Sharp EL-9600, EL-9400 User Manual

Graphing Calculator

EL-9600/9400

Handbook Vol. 2

Programmes

EL-9600

EL-9400

Read this first

This handbook was produced for practical application of the SHARP EL-9600 and 9400 Graphing
Calculator. Both calculators include a highly convenient programming function, which enables automatic
processing of both simple and complex calculations any number of times.

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to all the teachers whose cooperation we received in
editing this book. In order to produce a handbook which is more replete and useful to everyone, we would
welcome any comments or ideas on excercises. If you wish to contribute to future editions, use the

attached blank sheet or contact us by e-mail : [e-mail] (for Windows 95) or
[e-mail] (for Macintosh). When sending the data by e-mail, please include relevant

information such as the explanation of the programme, parameters used in the programme and the listing
of the programme. Please note that the programmes you send us may be opened to the public at this home
page site or in other Sharp publications.

Note: Certain problems can not be solved with the EL-9400 as indicated in contents.

1. Entering and Editing a Programme:

Programmes can be entered and edited either by pressing the calculator keys or by downloading from a PC.

To download programmes from a PC, you will need the CE-LK1 PC link software (sold separately).

A. Using calculator keys

●

Creating a new programme:

1. Press

2. Press

3. Enter the program title, then press

to display the programme menu.

2nd F

PRGM

to select the new programme menu. (See right)

ENTER

C

.

ENTER

4. Enter the programme.

5. Press

●

Editing a programme:

1. Press

2. Press

3. Press

to finish programming.

2nd F

QUIT

to display the programme menu.

PRGM

2nd F

and choose the number of the programme you wish to edit.

B

2nd F

to finish editing.

QUIT

B. Downloading from PC

●

Creating a new programme:

1. Using the CE-LK 1, select the M odel Type from the Tools menu
and click on the same model as your calculator.

2. Select New from the File menu.

3. Enter a programme name in Title:.

4. Enter a program. (For details on entering a programme, refer to
the operation manual.)

●

Programmes can also be downloaded from Sharp’s website at

(See right)

http://www.sharp.co.jp/sc/excite/calculator/text/class96.htm

instead of creating a new programme.

(See right)

●

Sending programmes from a PC:

1. Using the CE-LK1, select the Communication Port from
the Link menu and click on the port to be used.

2. Turn off the EL-9600/9400 and connect it to the PC.

3. Turn on the EL-9600/9400

4. Select Send… from the Link menu of the CE-LK1

5. Specify the kind of drive, folder, and file, then select the file
to be sent from the file list, and click on the Select button.

6. Click on the OK button.

Note : For further details refer to the manual.

2. Executing a programme:

1. Press to display the execute menu.

2. Press

3. Follow the instructions.

2nd F

A

execute.

PRGM

and choose the number of the programme you wish to

ENTER

(See right)

(See right)

3. Deleting a programme:

Press and then choose to select the programme to

2nd F

OPTION

C

5

be deleted.

Note: Do not try to erase a programme by resetting all memories to the initial condition as

programme data to be stored will also be deleted. Also, it is advised to use the CE­LK1 PC link software to back up any programmes not to be erased.

4. Using the keys:

Press to use secondary functions (in yellow).

2nd F

-1

To select “sin

Press to use the alphabet keys (in blue).

ALPHA

To select A:

Press to continue input of blue letters.

2nd F

A-LOCK

To input ABC:

”: ➔ Displayed as follows:

➔ Displayed as follows:

ALPHA

or

ALPHA

(To return to the normal function, press again.)

-1

sin

2nd F 2nd Fsin

A

sin

A

ALPHA ALPHA

ALPHA

A

AA

ALPHA

2nd F

A

A-LOCK

sin

-1

AA

5. Troubleshooting:

Following is a list of error codes and error messages.
When errors occur, refer to pages 12, 254, or 27 of the manual.

Error

Error message

code

01 Syntax Syntax error in equation or programme
02 Calculate Execution of a division using 0, calculation beyond calculation range, etc.
03 Nesting Reservation of 14 or more numerical values or 32 or more functions during execution.
04 Invalid Matrix definition error
05 Dimension Inconsistency in the dimension of matr ix during ar ithmetic of a matrix or dimension of list for

STAT calculation.
07 Invalid DIM Size of list and matrix input for calculation exceeds calculation range.
08 Argument Inconsistency in argument of the structured function
09 Data Type Invalid data type used in calculation
11 No define Undefined list or matr ix
12 Domain Argument definition outside of domain
13 Increment Increment error
17 Stat Med Med-Med law (statistic) error
20 No Argument No argument entered
21 Not pair ∫ dx Equation definition (∫ and dx as a pair) for integral calculus does not follow syntax.
22 Not pair [ ] Not paired with specified “[ ]”
23 Not pair ( ) Not paired with specified “( )”
24 Not pair { } Not paired with specified “{ }”
32 No data Data does not exist
33 Graph Type Error in graph type setting
37 No title No title entered
38 Too many obj More than 30 objects selected
40 Lbl duplicate Same label name is used more than once within a programme
41 Lbl undefined Label is not defined for Goto or Gosub
42 Lbl over More than 50 labels are used within a programme
43 Gosub stack Nesting of more than 10 subroutine stacks
44 Line too long One line of programme exceeds more than 160 characters
45 Can’t return Use of return command without jumping from subroutine
46 Strage full Attempt to create a file exceeding 99 (delete unnecessary files)
47 Coord type Invalid coordinate system for command
90 Memory over Over memory capacity
99 System error User memory space cannot be secured

Error content

6. Page Layout

Introduction

Brief explanation and
purpose of the section

Calculation

The formula to be used
in calculation and
definition of terms

Flowchart

Summary of steps from
start to end

Parameters

Definition of the
parameters used in the
programme

Involute(Inverse Involute)

Use the involute function for calculating gears etc. to find the angle of obliquity from
the initial value and involute value.
Conversely, calculate the involute value from the angle of obliquity.

Calculation

Involute function : inv θ = tan θ - θ[rad]
Use Newton's method to find the inverse involute:

f'(θ)

tanθi - θi -a

θi +1 = θi -= qi -

f(θ

i)

tan2 θi

f (θ) = a - inv q SP : involute curve
S : involute starting point

θ : angle of obliquity of point P

FLOWCHART

Start

start

Selection of type

N

INVO

Entry of angle

of obliquity

Calculation of involute

value (display)

Name of parameter
D, R, T, J
S

Z

4

S = 1

S = 2

Y

End

Y

N

ANGLE

Entry of initial

value and

involute value

CALPRESS

Calculation of

angle of obliquity

Y

8

int(10

D) 0

N

Display of angle of obliquity

Content
working variable for calculating
selecting calculation type
(S=1: involute calculation)
(S=2: inverse involute calculation)
initial value, angle of obliquity

Enter 1 or 2.

To calculation of involute
To inverse involute calculation

Returns to START if entry
neither 1 nor 2.

Calculation of involute.
Enter initial value and
involute value.

Angle of obliquity
calculated.

Judgment on repetition
of calculation of angle
of obliquity.

Calculation of inverse
involute. Enter angle
of obliquity.

Involute value calculated.
Involute value displayed.

Step

A step-by-step guide to solving the problems
and an explanation of the display

PARAMETERS

EL-9600 Graphing Calculator

θ

P

q

S

a

θ

Rg

0

PROGRAM LIST

(REAL MODE)

Title : INVOLUTE

Label START
ClrT
Print "SELECT 1/2
Input S
If S=1 Goto ANGLE
If S=2 Goto INVO
Goto START
Label ANGLE

Exercise

Print "Input BEGIN
Input B
B Z

(1) Find the angle of obliquity when the involute value is 0.0050912 and the initial

Print "Input INVO

value is 10.

Input I
I J

(2) Find the involute value when the angle of obliquity is 14.1.

Label CALPRESS
tan Z T

Set up condition: angle unit in Deg Mode and decimal point in

π Z/180.0 R

2

Float Pt Mode.

(T-R-J)/T

D

180.0 (R-D)/π Z

Name of parameter

θ

I
A
B

* * * *

2nd F

If int (10ˆ8 D)≠0 Goto CALPRESS
Z A
Print "ANGLE
Print A
End
Label INVO
Print "Input ANGLE
Input A

Specify the program mode.

A θ

1

Select the title INVOLUTE.

tanθ -π θ/180 I
Print "INVOLUTE
Print I
End

Select involute calculation.

2

Content
angle of obliquity
involute value
input and output of angle

Enter the initial value and the

input of initial value

3

involute value.

(Display of angle of obliquity)

Select inverse involute

4

calculation.

Enter the value of the angel

5

of obliquity.

(Display of involute value)

CL

SET UP

1C

1B

2nd F

1

0005091•

ENTER

ENTER

2

14 1•

ENTER

EL-9600 Graphing Calculator

PRGM

A

*

ENTER

ENTER

01

ENTER

Programme List

Procedure of data to
be entered

Exercise

Example of problem to be
solved in the section

Set Up Condition

Important set up condition
before starting the exercise
in order to obtain correct

DisplayStep Key Operation

answers

Key Operation

Illustration of the keys to be

2

operated

When the mark

●

Same series of key strokes can be done
with screen touch.

●

Key operations may also be carried out
with the cursor (not shown).

Display

Illustration of the calculator
screen as it should appear
if each step is carried out

5

correctly

✽

appears on the key:

Note: This handbook is only an example of how to use programming function of the EL-9600. The layout may vary with each screen.

Contents

1. Heron's Formula 1

2. Calculating Tension 2

3. Involute (Inverse Involute) 4

4. Calculating Illuminance and Luminous Intensity 6

5. Calculating Simple Harmonic Oscillation 8

6. Electric Power Consumed on an AC Circuit 10

7. Angle of Vector* 12

8. Linear Transformation* 14

9. Moving Average 16

10. Creating a Graph of Experimental Data 18

11. Ordinary Differential Equations 20

12. Analysing with One-way Layout Method 22

13. Calculating Parabolic Motion 25

*only for EL-9600

Other books available:
Graphing Calculator EL-9600 TEACHER'S GUIDE
Graphing Calculator EL-9400 TEACHER'S GUIDE
Graphing Calculator EL-9600/9400 Handbook Vol. 1 (Algebra)

EL-9600/9400 Graphing Calculator

Heron's Formula

Use Heron's formula to find the area of a triangle when the sides (A,B,C) of the
triangle are known.

Calculation

S = D (D - A) (D - B) (D - C)

(A + B + C)

D =

2

FLOWCHART

Start

Entry of sides

Calculation of D

Calculation of area

Display of area

End

Name of parameter
A
B
C

Content
value of side A
value of side B
value of side C

Enter sides A, B and C.

Value of D calculated.

Area S calculated.

Area of triangle
displayed.

PARAMETERS

Name of parameter
D
S

A

C

B

PROGRAMME LIST

Title : HERON

Print "Input LENGTH
Input A
Input B
Input C
(A+B+C)/2 D
(D (D-A) (D-B) (D-C) ) S
Print "S =
Print S
End

Content
value of D
area

(REAL MODE)

Exercise

Find the area of a triangle when sides A, B and C are 20, 35 and 40cm respectively.

Specify the programme

1

mode.
Select the title HERON.

Enter the values A, B and C.

Key OperationStep

2nd F

PRGM

A

*

2

ENTER

035

Display

(When using EL-9600)

2

(Display of area)

The area is approximately

3

350cm

2

.

ENTER ENTER

40

1

EL-9600/9400 Graphing Calculator

Calculating Tension

Use the law of sines to find the tension when a pole of weight W is suspended with
two strings, and the strings are balanced with the angles from the vertical line A and B.

Calculation

T

vertical line

W

B

S

G

T

sin B

T = W

S = W

T, S : tension W : weight
A, B : angles (6 sexagesimal numbers)

=

sin A

sin (A+B)

sin (A+B)

S

sin B

sin A

=

sin (A+B)

W

A

B

S

W

A

T

FLOWCHART

Start

Entry

Calculation of denominator

Calculation of tensions

Display of tensions

Name of parameter
A
B
C

Content
angle A
angle B
sin(A+B)

Enter angles and weight
A, B and W.

Denominator in law of sines
calculated. C= sin (A + B)

Tensions T and S calculated.
T = W sin B/C
T = W sin A/C

Tensions T and S displayed.

PARAMETERS

Name of parameter
S
T
W

PROGRAMME LIST

Title : TENSION

Print "Input ANGLE
Input A
Input B
Print "Input WEIGHT
Input W
sin (A+B) C
W sin B/C T
W sin A/C S
Print "TENSION
Print "T=
Print T
Print "S=
Print S
End

Content
tension S
tension T
weight

(REAL MODE)

2

EL-9600/9400 Graphing Calculator

Exercise

Calculate the tension assuming weight=40kg, angle A=30˚ 15' 20", and angle
B=27˚ 45' 40". Enter the angles with sexagesimal numbers.

Set up condition: decimal point digit number in TAB 3 Mode, decimal
point in Fix Mode, and angle unit in Deg Mode.
* * * * * *

Specify the programme mode.

1

Select the title TENSION.

Enter the values of angles

2

A and B.

Enter the value of weight.

3

2nd F

SET UP

3D1B

2nd F

3

ENTER

27 4540

ENTER

40

CL2C

Key Operation

PRGM

A

*

•

01520

•

ENTER

DisplayStep

(When using EL-9600)

Tension T is 21.840kg and

4

S is 23.795kg.

3

EL-9600/9400 Graphing Calculator

Involute

(Inverse Involute)

Use the involute function for calculating gears etc. to find the angle of obliquity
from the initial value and involute value.
Conversely, calculate the involute value from the angle of obliquity.

Calculation

Involute function : inv θ = tan θ - θ[rad]
Use Newton's method to find the inverse involute:

θ

i +1

=

f'(θ)

θ

i

-=

f(θi)

f (θ) = a - inv

Start

Selection of type

S = 1

N

INVO

S = 2

Y

Entry of angle

of obliquity

Calculation of involute

value (display)

θ

N

CALPRESS

angle of obliquity

Display of angle of obliquity

End

FLOWCHART

start

Y

Entry of initial

value and

involute value
Calculation of

int(10

tanθ

i

-

θ

i

θ

i

-

tan2 θ

-a

i

SP: involute curve
S : involute starting point
θ : angle of obliquity of point P

Enter 1 or 2.

To calculation of involute
To inverse involute calculation

Returns to START if entry
neither 1 nor 2.

Calculation of involute.
Enter initial value and
involute value.

Angle of obliquity
calculated.

Judgment on repetition
of calculation of angle
of obliquity.

Calculation of inverse
involute. Enter angle
of obliquity.

Involute value calculated.
Involute value displayed.

8

D) 0

N

ANGLE

Y

PROGRAMME LIST

Title : INVOLUTE

Label START
ClrT
Print "SELECT 1/2
Input S
If S=1 Goto ANGLE
If S=2 Goto INVO
Goto START
Label ANGLE
Print "Input BEGIN
Input B
B Z
Print "Input INVO
Input I
I J
Label CALPRESS
tan Z T
π Z/180.0 R
(T-R-J)/T

180.0 (R-D)/π Z
If int (
Z A
Print "ANGLE
Print A
End
Label INVO
Print "Input ANGLE
Input A
A θ
tanθ -π θ/180 I
Print "INVOLUTE
Print I
End

2

D

10

ˆ8 D)≠0 Goto CALPRESS

θ

P

S

a

q

θ

Rg

0

(REAL MODE)

Name of parameter
D, R, T, J
S

Z

4

PARAMETERS

Content
working variable for calculating
selecting calculation type
(S=1: involute calculation)
(S=2: inverse involute calculation)
initial value, angle of obliquity

Name of parameter

θ

I
A
B

Content
angle of obliquity
involute value
input and output of angle
input of initial value

EL-9600/9400 Graphing Calculator

Exercise

(1) Find the angle of obliquity when the involute value is 0.0050912 and the initial
value is 10.

(2) Find the involute value when the angle of obliquity is 14.1.

Set up condition: angle unit in Deg Mode and decimal point in
Float Pt Mode.

* * * *

2nd F

SET UP

1B

CL

1C

DisplayStep Key Operation

(When using EL-9600)

Specify the programme mode.

1

Select the title INVOLUTE.

Select involute calculation.

2

Enter the initial value and the

3

involute value.

(Display of angle of obliquity)

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Select inverse involute

4

calculation.

2nd F

PRGM

A

*

ENTER

1

ENTER

01

0005091•2

ENTER

ENTER

ENTER

2

Enter the value of the angle

5

of obliquity.

(Display of involute value)

14 1•

ENTER

5

EL-9600/9400 Graphing Calculator

Calculating Illuminance and Luminous Intensity

Enter the luminous intensity of luminous source, distance, the angle between the
perpendicular line and light ray, to find the illuminance of the illuminated side.
Conversely, find the luminous intensity of the source from the illuminance of the
illuminated side.

Calculation

2

i

r

cos θ

i =

l cos θ

2

r

l =

l : luminous intensity [candela] i : illuminance [lux]
r : distance [m] θ: angle [˚ ]

FLOWCHART

Start

A

Selection of type

Y

S = 1

S = 2

CANDELA

To subroutine To subroutine

Entry of

illuminance

Calculation of

luminous intensity

Display of

luminous intensity

Subroutine

Entry of distance and angle

Return

start

N

A

Entry of

luminous intensity

Calculation of

illuminance

Display of

illuminance

End

DISTANCE

LUX

Enter 1 or 2.

To calculation of
luminous intensity

To calculation of
illuminance

Jumps to subroutine
DISTANCE.

Enter illuminance or
luminous intensity.

Illuminance or luminous
intensity calculated.

Illuminance or luminous
intensity displayed.

Subroutine for entry of
distance and angle

Entry

Returns to calling program.

Luminous Intensity l

θ

r

Illuminance i

PROGRAM LIST

(REAL MODE)

Title : CAND LUX

Label START
ClrT
Print "CANDELA=1 LUX=2
Print "SELECT 1/2
Input S
If S=1 Goto CANDELA
If S=2 Goto LUX
Goto START
Label CANDELA
Gosub DISTANCE
Print "Input LUX
Input L
L I

2

I/cos θ C

R
Print "CANDELA
Print C
End
Label LUX
Gosub DISTANCE
Print "Input CANDELA
Input C
C K
K cos θ /R

2

L
Print "LUX
Print L
End
Label DISTANCE
Print "Input DISTANCE
Input D
D R
Print "Input ANGLE
Input A
A θ
Return

Name of parameter
I
K
R
S

6

PARAMETERS

Content
illuminance of luminated side
luminous intensity of luminous source
distance

selecting calculation type
(S=1:

calculation of luminous intensity

(S=2: calculation of illuminance)

)

Name of parameter

θ

A
L
D
C

Content
angle
input of angle
input and calculating luminous intensity
input of distance
input and calculating illuminance