SHARP PW-E260 User Manual

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In Europe:

This equipment complies with the requirements of Directive 89/336/ EEC as amended by 93/68/EEC.

Dieses Gerät entspricht den Anforderungen der EG-Richtlinie 89/ 336/EWG mit Änderung 93/68/EWG.

Ce matériel répond aux exigences contenues dans la directive 89/ 336/CEE modifiée par la directive 93/68/CEE.

Dit apparaat voldoet aan de eisen van de richtlijn 89/336/EEG, gewijzigd door 93/68/EEG.

Dette udstyr overholder kravene i direktiv nr. 89/336/EEC med tillæg nr. 93/68/EEC.

Quest’apparecchio è conforme ai requisiti della direttiva 89/336/EEC come emendata dalla direttiva 93/68/EEC.

Este equipamento obedece às exigências da directiva 89/336/CEE na sua versão corrigida pela directiva 93/68/CEE.

Este aparato satisface las exigencias de la Directiva 89/336/CEE, modificada por medio de la 93/68/CEE.

Denna utrustning uppfyller kraven enligt riktlinjen 89/336/EEC så som kompletteras av 93/68/EEC.

Dette produktet oppfyller betingelsene i direktivet 89/336/EEC i endringen 93/68/EEC.

Tämä laite täyttää direktiivin 89/336/EEC vaatimukset, jota on muutettu direktiivillä 93/68/EEC.

∏ ВБО·Щ¿ЫЩ·ЫЛ ·˘Щ‹ ·УЩ·ФОЪ›УВЩ·И ЫЩИ˜ ··ИЩ‹ЫВИ˜ ЩˆУ Ф‰ЛБИТУ ЩЛ˜ ∂˘Ъˆ·˚О‹˜ ∂УˆЫЛ˜ 89/336/∂√∫, ﬁˆ˜ Ф О·УФУИЫМﬁ˜ ·˘Щﬁ˜ Ы˘МПЛЪТıЛОВ ·ﬁ ЩЛУ Ф‰ЛБ›· 93/68/∂√∫.

Introduction

Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Electronic Dictionary, model PW-E260.

The PW-E260 contains data based on the following dictionaries (see page 9):

• Oxford English Minidictionary

• Oxford Mini Thesaurus

•Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary

• Oxford Essential Geographical Dictionary

• Guide for Puzzle Solving

After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference.

NOTICE

• SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/or malfunction of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law.

• The specification of this product and its accessories, as well as information provided in this manual, is subject to change without prior notice.

CAUTION

• Do not carry the PW-E260 in the back pocket of trousers.

• Do not apply excessive physical pressure on the LCD panel because the glass material may break.

• Do not drop the PW-E260 or apply excessive force to it. Bending the unit unduly can damage it.

• Do not subject the PW-E260 to extreme temperatures. Do not expose the unit to an extremely humid or dusty environment.

• Do not apply extreme force when pressing the keys.

• Sharp or hard objects can scratch and damage the unit. Make sure it is adequately protected when carried with other objects.

• Since the unit is not waterproof, do not use it or store it where fluids can splash onto it. Raindrops, water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also cause malfunction.

• Clean only with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents.

• Use only a SHARP approved service facility.

NOTES

• Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries.

• All company and/or product names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

CONTENTS

Getting Started

Using the PW-E260 for the first time ............................................ 5

Layout ......................................................................................... 11

Basic operation ........................................................................... 14

Set-up menu ............................................................................... 21

Inputting characters .................................................................... 23

Using the

Oxford English Minidictionary

Looking up a word by Filter search ............................................ 26

Phrase search ............................................................................. 28

Crossword solver ........................................................................ 29

Anagram solver........................................................................... 29

Spell-check function ................................................................... 30

Further information ..................................................................... 31

Using the

Oxford Mini Thesaurus

Looking up a word by Filter search ............................................ 32

Phrase search ............................................................................. 34

Further information ..................................................................... 34

Using the

Oxford-Hachette French-English Dictionary

Looking up a word by Filter search ............................................ 35

Phrase search ............................................................................. 37

Further information ..................................................................... 37

Using the

Oxford-Hachette English-French Dictionary

Looking up a word by Filter search ............................................ 38

Phrase search ............................................................................. 40

Further information ..................................................................... 40

Using the

Oxford Geographical Dictionary

Looking up an entry by Filter search ......................................... 41

Further information ..................................................................... 42

Using the

Guide for Puzzle Solving

Looking up a word ...................................................................... 43

Further information ..................................................................... 44

Using the Super jump function

How to use the Super jump function .......................................... 45

Using the History function

How to use the History function ................................................. 47

Using the Calculator function

Prior to initiating calculations ..................................................... 49

Calculation examples ................................................................. 50

Using the Converter function

Currency converter ..................................................................... 51

Metric converter .......................................................................... 52

Appendices

Replacing the battery ................................................................. 54

Reset procedure if trouble occurs .............................................. 56

Specifications ............................................................................. 57

Troubleshooting .......................................................................... 59

Product Support .............................................................................. 60

Introductions to the Dictionaries

Oxford English Minidictionary .................................................... 61

Oxford Mini Thesaurus ............................................................... 66

Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary ............................... 68

Oxford Essential Geographical Dictionary ................................. 78

Guide for Puzzle Solving ............................................................ 84

Getting Started

Using the PW-E260 for the first time

Be sure to perform the following operations before using the PW-E260 for the first time.

1. Set the battery replacement switch on the

bottom of the unit to the ‘REPLACE BATTERY’ position.

2. Remove the battery cover.

3. Inser t the battery. Make sure the battery

polarity is correct.

4. Replace the battery cover.

5. Set the battery replacement switch to

the ‘NORMAL OPERATION’ position.

6. Open the unit and press

turn the power on. The language selection screen will

appear.

• Should a different screen appear, follow the reset procedure on page 56.

• If the power cannot be turned on:

• Make sure the battery replacement switch is placed at the

‘NORMAL OPERATION’ position, then press

again.

• If the power still cannot be switched on, try following steps 1 through 6 in the above procedure again.

7. Press

(English) or F (French) to select the desired display language (In this English manual, E is selected.).

The LCD contrast screen will appear.

• Once selected, the display language cannot be switched without initializing the unit.

8. Adjust the LCD contrast by using

[

or ], and press

The key sound on/off screen will appear.

9. Select Y or N to turn the key sound on/off. The Main menu screen will appear.

• The LCD contrast and the key sound settings can be adjusted later in the Set-up menu.

Turning the power on/off

The power can be switched on by pressing the keys listed below. To turn off the power, press

Key

m d

t g s j a

Display status upon start-up

Restores the display as it was before the unit was switched off (Resume function).

The main menu screen appears. The menu/initial screen of each dictionary and/or

function appears (Direct-on function).

Auto power off function

To save the battery, the PW-E260 will automatically turn its power off if no key operations are detected for a set period of time. The initial activation interval setting is 5 minutes, but it can be adjusted by following the directions on page 21.

To attach a commercially available strap

A carrying strap can be attached, as shown in the picture below (strap not included).

Caution:

• Do not swing the unit by the strap, or use excessive force to pull the strap. Doing so will cause a malfunction or hardware damage to the unit.

Back of the unit

Backlight

This product has a built-in backlight, which allows you to view the display and use the product even in low-light conditions. Pressing (Backlight) once illuminates the display until you have not pressed any keys for approx. 1 minute or press again.

Note:

• Use the backlight in low-light conditions. It will drain power from the operating batteries and significantly reduce battery life.

• The backlight may remain on for less than 1 minute when

displayed.

Key notation used in this manual

•Keys are often assigned with more than one function. The appropriate key/function will be shown according to the input status.

will be shown as either ‘Q’, ‘1’ or ‘1’ depending on the input

status.

will be shown as either ‘G’ or ‘+’ depending on the input

status.

• The functions indicated with green typeface are second functions. Press and release

, then press an appropriate key.

^ l

directs to press and release ^, then press

(f).

^ w

directs to press and release ^, then press

(<).

Data contained in the PW-E260

The dictionary data contained in this unit are based on the following dictionaries:

• Oxford English Minidictionary, 6th edition © Oxford University Press 2004

• Oxford Mini Thesaurus, 3rd edition © Oxford University Press 2003

•Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary, 3rd edition © Oxford University Press and Hachette Livre 2005

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press.

* The data includes some words that are, or are asserted to be,

proprietary names or trademarks. Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes a nonproprietary or general significance, nor is any other judgment implied concerning their legal status. In cases where the editor has some evidence that a word is used as a proprietary name or trademark, this is indicated by the designation ‘propr.’ or ®, but no judgment concerning the legal status of such words is made or implied thereby.

• The data content of each dictionary is mostly retained faithful to the original. However, some sections of the dictionary contents have had to be altered due to the limitations of the LCD display and for other reasons; these modifications have been implemented under the provisions of the publisher(s). In some rare cases, misspellings and/or mistypings may be found; these are ‘errors’ that have been retained unmodified from the source dictionaries.

Note:

•For information on the contents of the dictionaries, see Introductions on pages 61–84.

• Information such as illustrations, photographs, reference and some appendix data (including the preface, etc.) found in the book version of the dictionaries are not featured in this product.

• In this manual, the

Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary

regarded and referred to as two separate dictionaries – ‘

Oxford-

Hachette French-English Dictionary

’ and ‘

Oxford-Hachette English-

French Dictionary

’.

• In this manual, ‘

Oxford Geographical Dictionary

’ refers to ‘

Oxford

Essential Geographical Dictionary

’.

• Please contact Sharp Electronics (UK) Ltd. should you have any questions on the contents of the ‘

Guide for Puzzle Solving

’ (see

page 60).

Layout

Display symbols

Display

Menu key

Clear key

Font size shift key

Backspace key

Escape key

Power on/off key

Dictionary/function selection keys

2nd function key

Utility keys for Dictionaries

Page scroll keys

Cursor keys

Enter key

Backlight key

Key assignments

: Opens the menu screen for the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

and the

Oxford Mini Thesaurus

: Opens the initial screen for the

Oxford-Hachette French-

English Dictionary

: Opens the initial screen for the

Oxford-Hachette English-

French Dictionary

: Opens the initial screen for the

Guide for Puzzle Solving

: Opens the initial screen for the

Oxford Geographical

Dictionary

: Opens the calculator function screen

: Opens the history list of each dictionary

:Brings up a ‘digest’ view of descriptions

: Initiates a search of a term in a detail view of each

dictionary

: Selects a Note icon in a detail view

: 2nd function key

Activates the second function (printed in green above or below keys) assigned to the next key pressed.

: Illuminates the display to view in low-light conditions

Display symbols

This symbol will be displayed when the battery level is low. Promptly replace the old battery with a new one.

Indicates that the key sound (beep) is set to ON.

Indicates that ^ has been pressed.

These arrows suggest that more contents can be browsed by scrolling up/down the window.

{ }

: Press to scroll up/down per text row.

< >

: Press to scroll up/down per visible window.

Note:

• In this manual, symbols are not shown in the display examples.

Operation guidance message

A brief guidance message may appear at the bottom of the screen to help you utilize functions more effectively.

Basic operation

Inputting words for a dictionary search

In this section, the basic search operation is described. For details, refer to the manual chapter for each dictionary.

Find definitions of ‘convenience’ in the

Oxford English Minidictionary

1. Press

d 1

to display the

initial screen for the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

, then type ‘conven’. The

entries starting with ‘conven’ are listed.

2. Type ‘i’ to narrow down the list further. If the desired word is found, then you do not need to type any more letters.

3. While the ‘

’ indication is visible on

the left of ‘convenience’, press

• Press

to go back to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the headwords in the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

Note:

• Refer to the section ‘Inputting characters’ on page 23.

•To learn different searching methods from those above, refer to the manual chapter for each dictionary.

Selecting a dictionary / function in the main menu

Press

The main menu appears.

• Select an item by its index number using the number keys (

through

). The initial screen of the selected item appears.

• The desired item can also be selected by using the

{ } [ ]

keys, followed by pressing the

key.

List view: selecting an item; scrolling

Press

d 1

to display the

initial screen of the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

, then press

. The

list view of the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

appears.

Selecting an item or a word

Use the corresponding number key to the index number on the left of each item, or use the { or } key to place the cursor on the desired item, followed by pressing the

key.

Scrolling the view

‘ ’ and/or ‘ ’ may appear on the left side of the screen, indicating that more information can be browsed by scrolling up/down the view.

1) Press

}

once to scroll down one text row. To scroll back one text

row, press { once.

2) Press

to scroll down a page. Press < to scroll the page up.

• Press and hold these keys to continuously scroll the lines/pages.

Filter search view: selecting an item; scrolling

Press

d 1

, then type A,

and B. ‘ab’ is entered, and words starting from

‘ab’ listed.

Selecting each entry

Use

} {

to place the cursor (indicated as ‘ ’ on the left of the

listed items) at the desired entry, then press

. The detail view

of the entry appears.

Scrolling the view

Refer to the section ‘Scrolling the view’ in the previous section, ‘List view: selecting an item; scrolling’.

Detail view: scrolling

Press

d 1

, then type A, and

. The detail view with definitions

appears.

Browsing contents above/below the screen

‘ ’ and/or ‘ ’ may appear on the left side of the screen, indicating that more information can be browsed by scrolling up/down the view. Use } { or

Scrolling up/down to the previous/next entry header

Press ^ n to show the next entry header. To show the previous entry header, press ^

Other useful keys

: Returns to the previous view

: Shows the input screen of each dictionary or the initial

display of a function

^ l

: Shows the list view starting from the previously displayed

header

Shifting the displayed character size (z)

Press the

key to shift the character size to be displayed.

12 dot-based (vertical pixel resolution) or 8 dot-based characters can be selected. For instance, press

to display the 12 dot

characters to 8 dot characters. Press

again to toggle back the

displayed characters to 12 dot-base.

12 dot-based (default) 8 dot-based

• The character size setting will be retained until the next time

is pressed.

• The

key is functional in the following views:

• The list view, detail view, filter search view or Quick view of each dictionary

• The Super jump window

• The contents of the Note

• The character size setting is saved for each dictionary in both the list view (including filter search view and Quick view) and the detail view.

Recalling the terms previously searched (h)

The history of up to 30 items in each dictionary is automatically stored, and can be recalled easily by selecting the word in the history list. (For more information, see page 47.)

Listing a summary of detail view items (q)

The Quick view function suppresses some examples and additional information, and lists the main sections and senses from each detail view entry. Use this function to browse quickly through the summary of an entry.

1. In the detail view shown on page 17,

press

The Quick view screen appears.

2. While the relevant sense or section is on the screen, select the

desired item by the index number. The detail view of the selected sense/section appears.

• Press

in the Quick view to display the detail view.

Searching a word on the screen (v)

A word in the detail view can be selected for searching. (For more information, see page 45.)

Browsing Notes (r)

A Note icon ( ) may appear in the detail view. This indicates that a note can be selected to view extra information (Spelling note, etc.) of the entry.

Press

to select the icon. If more than one icon is visible, then

the topmost icon will be selected, and use the

} { ] [

keys to

select the desired icon if necessary, then press

to view the

contents. To e xit, press

twice. The first push of the f key closes the

contents view, then the second deselects the icon.

Browse the Note contents of ‘affect’ in the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

1. Open the detail view of ‘affect’.

2. Press

. The Note icon will be

selected (reversed).

3. Press

. The contents of the

Note is displayed.

Note:

Using the

key will display the following:

• Oxford English Minidictionary

• Spelling note

• Oxford-Hachette French-English Dictionary

• Note

• Oxford-Hachette English-French Dictionary

• Note

• Oxford Geographical Dictionary

• Additional information

Set-up menu

Press

to display the main menu,

then press 9. The set-up menu appears. Select a desired item to change the

setting.

•To delete the history list, see page 48.

Setting the key sound on/off

The key sound (a short audible beep when a key is pressed) can be set to on or off.

1. Press

m, 9

, then 1, to toggle the key sound on or off.

A splash message appears to indicate the change of setting, then the main menu will be displayed.

Setting the Auto power off activation time

This product automatically turns its power off to save the battery. The auto power off time is set to five minutes by default.

1. Press

m, 9

, then 2.

The Auto power off setting screen appears.

2. Use the

{, }, [

and ] keys to select (reverse) the desired

duration, then press

The time will be set, then the main menu will be displayed.

Adjusting the LCD contrast

Select this menu item to adjust the LCD contrast.

1. Press

m, 9

, then 3.

2. To adjust the LCD contrast, use the

[

(Lighter) key or ] (Darker)

key, then press

to return to the main menu.

Inputting characters

Methods of inputting characters are described in this section.

Character entry

A simple example of inputting characters is shown below.

Enter a word ‘rédaction’ for search.

1. Press

to open the initial screen of the

Oxford-Hachette

French-English Dictionary

2. Type ‘rédaction’.

On the keyboard, press R, E, D,

A, C, T, I, O

, then N.

Note:

•To enter accented or European characters, enter their unaccented or alphabetical equivalents as shown in the examples below.

• ‘æ’, ‘ç’ and ‘œ’ -> enter ‘ae’, ‘c’ and ‘oe’ respectively.

• ‘é’, ‘à’ and ‘û’ -> enter ‘e’, ‘a’ and ‘u’ respectively.

Word Entry for search

déjà deja août aout

• Convert uppercase letters to lowercase.

• Spell out the numbers when applicable.

Word Entry for search

AC ac UK uk

Word Entry for search

catch-22 situation catchtwentytwosituation

• While entering characters, exclude characters such as spaces, hyphens, apostrophes, slashes and periods.

Word Entry for search

de luxe deluxe

avant-garde avantgarde

didn’t didnt

c/o co

a.m. am

• Enter ‘and’ instead of ‘&’.

Modifying entry

Deleting unnecessary characters

1. Press

d 1

to open the initial screen of the

Oxford

English Minidictionary

2. Type ‘external’.

3. While the cursor is at the end of the string, press

(

three times to

delete ‘nal’.

4. Next, press

[

three times to move

the cursor under the letter ‘t’.

5. Press

(

once to delete a character on the left of cursor. ‘x’ will be

deleted.

Adding characters

6. In the above example, press

to insert a letter ‘n’ on the left of the cursor. The search will be narrowed with the word ‘enter’.

Note:

• Press b to delete all characters entered.

Using the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

In this dictionary, the definitions of a word can be found by entering its spelling. Features such as Phrase search, Crossword solver, Anagram solver and Spell-check are also available.

Looking up a word by Filter search

The definitions of a word can be looked up by inputting its spelling.

Find definitions of ‘advance’.

1. Press

d 1

to open the

Oxford English Minidictionary

The input screen appears.

2. Type in the spelling of ‘advance’. As you type, candidates for matching narrow. If the desired word is

found, then there is no need to type any more letters.

3. While ‘

’ appears on the left of ‘advance’, press

. The

detail view of the word appears.

•To browse contents on the next/previous page, press

} {

> <

. You may also find the Quick view function useful.

• If a word selected is a close derivative of a headword, it may not have its own definitions. In these cases, it is helpful to scroll up within the detail view to find the definitions of the headword itself.

•To search for a word in the detail view, use the Super jump function.

• Press

to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the headwords in the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

•To search for a different word, simply input the spelling for the new word, or press b or

d 1

to go to the

dictionary's input screen.

If there is no match found

As you input the spelling of the desired word, the dictionary will narrow down the matching candidates. If the match is narrowed down to none (i.e. no word starting with the spelling is found in the dictionary), the message ‘similar words’ appears.

In this case, press

to list the dictionary entries alphabetically

after the entered spelling.

Note about entering characters

While entering characters, exclude characters such as spaces, hyphens, apostrophes, slashes and periods. See page 23 for details.

Note:

• The wildcard character ‘?’ must not be entered in the input field of the dictionary. The wildcard character ‘?’ can be used in the Crossword solver (see page 29).

• Up to 24 characters can be entered in the input field of the dictionary. When searching words containing 25 characters or more, narrow down the search to select the words from the list manually.

Browsing Notes

When the icons appear in the detail view, a note can be selected and browsed. For details, refer to pages 19–20.

Phrase search

To search for compounds or phrases, enter up to three words in the input field. The phrases containing ALL the entered words can be searched for.

Search for a phrase containing ‘take’ and ‘off ’.

1. Press

d 1

to open the

Oxford English Minidictionary

Press

}

once to place the cursor at the ‘Phrase search’, then

press

The input screen of the Phrase search appears.

Type ‘take’, press }, followed by ‘off’. To input more than one word, input

each word in the separate input field. Use the

} {

keys to move the

cursor. Each input field can accommodate up to 24 characters.

3. Press

. A list of phrases containing the words appears. If no matching phrase is found, then a message ‘Not Found!’ will

momentarily be displayed.

4. Select the desired index of the phrase using the number key(s). The definition of the selected phrase is displayed.

• Press

to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the index of phrases containing the

words.

•To search for a new phrase, simply begin inputting new words, or press

to go back to the input screen to start a new search.

Crossword solver

Use a wildcard character ‘?’ to search for words with ambiguous spellings. Place the appropriate number of ‘?’ characters in the places of characters yet to be determined.

Find a matching word for a query ‘ma???n’.

1. Press

d 1

to open the

Oxford English Minidictionary

Press the

}

key twice to place the cursor at the ‘Crossword

solver’, then press

The Crossword solver's input screen appears.

2. Type ‘ma???n’ into the input field. Press the ? key three times to enter ‘???’.

3. Press

to start the search.

A list of the wildcard matches appear. Up to 100 words may be displayed in the list.

4. In the list, select a desired word using the number keys. The detail view with definitions of the selected word appears.

• Press

to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the headwords in the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

•To initiate another search, simply type in the new spelling or press

to return to the input screen of the Crossword

solver.

Anagram solver

A word or series of letters can be entered to find any matching anagrams found in the

Oxford English Minidictionary

Find anagrams for ‘dear’.

1. Press

d 1

to open the

Oxford English Minidictionary

Press the

}

three times to place the cursor at the ‘Anagram solver’, then press

. The input screen of the Anagram solver appears.

2. Place ‘dear’ in the input field, then press

to initiate the

search. Up to 100 words may be displayed in the list.

3. In the list of matches, use the number keys to select a word. The detail view with definitions of the selected word appears.

• Press

to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the headwords in the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

•To initiate another search, simply type in the new spelling or press

to return to the input screen of the Anagram solver.

Spell-check function

The spell-check function can be helpful when the exact spelling of a query word is not known.

You are not sure whether ‘liason’ or ‘liaison’ is correct.

1. Press

and 6 to open the input screen of the spell-check function.

2. Enter ‘liason’.

3. Press

to initiate the spell-

check function. Words with similar spellings will be listed.

• While ‘Searching... Press [ENTER] to break’ is visible, press

to stop the search. Note that if the search is

interrupted, the list of possible results may not include all the closest matches.

• If the word is typed with the correct spelling, it will appear at the top of the displayed list.

• If two or more words with an identical spelling are found in the list, then the relevant headword will also be displayed, after an arrow symbol.

4. In the list, select a desired word using the number keys. The detail view with descriptions of the word is displayed.

• If a word selected is not in its original form, and cannot be found as a headword, then the detail view of the word's original form will be displayed. It may be necessary to scroll down within the detail view to find the desired word form.

• Press

to go back to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the headwords in the

Oxford English

Minidictionary

Note:

• Up to 100 words may be displayed in the list.

If the list of words does not appear as expected:

• Searching words with particular spellings may take more time to complete than others.

• If no word is given, a message ‘Not Found!’ will momentarily be displayed, followed by the input screen of the spell-check function. In this case you may wish to start the search again with a new spelling for the word.

Further information

For further information on using this dictionary, see pages 61-65.

Using the

Oxford Mini Thesaurus

Input a word in this thesaurus to find its synonyms, as well as antonyms and other related terms in the detail view.

Looking up a word by Filter search

Find a set of alternative words by inputting the spelling of a given word.

Find a set of alternative words for ‘make’.

1. Press

d 2

to open the

Oxford Mini Thesaurus

The input screen appears.

2. Type ‘make’. As you type, candidates for matching

narrow. If the desired word is found, then there is no need to type any more letters.

3. While ‘ ’ appears on the left of ‘make’, press

. The detail view of the

word ‘make’ appears.

•To browse contents on the next/ previous page, press

} {

> <

. You may also find the

Quick view function useful.

• Press

to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the headwords in the

Oxford Mini

Thesaurus

•To search for a different word, simply begin inputting a new word, or press

d 2

to go to the input

screen of the

Oxford Mini Thesaurus

If there is no match found

The same message appears as for the

Oxford English Minidictionary

See page 27 for details.

Note about entering characters

While entering characters, exclude characters such as spaces, hyphens, apostrophes, slashes and periods. See page 23 for details.

Note:

• Up to 24 characters can be entered in the input field. When searching words containing 25 characters or more, narrow down the search to select the words from the list manually.

Phrase search

To search for phrases, enter up to three words in the input field. The phrases containing ALL the entered words will be found.

Search for a phrase containing ‘swill’ and ‘out’, and find its synonyms.

1. Press

d 2

to open the

Oxford Mini Thesaurus

Press

}

once to place the cursor at the ‘Phrase search’, then

press

The input screen of the Phrase search appears.

2. Type ‘swill’, press

}

, followed by ‘out’.

To input more than one word, input each word in the separate input field. Use the

} {

keys to move the cursor. Each input field can accommodate up to 24 characters.

3. Press

. A list of phrases containing the words appears. If no matching phrase is found, then a message ‘Not Found!’ will

momentarily be displayed.

4. Select the desired index of the phrase using the number key(s). The detail view of the selected phrase is displayed.

• Press

to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the index of phrases containing the

words.

•To search for a new phrase, simply begin inputting new words, or press

to go back to the input screen to start a new search.

Further information

For further information on using this thesaurus, refer to the Introduction on pages 66–67.

Using the

Oxford-Hachette

French-English Dictionary

In this dictionary, English translations or equivalents of French words can be found by entering their spellings. Phrase search is also available for French words.

Looking up a word by Filter search

A translation of a French word can be looked up by inputting its spelling.

Find the translation of ‘avance’.

1. Press

to open the

Oxford-

Hachette French-English Dictionary

The input screen appears.

2. Type in the spelling of ‘avance’. As you type, candidates for matching narrow. If the desired word is

found, then there is no need to type any more letters.

3. Use } and { to move ‘ ’ to point to the desired word, then press

. The detail view of the word appears.

•To browse contents on the next/previous page, press

} {

> <

. You may also find the Quick view function useful.

•To search for a word in the detail view, use the Super jump function.

• Press f to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the headwords in the

Oxford-Hachette

French-English Dictionary

•To search for a different word, simply input a new spelling for the word, or press

to go to the dictionary's input

screen.

If there is no match found

The same message appears as for the

Oxford English Minidictionary

See page 27 for details.

Note about entering characters

While entering characters, exclude characters such as spaces, hyphens, apostrophes, slashes and periods. See page 23 for details.

Note:

•To enter accented or European characters, enter their unaccented or alphabetical equivalents.

• Up to 24 characters can be entered in the input field of the Dictionary. When searching words containing 25 characters or more, narrow down the search to select the words from the list manually.

Browsing Notes

When the icons appear in the detail view, a note can be selected and browsed. For details, refer to page 19–20.

Phrase search

To search for idioms or compounds, enter up to three words in the input field. The phrases containing ALL the entered words can be searched for.

Search for a phrase containing ‘poire’ and ‘soif’.

1. Press

to open the

Oxford-Hachette French-English

Dictionary

2. Press

}

once, then press

. The input screen of the Phrase

search appears.

3. Type ‘poire’, press

}

, followed by

‘soif’. To input more than one word, input

each word in the separate input field. Use the

} {

keys to move the

cursor. Each input field can accommodate up to 24 characters.

4. Press

. A list of phrases containing the words appears.

5. Select the desired index of the phrases using the number key(s).

The translation of the selected phrase is displayed.

• Press f to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the index of phrases containing the

words.

•To search for a new phrase, simply begin inputting new words, or press

to go back to the input screen to start a new search.

Further information

For further information on using this dictionary, see pages 68-77.

In this dictionary, French translations or equivalents of English words can be found by entering their spellings. Phrase search is also available for English words.

Looking up a word by Filter search

A translation of an English word can be looked up by inputting its spelling.

Find the translation of ‘advance’.

1. Press

to open the

Oxford-Hachette English-French

Dictionary.

The input screen appears.

2. Type in the spelling of ‘advance’. As you type, candidates for matching

narrow. If the desired word is found, then there is no need to type any more letters.

3. Use

}

and { to move ‘ ’ to point to the desired word, then

press

. The detail view of the word appears.

•To browse contents on the next/previous page, press

} {

> <

. You may also find the Quick view function useful.

•To search for a word in the detail view, use the Super jump function.

• Press f to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the headwords in the

Oxford-Hachette

English-French Dictionary.

•To search for a different word, simply input a new spelling for the word, or press b or

to go to the dictionary's input

screen.

Using the

Oxford-Hachette

English-French Dictionary

If there is no match found

The same message appears as for the

Oxford English Minidictionary

See page 27 for details.

Note about entering characters

While entering characters, exclude characters such as spaces, hyphens, apostrophes, slashes and periods. See page 23 for details.

Note:

• Up to 24 characters can be entered in the input field of the dictionary. When searching words containing 25 characters or more, narrow down the search to select the words from the list manually.

Browsing Notes

When the icons appear in the detail view, a note can be selected and browsed. For details, refer to pages 19–20.

Phrase search

To search for idioms or phrasal verbs, enter up to three words in the input field. The phrases containing ALL the entered words can be searched for.

Search for a phrase containing ‘take’ and ‘off ’.

1. Press

to open the

Oxford-Hachette English-French

Dictionary

2. Press

}

once, then press

. The input screen of the Phrase

search appears.

3. Type ‘take’, press

}

, followed by ‘off’.

To input more than one word, input each word in the separate input field. Use the

} {

keys to move the

cursor. Each input field can accommodate up to 24 characters.

4. Press

. A list of phrases containing the words appears.

5. Select the desired index of the phrases using the number key(s). The translation of the selected phrase is displayed.

• Press f to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the index of phrases containing the

words.

•To search for a new phrase, simply begin inputting new words, or press

to go back to the input screen to start a new search.

Further information

For further information on using this dictionary, see pages 68-77.

Using the

Oxford Geographical

Dictionary

Geographical information on nearly 10,000 places around the world can be found in this dictionary.

Looking up an entry by Filter search

Find geographical information about ‘Seattle’.

1. Press

to open the

Oxford

Geographical Dictionary

The input screen appears.

2. Input the spelling of ‘Seattle’. As you type, candidates for matching narrow. If the desired entry is

found, then there is no need to type any more letters.

3. Use

}

or { to move ‘ ’ to point to

the desired entry, then press

The detail view of the entry appears.

•To browse contents on the next/ previous page, press

} {

or > <. You may also find the

Quick view function useful.

•To search for a word in the detail view, or to search for an item indicated under

, use the Super jump function.

• Press

to return to the previous view.

• Press

^ l

to list the entries in the

Oxford Geographical

Dictionary

•To search for different information, simply input the spelling for the new entry, or press

to go to the

dictionary's input screen.

Browsing Notes

When the icons appear in the detail view, a note can be selected and browsed. For details, refer to pages 19–20.

Further information

For further information on using this dictionary, see pages 78-83.

Using the

Guide for Puzzle Solving

In this dictionary, answers for word puzzles can be found from lists of answers arranged by category.

Looking up a word

Find a writer under four letters.

1. Press

to open the

Guide for

Puzzle Solving.

A list of categories appears. To scroll up/down the view, use

} {

and/or

> <

2. Use the number key to select ‘FAMOUS PEOPLE’.

A list of subcategories under the category ‘FAMOUS PEOPLE’ is displayed.

3. Press

twice, then 3,to select

‘Writers, Philosophers, and Scholars’. A list of answers under the subcat-

egory is displayed.

4. Press

and select ‘4

letters’. A list of answers under 4 letters is

displayed.

Note:

•To browse contents on the next/previous page, press

} {

•Truncated words in the list are indicated with a trailing ‘...’ at the end.

• Press f to return to the previous view.

•

Press

^ l

to view a list of subcategories under the category.

Further information

For further information on using this guide, see page 84.

Using the Super jump function

Use the Super jump function to select any word in the detail view of each dictionary, then initiate a search based on the selected word.

How to use the Super jump function

Initiate a Super jump search via the

Oxford English Minidictionary

1. In the

Oxford English Minidictionary

, show the detail view of the

word ‘function’.

2. Press

. The cursor appears to select the first word in the view.

3. Use the

} { ] [

keys to move the cursor (and its selection

of word) to a desired word.

• The pressing of

also moves the cursor to the

next.

4. While the desired word is selected, press

The Super jump window appears to display selectable items.

•A list of matching words is displayed. If the selected word is in a variant or inflected form, the original spelling may be displayed instead.

• If only one match is found, then the description of the item will be displayed in the Super jump window instead.

5. Use the number keys to select a desired word in the list (Press

in this example). The definition of the selected word is displayed in the Super jump

window.

• Press

to go back to the previous view.

• When ‘ ’ and/or ‘ ’ appears on the left side of the window,

}

{

> <

can be used to scroll the window.

6. Press

to jump to the definition

of the selected word. The detail view of the selected word

appears.

• Press

to display the previous view.

Note:

•A Super jump search from any of the dictionaries will return matching entries in the following dictionaries:

• Oxford English Minidictionary

• Oxford Mini Thesaurus

• Oxford-Hachette French-English Dictionary

• Oxford-Hachette English-French Dictionary

• Oxford Geographical Dictionary

Specifying a Dictionary to jump to

In step 4 above, press

d, t, g

instead of pressing

, to specify the dictionary to jump to.

Note icon in the Super jump window

When the Note icon appears in the Super jump window, press

and

to view the contents.

About the detail view after the Jump

• The behaviour and function of the detail view is the same as the detail view after an ordinary search.

• Press

at the detail view to go back to the dictionary's input

screen.

•A chain of multiple Super jump actions can be backtracked up to 10 times by pressing the

key.

Use the History function to recall a headword or phrase previously searched in the dictionaries.

How to use the History function

Recall the search history in the

Oxford English Minidictionary

1. Press

d 1

to open the

Oxford English Minidictionary

2. Press

. The history view appears, with the most recent search placed at the top of the list.

When ‘

’ and/or ‘ ’ appears on the

left side of the window,

} {

can be used to scroll the window.

3. Use the number keys to select a desired word in the list. The detail view of the selected word appears.

Note:

• Each dictionary has its own history list. Additionally, the

Oxford

English Minidictionary

, the

Oxford Mini Thesaurus

, the

Oxford-

Hachette French-English Dictionary

and the

Oxford-Hachette

English-French Dictionary

each has its own phrase search history

lists.

• The

Guide for Puzzle Solving

does not have a history list.

•To view the history list, press

at the initial screen of each

dictionary, and the initial screen of each phrase search.

•

Tr uncated words in the list are indicated with a trailing ‘...’ at the end.

• Each history list can contain up to 30 items. The oldest item will be deleted as item count exceeds 30.

Using the History function

Deleting a history item

1. Display the history list on the screen.

2. Use the

}

or { key to place the cursor on the word to be

deleted. The reverse colour indicates the selected item.

3. Press

(

. A confirmation dialogue for deletion appears.

4. Press

. The selected word or phrase is deleted.

Deleting the history list of a dictionary

1. Press

, then 9 to open the Set-up menu.

2. Press

to select ‘Deleting history’.

3. Use the number keys to select the history list you wish to delete. A confirmation dialogue for deletion appears.

•To delete all history lists, select ‘ALL’.

• Selecting ‘only DICT’, ‘only THES’, ‘only FR-EN’ or ‘only EN-FR’ will also delete the history list of each phrase search.

4. Press

. The selected history is deleted and the main menu

appears.

Using the Calculator function

The built-in calculator in the Electronic Dictionary can perform twelvedigit arithmetic calculations with memory function. To access the Calculator function, press a.

Prior to initiating calculations

• Before performing any calculation, press

@ @ b

clear the memory and the display.

•To start a calculation with a negative number, place a subtraction sign by pressing

at the beginning of the calculation.

• If you wish to correct a wrong entry, press

and re-enter the

figure.

• In the calculation examples found in this section, indications and icons that may appear on the screen (‘=’, ‘M+’, ‘M–’, ‘+’, ‘–’, ‘

’ and ‘÷’) are abbreviated or are not shown. These icons appear to show you the interim result of calculations. For example, the ‘=’ icon appears on the screen when = or % is pressed, while icons such as ‘M+’ and ‘+’ appear after each corresponding key has been pressed.

• An ‘M’ is shown when a value other than 0 is put in the memory. To clear the content of the memory, press

twice. Note that the

pressing of $ or # also functions as =.

• Press

to enter ‘=’. To input ‘.’ (decimal point), press .

• An error message ‘E’ is displayed if:

• the integer section of a calculation result exceeds 12 digits

• the memory exceeds 12 digits

• an attempt is made to divide a number by zero.

Press

to clear the error condition.

Calculation examples

Example

(–24)

4 – 2 =

34 + 57 = 45 + 57 =

25 =

40 =

What is 10% of 200? What percentage is

9 of 36? 200 + (200 × 10 %) = 500 – (500

20 %) = (43)2 =

1/8 =

25 ×5 =

–) 84

3 = +) 68 + 17 = (Total) =

135

(12 + 14) =

(12 + 14)

5 =

123456789098 × 145 =

Operation

! -

24 / 4 - 2

34 + 57 = The second figure (57) 45

becomes the constant.

(Subtraction and division are performed in the same way as above.)

68 * 25 = The first figure (68)

becomes the constant.

200

9 / 36

200 + 10

500 - 20

4 * = = *

8 /

@ 25 * 5

84 / 3

68 + 17

@ 12 + 14

135 * @

/ 5

@ @ b

123456789098 * 145

17.9012344192

(17.9012344192 × 1012 = 17901234419200)

Display

–8.

91.

102.

1,700. 2,720.

20.

25.

220.

400.

4,096.

0.125

125.

28.

85.

182.

26.

3,510.

5.2

The Converter function consists of two converters: the Currency converter and the Metric converter.

Note:

• There may be a slight error in the conversion result due to the rounding off of the number. Use the result for reference only.

Currency converter

Setting a currency rate

One conversion rate can be set.

Set the following rate: US$1 =

€

0.7

1. Press

m 8 1

to access the

Currency converter.

2. Press <. The input fields for the currency name and rate appear.

3. Use the

{ }

keys to place the cursor at the desired input field, then input the currency name and its rate. In this example, press } and input ‘0.7’.

• The currency name field of the Currency converter is temporarily pre-defined, as seen in the above example.

• When inputting the desired currency name, press

to clear

the input field and use no more than four letters. Use the

[ ]

keys to set the cursor on the left/right of the currently selected input field.

• In the left input field, enter the base currency name. In the input field on the right, place the currency name of which you wish to set the conversion rate.

Using the Converter function

• Up to 10 digits (excluding the decimal point) can be entered in the currency rate input field.

4. Press

. The currency name and its rate are set.

Converting currencies

The conversion calculation can be performed using the previously set conversion rate.

Convert

€

175 to US$ when setting the rate: US$1 = €0.7

1. Press

m 8 1

to display the currency converter.

2. Input ‘175’. You may input a simple formula, such as ‘35

5 =’,

instead.

3. Press

[

to execute the conversion from € to US$. The converted

value of US$250 is displayed.

• Pressing

]

executes a US$-to-€ conversion. In this case, the

converted value of €122.5 will be displayed.

• The

and arrows on the screen indicate the direction of

conversion.

•To initiate conversion of a different value, just enter the value to be converted, or press

to clear the value in the input field

prior to entering the new conversion.

• Press

to return to the Converter menu.

Metric converter

Conversions between different units of measurement (length, mass, etc.) can be performed.

Convert 40 feet to meters.

1. Press

m 8 2

to access the Metric converter.

2. Use

{ }

to select ‘Converter

[length2]’.

3. Input ‘40’. You may input a simple formula, such as ‘25 + 15 =’, instead.

4. Press ]. The value in feet is converted to the metric value.

• Press

[

to convert from the metric value to feet. In this case, the given value ‘40’ will be taken as the metric value to be converted to feet.

• The

and arrows on the screen indicate the direction of

conversion.

•To initiate conversion of a different value, just enter the value to be converted, or press

to clear the value in the input field

prior to entering the new conversion.

•

Use the } or { key to select one of the other Metric converters.

• Press f to return to the Converter menu.

Units capable of being converted

The following conversion formulas can be utilized.

length1: inch

⇔

length2: feet

⇔

length3: yard

⇔

length4: mile

⇔

weight1: ounce

⇔

weight2: pound

⇔

temperature: °F⇔°C

volume1: pint

⇔

litre

volume2: gallon(US)

⇔

litre

volume3: gallon(UK)

⇔

litre

surface area1: mile

⇔

surface area2: acre⇔hectare

Note:

•

Units and rates for metric conversions are based on ISO specifications.

• There may be a slight error in the conversion result due to the rounding off of the number. Use the result for reference only.

Replacing the battery

Battery used

• Use only the specified alkaline battery.

Appendices

Ty p e

Alkaline battery

Size / Model

Size ‘AAA’ / LR03

Quantity

Precautions

• Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could result in serious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water and immediately consult a doctor.

• Should fluid from a leaking battery come in contact with your skin or clothes, immediately wash with clean water.

• If the product is not to be used for some time, to avoid damage to the unit from a leaking battery, remove it and store in a safe place.

• Do not leave an exhausted battery inside the product. It may leak and damage the product.

•Keep batteries out of the reach of children.

• Incorrect handling of batteries may introduce risk of explosion.

• Do not throw batteries into a fire as they may explode.

• Make sure the new battery is the correct type before fitting.

• When installing, orient the battery correctly as indicated in the unit.

• The battery packaged with this product may be partially exhausted during the shipment and/or storage period, and may need to be replaced sooner than expected.

When to replace the battery

Replace the battery immediately in the following cases:

• When

is displayed.

• When the message ‘Replace the battery’ appears.

Note:

• If you do not follow the procedure describing the battery replacement, the History list, as well as the Calculator's memory, may be cleared or altered. Also, Currency converter and the Set-up menu configurations may be reset.

• When

is displayed, the backlight will not operate.

Replacement procedure

1. Switch off the power by pressing

2. Set the battery replacement switch located on the bottom of the unit to the ‘REPLACE BATTERY’ position.

3. Remove the battery cover.

4. Remove the used battery and insert the one new battery. Make sure the battery polarity is correctly oriented.

5. Replace the battery cover.

6. Set the battery replacement switch to the ‘NORMAL OPERATION’ position.

7. Open the unit and press

to turn the power on.

The LCD contrast screen appears.

• If the power cannot be switched on, try following steps 2 through 7 in the above procedure again. Should this fail, then follow the reset procedure on the following page.

8. Follow the instructions on the screen to adjust the LCD contrast, as well as to set the key sound on/off configuration (see steps 8 through 9 of the procedure on page 6.)

Reset procedure if trouble occurs

Exposure to a strong physical shock or powerful electrical fields may render the keys inoperable, to the point that the power cannot be switched on. If such case is suspected, try following the procedure below.

Reset procedures

1. Press the RESET switch located on the bottom of the unit with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip.

The message ‘Do you want to initialize?’ appears.

2. Press

to initialize the unit.

•A message ‘Initialized!’ is momentarily displayed.

• If N is selected, then the unit will not be initialized.

3. Follow the instructions on the screen to select the display language and adjust the LCD contrast, as well as to set the key sound on/off configuration (see steps 7 through 9 of the procedure on page 6.)

Note:

• The reset procedure will clear the History list and Calculator's

memory, as well as to reset the Currency converter and the Set-up menu configurations. To avoid these, you may press

at step 2 of the above.

• After the

key is pressed as in the case above, or even when the

key is pressed, the reset procedure may automatically be initiated due to corrupted data. When this occurs, the message ‘Initialized!’ will be displayed, followed by the display language selection screen. Follow the instructions on the screen, as well as to adjust the LCD contrast and set the key sound on/off configuration.

Specifications

Model: PW-E260 Product name: Electronic Dictionary Display: 159

64 dot matrix LCD

Number of entries: • Oxford English Minidictionary:

Approx. 90,000 words, phrases, and definitions

• Oxford Mini Thesaurus: Approx.130,000 alternative and opposite words

•Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary: Approx. 90,000 words and phrases, and approx. 120,000 translations

• Oxford Essential Geographical Dictionary: Nearly 10,000 places both modern and historical

• Guide for Puzzle Solving: More than 30,000 names, terms, clues, and answers for all kinds of word puzzles

Calculator function: 12-digit calculation of addition,

subtraction, multiplication, division, percentage, memory calculation, etc.

Converter function: 12-digit conversion of currency and

measurement

Power consumption: 0.17 W Operating temperature: 0°C - 40°C (32°F - 104°F) Power supply: 1.5 V …

–

(DC): Alkaline battery LR03

(size ‘AAA’) × 1

Battery Life: • Approx. 400 hours

If data is continuously displayed at 25°C (77°F) without backlight

• Approx. 100 hours If data is searched for 5 minutes and

displayed for 55 minutes per hour at 25°C (77°F) without backlight

• Approx. 70 hours If data is searched for 5 minutes and

displayed for 55 minutes with 2 minute backlight use per hour at 25°C (77°F)

Note: May vary according to various

usage conditions

Weight (including battery): Approx. 153 g (0.34 lb) Dimensions (when closed): 132.4 mm (W)

98.8 mm (D) × 13.5 mm (H) 5-7/32" (W) × 3-7/8" (D) × 17/32" (H)

Accessories: Alkaline battery LR03 (size ‘AAA’)

operation manual

Troubleshooting

Solutions to possible symptoms may be found here.

The unit cannot be switched on.

• Check if the battery is exhausted. See page 55.

• Check the battery replacement switch; it should be set at the ‘NORMAL OPERATION’ position. See page 5.

• Check the polarity of the battery. See page 5.

•Verify the LCD contrast setting; the power may be switched on, but the message on the screen may not be visible. See page 22.

• If the above settings appear normal, then press the RESET switch. See page 56.

The backlight cannot be switched on.

• Check if the battery is exhausted. See page 5.

The screen is dark or light.

• Adjust the LCD contrast. See page 22.

The key sound cannot be heard.

• The key sound may be set to OFF. See page 21.

The unit does not respond to a key press.

• Press the RESET switch. See page 56.

The unit shuts off automatically.

• The Auto power off function is in action. The activation interval of the Auto power off function can be adjusted. See page 21.

The desired word cannot be found.

•A variant form of the word may have been entered. Enter the original form.

• Use the Spell-check function to verify spellings.

Product Support

If you have read this operation manual, but you still require product support, you can:

Visit our web site http://www.sharp.co.uk

Or Telephone 08705 274277

Oxford English Minidictionary

Introduction to the Dictionaries

Introduction

The sixth edition of the

Oxford Minidictionary

belongs to the family of

dictionaries based on the

Oxford Dictionary of English

. It aims to provide up-to-date, compact coverage of the core vocabulary of current English in a highly portable format.

Definitions are written in a clear and accessible style using straightforward language, with the most common meanings of words placed first. A fresh, open layout and design makes the dictionary especially easy to use. Special notes throughout the text give extra help and guidance on difficult spellings, words that are easily confused with each other, and tricky points of usage. Pronunciations are given for words which might cause problems, using a simple respelling system.

The

Oxford Minidictionary

is an ideal quick-reference text for anyone requiring an informative, robust, and user-friendly guide to the English language of today.

Guide to the dictionary

Pronunciation (given for difficult words)

Headword

Sense number

Part of speech

Typical use

Spelling note

( )

Plural forms

Label showing where term is used

Verb inflections

Label showing how term is used

Compounds and phrases (in alphabetical order)

Example of use

Adjective inflections

Derivatives (in alphabetical order)

Cross-reference to another dictionary entry

Different spelling of headword (both allowed)

Label showing subject the entry deals with

vowels examples

a as in cat ah as in calm air as in hair

ar as in bar

aw as in law

ay as in say

e as in bed ee as in meet

eer as in beer

er as in her

ew as in few

i as in pin

as in eye

o as in top oh as in most

oi as in join

oo as in soon

oor as in poor

or as in corn

ow as in cow

oy as in boy

u as in cup uh as in

the first part of ago

uu as in book

y as in cry

yoo as in unit

yoor as in Europe

yr as in fire

Pronunciations

Pronunciations are given for words which might cause problems. The part of the pronunciation printed in bold is the syllable that is stressed.

List of symbols

consonants

examples

b as in bat

ch as in chin

d as in day

f as in fat g as in get h as in hat

j as in jam k as in king

kh as in loch

l as in leg

m as in man

n as in not

ng as in sing, finger nk as in thank

p as in pen

r as in red s as in sit

sh as in shop

t as in top

th as in thin

as in this

v as in van

w as in will

y as in yes z as in zebra

as in vision

Abbreviations that are in common use (such as cm, RC, US, and USA) appear in the dictionary itself.

Note on trademarks and proprietary status

This dictionary includes some words which have, or are asserted to have, proprietary status as trademarks or otherwise. Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes a non-proprietary or general significance, nor any other judgement concerning their legal status. In cases where the editorial staff have some evidence that a word has proprietary status this is indicated in the entry for that word by the label

trademark

, but no judgement concerning the legal status of such words is

made or implied thereby.

adj. adjective abbrev. abbreviation adv. adverb Austral. Australian Chem. Chemistry comb. form combining form conj. conjunction derog. derogatory esp. especially exclam. exclamation fem. feminine Geom. Geometry Gk. Myth Greek Mythology hist. historical Math. Mathematics n. noun Naut. Nautical

Abbreviations used in the dictionary

N. Engl. northern

English

offens. offensive pl. plural pl. n. plural noun possess. pron possessive

pronoun

past part. past par ticiple prep. preposition pres. part. present

participle

Sc. Scottish sing. singular usu. usually v. verb var. variant vars. variants aux. v. auxiliary verb

Oxford Mini Thesaurus

Note on trademarks and proprietary status

This dictionary includes some words which have, or are asserted to have, proprietary status as trademarks or otherwise. Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes a nonproprietary or general significance, nor any other judgement concerning their legal status. In cases where the editorial staff have some evidence that a word has proprietary status this is indicated in the entry for that word by the label

trademark

but no judgement concerning the legal

status of such words is made or implied thereby.

Guide to the thesaurus

Entries are divided into numbered sections according to sense. The first synonym in each section is the most useful and helps to identify its sense.

Most of the synonyms given are part of standard English, but some have restricted use. These are placed at the end of each group and have the following labels in front of them:

informal

, e.g.

swig

: normally only used in speech or informal writing.

formal

, e.g.

thereupon

: normally only used in writing, such as official

documents.

technical

, e.g.

admixture

. Words used in specific fields are labelled

Medicine, Nautical

, etc.

poetic/literary

, e.g.

plenteous

dated

, e.g.

rotter

historical

, e.g.

serfdom

: only used today to refer to things that are no

longer part of modern life.

humorous

, e.g.

posterior

archaic

, e.g.

aliment

: not in use today except for old-fashioned effect.

Synonyms are also labelled if they are exclusively or mainly British, Scottish, North American, Australian, or New Zealand expressions.

Austral. Australian Brit. British N. Amer. North American NZ New Zealand

adj adjective adv adverb n noun pl plural prep preposition pron pronoun v verb

Abbreviations

The structure of French-English entries

Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary

Preface

This new edition of the

Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary

has been extensively updated to reflect recent additions to both the French and English languages, with the needs of both the general and school user in mind. The dictionary provides comprehensive coverage of core vocabulary across a broad spectrum of contemporary written and spoken language, incorporating many idiomatic phrases and expressions. The wordlist is further enhanced by the addition of new words and phrases generated by recent developments in information technology, science, and popular culture, for effective and up-to-date communication.

Essential information on grammar, style, and pronunciation is provided in a convenient and accessible format, making the dictionary an ideal reference tool and study aid. The user is guided in selecting appropriate translations by clear examples of usage and construction and by information on the register of language, where required.

Designed to meet the needs of a wide range of users, from the student at intermediate level and above to the enthusiastic traveller or business professional, the

Pocket Oxford-Hachette Dictionary

is an invaluable practical resource for learners of contemporary, idiomatic French at the start of the twenty-first century.

The Editors

feminine form of the headword

headword

idioms in block at end of entry

pronunciation in IPA

compounds in block at end of entry

grammatical categories

part of speech plus gender

sense categories

sense indicators

style labels

translations

field labels for specialist terms

grammatical information

typical collocates — words used with the headword, shown to help select the right translation

cross-reference

approximate translation

examples

The structure of English-French entries

separate entries for compounds

idioms in block at end of entry

headword

phrasal verbs

grammatical categories and parts of speech

sense categories

style labels

translations

sense indicators

grammatical information

field labels for specialist terms

feminine ending in translation

typical collocates — words used wit

the headword, shown to help select the right translation

approximate translation equivalent

cross-reference

examples

Vowels

as in patte

/pat/

pâte

/pAt/

clan

/kl~A/

dé

/de/

belle

/bEl/

lin

/l~E/

demain

/d@m~E/

gris

/gRi/

gros

/gRo/

corps

/kOR/

long

/l~O/

leur

/l9R/

brun

/bR ~9/

{

deux

/d{/

fou

/fu/

pur

/pyR/

Semi-vowels

as in fille

/fij/

huit

/Hit/

oui

/wi/

Consonants

as in bal

/bal/

dent

/d~A/

foire

/fwaR/

gomme

/gOm/

clé

/kle/

lien

/lj~E/

mer

/mER/

nage

/naZ/

gnon

/J~O/

dancing

/d~AsiN/

porte

/pORt/

rire

/R iR/

sang

/s~A/

chien

/Sj~E/

train

/tR ~E/

voile

/vwal/

zèbre

/zEbR/

jeune

/Z9n/

The pronunciation of French

The symbols used in this dictionary for the pronunciation of French are those of the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet). Certain differences in pronunciation are shown in the phonetic transcription, although many speakers do not observe them—e.g. the long ‘a’

/A/

pâte

and the

short ‘a’

/a/

patte

, or the difference between the nasal vowels ‘un’

/~9/

as in

brun

and ‘in’

/~E/

as in

brin

Transcription

Each entry is followed by its phonetic transcription between slashes, with a few exceptions.

Morphological variations

The phonetic transcription of the plural and feminine forms of certain nouns and adjectives does not repeat the root, but shows only the change in ending. Therefore, in certain cases, the presentation of the entry does not correspond to that of the phonetic transcription e.g.

électricien, -ienne

/elEktRisj~E, En/

Phrases

Full phonetic transcription is given for adverbial or prepositional phrases which are shown in alphabetical order within the main headword e.g.

emblée, d’emblée

/d~Able/

plain-pied, de plain-pied

/d(@)pl~Epje/

Consonants

Aspiration of ‘h’

Where it is impossible to make a liaison this is indicated by

/'/

immediately after the slash e.g.

haine

/'En/

Assimilation

A voiced consonant can become unvoiced when it is followed by an unvoiced consonant within a word e.g.

absorber

/apsORbe/

Vowels

Open ‘e’ and closed ‘e’

A clear distinction is made at the end of a word between a closed ‘e’ and an open ‘e’ e.g.

pré

/pRe/

and

près

/pRE/

complet

/k~OplE/

and

combler

/k~Oble/

Within a word the following rules apply:

• ‘e’ is always open in a syllable followed by a syllable containing a mute ‘e’ e.g.

règle

/REgl/

réglementaire

/REgl@m~AtER/

•

in careful speech ‘e’ is pronounced as a closed ‘e’ when it is followed by a syllable containing a closed vowel (y, i, e) e.g.

pressé

/pRese/

• ‘e’ is pronounced as an open ‘e’ when it is followed by a syllable containing an open vowel e.g.

pressant

/pREs~A/

Mute ‘e’

The pronunciation of mute ‘e’ varies considerably depending on the level of language used and on the region from which the speaker originates. As a general rule it is only pronounced at the end of a word in the South of France or in poetry and it is, therefore, not shown. In an isolated word the mute ‘e’ preceded by a single consonant is dropped e.g.

parfaitement

/paRfEtm~A/

, but

probablement

/pRObabl@m~A/

. In many cases the pronunciation of the mute ‘e’ depends on the surrounding context. Thus one would say

une reconnaissance de dette

/ynR@kOnEs~Asd@dEt/

, but,

ma reconnaissance est éternelle

/maRkOnEs~AsEtetERnEl/

. The mute

‘e’ is shown in brackets in order to account for this phenomenon.

Stress

There is no real stress as such in French. In normal unemphasized speech a slight stress falls on the final syllable of a word or group of words, providing that it does not contain a mute ‘e’. This is not shown in the phonetic transcription of individual entries.

abbr abbreviation adj adjective adv adverb Anat anatomy Aut automobile aux auxiliary Bot botany colloq colloquial Comput computing conj conjunction Culin culinary dem pron demonstrative pronoun det determiner Econ economy excl exclamation f feminine Fr French GB British English gen generally Hist history, historical indic indicative inv invariable m masculine Med medicine Mil military Mus music n noun nf feminine noun nm masculine noun nmf masculine and feminine

noun

nm,f masculine and feminine

noun

Naut nautical phr phrase pl plural Pol politics pp past participle pp adj past participle adjective pr n proper noun pref prefix prep preposition pres p adj present participle

adjective

pron pronoun qch quelque chose

(something)

qn quelqu’un (somebody) quantif quantifier ® registered trademark rel pron relative pronoun sb somebody Sch school sg singular sth something subj subjunctive Tec h technology Univ university US American English v verb v aux auxiliary verb vi intransitive verb v impers impersonal verb v refl reflexive verb vtr transitive verb Zool zoology

Abbreviations

Oxford Essential Geographical Dictionary

How to use the

Oxford Essential Geographical Dictionary

The ‘entry map’ below explains the different parts of a typical entry in this dictionary:

1. Boldface: Main entries, alternate names, and derivative forms

appear in boldface.

Word division: Dots within the main entries mark places where a name can be divided correctly, as at the end of a line of text. Many names will not have dots at each syllable, because the dots are intended to show optimum word division points. Thus, one-letter syllables at the beginning or end of a name are not marked with dots (Aus•tria, not Aus•tri•a; Avon, not A•von). No divisions are marked in hyphenated names, because they are best divided at the hyphen. Standard generic terms that are used in many place names, such as

river

and

mountain

, are not marked for word

division.

2. Cross-references appear in BOLD CAPITALS ( ).

4. The name under which a place is listed is, in some cases (for example,

Venice, Rome

, and

Italy

) not the official ‘native’ form or spelling, but is the form in which non-natives of the place are likely to use the name. In some other cases, the form under which a name is entered is better known than the official form or spelling.

5. The characterization of the status of a place, it should be noted, is also subject to language and national differences. For entries in the United States and Canada, terms like

city, town

, and

village

used in this dictionary reflect official usage, which is a matter of municipal organization, not population or land area. In other parts of the world, governmental form and municipal designation take many forms (and are sometimes difficult to determine with certainty). For places outside the United States and Canada, this dictionary adopts general usage, and the term

city

, for example, usually denotes an urban place larger than a town or village. There are, of course, many different designations for populated places, some more familiar than others, such as

commune, borough

, and

parish

; some of these are used here, following the most reliable source information that could be obtained.

6. Population figures: For populated places in the United States and Canada, the latest official census figures are used. For populated places in the rest of the world, sources vary, but recently released figures are used, rounded off, in almost all cases, to the nearest thousand.

7. Measurements are given in standard units first, followed by a conversion into metric measurement. This conforms to prevalent usage in the United States. Thus miles (mi.) are also given in kilometers (km.); feet (ft.) in meters (m.); and square miles (sq. mi.) in square kilometers.

3. Sense numbers are used to group closely related places under a single main entry.

Key to the Pronunciations

This dictionary uses a simple respelling system to show how entries are pronounced, using the symbols listed below. Generally, only the first of two or more identical headwords will have a pronunciation respelling. Where a derivative simply adds a common suffix such as -less, -ness, or -ly to the headword, the derivative may not have a pronunciation respelling unless some other element of the pronunciation also changes.

as in

hat

/hat/

, fashion

/"fasH@n/

, carry

/"karE/

as in

day

/dA/

, rate

/rAt/

, maid

/mAd/

, prey

/prA/

as in

lot

/lät/

, father

/"fäTH@r/

, barnyard

/"bärn%yärd/

as in

big

/big/

as in

church

/cH@rcH/

, picture

/"pikcH@r/

as in

dog

/dôg/

, bed

/bed/

as in

men

/men/

, bet

/bet/

, ferry

/"ferE/

as in

feet

/fEt/

, receive

/ri"sEv/

e(@)r

as in

air

/e(@)r/

, care

/ke(@)r/

as in

about

/@"bout/

, soda

/"sOd@/

, mother

/"m@TH@r/

person

/"p@rs@n/

as in

free

/frE/

, graph

/graf/

, tough

/t@f/

as in

get

/get/

, exist

/ig"zist/

, egg

/eg/

as in

her

/h@r/

, behave

/bi"hAv/

as in

fit

/fit/

, guild

/gild/

, women

/"wimin/

as in

time

/tIm/

, guide

/gId/

, hire

/hI(@)r/

, sky

/skI/

i(@)r

as in

ear

/i(@)r/

, beer

/bi(@)r/

, pierce

/pi(@)rs/

as in

judge

/j@j/

, carriage

/"karij/

as in

kettle

/"ketl/

, cut

/k@t/

, quick

/kwik/

as in

lap

/lap/

, cellar

/"sel@r/

, cradle

/"krAdl/

as in

main

/mAn/

, dam

/dam/

as in

need

/nEd/

, honor

/"än@r/

, maiden

/"mAdn/

as in

sing

/siG/

, anger

/"aGg@r/

as in

/gO/

, promote

/pr@"mOt/

as in

law

/lô/

, thought

/THôt/

, lore

/lôr/

as in

boy

/boi/

, noisy

/"noizE/

[

as in

wood

/w[d/

, football

/"f[t%bôl/

, sure

/sH[r/

]

as in

food

/f]d/

,music

/"my]zik/

as in

mouse

/mous/

, coward

/"kou(@)rd/

as in

put

/p[t/

, cap

/kap/

as in

run

/r@n/

, fur

/f@r/

, spirit

/"spirit/

as in

sit

/sit/

, lesson

/"les@n/

, face

/fAs/

as in

shut

/sH@t/

, social

/"sOsH@l/

, action

/"aksH@n/

as in

top

/täp/

, seat

/sE t/

, forty

/"fôrte/

as in

thin

/THin/

, truth

/tr]TH/

as in

then

/THen/

, father

/"fäTH@r/

as in

never

/"nev@r/

, very

/"verE/

as in

wait

/wAt/

, quit

/kwit/

(h)w

as in

when

/(h)wen/

, which

/(h)wicH/

as in

yet

/yet/

, accuse

/@"ky]z/

as in

zipper

/"zip@r/

, musician

/my]"zisH@n/

as in

measure

/"mezH@r/

, vision

/"vizH@n/

Foreign Sounds

as in

Bach

/bäKH/

A fricative consonant pronounced with the tongue in the same position as for

/k/

, as in German

Buch

and

ich

, or Scottish

loch

as in

en route

/äN "r]t/

, Rodin

/rO"daN/

The

/N/

does not represent a separate sound; it indicates that the

preceding vowel is nasalized, as in French

bon

(bon voyage) and

(en route).

as in

hors d’oeuvre

/ôr "dœvr@/

, Goethe

/"gœt@/

A vowel made by rounding the lips as with

/ô/

while saying

/e/

or /A/,

as in French

boeuf

and

feu

, or German

Hölle

and

Höhle

as in

Lully

/lY"lE/

, Utrecht

/"Y%treKHt/

A vowel made by rounding the lips as with

/[/

/]/

while saying

/i/

/E/

, as in French

rue

or German

fühlen

Stress Marks

Stress (or accent) is represented by marks placed before the affected syllable. The primary stress mark is a shor t, raised vertical line

/"/

which signifies that the heaviest emphasis should be placed on the syllable that follows. The secondary stress mark is a short, lowered ver tical line

/%/

which signifies a somewhat weaker emphasis than on

the syllable with primary stress.

Variant Pronunciations

There are several ways in which variant pronunciations are indicated in the respellings. Some respellings show a pronunciation symbol within parentheses to indicate a possible variation in pronunciation; for example, in sandwich

/"san(d)wicH/

sometimes the

/d/

pronounced, while at other times it is not. Variant pronunciations may be respelled in full, separated by

semicolons. The more common pronunciation is listed first, if this can be determined, but many variants are so common and widespread as to be of equal status.

Var iant pronunciations may be indicated by respelling only the part of the word that changes. A hyphen will replace the part of the pronunciation that has remained the same. These ‘cutback’ respellings will occur primarily in three areas:

a) where the headword has a variant pronunciation:

quasiparticle

/%kw AzI"pärtik@l; %kwäzE-/

b) in derivative forms:

dangle

/"daG g@l/

dangler

/-gl@r/

dangly

/-glE /

Note: Cutbacks in derivatives always refer back to the headword respelling, not the preceding derivative.

c) at irregular plurals:

parenthesis

/p@"renTH@sis/

parentheses

/-%sEz/

Note: A hyphen sometimes serves to separate syllables where the respelling might otherwise look confusing, as at reinforce

/%r E-in"fôrs/

Guide for Puzzle Solving

Preface

The Guide for Puzzle Solving

is ideal for anyone who enjoys solving crossword and word puzzles or playing word games. It was compiled to provide easy-to-find answers to general knowledge clues and quiz questions and to be useful in playing a wide variety of games.

The data contains lists of answers arranged first by general category (Famous People, Science and Technology, Spor ts, etc.), then by specific subcategories (within Geography one finds Countries of the World, Oceans and Seas, Major Deserts, Bridges, etc.) Answers are further organized by the number of letters, so that in the list of Mammals one sees

and ox under 2 letters,

ape, ass, bat,

etc. under

3 letters, and so for th until the

scaly-tailed squirrel

is listed under 19 letters. Note, however, that the preference has been to list more words of six, seven, or eight letters than very long answers, as these are more likely to be useful for the puzzle solving.

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