Sharp EL-546W, EL-506W User Manual

PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA

EL-506W EL-546W

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

OPERATION MANUAL

MODEL

MEM RESET

0 1

DRG FSE TA B

0 1

P (x,y )

P (r,θ )

x x x

ENGLISH

04HGK (TINSE0719EH01)

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Scientific Calculator Model EL-506W/546W. About the calculation examples (including some formulas and

tables), refer to the reverse side of this English manual. Refer to the number on the right of each title in the manual for use.

After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. Note: Some of the models described in this manual may not be

available in some countries.

Operational Notes

• Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is particularly fragile.

• Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively humid or dusty environments.

• Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it where fluids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops, water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also cause malfunction.

• Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth.

• Do not drop it or apply excessive force.

• Never dispose of batteries in a fire.

• Keep batteries out of the reach of children.

• This product, including accessories, may change due to upgrading without prior notice.

NOTICE

• SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written records be kept of all important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use, repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired, or any other cause.

• SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law.

♦ Press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a ball-

point pen or similar object, only in the following cases. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. Note that pressing the RESET switch erases all data stored in memory.

• When using for the first time

• After replacing the batteries

• To clear all memory contents

•

When an abnormal condition occurs and all keys are inoperative. If service should be required on this calculator, use only a SHARP servicing dealer, SHARP approved service facility, or SHARP repair service where available.

Hard Case

DISPLAY

Exponent

←Symbol

Equation→ Display

Mantissa

•

During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time.

• Certain inactive symbols may appear visible when viewed from

a far off angle.

• Only the symbols required for the usage under instruction are

shown in the display and calculation examples of this manual.

Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed. Press

</>

to see the remaining (hidden) section.

xy/rθ: Indicates the mode of expression of results in the com-

plex calculation mode.

: Indicates that data can be visible above/below the

2ndF : Appears when @ is pressed. HYP : Indicates that h has been pressed and the hyper-

screen. Press [/] to scroll up/down the view.

bolic functions are enabled. If @H are pressed, the symbols “2ndF HYP” appear, indicating that inverse hyperbolic functions are enabled.

ALPHA :

Appears when K (STAT VAR), O or R is pressed.

FIX/SCI/ENG: Indicates the notation used to display a value. DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units.

: Appears when matrix mode is selected. : Appears when list mode is selected. : Appears when statistics mode is selected.

M:Indicates that a value is stored in the independent memory.

? :

i : Indicates an imaginary number is being displayed in the

Indicates that the calculator is waiting for a numerical value to be entered, such as during simulation calculation.

: Appears when the calculator shows an angle as the result

in the complex calculation mode.

complex calculation mode.

BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR

Key Notation Used in this Manual

In this manual, key operations are described as follows:

To specify ex: @e To specify ln : I To specify F : Kü

Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to be pressed first before the key. When you specify the memory, press K first. Numbers for input value are not shown as keys, but as ordinary numbers.

Power On and Off

Press ª to turn the calculator on, and @F to turn it off.

Clearing the Entry and Memories

Operation Entry M A-F, X,Y STAT*1matA-D*

ª ×× × × @c ×

Mode selection ×

@∏00* @∏10*

RESET switch

: Clear × : Retain

*1Statistical data (entered data).

x¯, sx, σx, n, Σx, Σx2, ¯y, sy, σy, Σy, Σy2, Σxy, r, a, b, c.

Matrix memories (matA, matB, matC and matD)

List memories (L1, L2, L3 and L4)

All variables are cleared.

This key combination functions the same as the RESET switch.

(Display) F1-F4 ANS STAT VAR*2L1-4*

[Memory clear key]

Press @∏ to display the menu.

• To clear all variables (M, A-F, X, Y, ANS, F1-F4, STAT VAR, matA-D, L1-4), press 00 or 0 ®.

• To RESET the calculator, press 10 or 1®. The RESET operation will erase all data stored in memory, and restore the calculator’s default setting.

Entering and Correcting the Equation

[Cursor keys]

• Press < or > to move the cursor. You can also return to the equation after getting an answer by pressing > (<). See the next section for using the [ and ] keys.

• See ‘SET UP menu’ for cursor use in the SET UP menu.

[Insert mode and Overwrite mode in the Equation display]

• Pressing @‘ switches between the two editing modes: insert mode (default); and overwrite mode. A triangular cursor indicates that an entry will be inserted at the cursor, while the rectangular cursor indicates to overwrite preexisting data as you make entries.

• To insert a number in the insert mode, move the cursor to the place immediately after where you wish to insert, then make a desired entry. In the overwrite mode, data under the cursor will be overwritten by the number you enter.

• The mode set will be retained until the next RESET operation.

[Deletion key]

• To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/ function you wish to delete, then press d. If the cursor is located at the right end of an equation, the d key will function as a back space key.

Multi-line Playback Function

Previous equations may be recalled in the normal mode. Equations also include calculation ending instructions such as “=” and a maximum of 142 characters can be stored in memory. When the memory is full, stored equations are deleted in the order of the oldest first. Pressing [ will display the previous equation. Further pressing [ will display preceding equations (after returning to the previous equation, press ] to view equations in order). In addition, @[ can be used to jump to the oldest equation.

• The multi-line memory is cleared by the following operations: @c, mode change, RESET, N-base conversion and memory clear (@∏).

Priority Levels in Calculation

Operations are performed according to the following priority: Q Fractions (1 preceded by their argument (x multiplication of a memory value (2Y, etc.) Y Functions followed by their argument (sin, cos, etc.) U Implied multiplication of a function

4, etc.) W ∠, engineering prefixes E Functions

-1

, x2, n!, etc.) R Yx, x¿ T Implied

(2sin30, etc.) I nCr, nPr O ×, ÷ P +, – { AND } OR, XOR, XNOR q =, M+, M–, ⇒M, |DEG, |RAD, |GRAD, DATA, CD, →rθ, →xy and other calculation ending instructions

• If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have precedence over any other calculations.

INITIAL SET UP

Mode Selection

m0: Normal mode (NORMAL) m1: Statistic mode (STAT) m2: Equation mode (EQN) m3: Complex number mode (CPLX) m4: Matrix mode (MAT) m5: List mode (LIST)

SET UP menu

Press ” to display the SET UP menu.

•A menu item can be selected by:

•moving the flashing cursor by using

><, then pressing ® (= key), or

• pressing the number key corresponding to the menu item number.

or is displayed on the screen, press [ or ] to

• If view the previous/next menu screen.

• Press ª to exit the SET UP menu.

[Determination of the Angular Unit]

The following three angular units (degrees, radians, and grads) can be specified.

• DEG (°) : Press ”00.

• RAD (rad): Press ”01.

• GRAD (g) : Press ”02.

[Selecting the Display Notation and Decimal Places]

Four display notation systems are used to display calculation results: Floating point; Fixed decimal point; Scientific notation; and Engineering notation.

• When the FIX, SCI, or ENG symbol is displayed, the number of decimal places (TAB) can be set to any value between 0 and 9. Displayed values will be reduced to the corresponding number of digits.

[Setting the Floating Point Numbers System in Scientific Notation]

Two settings are used to display a floating point number: NORM1 (default setting) and NORM2. A number is automatically displayed in scientific notation outside a preset range:

• NORM1: 0.000000001 ≤

• NORM2: 0.01 ≤

x ≤ 9999999999

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS

• Press m0 to select the normal mode.

• In each example, press ª to clear the display. If the FIX, SCI, or ENG indicator is displayed, clear the indicator by selecting ‘NORM1’ from the SET UP menu.

Arithmetic Operations

• The closing parenthesis ) just before = or ; may be omitted.

Constant Calculations

• In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtraction and division are performed in the same manner. For multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant.

• In the constants calculations, constants will be displayed as K.

Functions

• Refer to the calculation examples of each function.

• Before starting calculations, specify the angular unit.

Differential/Integral Functions

Differential and integral calculations are only available in the normal mode. For calculation conditions such as the x ential calculation or the initial point in integral calculation, only numerical values can be entered and equations such as 22 cannot be specified. It is possible to reuse the same equation over and over again and to recalculate by only changing the conditions without re-entering the equation.

• Performing a calculation will clear the value in the X memory. When performing a differential calculation, enter the formula first and

• then enter the x value in differential calculation and the minute interval (dx). If a numerical value is not specified for minute interval,

x

×10–5 and x=0 will be 10–5 from the value of the numeric derivative.

• When performing an integral calculation, enter the formula first and then enter a range of integral (a, b) and subintervals (n). If a numerical value is not specified for subintervals, calculation will be performed using n=100.

Since differential and integral calculations are performed based on the following equations, correct results may not be obtained, in certain rare cases, when performing special calculations that contain discontinuous points.

Integral calculation (Simpson’s rule):

S=—h{ƒ(a)+4{ƒ(a+h)+ƒ(a+3h)+······+ƒ(a+(N–1)h)}

+2{ƒ(a+2h)+ƒ(a+4h)+······+ƒ(a+(N–2)h)}+f(b)}

f(x+ ––)–f(x – ––)

Differential calculation:

f’(x)=————————

[When performing integral calculations]

Integral calculations, depending on the integrands and subintervals included, require longer calculation time. During calculation, “Calculating!” will be displayed. To cancel calculation, press ª. Note that there will be greater integral errors when there are large fluctuations in

value in differ-

   

≠0 will be

b – a ——

N=2n

a≤ x≤b

   

the integral values during

P (x,y )

P (r,θ )

x x x

minute shifting of the integral range and for periodic functions, etc., where positive and negative integral values exist depending on the interval. For the former case, divide integral intervals as small as possible. For the latter case, separate the positive and negative values. Following these tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will also shorten the calculation time.

Random Function

The Random function has four settings for use in the normal, statistics, matrix and list modes. (This function cannot be selected while using the N-Base function.) To generate further random numbers in

In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a fractional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement.

Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations

Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, conversion to seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:

succession, press ®. Press ª to exit.

• The generated pseudo-random number series is stored in memory Y. Each random number is based on a number series.

[Random Numbers]

A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to

0.999, can be generated by pressing @`0®.

Coordinate Conversions

• Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.

[Random Dice]

To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing @`1®.

[Random Coin]

To simulate a coin flip, 0 (head) or 1 (tail) can be randomly generated by pressing @`2®.

[Random Integer]

An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing @`3®.

Angular Unit Conversions

Each time

are pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.

Memory Calculations

Mode ANS M, F1-F4 A-F, X,Y NORMAL

STAT ×× EQN ××× CPLX × MAT × LIST ×

: Available × : Unavailable

[Temporary memories (A-F, X and Y)]

Press O and a variable key to store a value in memory. Press R and a variable key to recall a value from the memory. To place a variable in an equation, press K and a variable key.

• The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X

Calculations Using Physical Constants

See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. A constant is recalled by pressing ß followed by the number of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number. The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with the designated number of decimal places. Physical constants can be recalled in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equation mode, matrix mode and list mode. Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based either

No. Constant

[Independent memory (M)]

In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value. Press ªOM to clear the independent memory (M).

[Last answer memory (ANS)]

The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory. A Matrix/List format result is not stored.

[Formula memories (F1-F4)]

Formulas up to 256 characters in total can be stored in F1 - F4. (Functions such as sin, etc., will be counted as one letter.) Storing a new equation in each memory will automatically replace the existing equation. Note:

• Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automatically stored in memories X or Y replacing existing values.

• Random function .......... Y memory

• →rθ, →xy ........................ X memory (r or x), Y memory (θ or y)

• Use of R or K will recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits.

Chain Calculations

• The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions or when the calculation result is in Matrix/List format.

• When using postfix functions (¿ , sin, etc.), a chain calculation is possible even if the previous calculation result is cleared by the use of the ª key.

Fraction Calculations

Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed

Metric Conversions

See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. Unit conversions can be performed in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equation mode, matrix mode and list mode.

No. Remarks

using fractions, and conversion between a decimal number and a fraction.

• If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number.

Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base)

Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, pental, octal and hexadecimal numbers. Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys: @ê (“ (“

” appears.), @ì (“ ” appears.), @í (“ ”, “ ”, “ ” and “ Note: The hexadecimal numbers A – F are entered by pressing

” appears.), @û (“ ” appears.), @î

” disappear.)

ß, ™, L, ÷, l, and I, and displayed as follows:

10 m : meter 11 acre : acre 12 m2: square meter 13 oz : ounce 14 g : gram 15 lb : pound 16 kg : kilogram 17 °F : Degree Fahrenheit 18 °C : Degree Celsius 19 gal (US) : gallon (US) 20 l : liter 21 gal (UK) : gallon (UK) 22 l : liter

A → ï, B → ∫, C → ó, D → ò, E → ô, F → ö

degree second

minute

↔

Rectangular coord. Polar coord.

and Y.

• Value of r or x: X memory • Value of θ or y: Y memory

on the 2002 CODATA recommended values or 1995 Edition of the “Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)” released by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) or on ISO specifications.

01 Speed of light in vacuum

Newtonian constant of gravitation

02 03

Standard acceleration of gravity 04 Electron mass 05 Proton mass 06 Neutron mass 07 Muon mass 08 Atomic mass unit-kilogram

relationship 09 Elementary charge 10 Planck constant 11 Boltzmann constant 12 Magnetic constant 13 Electric constant 14 Classical electron radius 15 Fine-structure constant 16 Bohr radius 17 Rydberg constant 18 Magnetic flux quantum 19 Bohr magneton 20 Electron magnetic moment 21 Nuclear magneton 22 Proton magnetic moment 23 Neutron magnetic moment 24 Muon magnetic moment 25 Compton wavelength 26 Proton Compton wavelength 27 Stefan-Boltzmann constant

1in: inch 2cm: centimeter 3ft: foot 4m : meter 5yd: yard 6m : meter 7 mile : mile 8km: kilometer 9n mile : nautical mile

No. Constant

28 Avogadro constant 29 Molar volume of ideal gas

(273.15 K, 101.325 kPa) 30 Molar gas constant 31 Faraday constant 32 Von Klitzing constant 33

Electron charge to mass quotient 34 Quantum of circulation 35 Proton gyromagnetic ratio 36 Josephson constant 37 Electron volt 38 Celsius Temperature 39 Astronomical unit 40 Parsec 41 Molar mass of carbon-12 42 Planck constant over 2 pi 43 Hartree energy 44 Conductance quantum 45 Inverse fine-structure constant 46 Proton-electron mass ratio 47 Molar mass constant 48 Neutron Compton wavelength 49 First radiation constant 50 Second radiation constant 51 Characteristic impedance of

vacuum 52 Standard atmosphere

No. Remarks

23 fl oz(US) : fluid ounce(US) 24 ml : milliliter 25 fl oz(UK) : fluid ounce(UK) 26 ml : milliliter 27 J : Joule 28 cal : calorie 29 J : Joule 30 cal15 : Calorie (15n°C) 31 J : Joule 32 calIT : I.T. calorie 33 hp : horsepower 34 W : watt 35 ps : French horsepower 36 W : watt 37 38 Pa : Pascal 39 atm : atmosphere 40 Pa : Pascal 41 (1 mmHg = 1 Torr) 42 Pa : Pascal 43 44 J : Joule

Calculations Using Engineering Prefixes

EL-506W EL-546W

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

OPERATION MANUAL

MODEL

SHARP CORPORATION

MEM RESET

0 1

DRG FSE TA B

0 1

P (x,y )

P (r,θ )

x x x

ENGLISH

Calculation can be executed in the normal mode (excluding Nbase) using the following 9 types of prefixes.

Prefix Operation Unit

k (kilo) ∑10 10 M (Mega) ∑11 10 G (Giga) ∑12 10 T (Tera) ∑13 10 m (milli) ∑14 10 µ (micro) ∑15 10 n (nano) ∑16 10 p(pico) ∑17 10 f(femto) ∑18 10

Modify Function

Calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation with up to 14 digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By using the modify function, the internal value is converted to match that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used without change in subsequent operations.

Solver Function

The x value can be found that reduces an entered equation to “0”.

• This function uses Newton's method to obtain an approximation. Depending on the function (e.g. periodic) or start value, an error may occur (Error 2) due to there being no convergence to the solution for the equation.

• The value obtained by this function may include a margin of error. If it is larger than acceptable, recalculate the solution after changing ‘Start’ and dx values.

• Change the ‘Start’ value (e.g. to a negative value) or dx value (e.g. to a smaller value) if:

• no solution can be found (Error 2).

• more than two solutions appear to be possible (e.g. a cubic

equation).

• to improve the arithmetic precision.

• The calculation result is automatically stored in the X memory.

[Performing Solver function]

Q Press m0. W Input a formula with an x variable. E Press ∑0. R Input ‘Start’ value and press ®. The default value is “0”. T Input dx value (minute interval). Y Press ®.

SIMULATION CALCULATION (ALGB)

If you have to find a value consecutively using the same formula, such as plotting a curve line for 2x 2x + 2y =14, once you enter the equation, all you have to do is to specify the value for the variable in the formula. Usable variables: A-F, M, X and Y Unusable functions: Random function

• Simulation calculations can only be executed in the normal mode. Calculation ending instructions other than = cannot be used.

•

+ 1, or finding the variable for

Performing Calculations

Q Press m0. W Input a formula with at least one variable. E Press @≤. R Variable input screen will appear. Input the value of the flashing

variable, then press ® to confirm. The calculation result will be displayed after entering the value for all used variables.

• Only numerical values are allowed as variables. Input of formulas is not permitted.

• Upon completing the calculation, press @≤ to perform calculations using the same formula.

• Variables and numerical values stored in the memories will be displayed in the variable input screen. To change a numerical value, input the new value and press ®.

• Performing simulation calculation will cause memory locations to be overwritten with new values.

STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS

Press m1 to select the statistics mode. The seven statistical calculations listed below can be performed. After selecting the statistics mode, select the desired sub-mode by pressing the number key corresponding to your choice. To change statistical sub-mode, reselect statistics mode (press

m1), then select the required sub-mode. 0 (SD) : Single-variable statistics

1 (LINE) : Linear regression calculation 2 (QUAD) : Quadratic regression calculation 3 (EXP) : Exponential regression calculation 4 (LOG) : Logarithmic regression calculation 5 (PWR) : Power regression calculation 6 (INV) : Inverse regression calculation

The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below):

Single-variable statistical calculation

Statistics of Q and value of the normal probability function

Linear regression calculation

Statistics of Q and W and, in addition, estimate of y for a given x (estimate y´) and estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´)

Exponential regression, Logarithmic regression, Power regression, and Inverse regression calculation

Statistics of Q and W. In addition, estimate of y for a given x and

–3

–6

–9

–12

–15

estimate of x for a given y. (Since the calculator converts each formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefficients a and b, from converted data rather than entered data.)

Quadratic regression calculation

Statistics of Q and W and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic regression formula (y = a + bx + cx calculations, no correlation coefficient (r) can be obtained.) When there are two x´ values, press @≠.

When performing calculations using a, b and c, only one numeric

). (For quadratic regression

value can be held.

x Mean of samples (x data)

sx Sample standard deviation (x data)

x Population standard deviation (x data)

n Number of samples

x Sum of samples (x data)

x2Sum of squares of samples (x data)

y Mean of samples (y data)

sy Sample standard deviation (y data)

y Population standard deviation (y data)

y Sum of samples (y data)

y2Sum of squares of samples (y data)

xy Sum of products of samples (x, y) r Correlation coefficient a Coefficient of regression equation b Coefficient of regression equation c Coefficient of quadratic regression equation

• Use K and R to perform a STAT variable calculation.

Data Entry and Correction

Entered data are kept in memory until @c or mode selection. Before entering new data, clear the memory contents.

[Data Entry]

Single-variable data

Data

frequency

(To enter multiples of the same data)

Two-variable data

Data

x &

Data

x &

Data

y k

y &

frequency

k (To enter multiples

of the same data x and y.)

• Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the single-variable data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items, while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of three data items.

[Data Correction]

Correction prior to pressing k immediately after a data entry:

Delete incorrect data with ª, then enter the correct data.

Correction after pressing k:

Use [] to display the data previously entered. Press ] to display data items in ascending (oldest first) order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest first), press the [ key. Each item is displayed with ‘Xn=’, ‘Yn=’, or ‘Nn=’ (n is the sequen- tial number of the data set). Display the data item to modify, input the correct value, then press k. Using &, you can correct the values of the data set all at once.

• To delete a data set, display an item of the data set to delete, then press @J. The data set will be deleted.

• To add a new data set, press ª and input the values, then press k.

Statistical Calculation Formulas

Type Regression formula Linear y = a + bx Exponential y = a • e Logarithmic y = a + b • ln x Power y = a • x

Inverse y = a + b —

Quadratic y = a + bx + cx

In the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur when:

• The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result

is equal to or greater than 1 × 10

• The denominator is zero.

• An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number.

• No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.

Normal Probability Calculations

•P(t), Q(t), and R(t) will always take positive values, even when t<0, because these functions follow the same principle used

when solving for an area. Values for P(t), Q(t), and R(t) are given to six decimal places.

SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS

Simultaneous linear equation with two unknowns (2-VLE) or with three unknowns (3-VLE) may be solved using this function.

Q 2-VLE: m20 W 3-VLE: m21

100

• If the determinant D = 0, an error occurs.

• If the absolute value of an intermediate result or calculation result

• Coefficients ( a

• To clear the entered coefficients, press @c.

• Pressing ® when the determinant D is in the display recalls

100

is 1 × 10

operations.

the coefficients. Each time ® is pressed, a coefficient is displayed in the order of input, allowing the entered coefficients to be verified (by pressing @®, coefficients are displayed in reverse order.) To correct a particular coefficient being displayed, enter the correct value and then press ®.

or more, an error occurs.

, etc.) can be entered using ordinary arithmetic

QUADRATIC AND CUBIC EQUATION SOLVERS

Quadratic (ax2 + bx + c = 0) or cubic (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0) equation may be solved using this function.

Q Quadratic equation solver: m22 W Cubic equation solver: m23

• Press ® after entering each coefficient.

• The result will be displayed by pressing ® after entering all coefficients. When there are more than 2 results, the next solution will be displayed.

• When the result is an imaginary number, “xy” symbol will appear. The display can be switched between imaginary and real parts by pressing @≠.

• The results obtained by this function may include a margin of error.

COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATIONS

To carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using complex numbers, press m3 to select the complex number mode. Results of complex number calculations are expressed in two modes:

Q @}: Rectangular coordinate mode (xy appears.) W @{: Polar coordinate mode (

appears.)

Complex number entry

Q Rectangular coordinates

x-coordinate

W Polar coordinates

r: absolute value θ: argument

• On selecting another mode, the imaginary part of any complex number stored in the independent memory (M) will be cleared.

•A complex number expressed in rectangular coordinates with the y-value equal to zero, or expressed in polar coordinates with the angle equal to zero, is treated as a real number.

• Press ∑0 to return the complex conjugate of the specified complex number.

y-coordinate

+ Ü

y-coordinate

MATRIX CALCULATIONS

This function enables the saving of up to 4 matrices (4 rows x 4 columns) for calculations. Press m4 to enter the matrix mode.

• Matrix data must be entered prior to making calculations. Pressing [/] will display the matrix edit buffer along with Enter the value of each item (‘ROW’, ‘COLUMN’, and then each element, e.g. ‘MAT1,1’) and press k after each. After entering all items, press ª, then press °2 and specify matA-D to save the data.

• To edit data saved in matA-D, press °1 and specify matA-D to recall the data to the matrix edit buffer. After editing, press ª, then press °2 and specify matA-D to save the data.

• Before performing calculations, press ª to close the matrix edit buffer.

• When results of calculations are in the matrix format, the matrix edit buffer with those results will be displayed. (At this time, you cannot return to the equation.) To save the result in matA-D, press ª, then press °2 and specify matA-D.

• Since there is only one matrix edit buffer, the previous data will be overwritten by the new calculation.

• In addition to the 4 arithmetic functions (excluding divisions between matrices), x available:

dim(

matrix name,

row,column

fill( cumul aug(

matrix name

identity

rnd_mat(

det trans

mat→list (∑5)

matA→list (∑6)

)

value,row,column

matrix name

matrix name,

)

value

row,column

matrix name

, x2, and x–1, the following commands are

Returns a matrix with dimensions changed as specified.

)Fills each element with a specified value.

Returns the cumulative matrix. Appends the second matrix to the first matrix as new

columns. The first and second matrices must have the same number of rows.

Returns the identity matrix with specified value of rows and columns.

)Returns a random matrix with specified values of

rows and columns. Returns the determinant of a square matrix. Returns the matrix with the columns transposed to

rows and the rows transposed to columns. Creates lists with elements from the left column of each

matrix. (matA→L1, matB→L2, matC→L3, matD→L4) Mode changes from matrix mode to list mode.

Creates lists with elements from each column of the matrix. (matA→L1, L2, L3, L4) Mode changes from matrix mode to list mode.

LIST CALCULATIONS

This function enables the saving of up to 4 lists of 16 elements for calculations. Press m5 to enter the list mode.

• List data must be entered prior to making calculations. Pressing [/] will display the list edit buffer along with

. Enter

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