Simrad ES70 - REFERENCE MANUAL REV A, ES70 Reference Manual

Reference manual

Simrad ES70

Fish nding echo sounder

TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

www.simrad.com

SimradES70

Fishndingechosounder

Referencemanual

Release1.0.0

Thismanualprovidesyouwithreferenceinformation
requiredtooperateandfullyunderstandthecommands,
menus,operationalmodes,optionsandinterfacesprovided
bytheSimradES70Fishndingechosounder.The
contentsofthisreferencemanualisalsoavailableascontext
sensitiveon-linehelpontheechosoundersystem.Foruser
informationinbrief,refertotheSimradES70Operator
manual.

338106/A

3February2010

©

KongsbergMaritimeAS

Revisionstatus

Documentno:338106/ISBN-13:978-82-8066-116-6/Revision:A

Rev.A03.02.2010

Firstversion.

Licenseinformation

WhenyouhaveobtainedthenecessarylicensestooperatetheES70,westronglyadvicethatyouwrite
downthehardwareIDandthelicensecodesonthispage.

Function

Purpose

Code

HardwareID:N/A

Licensecode

Licensecode

Licensecode

Copyright

©2010KongsbergMaritimeAS
TheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentremainsthesolepropertyofKongsbergMaritimeAS.Nopart
ofthisdocumentmaybecopiedorreproducedinanyformorbyanymeans,andtheinformationcontained
withinitisnottobecommunicatedtoathirdparty,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofKongsberg
MaritimeAS.Thedocument,oranypartofit,maynotbetranslatedtoanyotherlanguagewithoutthe
writtenapprovalfromKongsbergMaritimeAS.

Disclaimer

KongsbergMaritimeASendeavourstoensurethatallinformationinthisdocumentiscorrectandfairly
stated,butdoesnotacceptliabilityforanyerrorsoromissions.

Warning

Theequipmenttowhichthismanualappliesmustonlybeusedforthepurposeforwhichit
wasdesigned.Improperuseormaintenancemaycausedamagetotheequipmentand/orinjury
topersonnel.Theusermustbefamiliarwiththecontentsoftheappropriatemanualsbefore
attemptingtoinstall,operateorworkontheequipment.
KongsbergMaritimeASdisclaimsanyresponsibilityfordamageorinjurycausedbyimproper
installation,useormaintenanceoftheequipment.

Supportinformation

Ifyourequiremaintenanceorrepair,contactyourlocaldealer.Y oucanalsocontactususingthefollowing
address:[e-mail]tourotherproducts,visitourwebsite.On
thewebsiteyouwillalsondalistofourdealersanddistributors.

KongsbergMaritimeAS

www.kongsberg.com

Referencemanual

Tableofcontents

ABOUTTHISMANUAL.......................................................9

SIMRADES70.................................................................10

Important................................................................................................................10

Systemoverview....................................................................................................11

Keyfacts....................................................................................................11

Mainunits..................................................................................................11

Simpliedsystemdiagrams.........................................................................13

Wavepropagation...................................................................................................14

Bottomecho...........................................................................................................15

Split-beamoperation..............................................................................................16

Observationrange...................................................................................................17

GETTINGSTARTED..........................................................19

PowerOn/Offprocedures.......................................................................................19

Usingthetrackball..................................................................................................21

Startingnormaloperation.......................................................................................21

Howtochooseoperationalmode.................................................................22

Howtocheckthetransceiverandtransducersettings.....................................22

Howtocheckthebottomdetectorsettings....................................................23

Howtocheckthecolourscalesettings.........................................................24

Howtocheckthesizedistributionandshpositionsettings..........................24

Howtochecktheechogramsettings.............................................................25

Howtochecktherangesettings...................................................................27

Echosounderpresentations....................................................................................28

TitleBar..................................................................................................................30

Taskbar...................................................................................................................31

Themenusystem....................................................................................................31

Menuhierarchy..........................................................................................31

Menubuttons..............................................................................................32

DISPLAYVIEWS..............................................................34

Displayorganisation...............................................................................................34

TitleBar..................................................................................................................36

Logoandproductname...............................................................................37

Operationbuttons.......................................................................................37

Informationpaneicons................................................................................38

Navigationalinformation.............................................................................40

Functionbuttons.........................................................................................42

Replaybar...............................................................................................................43

Mainmenu..............................................................................................................43

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SimradES70

Echograms..............................................................................................................44

Surfaceechogram.......................................................................................44

Bottomechogram.......................................................................................45

Pelagicechogram........................................................................................46

Trawlechogram..........................................................................................46

Lines,markersandannotationsintheechograms..........................................47

Informationpanes...................................................................................................50

Aboutinformationpanes.............................................................................50

Depthinformationpane...............................................................................51

Biomassinformationpane...........................................................................51

BottomHardnessinformationpane..............................................................52

ColourScaleinformationpane.....................................................................53

SizeDistributioninformationpane...............................................................54

FishPositioninformationpane....................................................................55

EchoPositioninformationpane...................................................................56

Zoominformationpane...............................................................................57

Historyinformationpane.............................................................................58

Taskbar...................................................................................................................58

Screencaptures.......................................................................................................59

OPERATIONALPROCEDURES..........................................61

Operation................................................................................................................63

Howtochangethepingrate........................................................................63

Howtosaveanechogram............................................................................64

Howtosaverawechogramdata...................................................................66

Howtoplaybackechogramsequences.........................................................67

Views......................................................................................................................68

Howtochangethesizeofthepresentationelds...........................................68

Howtoselectpresentationlayout.................................................................69

Howtochangethecolourscaleandpresentationpalette................................69

Howtochangethenumberofcoloursintheechogram..................................70

Echogram................................................................................................................70

Howtoselectechogrampresentation...........................................................70

Howtoestablishhorizontalmarkers.............................................................71

Howtoestablishverticalmarkers.................................................................72

HowtoselectTVGgain..............................................................................73

Howtoremoveinterferenceandvessel’sownnoisefromthe

echograms..................................................................................................74

Howtoeasieridentifythebottom................................................................74

Ranges....................................................................................................................74

Howtochoosetheverticalrange.................................................................75

Howtochoosethestartrange......................................................................75

Bottomdetection....................................................................................................76

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Howtodenemaximumandminimumdepth...............................................76

Sizedistribution,biomassandshdensity............................................................77

Howtomonitortheshsizedistribution......................................................77

Howtoadjusttheshlengthforcorrectcalculations.....................................78

Howtomonitorthecurrentbiomass.............................................................78

Gain........................................................................................................................79

Howtoadjustthesignalgain.......................................................................79

HowtoadjusttheTVGgain........................................................................80

Powerandpulseduration.......................................................................................81

Howtochoosepassivemode.......................................................................81

Howtochangetheoutputpower..................................................................81

Howtoadjustthepulseduration..................................................................82

Installation..............................................................................................................82

Howtoinstallafrequencychannel...............................................................82

Howtodisconnectafrequencychannel........................................................83

HowtomodifyanIPaddress.......................................................................84

Howtoinstallandupgradethesoftware.......................................................85

Externalinterfaces..................................................................................................87

HowtosetuptheEthernetoutputinterface...................................................88

HowtosetuptheSimradITITrawlsysteminterface....................................89

HowtosetuptheSimradPICatchmonitoringsysteminterface.....................90

Howtosetupthesonarsysteminterface......................................................91

Howtosetupthenavigationsysteminterface...............................................92

Howtosetupthemotionsensorinterface.....................................................94

Howtosetupthedepthoutput.....................................................................95

Howtosetuptheannotationinterface..........................................................96

Testandmaintenance.............................................................................................97

Receivertest...............................................................................................97

GPTpowerrecycle.....................................................................................98

Accesstologles.......................................................................................99

Rulesfortransducerhandling......................................................................99

Rulesfortransducermaintenance...............................................................100

Approvedanti-foulingpaintsfortransducers..............................................101

THEMENUSYSTEM.......................................................102

Aboutmenusandbuttons.....................................................................................102

Buttontypes..........................................................................................................103

Mainmenu............................................................................................................105

Operationmenu....................................................................................................106

Displaymenu........................................................................................................107

Setupmenu...........................................................................................................108

Activemenu.........................................................................................................109

FUNCTIONSANDDIALOGS...........................................110

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Mainmenu;functionsanddialogs.......................................................................111

UserSettings.............................................................................................111

Range.......................................................................................................113

StartRange................................................................................................114

Gain..........................................................................................................115

Operationmenu;functionsanddialogs................................................................117

Operation..................................................................................................117

Ping..........................................................................................................118

PingMode.................................................................................................119

PingInterval.............................................................................................120

NormalOperation.....................................................................................121

Record.....................................................................................................123

Displaymenu;functionsanddialogs...................................................................125

ColourSetup............................................................................................125

ScreenBrightness.....................................................................................127

Units........................................................................................................128

Transparency............................................................................................129

Language.................................................................................................129

Layout.....................................................................................................130

DisplayOptions........................................................................................130

About.......................................................................................................133

Setupmenu;functionsanddialogs.......................................................................135

Synchronization........................................................................................136

Annotations..............................................................................................137

FishSelect................................................................................................139

Navigation...............................................................................................140

Trawl.......................................................................................................145

EthernetOutput........................................................................................146

DepthOutput............................................................................................147

Installation...............................................................................................149

Environment.............................................................................................149

I/OSetup..................................................................................................150

TransceiverInstallation.............................................................................153

SoftwareLicense......................................................................................156

Activemenu;functionsanddialogs.....................................................................158

Echogram.................................................................................................158

TVG........................................................................................................164

Ping-PingFilter........................................................................................165

BottomGain.............................................................................................165

SizeDistribution.......................................................................................166

BottomDetector.......................................................................................167

Otherdialogsandfunctions..................................................................................169

LANPortSetup........................................................................................169

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SerialPortSetup.......................................................................................170

AddSerialPort.........................................................................................171

PortMonitor.............................................................................................171

SelectInputs.............................................................................................172

SelectOutputs..........................................................................................175

Messages..................................................................................................176

ReplayFile...............................................................................................177

FileOutput...............................................................................................178

EK500Datagram......................................................................................181

BottomRange...........................................................................................183

SurfaceRange..........................................................................................184

SingleTargetDetection.............................................................................185

PIDataOutput..........................................................................................186

TELEGRAMFORMATS....................................................188

NMEAtelegrams..................................................................................................188

AbouttheNMEAtelegramformat.............................................................189

DBSDepthbelowsurface.........................................................................190

DBTDepthbelowtransducer.....................................................................190

DPTDepth...............................................................................................190

GGAGlobalpositioningsystemxdata.....................................................191

GLLGeographicalpositionlatitude/longitude............................................191

HDGHeading,deviationandvariation.......................................................192

HDMHeading,magnetic...........................................................................192

HDTHeading,true...................................................................................193

RMCRecommendedminimumspecicGNSSdata....................................193

VHWWaterspeedandheading.................................................................194

VLWDualground/waterdistance..............................................................194

VTGCourseoverground&groundspeed..................................................194

Proprietarytelegramsandformats.......................................................................195

SimradEK500Depth................................................................................195

SimradEMAttitude1000..........................................................................196

SimradEMAttitude3000..........................................................................197

DBSDepthoftrawlbelowsurface.............................................................198

HFBTrawlheadropetofootropeandbottom..............................................199

PSIMP.DPISensordata............................................................................199

PSIMDHBBottomhardnessandbiomass...................................................200

Sounder/TSS1Motionprotocol..................................................................201

SimradA TSAnnotation............................................................................202

Proprietarythirdpartytelegramsandformats......................................................203

Atlasdepthtelegram.................................................................................203

ECHOSOUNDERTHEORY...............................................204

Aboutbiomass......................................................................................................204

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SimradES70

AboutTVGgain...................................................................................................205

Aboutdynamicrangeanddisplaypresentation...................................................206

Aboutoutputpower..............................................................................................207

Aboutpulseduration............................................................................................207

Aboutbottomslopes.............................................................................................209

Aboutrangeselection...........................................................................................210

Upperechogram:Surface..........................................................................210

Lowerechogram:Bottomexpansion..........................................................210

Aboutbottomlines...............................................................................................211

Bottomline...............................................................................................211

Whiteline................................................................................................212

Hardnessline............................................................................................212

8

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Aboutthismanual

Aboutthismanual

Thepurposeofthismanual

Thepurposeofthismanualistoprovidethedescriptions,proceduresanddetailed
parameterexplanationsrequiredtoallowforsafeandefcientuseoftheSimradES70
Fishndingechosoundersystem,aswellasathoroughunderstandingofthesystem
parametersandadjustments.

Click“Help”!

InstalledonyourSimradES70Fishndingechosounderyouwillndacomprehensive
on-linehelpsystem.Y oumaynotnditinyourlanguage,buteverythingyoucanread
intheES70Referencemanualcanalsobefoundinthecontextsensitiveon-linehelp.To
accessthisinformationclick[?]ontheTitleBar,orthe[?]buttoninoneofthedialogs.
Notethatwhenyouopenthehelpsystemitwillplaceitselfonthetopoftheechogram!

Softwareversion

Thismanualcompliestoechosoundersoftwareversion1.0.0.

Note

WindowsNT ,Windows2000,WindowsXP ,WindowsVista,Windows7andWindowsare
eitherregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofMicrosoftCorporationintheUnitedStates
and/orothercountries.

References

ThefollowingusermanualshavebeenprovidedfortheSimradES70Fishndingecho
sounder.EnglishmanualsareprovidedwiththeES70whenitisshipped.Manualsin
otherlanguagesmaybedownloadedfromw

w w . s i m r a d . c o m .

•SimradES70Referencemanual[338106]

•SimradES70Operatormanual[343522]

•SimradES70Installationmanual[343539]

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9

SimradES70

SimradES70

ThepurposeofthischapteristoprovideanoveralldescriptionoftheES70Fishnding
echosoundersystemanditsmainfeatures.

Topics

•Importantonpage10

•Systemoverviewonpage11

•Wavepropagationonpage14

•Bottomechoonpage15

•Split-beamoperationonpage16

•Observationrangeonpage17

Important

Aswithallotheradvancedinstruments,thereareafewimportantthingsthatyoumustbe
awareof.

Whentheechosounderisnotused

WhenyoudonotusetheES70,switchoffthedisplayandthecomputer.Y oumayswitch
ofthetransceivertoo.

Whendockingyourvessel

ItisveryimportantthatnoonetriestousetheES70whenthevesselisindrydock.If
thetransducerisactivatedwhenoutofwateritmaybedamagedbeyondrepair.To
ensurethatthiscannothappen,removethepowersupplytotheeitherthecomputeror
thetransceiver-orboth!Youmayalsoremovecircuitbreakers.Dothisb

e f o r e the

vesselisplacedinthedrydock!

Ifsomethingbreaksdown

Ifyoubelievethatsomethinghasbrokendown,contactyourlocaldealer.Hewillbe
abletoassist.

10

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SimradES70

Whenyouswitchofftheechosounder

YoumustNEVERswitchofftheechosounderbymeansoftheon/offswitchonthe
computer.Y oumustALW AYSexittheES70applicationbyclickingtheExitbuttonon
theTitleBar.Ifyoupowerdownthesounderbymeansofthecomputerswitchyoumay
damagetheES70applicationandtheelectronicinterfaceparametersfortheexternal
devices.

Systemoverview

ThissectionprovidesthekeyfactsabouttheES70Fishndingechosoundersystem,as
wellasabriefintroductiontothemainunits.

Keyfacts

TheSimradES70Fishndingechosounderisdesignedfortheprofessionalshery
communityimplementingthelatestinnovations.Echosoundersrangingfromrelatively
low-costsinglebeamtolargemulti-frequencysystemscontainingseveralsplit-beam
channelscanberealised.

•TheSimradES70Fishndingechosoundersystemisexibleandeasytosetup

duetoitsmodulardesign.

•Menusanddialogsareoperatedusingastandardcomputermouseoratrackball.

•Additionaluserinputcanbefacilitatedusingastandardcomputerkeyboard.

•TheES70supportslargecolourdisplaymonitors.

•TheES70usestheMicrosoftWindows®operatingsystem.ItcompliestoWindows

XP®andWindows7®.

•TheES70providesyouwithanawardwinninguserinterface.Menusystem,dialogs

andstructurehavebeencreatedusinginnovativedesign,andinclosecooperation
withcustomers.

•Astore/replayfunctionreducestheneedforechogramprintoutonpaper.The

unprocessedtransducersignalisrecordedontheinternalharddisk.Duringreplay,
thissignalisinjectedintotheES70processingsoftwareasifitarriveddirectlyfrom
thetransceiver.

Mainunits

ThebasicES70Fishndingechosounderconsistsof:

•Display

•Computer(TheES70MarineComputermaybeprovided)

•OneormoreGeneralPurposeTransceiver(GPT)units

•Oneormorestandardsinglebeamtransducers

•Oneormoresplit-beamtransducers

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11

SimradES70

Colourdisplay

Astandardcommercialcolourdisplayisused.Thedisplayunitisnormallynotprovided
bySimrad.Severalcommercialtypesandsizesareavailable.

ES70MarineComputer

SimradcansupplytheES70MarineComputerfortheES70Fishndingechosounder
system.

Figure1ES70MarineComputer

Acommercialcomputermayalsobeused.Itmustcomplytotherequirement
specicationslaidoutbyMicrosoftfortheiroperatingsystems.Itmustalsoprovidethe
necessaryinterfacefacilities(seriallinesandEthernetconnections)thatyoursystemwill
needtocommunicatewithexternalsensors(measuringdevices)andperipheralsystems.

GeneralPurposeTransceiver(GPT)

TheGeneralPurposeTransceiver(GPT)containstransmitterandreceiverelectronics.
Thereceiversaredesignedforlownoise,andtheycanhandleinputsignalsspanninga
verylargeinstantaneousdynamicamplituderangeof150dB.Alltargetsarecorrectly
measuredanddisplayed.

Figure2GeneralPurposeTransceiver(GPT)

AtwistedpairEthernetcableconnectstheGeneralPurposeTransceiver(GPT)tothe
computer.ThedistancebetweenthecomputerandtheGeneralPurposeTransceivercan
beextendeduptomaximum100meters.

Ifmorethanonetransceiverisused,asmallEthernetswitchisrequiredtoconnectthe
GeneralPurposeTransceiverstothecomputer.

12

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SimradES70

Standardsinglebeamtransducer

TheES70mustbeconnectedtooneormoretransducers.

Awiderangeofoperationalfrequenciesareavailable.

FormoreinformationaboutthesinglebeamtransducersprovidedbySimrad,consult

w

w w . s i m r a d . c o m .

Split–beamtransducer

TheES70canbeusedwithSimrad’sadvancedsplit-beamtransducers.Thesetransducers
areavailableatfrequenciesrangingfrom18to200kHz.

Formoreinformationaboutthesplit–beamtransducersprovidedbySimrad,consult

w

w w . s i m r a d . c o m .

Simpliedsystemdiagrams

Thesystemdiagramsprovidedshowe x a m p l e s onhowaES70systemmaybesetup.

Figure3SystemdiagramwithasingleGeneralPurposeTransceiver

ADisplayUnit

BProcessorUnit(computer)

CGeneralPurposeTransceiver(GPT)

DTransducer(s)

A

B

C

D

PWR

MENU

Transducer

+5V
+12V

-12V
HV1
HV2

TX
RX

Fuse10A

115-230VAC

Fuse2A

S1
S2

12VDC

Auxiliary

Ethernet

GeneralPurpose Transceiver

DSP-6X IO

POWER

Ethernet

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13

SimradES70

Figure4SystemdiagramwithtwoGeneralPurposeTransceivers

ADisplayUnit

BProcessorUnit(computer)

CGeneralPurposeTransceiver

(GPT)

DTransducer(s)

EEthernetswitch

A

B

C

D

PWR

MENU

Transducer

+5V
+12V

-12V
HV1
HV2

TX
RX

Fuse10A

115-230VAC

Fuse2A

S1
S2

12VDC

Auxiliary

Ethernet

GeneralPurpose Transceiver

DSP-6X IO

POWER

Ethernet

Transducer

+5V
+12V

-12V
HV1
HV2

TX
RX

Fuse10A

115-230VAC

Fuse2A

S1
S2

12VDC

Auxiliary

Ethernet

GeneralPurpose Transceiver

DSP-6X IO

POWER

Ethernet

E

(CD024216-002)

Wavepropagation

Thevelocityofsoundwavepropagationintheseavariesslightlywithtemperature,
salinityandpressure.Thevelocityvariesbetween1440and1520m/sinshallowsea
water,whileavelocityaround1480m/scanbeexpectedat1000mdepth.Inshallow
freshwaterthevelocityisapproximately1430m/s.

AgoodaveragevaluetobeusedintheEnvironmentdialogis1470m/s.

Figure5Wavepropagationfromaatbottom

(CD010217C)

(CD010217G)

TheES70transmitshighenergysoundwave
pulsesintothesea.Aatbottomreectsthe
transmittedwaveasifitwereamirror.The
propagatingenergyisspreadoveralargerand
largerareaasittravelsdowntothebottomand
upagain.Theenergyisspreadoverafourtimes
largerareaeverytimethetraveldistancedoubles.

Alargeschoolofshreectssoundwavessimilarly.Thistypeofspreadingisreferredto
assquare-lawor20logTVG(TimeV aryingGain)spreading.

14

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SimradES70

Thesituationisslightlydifferentwhenobservingtheechoesfromindividualsh.The
transmittedwaveundergoessquare-lawspreadingwhentravellingfromthesurfaceand
downtothesh.Theswimbladderoftheshscattersasmallfractionofthearriving
energyinalldirections.Travellingfromtheshandbacktowardsthesurfacethe
scatteredwaveundergoesanothersquare-lawspreading.Thecombinedeffectisreferred
toasquad-lawor40logTVGspreading.

Intheechosounder’sEchogramdialog20logTVGspreadingiscalledSchoolGainand

BottomGain,while40logTVGspreadingiscalledFishGain.

Figure6Wavepropagationfromash

(CD010217H)

Propagationlossesduetoabsorptionaremuch
higherinseawaterthaninfreshwater.Absorption
alsoincreaseswithfrequency.At38kHzthe
absorptionis0.5dB/kminfreshwaterand10
dB/kminseawater.At200kHztheabsorption
is10dB/kminfreshwaterand50dB/kminsalt
water.Theechosoundermustknowwhichwater
typeispresentinordertocompensateforthese
lossescorrectly.

ThedB(decibel)unithaslongtraditionsinunderwateracousticsandothereldsin
physics.Itisalogarithmicmeasurefortheratiobetweentwoquantities.

Relatedtopics

•AboutTVGgainonpage205

•Echogramonpage158

•Environmentonpage149

Bottomecho

Ahardatbottomreectsthetransmittedsignalasifitwereamirror.Thetransmitted
pulsehitstheilluminatedbottomareaatnearlythesameinstant,andtheechofrom
differentpartsofthisareaarrivebackatthesurfacealsoatnearlythesameinstant.

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15

SimradES70

Figure7Bottomechoprinciples

(CD010217I)

A

B

Thereceivedechosignalisbasicallyanattenuated
copyoftheshorttransmitpulse.Theechosignal
fromaslopedbottomischaracterisedbyhaving
alongerdurationandaslowerriseandfalltime.
Thetransmittedpulsersthitstheslopeatpoint
(A),andastimeelapsesthereectionpointtravels
alongtheslopetowardspoint(B).Manylocations
donothaveasolidhardbottom.Frequently,the
bottomiscomposedoflayersofmud,clayand
sandwhichcanbeobservedascolouredbandson
theechosounderdisplay.

Thebottomdetectionalgorithmisimplementedsolelyinsoftware,andseparate
algorithmsarerunforeachfrequencychannel.Thealgorithmisdesignedwithemphasis
onreliabilityinthesensethaterroneousdepthdetectionsareneveroutput.Wheneverthe
qualityofadetectionisquestionablethealgorithmoutputsadepthof0.00toindicatethat
noreliabledetectionwasobtained.TheES70algorithmisdesignedtohandleanumber
ofdifcultsituations.Thealgorithmmaintainsbottomlockforadiscontinuousjumpin
bottomdepth.Itavoidsfalsebottomdetectionsonadenseschoolofsh.Thealgorithm
choosestheupperboundaryoftherstlayerwhenthebottomconsistsoflayers.

Thebottomdetectionalgorithmlockstotherstgoodbottomreturn.Thedepthatpoint
Aratherthanthedepthalongthetransduceraxiswillbeoutputforaslopedbottom.The
detecteddepthvalueisalwayssmallerthanthedepthalongthetransduceraxisimplying
thatasafetymarginisautomaticallyincluded.

Split-beamoperation

TheES70usesthesplit-beamtechniqueforassessmentofthesizedistributionof
individualsh.Asplit-beamtransduceriselectricallydividedintofourquadrants.All
fourquadrantsareexcitedinparallelduringtransmission.However,thereceivedsignal
fromeachquadrantisseparatelyampliedinafour-channelmatchedreceiverallowing
thedirectionofarrivalofanechotobedetermined.

16

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SimradES70

Figure8Splitbeamprinciples

(CD010217K)

A B

Anacousticwavefrontpropagatingtowardsthe
transducerarrivesatthefourquadrantsatdifferent
timescausingthephaseangleoftheelectrical
outputsignalfromthequadrantstodiffer.The
fore-and-aftangleisdeterminedfromtheelectrical
phasedifferencebetweentheforeandtheaft
transducerhalves,andtheathwartshipsangleis
determinedfromthestarboardandportsignals.

FishAispositionedalongthetransduceraxiswherethetransducerhasitsmaximum
sensitivity,whileFishBispositionedtowardstheedgeofthebeamwherethesensitivity
islower.Evidently ,theechosignalfromFishAwillbestrongerthanthesignalfrom
FishBeventhoughtheyareofthesamesizeandatthesamedepth.Hence,determining
shsizefromthereceivedechostrengthalonewillnotbetoosuccessful.Asplit-beam
echosoundermeasuresthepositionoftheshwithinthebeam.Thesoundercorrectsfor
thedifferenceintransducersensitivityandcomputesthetruesizeofthesh.

Thesplit-beammeasurementtechniqueonlyworksforechoesoriginatingfromone
singleshsincetheelectricalphasewillberandomifechoesfrommultipleindividuals
atdifferentpositionsinthebeamarereceivedsimultaneously.

Consequently,measurementofshsizeinsideaschoolofshtendstobeunreliable.

Observationrange

Absorptionincreasesdramaticallywithfrequencyinsaltwater.Formaximum
observationrangeyoushouldselectalowoperatingfrequency,alargetransducerandthe
maximumtransmitpower.

Typicalobservationrangesareshowninthetable.UsingtheSimradES38Btransducer
(38kHz,7x7degrees,2000W)youcanobservea60centimetrecoddownto950meters,
andbottomdetectionworksdownto2800meters.However,withtheSimradES200–7C
transducer(200kHz,7x7degrees,1000W)youcanonlyobservethatsamecoddownto
270meters,andbottomdetectionbecomesunreliablebelow500meters.

Table1Maximumdetectiondepth,singlebeamtransducers

TransducerFrequency

(kHz)

Pulse
duration
(ms)

Bandwidth
(hz)

Txpower
(W)

Rangesh
(m)

Range
bottom(m)

12–161216,4193200085010000

27–26278,18387300011004400

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SimradES70

Table1Maximumdetectiondepth,singlebeamtransducers(cont’d.)

TransducerFrequency

(kHz)

Pulse
duration
(ms)

Bandwidth
(hz)

Txpower
(W)

Rangesh
(m)

Range
bottom(m)

38/200D

384,0976610005002100

38–9384,0976615008002600

38–7384,0976620009502800

50/200D

502,05149310005001500

50–7502,05149320007001900

120–251201,0230261000390800

50/200D

2001,0230881000280550

Table2Maximumdetectiondepth,splitbeamtransducers

TransducerFrequency

(kHz)

Pulse
duration
(ms)

Bandwidth
(hz)

Txpower
(W)

Rangesh
(m)

Range
bottom(m)

ES18–11188,21382200011007000

ES38B384,0976620009502800

ES70–11702,0515268004501100

ES120–7C1201,0230261000440850

ES200–7C2001,0230881000270550

Theserangecalculationsassumeanormalseawatersalinity(3.5ppt)andtemperature
(+10degreesCelcius),anaveragebottom(surfacebackscatteringstrength=-20dB)and
anoiseleveltypicalforamovingvessel.

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Gettingstarted

ThischapterdescribeshowtogetstartedwiththebasicoperationoftheES70Fish
ndingechosounder.

Note

ThischapterassumesthattheES70Fishndingechosounderhasatleastonefrequency
channel(transceiverandtransducer)readilyconnected.Ifthisisnotthecase,observe
theprocedure.

→Howtoinstallafrequencychannelonpage82

Topics

•PowerOn/Offproceduresonpage19

•Usingthetrackballonpage21

•Startingnormaloperationonpage21

•Echosounderpresentationsonpage28

•TitleBaronpage30

•Taskbaronpage31

•Themenusystemonpage31

PowerOn/Offprocedures

Note

Makesurethatyouhavesufcientwaterbelowthehullb e f o r e youpoweruptheecho
sounder.Ifyoustarttheechosounderwiththetransducerinair ,youmaydamageit
beyondrepair!

HowtopoweruptheES70echosounder

1PoweruptheGeneralPurposeTransceiver(GPT)unit.

2Powerupthecomputerandthedisplay.

3WaituntiltheES70programstartsonthecomputer.

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WhentheES70starts,youmayseeadialogrequestingpermissiontoupgradethe
rmwareonthetransceiver.Thishappensifthermwareonthetransceiverisolder
thanthermwareprovidedasapartoftheES70software.Sincefunctionality
ontheES70maydependonthermwareinthetransceiver,clickY estoupgrade
thetransceiver.

Duringtheprograminitialisation,adialogappearstoletyouchoosefromthecurrent
usersettingsavailableontheES70.Thedialogisonlyvisibleafewseconds.Y ou
donotneedtomakeachoicehere.Y oucanselectusersettingatanytimebymeans
oftheUserSettingdialogontheMainmenu.

4Chooseoperationalmode:

aObservetheMainmenuontherighthandsideoftheES70presentation.

bClicktheOperationmenuicontoopentheOperationmenu.

cClicktheOperationbutton,andselectNormal.

5OnthePingbutton,clickthesymbolontherighthandsidetostartpinging.

6ObservethattheES70starts.

•TheES70startsupusingthesameoperationalparametersasthelasttimeyou
usedit.Iftheseparametersareacceptable,continueoperation.Ifyouwishtoalter
basicoperationalparameters,seesectionStartingnormaloperationonpage21.

•WhentheES70starts,itisveryimportantthatitdetectsthebottomcorrectly.
Inmostcasesthiswilltakeplaceautomatically.However,wehaveexperienced
thatlargeschoolsofshordifcultbottomconditionshavedeceivedtheES70to
displaythewrongdepth.Inthesecasesthesoundermaydisplaythebottomat
0,0meters,orwithanyotherabnormalvalue.InordertoaidtheES70tolocate
thecorrectdepth,observethededicatedprocedure.SeeHowtodenemaximum
andminimumdepthonpage76.

HowtopowerofftheES70echosounder

Note

YoumustNEVERswitchofftheechosounderonlybymeansoftheon/offswitchon
thecomputer .Thismaydamagethesoftwareortheinterfaceparametersforexternal
devices.YoumustALWAYSusethisprocedure.

1ClicktheExitbuttonontheTitleBarinthetoprightcorneroftheES70presentation.

2ObservethattheES70applicationclosesdown.

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3Ifthecomputerdoesnotswitchitselfoffautomatically,usethefunctionality

providedbytheoperatingsystemtoswitchitoffmanually.

4Switchoffthepowertothedisplayandtothetransceiver(s).

Usingthetrackball

AllES70functionsarecontrolledwiththetrackball.Thistrackballisconnectedtothe
computer,andbymeansofthebuttonsandthewheelyoucancontrolallthedialogsand
parametersettings.Astandardcomputermousecanalsobeused.Ifyouwishtousea
mouse,werecommendthatyoundoneequippedwithacontrolwheel.

AControlwheel

BTrackball

CRightmousebutton

DLeftmousebutton

C

D

A

B

(CD010216A)

Startingnormaloperation

OnceyouhavepowereduptheES70andthedisplay ,youarereadytostarttheactual
operation.Whenyouhavechosenoperationalmode,theechosounderstartsusingits
previoussetupparameters.

Note

Iftheseparametersareacceptableyoudonotneedtocarryouttheremainingprocedures
inthissection.

TheseprocedurebelowassumesthattheES70Fishndingechosounderhasatleast
onefrequencychannel(transceiverandtransducer)readilyconnected.Ifthisisnot
thecase,observetheprocedure.

→Howtoinstallafrequencychannelonpage82

1Chooseoperationalmode

2Checkthetransceiverandtransducersettings

3Checkthebottomdetectorsettings

4Checkthecolourscalesettings

5Checkthesizedistributionandshpositionsettings

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6Checktheechogramsettings

7Checktherangesettings

Howtochooseoperationalmode

1ObservetheMainmenuontherighthandsideoftheES70presentation.

2ClicktheOperationmenuicontoopentheOperationmenu.

3ClicktheOperationbutton,andselectNormal.

Howtocheckthetransceiverandtransducersettings

1Observethatthecurrentlyconnectedtransducer(s)areshownastabsontheTaskbar.

Eachtransducernamealsoidentiestheoperationalfrequency.

2ClicktheSetupicontoopentheSetupmenu.

→Setupmenuonpage108

3OntheSetupmenu,clickInstallation,andthenTransceiverInstallation.

ObservethattheTransceiverInstallationdialogopens.Thisdialogisusedto
controlthecommunicationbetweentheES70computerandthetransceiver(s)and
transducer(s).

→TransceiverInstallationonpage153

4Checkthatallapplicabletransceiversandtransducersareconnectedandoperational.

Foreachtransceiver,thisisindicatedbythegreenlabelwithtext“Installed”.

5ClickOKtosavethesettingsandclosethedialog.

6ClicktheOperationicontoopentheOperationmenu.

→Operationmenuonpage106

7OntheOperationmenu,clickNormalOperation.

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ObservethattheNormalOperationdialogopens.Thisdialogisusedtodene
variousparametersassociatedwiththetransceiver.Thesesettingsinclude
transceivermode,thedepthofthetransducersurface,thetransmitpower,andthe
pulseduration.NotethatthisdialogisnotavailableinReplaymode.

→NormalOperationonpage121

8Foreachchannel(transceiver/transducercombination):

aSetModetoActive.

bSetPulseLengthtoAuto.

TheES70willautomaticallychoosethebestpulsedurationtottheoperational
frequency,modeandcurrentdepth.Thepulsedurationdenestheresolution.

→Aboutpulsedurationonpage207

cSetPowertomaximum.

dCheckthattheDepthvalueissetcorrectly.

Thisisthedepthofthetransducerfacerelativetothewatersurface.Apositive
valueofforexample5metersmeansthatthetransducerislocated5meters
belowtheseasurface.Foraccuratedepthreadings,thisDepthvaluemustbe
setupcorrectly.

9ClickOKtosavethesettingsandclosethedialog.

Howtocheckthebottomdetectorsettings

1ClicktheActiveicontoopentheActivemenu.

→Activemenuonpage109

2OntheActivemenu,clickBottomDetector.

ObservethattheBottomDetectordialogopens.Thisdialogisusedtodenevarious
parametersassociatedwiththebottomdetection.Theseincludethedepthrange,
wheretheES70searchesforthebottom.

→BottomDetectoronpage167

3SetMinimumDepthandMaximumDepthtovaluestforthedepthatyourcurrent

location.

Note

SettingbothMinimumDepthandMaximumDepthto0mwillturnoffbottom
detection.

4ClickOKtosavethesettingsandclosethedialog.

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Howtocheckthecolourscalesettings

1ClicktheColourScaleiconontheTitleBartoopentheColourScaleinformation

pane.

→ColourScaleinformationpaneonpage53

2Observethatthecurrentcolourscaleisshown.

Youcanlterouttheweakestechoesbymanuallymodifyingthecolourthreshold.

aClicktheColourScaleiconontheTitleBartoopentheColourScaleinformation

pane.

bMovethecursortotheleftsideofthecolourscale.

Observethatthecursorchangesshapetoadualarrowline.

cClickontheleftedgeofthecolourscale,anddragtheedgetowardsright.

dObservethattheweakestcoloursareremovedfromthecolourscale,andthus

alsotheweakestechoesfromtheechogrampresentation.

3ClicktheDisplayicontoopentheDisplaymenu.

→Displaymenuonpage107

4OntheDisplaymenu,clickColourSetup.

ObservethattheColourSetupdialogopens.Thisdialogisusedtodenewhich
colourscaletouseontheES70presentations.Youcantesttheoptionsbymaking
aselection,andclickingApply.Theresultingcolourscaleisimmediatelyshown
intheColourScaleinformationpane.

Whenthecolourscaleuses12colours,eachcolouralwaysrepresentsa3dBvalue
range.Using12coloursthusenablesmappingofa36dBvaluerangetocolours.

→ColourSetuponpage125

5ClickOKtoacceptthedefaultsettingsandclosethedialog.

Howtocheckthesizedistributionandshpositionsettings

Note

Sizedistributionandshpositioninformationpanesareonlyavailableifyouusea
splitbeamechosoundersystem!

1ClicktheSizeDistributioniconontheTitleBartoopentheSizeDistribution

informationpane.

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TheSizeDistributioninformationpaneshowsahistogramofthesingleshechoes
detectedintheechogram.Foranaccuratex-axisvalue,placethecursoronavertical
barinthehistogram,andreadthevaluefromthelabel.TheabbreviationTSis
commonlyused.Itmeans“TargetStrength”,andthisisameasureofhowstrong
echotheindividualshesinthecurrentechogramgenerate.Theechostrength
indicatesthesizeoftheshes.TheSizeDistributioninformationpanethusprovides
amathematicalestimateofthesizesofallthechosenshspeciesintheechogram.

→SizeDistributioninformationpaneonpage54

Tochangetheshspecies,usetheFishSelectdialogopenedontheSetupmenu.

→FishSelectonpage139

2IntheSizeDistributioninformationpane,clicktheSetupiconinthetoprightcorner

toopentheSizeDistributiondialog.

TheSizeDistributiondialogallowsyoutoshapethesizedistributionhistogram
toyourownrequirements.Youcansetupthemode,theupperandlowerlimits,
theaccuracy,andtheverticalresolution.

→SizeDistributiononpage166

3ClickOKtosavethesettingsandclosethedialog.

4ClicktheFishPositioniconontheTitleBartoopentheFishPositioninformation

pane.

TheFishPositioninformationpaneshowsthepositionwithinthebeamofthe
detectedsingleechoesforthecurrentping(largestcircles)andthethreeprevious
ping(smallercircles).Thecoloursindicatetheechostrength.

→FishPositioninformationpaneonpage55

Howtochecktheechogramsettings

1ObservetheES70echogram.

Ifyouhavetwoormorechannels(transducers/frequencies),observethetabson
theT askbar.

→Displayorganisationonpage34

2Clickoneofthetransducertabs.Observethatonlytheechogramfromtheselected

frequencychannelisshown.

Bydefault,twoechogramsareshownforeachfrequencychannel.Thetop
echogramissurfacerelated,whilethebottomechogramisbottomrelated.Several
echogramtypesareprovided.

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SimradES70

•Surface:Theechogramisrelatedtotheseasurface.Startdepth(upperechogram

boundary)andverticalrange(acrossechogram)aremanuallyselectedbythe

StartDepthandRangebuttonsontheMainmenu.

→StartRangeonpage114

→Rangeonpage113

•Bottom:Theechogramisrelatedtothedetectedbottom.Stopdepth(lower

echogramboundary)andverticalrangearemanuallyselectedbytheStartDepth
andRangebuttonsontheMainmenu.Theechogramisonlydrawnforpings
havingasuccessfulbottomdetection.

•Pelagic:ThisechogramisnearlyidenticaltotheSurfaceechogram.However,

thebiomasscalculationsarenotrestrictedbythebottomdetection.Thismeans
thatthebottomechowillbeincludedincalculationsifitappearswithinthe
chosenrange.

Example:Ifyouareinvestigatingalargeschoolofpelagicsh,settheStart

RangeandRangetoenclosetheschool.Iftheschoolislargeenough,aSurface

echogrammaymistakeitforbottom,andthebiomassreadingswillbewrong.
ThePelagicechogramwillhoweverdisregardthebottomdetection,andgivea
correctestimateofthebiomass.

•Trawl:Trawlsensorsystemscommunicateheadropedepthand

headrope-to-footropedistancetotheES70atregularintervals.Theechogram
coverstheverticalopeningofthetrawlincludingasmallmarginateachside.
Theheadropeandfootropemarginsareidentical.Thebiomasscalculationsare
notrestrictedbythebottomdetection.

TheirsizeisselectedintheT rawldialog.Theheadrope-to-footropedistancecan
bemanuallysetintheTrawldialogfortrawlsensorsystemsnotmeasuringthe
trawlopening,orwhenthemeasuredheadrope-to-footropedistanceisunreliable.
Theechogramisonlydrawnwhentrawlpositioninformationisavailable.

→Trawlonpage145

3Movethecursorovertheechogram.

Observethatarectangular“tooltip”labelisshown.Itprovidesinformationabout
theechoesatthecursor’spresentposition.Whichinformationtoincludeinthelabel
isdenedintheDisplayOptionsdialog.

→DisplayOptionsonpage130

4ClicktheHorizontaltab.Observethattheechogramchannelsareshownhorizontally.

5ClicktheVerticaltab.Observethattheechogramchannelsareshownvertically.

6Clickononeoftheechograms.

Observethattheechogramthenappearswithathickborderline.Theechogramyou
haveselectedisnowthe“active”echogram.AnychangesmadeintheEchogram
dialogwillbydefaultonlyapplytothisechogram.

→Echogramsonpage44

7OntheActivemenu,clickEchogram.

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ObservethattheEchogramdialogopens.Thisdialogisusedtocontrolthe
appearanceoftheactiveechogram.

→Echogramonpage158

8IntheEchogramdialog,checkthattheLinestabisshown.

TheLinestabintheEchogramdialogallowsyoutochangetheappearanceofthe
bottomline.Youcanaddanextrabottomline,andinadditiontothisyoucanenable
eitherawhitelineorahardnessindicatorline.Thetaboffersseveralhorizontal
informationlines,andyoucanchoosetheverticalscaleoftheechogram.Finally ,
theLinestabofferstimeordistancemarkers,andyoucanenableannotations.

9ClickBottomlineandWhitelinetoenablethese.Observethechangesonthe

echogram.

10ClicktheEchogramtab.

TheEchogramtabintheEchogramdialogallowsyoutoselectwhichTVGcurveto
usefortheechogram.Youcanchoosefromseveralstandardcurves,ormakeyour
own.Thetabalsoallowsyoutochoosewhichtypeofechogramyouwishtodisplay.

→AboutTVGgainonpage205

11ChangetheEchogramTypetoseethevariations.

12ClicktheHorizontalAxistab.

TheHorizontalAxistabintheEchogramdialogallowsyoutochoosethehorizontal
scaleoftheechogram.Thiscontrolshow“fast”theechogrammovesfromright
towardsleftacrossthedisplay.

13Trythevariousoptionstoseethevariationsontheechogram.

14ClickOKtosavethecurrentsettingsandclosethedialog.

Howtochecktherangesettings

1Observetheverticalrangeoftheechograms.

Notethattheverticalrangeissetupdifferentlydependingontheechogramtype.

2Clickinasurfacerelatedechogramtomakeit“active”.

3ObservetheRangebuttonontheMainmenu.

TheRangefunctionallowsyoutospecifytheverticalrangeofthewatercolumn
coveredbytheechogram.Therangeisdenedfromaselectedstartrange,and
downtoavaluebeneaththecurrentbottomdepth.Thevalueshownandselectedis
bydefaultappliedonlytothecurrentlyselectedechogram.

4ObservetheStartRangebuttonontheMainmenu.

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SimradES70

StartRangeallowsyoutospecifythestartdepthoftheechogram,thatisfrom

whichdepthinthewatercolumnthepresentationshallstart.Thevalueshownand
selectedisappliedtothecurrentlyselectedechogramtype.

Example:Inasurfaceechogram,settheStartRangevalueto0meters.Thiswill
maketheechogramstartfromtheseasurface(providedthatthetransduceroffset
hasbeendened).SetRangetothecurrentdepthplus20meters.Theechogramwill
nowshowtheareafromtheseasurfaceanddownto20meters“below”thebottom.
Thebottomcontouriseasilydetectedwhenthedepthchanges.

Example:Inasurfaceechogram,settheStartRangevalueto10meters.Thiswill
maketheechogramstartfrom10metersbelowtheseasurface(providedthatthe
transduceroffsethasbeendened).SetRangetothecurrentdepthplus20meters.
Theechogramwillnowshowtheareafrom10metersbelowtheseasurface,and
downto10meters“below”thebottom.Thebottomcontouriseasilydetected
whenthedepthchanges.

5SetRangetoAuto,andsetStartRangeto0.

Observethechangesmadetothesurfacerelatedechogram.

6Clickinabottomrelatedechogramtomakeit“active”.

7ObservetheRangeandStartRangebuttonsontheMainmenu.

Example:Inabottomechogram,settheStartRangevalueto–5meters.This
willmaketheechogramstartfrom5metersabovethebottom.SetRangetothe5
metersplus10=15meters.Theechogramwillnowshowtheareafrom5meters
abovethedepth,anddownto10meters“below”thebottom.Thebottomcontour
willappearasaatline.

8SetRangeto15,andsetStartRangeto5.

Observethechangesmadetothebottomrelatedechogram.

Echosounderpresentations

ThissectiondescribestheoveralllayoutofthepresentationprovidedbytheES70echo
sounder.

28

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