Page 1
Cerberus® DLO1191
Linear smoke detector
Technical description
Planning
Installation
Commissioning
Siemens Building Technologies
Cerberus Division
Manual DS11
Section 3
Cerberus
Security
for People
and Assets
Page 2
Data and design subject to change
without notice. / Supply subject to
availability
.
E Copyright by
Siemens Building Technologies AG
We reserve all rights in this document
and in the subject thereof. By
acceptance of the document the
recipient acknowledges these rights
and undertakes not to publish the
document nor the subject thereof in
full or in part, nor to make them
available to any third party without our
prior express written authorization,
nor to use it for any purpose other
than for which it was delivered to him.
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09.2000
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Siemens Building Technologies
Cerberus Division
1 Overview 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1 Characteristics 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Design 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Operating principle 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Technical data 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 Collective mode 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Interactive Mode 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 General data 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Design and principle of operation 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1 Detector 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Structure of the infrared beam 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Alignment possibilities 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 Reflectors 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 Compatibility 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6 Description of block diagram 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7 Functions in operation with interactive system 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7.1 Emergency operation 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7.2 Line isolation function 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7.3 Diagnostic facilities 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7.4 Self-test / functional state 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8 General detector functions 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8.1 Alarm algorithms 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8.2 Fuzzy Logic 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8.3 Possible diagnosis results 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Planning 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1 General project engineering principles 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Operating conditions 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Fields of application 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.1 Examples of suitable fields of application 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.2 Examples of unsuitable fields of application 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4 Monitoring areas with flat ceilings 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5 Monitoring areas with sloping ceilings 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5.1 Additional DLO1191’s on the slope of the ceiling 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6 Monitoring areas with joist constructions 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6.1 Layout underneath joist construction 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6.2 Layout within the joist area 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6.3 Detection of smouldering fire in high rooms 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7 Guideline for distances between DLO1191 and reflector 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.8 Panes of glass 23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.8.1 Penetration of panes of glass 23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.8.2 Application example 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.8.3 Reflectors mounted on glass walls 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.9 Minimum distances between two pairs of detectors 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.10 Beam spacing from the ceiling 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.11 Maximum monitoring width 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.12 Measures for dividing long distances 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.13 Measures against condensation 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.14 Installation locations 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.15 Accessibility 28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Installation 29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 Mounting 29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Wiring 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.1 Special filter 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.2 Detector heater 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 Interactive mode 31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Collective mode 31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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5.5 Connection 31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Commissioning 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1 Settings 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Mechanical adjustment 33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 Electronic alignment 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4 Initialization 35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5 Addressing in the interactive system 35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Faults / overhaul 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1 Fault 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1.1 Interruption to beam 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2 Reflection 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 Checklist for trouble-shooting 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4 Functional check / overhaul 37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 Terminology 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 Overview
1.1 Characteristics
Directly connectible to the Cerberus interactive system AlgoRex
Switchable to collective systems
Microprocessor-controlled signal processing
Suitable for surveillance ranges from 5 to 100m
Operates according to the principle of light-attenuation by smoke
Response behavior selectable in 3 sensitivity stages
Transmission of 4 danger levels per sensitivity setting
Transmission of four function states:
normal, information, impairment, fault
Automatic digital compensation of ambient influences
High immunity to extraneous light
Transmitter and receiver installed in the same housing
Easy installation, adjustment and commissioning
Two-wire installation
Comprehensive accessories
New diagnostic capabilities with fuzzy logic
Efficient signal processing algorithms with application-specific characteristics
Comprehensive EMC concept based on the latest technologies
enables the detector to be installed in difficult environments
Integrated multi-coincidence circuit
suppresses extreme electrical and optical noise signals
Automatic and comprehensive self-test
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1.2 Design
The BeamRex DLO1191 comprises:
Base DLB1191A consisting of:
Terminal support with terminals
The base is required already at the time of installation. The base housing features six
PG16 tapped cable inlets.
Detector module DLA1191A consisting of:
Transmitter
Receiver
Lens
Electronics
The plug-in detector module is inserted just prior to commissioning.
The lens can be optimally aligned to the reflector by means of the adjustment set.
Reflectors
Different reflectors are available for different distances:
5 to 30m Reflector foil DLR1193 (10 x 10cm) 1 pc.
30 to 50m Reflector foil DLR1192 (20 x 20cm) 1 pc.
50 to 65m Reflector foil DLR1192 (20 x 20cm) 4 pcs.
20 to 100m Prism made of glass DLR1191 (cat’s eye) 1 pc.
with built-in heating against condensation
Short distance filter
For shorter distances between 5 and 10 m an additional short distance filter is required:
5 to 8m DLF1191-AB
7 to 10 m DLF1191-AA
Filter against external light influences DLF1191-AC
The detector is rarely influenced by external light. If, however, powerful external light
causes interference, the filter DLF1191-AC can be used to eliminate this.
Accessories:
Detector heater DLH1191 for DLO1191, against condensation of the lens
Auxiliary tools:
Detector adjustment set DZL1191 consisting of:
Adjustment device
Test filter
Aiming device
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1.3 Operating principle
The linear smoke detector operates on the basis of the extinction principle, i.e. the reduction in light intensity due to smoke is measured. The transmitter (IRED) emits a strongly
focused infrared light bundle along the optical measuring section. Without smoke a large
part of the beams attains the reflector and is sent back in the same direction toward the
receiver. The arriving light produces an electrical signal on the photodiode of the receiver.
Receiver
Transmitter
Measuring section
ReflectorDetector
Fig. 1 Linear smoke detector without smoke
If smoke penetrates the measuring section, part of the light beams is absorbed by the smoke
particles while another part is scattered by the smoke particles, i.e. the light beams merely
change direction. The remaining light reaches the reflector. The remaining light is then reflected and once again passes t hrough the m easuring section a nd is f urther attenuated. T hus only
a small portion of the beam reaches the receiver and the signal (S
smoke
) becomes smaller.
Smoke particles
Scattering
Scattering
Scattering
Light beam Residual light
Absorption
Fig. 2 Measuring principle of the linear smoke detector with smoke
Extinction = Absorption + Scattering
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2 Technical data
Normal ambient conditions, if nothing else is specified:
Temperature T
a
=20°C (293K)
Air pressure: p = 1’000hPa (750 Torr)
2.1 Collective mode
Value
Parameters Symbol Unit min. typ. max. Conditions
Operating voltage
(quiescent)
U
b
V 18 28
Maximum permissible voltage U
max
V 30
Switch-on current I
e
mA 2.8
Operating current
(quiescent condition)
I
b
mA 1.5 2.8
Alarm voltage at IA = 1 ... 10mA U
A
V 5 11
Alarm current at Ub = 24V I
A
mA 40 75
Reset voltage U
R
V 2 6
Reset current I
R
µA 5 500
Reset time (UR = 2V) t
R
s 2
Response indicator
Voltage
Current
Flashing frequency
U
ie
I
ie
V
mA
Hz
3
1
6
60
100
permanent
pulsed
f ≥0.5Hz, Duty Cycle 50%
depending on line module
Connection factor KMK – – 25 – maximum 1 detector per
detection line
2.2 Interactive Mode
Value
Parameters Symbol Unit min. typ. max. Conditions
Operating voltage
(quiescent)
U
b
V 21.2 33.3 modulated
Operating current
(quiescent condition)
I
b
mA 1.5
Baud rate kBd 4.8
Response indicator
Flashing intervals: light
dark
Response indicator current
ms
s
mA
20
1.5
15
depending on control unit
Connection factor IMK – – 10 – Isolator factor = 1
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2.3 General data
Value
Parameters Symbol Unit min. typ. max. Conditions
Distance between detector and
reflector
Additional area
(without approval)
L m 8
5
1008<10m filter DLF1191-AA
Filter DLF1191-AB
Response sensitivity
reduced
standard
increased
D
1
%
%
%
65
50
30
Attenuation of the beam
(forward and return path)
Compensation (if beam is
attenuated)
Compensation speed
%
%/h
50
4
Self-test interval min. 15
Alarm integration s 6 16 Dependent on diagnosis
Fault activation % >90 Attenuation of the beam
IR transmitter
Wavelength
Pulse frequency
Pulse length
nm
Hz
µs
880
6
25
Attenuation of the beam
Elektromagnetic compatibility V/m 50 1MHz...1GHz
Operating temperature T
a
°C –25 +60
Humidity ≤30°C
>30°C
≤95% rel.
≤29g/m
3
Storage temperature T
l
°C –30 +75
Colour: pure white ~RAL9010
Detector heater DLR1191 / DLH1191
Supply voltage U
H
VDC 20 30
Operating current I
H
mA 33 50
Resistance R Ω 600
Classification
Standards BS 5839: Part 5
CE conformity marking
Application category IEC 721-3: 3K6
Test category IEC 68-1: 25/060/42
Protection category EN60529 / IEC529: IP65
Compatibility
To AlgoRex interactive fire detection system with AlgoLogic S11
To Cerberus control units with collective detector evaluation
Environmental compatibility:
Easy to overhaul
Easy to uninstall and disassemble
Plastic material identifiable through embossed code
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3 Design and principle of operation
3.1 Detector
Special filter
Connector adjustment device
Programming switch
Detector heater terminal
Locking screw
Knurled screw
for vertical adjustment
Knurled screw
for horizontal adjustment
Locking screw
Reed contact (initialization)
Response indicator
Receiver lens
Transmitter lens
Sighting device
Sighting device (foresight)
(mirror with backsight)
Fig. 3 Detector
3.2 Structure of the infrared beam
The infrared beam emitted by the transmitter to the reflector is not a strictly parallel bundle
of rays. It exhibits a certain degree of scattering which makes it conical in shape. The radiation energy decreases towards the outside, so that the beam can be divided into the
three effective, core and scattered regions. The reflector possesses the characteristic to
retransmit the received light.
Effective region Core region Scattered region
DLO DLR
Fig. 4 Structure of the infrared beam
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The effective region corresponds to the ribbon connecting transmitter, reflector and re ceiver.
The core region contains sufficient radiation energy to operate the system.
The energy in the scattered region is not sufficient to ensure reliable operation of the
system.
100m
DLO
DLR
ø1,5m
0,43°
Opening angle
0,43°
Diameter of the
core region
Infrared beam
Fig. 5 Diameter of the core region
3.3 Alignment possibilities
The infrared beam can be adjusted by each 10° in horizontal direction and each 5° in
vertical direction from the centre axis. When selecting the optimum mounting location
bear in mind that this adjustment range can be fully used. Experience has shown that
the detector and reflector should be arranged as parallel as possible especially with
distances of >50m, as this makes adjustment simpler.
Diameter of the
core region
100m
16m16m
DLR
10°
10°
DLR
DLO
Fig. 6 Horizontal adjustment range of the optical system max. 10° each side of the axis
Diameter of the
core region
5°
5°
100m
8m
8m
DLR
DLR
DLO
Fig. 7 Vertical adjustment range of the optical system max. 5° above and below the
axis
One rotation of the knurled screw moves the beam at 100m approx. 1.15m.
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3.4 Reflectors
Retroreflectors reflect the received light beam in parallel to the latter. For this reason the
reflector does not have to be installed thereby mandatory right–angled to the infrared
beam. Also vibrations and distortions of the reflector mounting wall do not cause any
problems. Another advantage is that any extraneous light is also reflected in its own direction and consequently does not reach the receiver.
Reflector
Reflector
Reflector
max. ±20°
max. ±20°
Fig. 8 The reflector and reflector foil can be mounted inclined max. ±20° in all
directions
DLR1191 prism
The retroreflecting prism has the shape of a pyramid whose lateral faces are formed by
isosceles orthogonal triangles. Light beams entering through the base are completely reflected twice on the lateral faces and reflected back through the base.
The prism is installed in a housing that is identical to the one used for the detector base.
The reflector is equipped with a reflector heater at the factory. If dew condensation is possible the heater should be connected to a 24V supply.
Light beam
Fig. 9 DLR1191 reflector and reflection principle
DLR1192, DLR1193 reflector foil
This foil consists of microprismatic elements that are formed by transparent, synthetic
resin sealed to a plastic substrate. In principle, the reflector foil has the same effect (function) as the prism.
3.5 Compatibility
Interactive Collective
Fire detection system S11 S11, MS9
Control unit CS1140 CS11.., CZ10
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3.6 Description of block diagram
The transmitter 1 transmits the light pulses to the reflector 2. This transmits the light
pulses back to the receiver
3
. The light pulses are proportional to the signal current,
which is amplified in the preamplifier
4
and fed to the customer-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC)
5
. The microprocessor (µP) 6 synchronizes the receiver pulses with the trans-
mitter pulses so that no external pulse is evaluated.
The sensor-specific functions are contained in the ASIC. It is used to filter signals, pro-
cess signals using fuzzy algorithms, amplify signals and for the entire sequence control
which is synchronized with the µP.
The µP communicates with the control unit via the line interface
7
via terminals 8 and
the two-wire bus line. The detector receives commands which activate the type of operating mode, diagnostic stages etc. via the data interface which is integrated in the line interface. The detector transmits response signals, the results of diagnostic polling and status
signals back to the control unit.
With the help of the isolation function, sections which malfunction are “isolated”, so that in
the event of a short circuit, the entire bus line does not break down. Upon short circuit, two
“electronic switches” (FET) open automatically and isolate the line in the area where the
malfunction has occurred until the short circuit has been eliminated.
The internal response indicator (AI)
9
and the external response indicator 10 provide in-
dication of alarm and are activated by the control unit.
The 6 DIP switches
11
allow parameterization of the detector (see section 6.1).
The REED contact
12
serves to initialize the detector during commissioning (see section
6.4).
A detector heating device, which prevents condensation of the lenses, can be connected
to detector heating terminal
13
.
The DZL1191 adjustment device can be connected via connector
14
. The purpose and
function of the adjustment device is explained in section 6.3 (electronic alignment)
11 12
9
1
13
4
3
8
10
1
2
3
4
Transmitter
2
Receiver
Reflector
5 6 7
ASIC µP
Pream-
plifier
Line
interface
4
5
6
+
_
YXWV
+
_
ZMB
–
+
–
+
24V
–
+
Reed internal AI
external AI
DIP switches
Adjustment
14
Detector heating
Test point for production
Reserve
contact
device
device
Fig. 10 Block diagram
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3.7 Functions in operation with interactive system
3.7.1 Emergency operation
If the DLO1191 can no longer be polled by the control unit, for example, due to a µP failure, it switches automatically to emergency operation. In the event of a fire this detector is
still able to trigger a collective alarm.
3.7.2 Line isolation function
If a short circuit occurs on the detector bus line, detectors with separator prevent failure of
the entire bus line because only the defective portion of a line is isolated. The DLO1191
features such a isolation function. Before and after the detector an electronic switch
(FET) is installed in the bus line. This switch opens automatically in the event of a short
circuit and the defective portion of the detector line is disconnected.
3.7.3 Diagnostic facilities
A detector can transmit four events to the control unit:
Danger level 0 (quiescent value)
Danger level 1 (possible danger)
Danger level 2 (probable danger)
Danger level 3 (highly probable danger)
Danger level 1 For early warning where installation locations are critical, the number of times the thresh-
old to danger level 1 is exceeded is counted by the control unit. When the counter reaches
a preset value an information «application warning» is displayed. This information is registered in the event memory of the basic parameterization of the control unit.
Danger level 2 The occurence of danger level 2 causes the actuation of an information «Warning» in the
basic parameterization of the control unit. This information is also actuated in the event
memory of the basic parameterization of the control unit.
Danger level 3 As a rule, this is a precondition for direct alarm actuation. Dual or multiple cross-zoning is
possible through corresponding programming of the control unit.
Response threshold 1...3 corresponds to danger levels (G1 ... G3) for standard sensitivity
Time
Signal [%]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0% compensation value
100% response threshold 3 (G3)
85% response threshold 2 (G2)
70% response threshold 1 (G1)
Signal
NF = Compensation
max. NF
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3.7.4 Self-test / functional state
Periodically or on request by the control unit a comprehensive detector self-test is initiated which monitors the signal amplifier and the EEPROM.
Also periodically monitored are the compensation value, line voltage, etc. The entire signal path is monitored with the compensation value. If the compensation value is too high
or too low, a corresponding signal is generated.
If the detector signals status changes, the control unit is able to read out the cause from
the detector memory.
«Functional state 0» corresponds to «Normal state»
«Functional state 1» corresponds to «Information»
e.g. thermal turbulence, repeated interruption of the beam, condensation
«Functional state 2» corresponds to «Impairment»
e.g. compensation value too high/too low, voltage at reservoir capacitor is too low
«Functional state 3» corresponds to «Fault»
e.g. data fault in the EEPROM, beam interruption, compensation value is invalid
3.8 General detector functions
3.8.1 Alarm algorithms
Compensation value
The compensation value (NFW) is the reference variable for the actual measurement signal. All thresholds, diagnostic functions and self-checking are based on the current compensation value.
The first compensation value (NFW) is set at the time of initialization. It is subsequently
updated approx. every 60 minutes to compensate a slow drift of the measurement signal.
This drift can be caused, for example, by contamination of the detector optics.
The maximum compensation is 50% of the total signal of 100%.
Response threshold
The response threshold corresponds to a danger level.
An alarm algorithm is activated when the response threshold drops.
According to the sensitivity setting, the response threshold is higher or lower.
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Response threshold 3 of the different sensitivities
Time
Signal [%]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0 % NFW
30% response threshold 3
50% response threshold 3
65% response threshold 3
(low)
(high)
(standard)
NFW = Compensation value
Smoothing
The measuring signal is measured with a 6Hz clock. The raw data are processed with
so-called ”smoothing filters” for subsequent evaluation. In this way extreme peak values
caused by signal interference are ”smoothed”.
An alarm is triggered based on the smoothed signals.
Time
Raw data
Smoothing
Counts
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”Smoothing filter”
Time
Signal [%]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0% compensation value
(NFW)
30% response threshold 3
(standard)
3 sec. 12 sec. 48 sec.
0 sec.
Measured
value
A
A
AC
C
C
50% response threshold 3
65% response threshold 3
(high)
(low)
Smoothings
B
NFW x 1.5
120
130
140
150
Three “smoothing filters” A, B and C are used. They are characterized by the time it takes
to reach response threshold 3 of the corresponding sensitivity setting.
If the smoothed signal reaches response threshold 1 or 2, in the interactive system the
corresponding mode is activated by means of the corresponding danger level. These levels are not evaluated in the collective system.
If the smoothed signal reaches response threshold 3, the alarms in the alarm counter are
added up. Upon reaching the given value, danger level 3, i.e. an alarm is activated.
According to the diagnosis made, other alarm parameters are automatically selected:
Diagnosis “Fire or slowly-developing fire” ⇒ alarm activation after ≤ 6s
(smoothing A + 20 alarm counts)
Diagnosis “Noise or repeated interruption” ⇒ alarm activation after ≤ 16s
(smoothing C + 20 alarm counts)
Diagnosis “Test filter” ⇒ alarm activation after ≤ 10s
(smoothing A + 40 alarm counts)
Smoothing filter B filters out reflections.
Reflecting or shining surfaces, which are too near at the path of the beam, can impair the
detector.
Smoothing B > actual compensation value x 1.5 = reflection
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Application diagnoses
The detector has an automatic diagnosis evaluation facility based on complex fuzzy algorithms. The raw data are treated by 4 different filters. Each filter assesses a special characteristic of the signal: Gradient, noise, asymmetry, jump.
Filter
Typical events and results for the 4 filters:
Time
U
Raw data
Fire
Time
Gradient indicator
G
Thermal turbulence
Time
U
Raw data
Time
R
Noise indicator
Repeated interruptions
Time
U
Raw data
Time
A
Asymmetry indicator
Test filter
Time
U
Raw data
Time
S
Jump indicator
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3.8.2 Fuzzy Logic
The different «filtered» and smoothed signals are combined with fuzzy logic. A diagnosis
is prepared automatically and on-line.
Principle of the fuzzy logic
Gradient
Noise
Signal
Fuzzification
Regulating
Defuzzification
Jumps
Asymmetry
Signal
Condensation
Beam
EMI
Test filter
interruption
Modification
of alarm
criteria
Diagnosis/
misapplication
warning
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3.8.3 Possible diagnosis results
1. Fire
The detector registered a signal which corresponded to a normal fire with the necessary
extinction and activated an alarm.
If this turns out to be a false alarm, then most probably an aerosol was present in the room
which simulated the development of a genuine fire and caused the necessary extinction.
Possible remedy: – Less sensitive setting
2. Slowly developing fire
The detector registered a signal which corresponded to a slowly developing fire and upon
sufficient extinction activated an alarm.
In the event of a false alarm the diagnosis could point to possible condensation.
Possible remedy: – Install detector heating
– Less sensitive setting
3. Thermal turbulence / electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Thermal turbulence points to powerful air circulation. This is mainly caused by air hea-
ters, baking ovens, furnaces etc.
Thermal turbulence and/or powerful electromagnetic interference generate “noise”
which is filtered out by the algorithms. However , if it exceeds a certain strength and duration, it can still lead to detector impairment.
Possible remedy: – Remove detectors from such an environment.
4. Repeated interruption
Repeated interruption of the beam is caused by moving objects, such as cranes, ladders,
decorations etc. or also by powerful electromagnetic interference which has an effect on
the detector.
Normally, in time this leads to fault signals being activated, but also results in unwanted
alarms.
Possible remedy: – Such applications must be avoided
5. Test filter
If the test filter is held in the infrared beam, it causes a sudden decrease in signal strength
without however, reaching zero.
This characteristic causes the detector to activate an alarm after approx. 10s.
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4 Planning
4.1 General project engineering principles
The linear smoke detector DLO1191 is due to its detection principle and its large monitoring surface for certain applications an attractive detector.
If local national regulations exist concerning application, have this priority!
4.2 Operating conditions
The distance between DLO1191 and reflector must be between 5m and 100m.
There must be a permanent, clear line of vision between detector and reflector.
The monitoring IR beam may not be interrupted by moving articles, e.g. overhead
cranes, ladders, transportable articles, spiders’ webs etc.
Turbidity of visibility caused by operations-related dust, steam or smoke development can impair the system.
The mounting place of the detector must be statically absolutely stable, since the allowable deviation of the monitoring beam amounts to max 0,43° (see section 3.2).
Concrete and brick walls mostly fulfill these characteristics.
Pure wood and steel constructions are usually unsuitable, there temperature and hu-
midity variations, wind or snow pressure influence such constructions.
The monitoring beam must have free view at least 30cm on all sides, so that no unwanted reflections develop.
Frontal incidence of sunlight, light from halogen lamps, etc. on the DLO1191 should be
avoided if possible (to high temperature).
For the service staff the detector must be at any time well accessible.
Cleaning and adjusting works are badly executable on ladders. Suitable equipment
for this purpose includes fixed catwalks, platforms, ”Skyworker” etc.
The alarm activation of the DLO is based on the light attenuation caused by smoke (extinction). The accumulation of smoke in a fire is adequately dense usually only in the
”smoke plume”, in order to produce sufficient extinction for alarm activation.
For this reason always mount the DLO1191 in the vicinity of the ceiling (see Fig. 21 for
distances). It must not be too close to or too far from the ceiling.
For very high rooms we recommend to arrange additional DLO1191 on different levels (see section 4.6.3) and/or additionally to install flame detectors.
If careful attention is not given to these points, the linear smoke detector system
cannot function correctly and sometimes later leads to insoluble problems with
unwanted activation of fault and alarm signals.
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4.3 Fields of application
4.3.1 Examples of suitable fields of application
Basically whenever point type smoke detectors do not offer the best solution and where
linear smoke detectors comply with the operating conditions in section 4.2 and thus have
as regards application, installation and price.
Use Reason
Buildings with ceilings of historical interest Point type detectors on the ceiling unwanted
Installation on the ceiling not possible
Atria (Malls), detection at different levels Point type detectors due to height inacces-
sible and detection of smoldering fire is im-
possible
Large and high halls Lower capital investment
Churches No impairment of the ceiling by installation
and point type detectors
Long corridors, cable and energy ducts with >3m
room height
Lower capital investment
Aircraft hangars with sturdy building construction
and flame detectors alone are insufficient
Lower capital investment
Sawtooth roofs, where point type detectors must be
lower suspended
Lower capital investment
4.3.2 Examples of unsuitable fields of application
Use Reason
Buildings of wooden or steel construction, without
statically stable mounting surfaces
Insufficient building static, too large beam
deviation caused by changing environ-
mental influences
Low rooms or halls with crane tracks Beam interruptions by moving persons or
objects
Production rooms, garages with diesel engine ve-
hicles
False alarms through accumulation of
smoke, dust, steam etc.
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4.4 Monitoring areas with flat ceilings
Max. width of monitored
area determined by height
of room (section 4.11)
Distance from ceiling min. 30cm,
max. 60cm for rooms <10m high
(section 4.10)
Distance between DLO11.. and
reflector 5 ... 100m
Min. gap between two parallel
beams determined by distance
DLO11.. and reflector
(section 4.9)
min. 30cm
Fig. 11 Detector layout in areas with flat ceilings
4.5 Monitoring areas with sloping ceilings
To be defined as «sloping», a ceiling must have an angle of inclination of at least 11°
which corresponds to 20cm/m. With gable roofs which have a slope of >0.5, always arrange a monitoring beam in the gable area.
Example:
Calculation of the slope n
4.5.1 Additional DLO1191’s on the slope of the ceiling
The number of DLO1191’s required results from the maximum permissible monitoring
width shown in section 4.11
1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
Fig. 12 Arrangement with 3 monitoring beams on a sloping ceiling
a
n
b
n +
a
b
ǒ
4m
10m
+ 0,4
Ǔ
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1/3 1/6 1/6 1/3
Fig. 13 If the ceiling slopes only slightly (N <0.5), the monitoring beam in the gable is
unnecessary
Height of room
Booth distances determined by height of room
When the sides of the roof are unequal, the unit must be displaced
from the centre towards the less
steep side.
Fig. 14 Positioning underneath unequal sloping ceilings
With sloping ceilings the smoke is channelled into the gable, i.e. there is an increased
smoke concentration in this area. Therefore, the monitoring width per DLO1 191 can be
increased according to section 4.11
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4.6 Monitoring areas with joist constructions
Note that the term «joists» also covers such structures as air conditioning ducts which are
mounted up to 0.15m below the ceiling.
In principle linear smoke detectors must be placed in the inter-joist area. Due to economic
reasons this is not possible, layout underneath joist constructions is also permissible according to 4.6.1
4.6.1 Layout underneath joist construction
The linear smoke detector can be mounted below the joists, if:
the joist height is less than 2O% of the total height of the room
If the width of the inter-joist area is 50% of the maximum broad of surveillance
or if the inter-joist area is 200m
2
When calculating the width of the monitored area that only the distance up to the joist
construction counts as the height of the room h.
h: Height for determining max. width of monitored area
100%
h < 20%
min. 30cm
Fig. 15 Detector layout underneath joist construction
4.6.2 Layout within the joist area
When the joist construction is more than 2O% of the total height of the room, than the
joists must be considered as room dividers and each section must be individually monitored.
100%
> 20%
When distance exceeds max. monitored area
mount more than one DLO11.. per section
Min. gap between two parallel
beams determined by distance
Fig. 16 Detector layout within joist construction
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4.6.3 Detection of smouldering fire in high rooms
In order that smouldering fires or smaller fires with weak thermal current can be detected
even in high rooms, a second or a third IR beam must be arranged at the assumed height
of the spread of smoke of a smouldering fire. This application can be useful for rooms
>6m in height.
3m up to 60%
Reflectors
of the room height
DLO1191
Fig. 17 Detection of smouldering fires in high rooms on different levels
Examples:
Room height
(highest level)
lowest level intermediate level
6m
12m
20m
3 – 4m
6 – 7m
6 – 7m
–
–
~12m
4.7 Guideline for distances between DLO1191 and reflector
Distance DLO1191 à reflector
Types and number of reflectors
5 – 10m
10 – 30m
30 – 50m
50 – 65m
20 – 100m
Short distance filter + 1 DLR1193
1 DLR1193
1 DLR1192
4 DLR1192
1 DLR1191
If a number of reflectors are used they must be arranged close together and in the form of
a square. Distances are approximate, i.e. they depend on detector and reflector tolerances and can easily vary by a few metres. The important thing is that sufficient signal
strength is achieved.
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4.8 Panes of glass
4.8.1 Penetration of panes of glass
With the reflector principle, the penetration of panes of glass is subject to certain restrictions.
1. Panes of glass must be absolutely smooth, clear and firmly installed.
2. Panes of glass must never be positioned at a right angle to the optical axis, in which
the pane of glass has the effect of a mirror and can reflect the beam back to the receiver (angle of incidence = angle of reflection).
3. As much as possible penetrate only one pane of glass. Maximum 2 panes of 5mm
glass may be penetrated.
4. Each pane of glass reduces the distance by 20m.
5. The detection is certain, if the signal decreases to <2 when the reflector is covered
(see section 6.3 electronic alignment).
DLO DLR
E
S
Pane of glass
Partial light scatter
Partial light scatter
DLO
DLR
E
S
Pane of glass
correct, the receiver is not affected incorrect, the receiver is affected
min. 10°
Fig. 18 With the penetration of panes of glass, check the angle in relation to the optical
axis
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4.8.2 Application example
DLO DLR
E
S
Glass wall
DLO DLR
Glass wall
Partial light scatter
Partial light scatter
DLR
Plan
Front elevation
DLR
DLR
correctly
positioned
incorrectly
positioned
DLR
DLR
DLO
Glass wall
correct
incorrect
position
position
Fig. 19 Application example for the penetration of panes of glass
4.8.3 Reflectors mounted on glass walls
If reflectors are mounted on glass walls, there is a danger that the glass and not the reflector will reflect the beam. This situation may only occur after commissioning if the glass
wall moves slightly . However, it does not occur if the beam strikes a glass wall at an angle
greater or less than 90°.
Recommendation: In such cases hit the beam in a light angle of 5° – 10°to the reflector,
in order that such reflections which cause interference can be avoided.
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4.9 Minimum distances between two pairs of detectors
The monitoring beam must not be mounted closer than 30cm to the ceiling, walls, installations and stored material.
In order to prevent the mutual interference of two or more DLO1191 detectors where
there is an increasing distance between DLO1191 and reflector, maintain an ever-increasing transverse distance between DLO1191 and reflector:
Distance DLO11.. and reflector
100
80
60
40
20
0 123456[m]
(m)
Fig. 20 Min. distance between two parallel IR beams
4.10 Beam spacing from the ceiling
In order that the IR beam can detect the smoke, it is normally mounted immediately beneath the cushion of warm air. The higher the room, the further away the DLO1191 and
the reflector should be mounted from the ceiling.
0.3 0.5 1.0 1.5
0
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
(m)
(m)
Room height
Sloping ceiling
(N > 0,2)
Flat ceiling
(N < 0,2)
Fig. 21 Distance from IR beam ⇒ ceiling
The steeper the gable roof, the greater the distance must be between the IR beam in
the gable and the ridge.
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4.11 Maximum monitoring width
The monitoring width can be increased with increasing room height.
Room height or mounting height
20
15
12
10
8
6
4
3
(m)
(m)
8 101112131415
9
max. monitoring width
Fig. 22 Monitoring width dependent on the room height
If the monitoring beam is set at a low level in order to detect smouldering fire, then instead
of room height the distance between floor and detector applies. However, to cover increased risks a narrower monitoring width can be chosen.
4.12 Measures for dividing long distances
DLO DLO
DLR
DLO1191s can negatively influence each other if mounted face-to-face. In such an arrangement a sufficiently large plate must be mounted between the reflectors.
4.13 Measures against condensation
If the DLO1191 or the reflector is mounted on cool outside walls, in rooms in which high
humidity and rapid increase in temperature (e.g. sunshine on non-insulated roof) are to
be expected, the detector heating unit DLH1191 must be used to prevent. Condensation
of the front cover cause trouble or false alarms. For this application and for short distances, use the reflector DLR1191 with built-in heating.
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4.14 Installation locations
When installation locations are rigid and vibration-free even a large temperature fluctuation (e.g. between day and night) has only slight influence on steel girders and therefore
does not greatly alter the structure of a building. However , if the installation location is not
rigid, the closely bundled infrared beam can quickly wander from the receiver and so
cause an alarm or trouble signal. Unstable installation locations include:
the walls of rooms constructed of steel which expand and contract due to the temperature coefficient of steel
masonry walls on which a steel roof has been constructed
In such cases the DLO1191 must be mounted on the rigid structural element, meanwhile
the reflector can be mounted on the instable wall.
Reflector
incorrect
DLO11..
0,43°
28.8mm
3.83m
Roof length = 80m
Fig. 23 Deflection of the IR beam caused by heat on the steel roof
The linear expansion of steel:
l (mm) x ∆T (°C) x linear coefficient of expansion (0.000012) = mm
Example:
80,000 x 30 x 0.000012 = 28.8mm
Reflector
DLO11..
correct
Fig. 24 Possible solution by mounting of the DLO1191 on the stable surface and mount-
ing of the reflector on the instable wall
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4.15 Accessibility
The DLO1191 must always be easily accessible also in high halls for commissioning and
servicing. Suitable equipment for this purpose includes fixed ladders, catwalks, etc. or
safe mobile equipment such as stacker trucks, sky-workers etc.
Fig. 25 Difficult and dangerous work using a ladder
Fig. 26 Precise and safe work using a permanent platform
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5 Installation
5.1 Mounting
Surface mounting directly on the wall (minimum clearance to ceiling and other obstacles at least 30 cm)
153,5
135
135
4,5
Base DLB1191
45
PG16
115
Detector module DLA1191
Mounting plane DLO1191: Response indicator
always at the bottom!
Fig. 27 Installation of the DLO1191
Mounting plane DLR1191
Reflector heating must
be mounted beneath
Reflector DLR1191
45
65
PG16
153,5
135
135
4,5
Fig. 28 Installation of the DLR1191 reflector
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5.2 Wiring
The detector is installed with a twisted 2-wire line from base to base. Ring and stub lines
are admissible.
The DLB1191 base contains a terminal block with 6 terminals for connecting the detector
to the line and for connecting the external response indicator.
5.2.1 Special filter
For distances ≤10m insert the corresponding short distance filter (7–10m DLF1191-AA,
5–8m DLF1191-AB).
In the e vent o f i nfluence f rom e xternal l ight, i nsert t he c orresponding f ilter ( DLF1191-AC) ( not
possible, if short distance filter is inserted).
Special filter
Fig. 29 Insertion of special filter
5.2.2 Detector heater
In the event of danger of condensation the installation of the detector heater is recommended (Note: Supply voltage 24V necessary).
A terminal block is supplied together with the detector heater for connecting the detector
heater and is latched in the base opposite the terminal block.
Connection adjustment unit
Connection
detector heater
Fig. 30 Connection of the detector heater
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5.3 Interactive mode
In interactive mode the number of linear smoke detectors is limited.
Connection factor IMK = 10 for one DLO11911
5.4 Collective mode
In collective mode only one detector may be connected to a detector line.
Connection factor KMK = 25
5.5 Connection
Connection diagram interactive mode
Auxiliary supply for detector heater (option) 24V
Response indicator
+
_
YXWV
+
_
ZMB
DLB1191
–
+
–
+
+
–
Detector bus
–
+
«MB» = IRED pulse signal (for adjusting
the lenses during detector production)
«Z» = auxiliary terminal
Fig. 31 Connection diagram for interactive mode
Connection diagram collective mode
«MB» = IRED pulse signal (for adjusting
the lenses during detector production)
«Z» = auxiliary terminal
Detection line
Response indicator
termination
Auxiliary supply for detector heater (option) 24V
Line
–
+
–
+
+
_
YXWV
+
_
ZMB
DLB1191
+
–
Fig. 32 Connection diagram for collective mode
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6 Commissioning
6.1 Settings
Remove the detector cover
Set the DIP switches
The DLO1191 can be operated either on an interactive DS11 line or a collective line. The
choice between collective and interactive line is made with DIP switch [S4].
The detector has 3 sensitivity settings («Reduced», «Standard», «Increased»). The re-
sponse threshold is set with DIP switch [S1], [S2].
The transmitter intensity (strong, weak) can be set with DIP switch [S3].
The DIP switch [S3] which governs the transmitter intensity is set to «strong» by default. If
the signal amplitude is too high (display on the adjustment unit: Range = 13, signal > 50),
the transmitter can be set to «weak». If the measurement section is ≤10m, a supplementary filter must be installed.
Function S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
Reduced sensitivity
OFF
ON
Standard sensitivity
ON
OFFONOFF
Increased sensitivity
ON
OFF
Weak transmitter signal
ON
Strong transmitter signal
OFF
Collective system
ON
Interactive system
OFF
Reserve
«S6 ON»
Alarm at beam interruption
(< 60s)
ON
*
«S6 OFF»
Fault at beam interruption
(< 30s)
OFF
* Operating conditions according to BS 5839: Part 5
Fig. 33 Settings
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6.2 Mechanical adjustment
Install the alignment device on the detector.
The mirror with backsight and the foresight must be firmly mounted to be free from play!
Unfasten the locking screw.
Align the detector lens to the reflector.
The detector lens can be adjusted with the knurled screws.
Rough adjustment via backsight and foresight so that the target (reflector) and the fore-
sight opening are aligned with the reticule. Attaching a pocket torch to the reflector side
or illuminating the reflector with a spotlight simplifies the rough adjustment procedure.
Switch on the detection line.
Connect the adjustment unit to the detector.
Attention: At first use insert a new battery!
Switch the adjustment unit to «ON» and «AUTO-RANGE». The correct range will be
measured automatically.
When the mechanical adjustment is correct, a signal > 2 should be available on the ad-
justment unit. This signal changes strongly when the knurled screw is turned.
Remove the aiming device.
Knurled screw
for vertical adjustment
Knurled screw
for horizontal adjustment
Reflector
Foresight
Mirror
Eye
Locking screw
Locking screw
with backsight
Fig. 34 Mount the aiming device and align the detector to the reflector
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6.3 Electronic alignment
Switch to «AUTO-RANGE».
With the knurled screws fine-adjust the detector lens to the maximum signal (adjust-
ment set display switched to «RANGE»).
The knurled screws should be turned slowly in order to avoid large signal jumps.
When the maximum value is obtained (must be between min. 4 and max. 13), switch to
«FIX-RANGE» and adjust to the maximum value «SIGNAL». Caution! If the signal value is >60, switch back to «AUTO-RANGE» in order to adjust the range, and then readjust to the maximum value «SIGNAL».
The «RANGE» and «SIGNAL» indication on the adjustment device should both be attain a maximum value. If «Range» is 13 and «Signal» ≥60, the transmitter signal
(switch S3) must be set to weak.
Engage the locking screws.
Switch the adjustment set to «FIX-RANGE».
Cover the reflector.
With a dark cover interrupt the IR beam: the signal should decrease to <2. If this is not
the case the detector has not been aligned correctly to the reflector but to reflecting obstacles in the environment of the measurement section. Repeat the adjustment procedure!
Disconnect the adjustment set from the detector.
Reinstall the detector cover.
Connection adjustment set
#
#
#
Fig. 35 Adjustment set
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6.4 Initialization
To initialize the detector, a reed relay located near the internal response indicator (A) is
activated with a magnet. The initialization is signalled with a flashing response indicator.
Reed relay rear of the
Magnet
response indicator
Fig. 36 Initialization with the magnet
During the initialization the working range of the electronics («RANGE»), the compensation value, all smoothing algorithms and diagnostics, and the status are set to an initial
value. All required thresholds are calculated. At the same time a self-test is performed.
Initialization with the magnet.
Place the magnet directly behind the response indicator (AI) in order to activate the
Reed relay (Attention! Black point = magnet).
As soon as the response indicator flashes, the compensation value is formed
(approx. 30 sec.). During this time the measurement should not be interfered
with: No manipulations on the detector and no interruption of the IR beam.
When the initialization is completed, the AI turns off. If any procedural error has been
made, a new initialization can be started at any time with the magnet.
Test alarm with test filter.
Place the test filter immediately in front of the detector and cover the entire measure-
ment window. When an alarm is triggered, the response indicator flashes after approx.
5 seconds (interactive), or after approx. 10 seconds (collective).
The commissioning is now completed.
6.5 Addressing in the interactive system
The addressing is the same as in stationary equipment. The addresses of the individual
detectors are assigned in the sequence in which each detector is set into alarm condition. But first the control unit must be switched to «Address distribution mode».
A test alarm can also be combined with the addressing.
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7 Faults / overhaul
7.1 Fault
If the detector is removed a fault is triggered (detection line interruption). Close the detector monitoring contact in the base of the interactive system.
Too powerful a signal: «RANGE» 13, Signal ≥60: Set switch S3 to weak.
Too weak a signal: «RANGE» 4, Signal ≤50: Set switch S3 to strong or enlarge the
reflector dimension.
7.1.1 Interruption to beam
An interruption to the beam can be evaluated as an alarm or a fault depending on the S6
Dip-switch setting.
If it is evaluated as a fault, this function can be correctly tested by covering the reflector
with non-reflective material. When covering the reflector, depending on the material
used, reflections of up to approx. 10m can still cause an alarm by the material reflecting a
weakened signal to the receiver.
Interruptions of the beam by moving objects are to be avoided. These can lead to inadvertent alarms or disturbances.
7.2 Reflection
If a specular surface comes too close to the measurement section or near the detector, a
reflection can occur. Reflections can lead to an amplified signal.
This can cause unwanted faults with both systems (interactive, collective).
7.3 Checklist for trouble-shooting
Is the building structure stable?
Is the detector solidly mounted and are all screws tightened?
Is the correct type of reflector installed?
Are the Dip switches S1 – S6 set correctly?
Is the correct voltage connected to the detector
Are the range and signal really adjusted to the absolute maximum?
Does the signal fall to 0 if the reflector is covered?
Was the detector initialized after adjustment with cover mounted?
Is the beam sometimes interrupted by obstacles (crane, decorations, spiders’ webs
etc.)
Is the beam sometimes subject to mist, steam or dust?
Is there danger of condensation?
Does the sun or another powerful light source impinge on the detector direct?
Do radiators have an influence on the beam (thermal turbulence)?
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7.4 Functional check / overhaul
The detector self-test subjects the DLO1191 automatically to an extensive electronic
functional check. Nevertheless it is necessary to physically check the functions on site in
regular intervals by triggering the detector with a suitable test filter (usually once per
year). Detectors that do not respond or which are mechanically damaged must be replaced.
If an information or fault signal is transmitted during operation, the status bits in the
EEPROM of the detector can be read out with the service computer. A preliminary diagnosis on the cause can be established based on this information.
All detector hoods and reflectors should be cleaned regularly with a soft piece of cloth
which is either dry or soaked with Plexiklar , or a mild soap solution, depending on the environmental conditions and severity of contamination at the installation site. Do not use
any solvents or steam jets.
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8 Terminology
AlgoLogic Protected trade-mark
(Algorithm + Logic)
Algorithm Special calculation method in the detector processor for
optimizing the smoke sensitivity , noise immunity, and operational
reliability
BS British Standard
CC11 AlgoControl fire detection system control unit for the S11 fire
detection system
DIP switch Microswitch
DLO1191 Linear smoke detector
EEPROM Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EMI Electro Magnetic Influence
FET Field Effect Transistor
Fuzzy logic Imprecise logic
IMK Load factor for interactive elements
IR Infrared
IRED Infra-Red Emitting Diode
KMK Load factor for collective elements
NFW Compensation value (reference variable)
µp Microprocessor
Range Working range of the electronics
S11 Fire detection system S11
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e1276ee1276d Doc. no
Edition
Replaces
09.2000
Siemens Building Technologies
Cerberus Division
Siemens Building Technologies AG
Cerberus Division
CHĆ8708 Männedorf
Alte Landstrasse 411
Tel.
Fax
www.cerberus.ch
+41 1 - 922 61 11
+41 1 - 922 64 50
Cerberus
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