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< EL-531TH Series >
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How to Operate
KEY LAYOUT
RESET SWITCH
DISPLAY PATTERN
DISPLAY FORMAT AND
DECIMAL SETTING FUNCTION
EXPONENT DISPLAY
ANGULAR UNIT
ON/OFF, Entry Correction Keys
Data Entry Keys
Random
Modify
Basic Arithmetic Keys, Parentheses
Percent
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3
4
4
5
6
7
NEG
8
9
10
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Inverse, Square, Cube, xth Power of y,
Square Root, Cube Root, xth Root of y
10 to the Power of x, Common Logarithm
e to the Power of x, Natural Logarithm
Factorials
Permutations, Combinations
Time Calculation
Fractional Calculations
Memory Calculations
Last Answer Memory
Trigonometric Functions
Arc Trigonometric Functions
Hyperbolic Functions
Coordinate Conversion
Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and
Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base)
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Statistics Function
DATA INPUT
“ANS” KEYS FOR 1-VARIABLE STATISTICS
DATA CORRECTION
“ANS” KEYS FOR 2-VARIABLE STATISTICS
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EL-531TH series.
HOME key
Pressing this key will return to
NORMAL mode.
front
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FIX
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E X P O N E N T DI S P L AY
SCI DEG
X10
(SC I mode)
ENG DEG
X10
(EN G mode)
DEG
(nor mal mode)
The distance from the earth to the sun is approx. 150,000,000 (1.5 x 108) km. Values
such as this with many zeros are often used in scientific calculations, but entering the
zeros one by one is a great deal of work and it’s easy to make mistakes.
In such a case, the numerical values are divided into mantissa and exponent portions,
displayed and calculated.
<Example>
W hat is the number of electronics flowing in a conductor when
the electr ical char ge across a given cr oss-section is 0.32 cou-
-19
lombs. (T he char ge on a single electron = 1.6 x 10
DEG
coulombs).
0.32
DEG
191.6
X10
5
DEG
X10
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678
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NEG
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Modi fy
Function to round calculation r esults.
Even after setting the number of decimal places on the display, the calculator perfor ms calculations using a lar ger number of decimal places than that which appears
on the display. By using this function, internal calculations will be perfor med using
only the displayed value.
<Example>
APPLICATIONS:
Frequently used in scientific and technical fields, as well as business,
when per for ming chained calculations.
FIX mode TAB = 1 (normal calculation)
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9
9
Rounded calculation (MDF)
5 9
9
0.6
5.0
0.6
(i nterna lly, 0.6)
5.4
(i nterna lly, 0.5555...)
(i nterna lly, 0.5555...)
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Basic Arithmetic Keys, Parentheses
T he four basic operators. Each is used in the same way as a standard
calculator :
+ ( addition), – (subtraction), x (multiplication), and ÷ (division).
Finds the r esult in the same way as a standard calculator.
Used to specify calculations in which certain oper ations have precedence.
You can make addition and subtr action oper ations have precedence over
multiplication and division by enclosing them in par entheses.
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Inverse, Square, Cube, xth Power of y, Square R oot, Cube R oot, xth R oot of y
C alculates the inverse of the value.
Squares the value.
C ubes the value.
C alculates exponential values.
C alculates the square root of the value.
C alculates the cube root of the value.
C alculates the xth root of y.
<Example>
O peration Display
2 2 2 2
DEG
4
DEG
24
DEG
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10 to the Power of x, Common Logarithm
C alculates the value of 10 raised to the xth power.
C alculates logar ithm, the exponent of the power to which 10 must be
r aised to equal the given value.
<Example>
O peration
3
1000
Display
DEG
DEG
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e to the Power of x, Natural Logarithm
C alculates power s based on the constant e (2.718281828).
C omputes the value of the natur al logar ithm, the exponent of the power
to which e must be r aised to equal the given value.
<Example>
O peration Display
5
10
DEG
DEG
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Factorials
T he product of a given positive integer n multiplied by all the lesser positive
integers from 1 to n-1 is indicated by n! and called the factor ial of n.
<Example>
APPLICATIONS:
Used in statistics and mathematics. In statistics, this function is used
in calculations involving combinations and per mutations.
O peration Display
DEG
7
c.f
n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x …xn
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Permutations, Combinations
T his function finds the number of differ ent possible or derings in selecting
r objects from a set of n objects. For example, there are six different
ways of ordering the letters A BC in groups of three letters—ABC, AC B,
BAC , BCA, C AB, and CBA.
T he calculation equation is
T his function finds the number of ways of selecting r objects from a set of
n objects. For example, from the three letters ABC , there are three ways
we can extr act groups of two different letters—A B, AC , and C B .
T he calculation equation is
<Example>
O peration Display
6 4
= 3 x 2 x 1 = 6 (ways).
3P3
.
3C2
DEG
DEG
6 4
APPLICATIONS:
Used in statistics (probability calculations) and in simulation hypotheses in fields such as medicine, phar maceutics, and physics. Also,
can be used to deter mine the chances of winning in lotter ies.
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Fractional Calculations
Inputs fr actions and converts mutually between fr actions and decimals.
C onverts between mixed number s and improper fr actions.
<Example>
Add 3 and , and convert to decimal notation.
2
1
5
7
O peration Display
312
57
C onvert to decimal notation
Press once to return to the previous display
DEG
DEG
DEG
C onvert to an improper fraction
Press once to return to the previous display
DEG
APPLICATIONS:
T her e is a wide var iety of applications for this function because
fr actions are such a basic par t of mathematics. T his function is useful
for calculations involving electrical circuit resistance.
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202122
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Trigonometric Functi ons
T r igonometr ic functions determine the ratio of three sides
of a right triangle. T he combinations of the thr ee sides are
sin, cos, and tan. T heir r elations ar e:
a
b
θ
C alculates the sine of an angle.
C alculates the cosine of an angle.
C alculates the tangent of an angle.
<Example>
T he angle from a point 15 meters from
a building to the highest floor of the
building is 45°. How tall is the building?
sinθ =
cosθ =
tanθ =
b
a
c
a
b
c
c
[DEG mode]
O peration Display
45 15
1
iew point
V
APPLICATIONS:
Trigonometric functions ar e useful in mathematics and var ious engineer ing
calculations. T hey ar e often used in astronomical observations, civil engineering and in calculations involving electr ical circuits, as well as in calculations for physics such as parabolic motion and wave motion.
5
DEG
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Arc Trigonometric Functi ons
Arc trigonometr ic functions, the inverse of trigonometr ic functions, are used to deter mine an angle fr om ratios
of a right triangle. T he combinations of the three sides
-1
are sin
, cos-1, and tan-1. T heir r elations are;
(arc sine) D etermines an angle based on the r atio
b/a of two sides of a r ight tr iangle.
(arc cosine) D etermines an angle based on the ratio
c/a for two sides of a right tr iangle.
(arc tangent) D eter mines an angle based on the
r atio a/b for two sides of a right triangle.
a
b
θ
c
b
θ
= sin
θ
= cos
θ
= tan
-1
a
c
-1
a
b
-1
c
<Example>
At what angle should an air plane climb in or der
to climb 80 meters in 100 meters?
[DEG mode]
O peration Display
80
100
DEG
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Hyperbolic Functions
T he hyper bolic function is defined by using natural exponents in tr igonometric functions.
Arc hyper bolic functions are defined by using natur al logar ithms in trigonometr ic functions.
APPLICATIONS:
H yper bolic and ar c hyper bolic functions are ver y useful in electrical
engineering and physics.
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“ANS” KEYS FOR 1-VARIABLE STATISTICS
C alculates the aver age value of the data ( sample data x).
C alculates the standard deviation for the data (sample data x).
C alculates the standard deviation of a data population (sample data x).
D isplays the number of input data ( sample data x) .
C alculates the sum of the data ( sample data x).
C alculates the sum of the data ( sample data x) raised to the second power .
NOT E:
1. Sample data refer s to data selected r andomly fr om the population.
2. Standard deviation of samples is determined by the sample data
shift from an aver age value.
3. Standar d deviation for the population is standard deviation when
the sample data is deemed a population ( full data).
Let’s check the r esults based on the previous data.
69 (average value)
17.75686128 (standard deviation)
17.57839583 (standard deviation of the population)
50 (total count of data)
3450 (total)
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DATA CORRECTION
appears, more data items can be browsed by pressing �
•�To delete a data set, display an item of the data set to delete, then ��
C or r ection prior to pressing immediately after a data entr y: Delete incor r ect
data with , then enter the cor r ect data.
Correction after pressing :
Use to display the data previously entered.
Pr ess to display data items in ascending (oldest first) or der . T o
reverse the display order to descending (latest first), press the key.
Each item is displayed with '
number of the data set).
D isplay the data item to modify, input the cor r ect value, then press .
Using , you can corr ect the values of the data set all at once.
• � W hen or
� or .
� press . T he data set will be deleted.
• �T o add a new data set, press and input the values, then press .
X n=', 'Y n=', or 'N n=' (n is the sequential
<Example 2>
Data table 2
X: 30, 40, 40, 50
X: 30, 45, 45, 45, 60
O peration Display
Stat 0
Select single-variable statistics mode
30
40
2
DATA SET=
DATA SET=
DEG
DEG
DEG
STAT
STAT
STAT
50
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DATA SET=
DEG
STAT
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O peration Display
DEG
X2=
DEG
45
3
X2=
DEG
N2=
DEG
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APPLICATIONS:
Single-variable statistical calculations are used in a broad r ange of fields,
including engineering, business, and economics. T hey are most often applied to
analysis in atmospheric obser vations and physics ex periments, as well as for
quality contr ol in factories.
X3=
STAT
STAT
STAT
STAT
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2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
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“ANS” KEYS FOR 2-VARIABLE STATISTICS
In addition to the 1-variable statistic keys, the followi ng k eys have been added for calcu-
lating 2-variable statistics.
C alculates the sum of the product for sample data x and sample data y.
C alculates the sum of the data ( sample data y).
C alculates the sum of the data ( sample data y) raised to the second power .
C alculates the aver age value of the data (sample data y).
C alculates the standard deviation for the data (sample data y).
C alculates the standard deviation of a data population ( sample data y) .
NOT E:
T he codes for basic statistical quantities of sample data x and their meanings
are the same as those for single-variable statistical calculations.
Let’ s check the results based on the previous data.
7.175 (Aver age for data x)
0.973579551 ( Standar d deviation for data x)
0.91070028 (Standar d deviation of the population for data x)
9.875 (Aver age for data y)
3.440826313 ( Standar d deviation for data y)
3.218598297 ( Standar d deviation of the population for data y)
8 (Total count of data)
57.4 (Sum of data x )
418.48 (Sum of data x raised to the second power )
544.1 (Sum of the product of data x and data y)
79 (Sum of data y)
863 (Sum of data y r aised to the second power)
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SHARP CORPORATION (SEP. 2017)
17JSC95E1
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