic or radioactive fields.
If it is necessary to open and touch the electronics inside the boxes/cabinets, then the following precautions MUST be taken:
The working area must be covered by an approved conductive service mat that has a resistance of between 50k and2M, and is connected directly to a reliable earth point via its earthing cord.
The service personnel involved must wear a wrist-band in direct contact with the skin, connected to the service mat.
Printed circuit boards and other components should be placed on the conductive service mat during installation, maintenance etc.
Caution: If, for any reason, it is necessary to move the circuit
board or components from the conductive service mat, they must be placed in an approved anti-static transportation container (e.g. static shielding bag) before transportation.
During installation and servicing, all electrical equipment (soldering irons, test equipment etc.) must be earthed.
16
851-165101 / Rev.A
Temperature protection
If the unit must be protected against extremes of temperature, the carton/crate must be lined on all walls, base and lid with 5 cm thick polyurethane or polystyrene foam.
These units will be identified as delicate i n the applicable documentation.
The package must then be clearly marked:
Note: Must not be transported or stored in temperatures
below -5 degrees Celsius.
Other units can normally be stored in temperatures between -30° C and +70° C, refer t o the system’s technical specifications for details.
Introduction
Transducers must not be stored in temperatures below -20°C and above +60°C.
851-165101 / Rev.A
17
Simrad PI44
2 TRANSDUCER INSTALLATION
Purpose
Due to the fact that several transducer types may be used with the PI44 system, you will need to read the installation manual for the chosen transducer. The information provided in this chapter will only provide general information. Refer to the installation manuals provided with the transducers for more specific information.
The PI44 can be used with maximum two transducers simultanously, one low frequency (38 or 50 kHz) and one high frequency (200 kHz). We recommend that any one of the following transducers are used:
Simrad 38-200 Combi C (dual frequency)
Simrad 38-200 Combi D (dual frequency)
Simrad 38-200 Combi W (dual frequency, wide beam)
Other transducers may also be used. Budget transducers designed for leasure crafts are however not recommended for professional fishery applications.
Topics
Transducer location, page 19 External mounting (Combi C and D), page 23 Blister mounting (Combi W), page 28 Cable glands, page 35 Cable in steel conduit, page 39 Handling and maintenance, page 40 Approved anti-fouling paints, page 41
Related topics
Purse seine hydrophone installation, page 42 Trawl hydrophone installation, page 79 Portable hydrophone, page 120
18
851-165101 / Rev.A
Transducer installation
Transducer location
General
A single answer to the question where to locate the transducer cannot be given. It depends very much on the vessel’s construction. However, there are some important guide lines.
Go deep
The upper water layers of the sea contain a myriad of small air bubbles created by the breaking waves. In heavy seas the uppermost 5 to 10 metres may be air-filled, with the highest concentrations near the surface. Air bubbles absorb and reflect the sound energy, and may in worst cases block the sound transmission totally. Therefore, mount the transducer at a deep position on the hull.
Consider the situation when the vessel is unloaded, and when it is pitching in heavy seas. The transducer must never be lifted free of the water surface. Not only will the sound transmission be blocked, but the transducer may be damaged by slamming against the sea surface.
Another reason to go deep is cavitation in front of high power transducers. Cavitation is the formation of small bubbles in the water due to the resulting local pressure becoming negative during parts of the acoustic pressure cycles. The cavitation threshold increases with the hydrostatic pressure.
Vessel heave
Heave is the up and down movement of the vessel. It disturbs the echo traces in the echogram, so that a flat bottom is displayed as a wave. A transducer location in the middle of the vessel minimises the influence of vessel roll and pitch.
Noises from protruding objects on the hull
Objects protruding from the hull, such as zinc anodes, sonar transducers or even the vessel’s keel, generate turbulence and flow noise. Also holes and pipe outlets are noise sources. They may act as resonant cavities amplifying the f low noise at certain frequencies. Do not place an echo sounder transducer in the vicinity of such objects, and especially not close behind them.
For the same reason, it is very important that the hull area around the transducer face is as smooth and level as possible. Even traces of sealing compound, sharp edges, protruding bolts or bolt holes without filling compound will create noise.
851-165101 / Rev.A
19
Simrad PI44
Boundary water layer
When the vessel forces its way through the sea, the friction between the hull and the water creates a boundary layer. The thickness of the boundary layer depends upon vessel speed and the roughness of the hull. Objects protruding from the hull, and dents in the hull, disturb the flow and increase the thickness of the boundary layer. The flow in this boundary layer may be laminar or turbulent. A laminar flow is a nicely ordered, parallel movement of the water. A turbulent flow has a disorderly pattern, full of eddies. The boundary layer increases in thickness when the flow goes from laminar to turbulent. The figure below illustrates the boundary layer of a vessel moving through the water.
Boundary water layers: (A) = Turbulent flow (B) = Laminar flow (C) = Air bubbles in the water
Furthermore, air bubbles in the sea water are pressed down below the hull and mixed into the boundary layer. The boundary layer is thin underneath the forward part of the vessel, and increases in thickness as it moves towards aft. If the sides of the hull are steep, some of the air bubbles in the boundary layer may escape to the sea surface along the vessel sides. It is our experience that a wide and flat bottom, with a rising angle less than around 13 degrees, is prone to giving air problems for the transducer. In any case a transducer location in the forward part of the hull is preferred in order to minimise the influence of the boundary layer.
20
851-165101 / Rev.A
Transducer installation
Propeller noise
The propulsion propeller is the dominant noise source on most fishing vessels, research vessels, merchant vessels and pleasure crafts. The noise is transmitted through the sea water. For this reason, the transducer should be placed far away from the propeller, which means on the fore part of the hull. Positions outside the direct line of sight from the propeller are favourable. On small vessels with short distances it is advised to mount the transducer on that side of the keel where the propeller blades move upwards, because the propeller cavitation is strongest on the other side. The cavitation starts most easily when the water flows in the same direction as the propeller blade, and that is to some degree the case at that side of the keel where the propeller blades move downwards.
Bow thruster propellers are extremely noisy. When in operation, the noise and cavitation bubbles make the echo sounder useless, almost no matter where the transducer is installed. And when not in operation, the tunnel creates turbulence, and if the vessel is pitching, the tunnel may be filled with air or aerated water in the upper position and release this in the lower position. Therefore, an echo sounder transducer should be placed well away from the bow thruster.
851-165101 / Rev.A
21
Simrad PI44
Summary and general recommendation
Some of the above guide lines are conflicting, and each case has to be treated individually in order to find the best compromise. Generally the propeller noise is the dominant factor, and a recommended transducer location is in the fore part of the hull, with maximum distance from the bow equal to one third of the total length of the hull at the water line.
General recommendation for transducer location: (A) = Transducer (B) = Angle 1 - 2 degrees (L) = Hull length at water line (M) = Maximum 1/3 of the hull length at water line (L)
If the vessel hull has a bulbous bow, this may well be a good transducer location, but also here must be taken into consideration the flow pattern of the aerated water. Often the foremost part of the bulb is preferable.
22
851-165101 / Rev.A
Loading...
+ 182 hidden pages