STAND-BY CONDITIONABLE TO MEET
”BLUE ANGEL” NORM (1W TOTAL POWER
CONSUMPTION)
■ INTERNALLY TRIMMEDZENER
REFERENCE
■ UNDERVOLTAGE LOCK-OUT WITH
HYSTERESIS
■ INTEGRATED START-UPSUPPLY
■ AVALANCHERUGGED
■ OVERTEMPERATUREPROTECTION
■ LOW STAND-BYCURRENT
■ ADJUSTABLECURRENTLIMITATION
VIPer20BSP
SMPS PRIMARY I.C.
PRELIMINARY DATA
10
1
PENTAWATT HVPower SO-10
DESCRIPTION
VIPer20B combineson the same silicon chip a
state-of-the-art PWM circuit together with an
optimized high voltageavalanche rugged Vertical
Power MOSFET(400V 1.3A).
Typical applications cover off line power supplies
with a secondarymax power capabilityof 30W. It
is compatible from both primary or secondary
regulation loop despite using around 50% less
components when compared with a discrete
solution. Burst mode operation is an additional
feature of this device, offering the possibility to
operateinstand-bymodewithoutextra
components.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VDD
September 1999
13 V
_
+
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
0.5V
UVLO
LOGIC
ON/OFF
+
_
4.5V
SECURITY
LATCH
R/SSQ
OVERTEMP.
DETECTOR
2 µs
delay
OSC
OSCILLATOR
PWM
LATCH
R1
R2 R3
COMP
DRAIN
S
FFFF
Q
0.5V
_
+
+
300 ns
Blanking
6 V/A
_
CURRENT
AMPLIFIER
SOURCE
FC00490
1/17
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
ABSOLUTEMAXIMUM RATING
SymbolPara met e rVal u eUni t
V
I
V
V
OSC
V
COMP
I
COMP
V
I
D(AR)
P
T
T
THERMALDATA
R
thj-case
R
thj-a mb.
Continuous Dr ain-Sour ce Voltage (Tj = 25 to 125oC)-0.3 to 400V
DS
Maximum CurrentInternally LimitedA
D
Supply Volt age0 to 15V
DD
Volt a ge Range Input0 to V
DD
Volt a ge Range Input0 t o 5V
Maximum Conti nuou s C urrent±2mA
Electrostatic d ischarge (R = 1.5 KΩ C = 100p F )
esd
Avalanche Drain-Source Current , Repetiti ve or No t-R epetitiv e
=100oC, Pulse Width Limite d by TJmax, δ <1%)
(T
C
Power Dissi pation at Tc = 25oC57W
tot
Junction Op erating Temperature-40 to 140
j
St orage Temper at u r e-65 to 150
stg
2000V
TBDA
Ther mal Resistan c e Junction- caseMa x2.0
Ther mal Resistan c e Junction- ambient
70
Max
o
o
o
C/W
o
C/W
V
C
C
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS (Top View)
PENTAWATT HVPowerSO-10
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE CONVENTIONS
IDDID
IOSC
OSC
VDD
13V
VOSC
+
ICOMP
VCOMP
DRAINVDD
COMP SOURCE
VDS
2/17
FC00020
ORDERING NUMBERS
PENTAW AT T HVPowerSO -10
VIPer 20BVIPer20BSP
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
PINSFUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
DRAINPIN:
Integrated power MOSFET drain pin. It provides
internal bias current during start-up via an
integrated high voltage current source which is
switched off during normal operation.The device
is able to handle an unclampedcurrent during its
normal operation, assuring self protectionagainst
voltage surges, PCB stray inductance, and
allowing a snubberless operation for low output
power.
SOURCEPIN:
Power MOSFET source pin. Primary side circuit
commongroundconnection.
VDD PIN :
This pin providestwo functions:
- It corresponds to the low voltage supply of the
controlpart of the circuit. If V
the start-up current source is activatedand the
output power MOSFET is switched off untilthe
V
voltage reaches 11V. During this phase,
DD
the internal current consumption is reduced,
the V
pin is sourcing a currentof about 1mA
DD
and the COMP pin is shorted to ground. After
that, the current source is shut down, and the
devicetries to startupby switching again.
goes below 8V,
DD
- Thispin isalsoconnected to the error amplifier,
in order to allow primary as well as secondary
regulation configurations. In case of primary
regulation, an internal 13V trimmed reference
voltage is used to maintain V
secondary regulation, a voltage between 8.5V
and 12.5V will be put on V
transformerdesign, in orderto stuckthe output
of the transconductance amplifier to the high
state. The COMP pin behaves as a constant
at 13V. For
DD
DD
pin by
current source, and can easily be connectedto
the output of an optocoupler. Note that any
overvoltage due toregulation loop failure is still
detected by the error amplifier through the V
DD
voltage, which cannot overpass 13V. The
output voltage will be somewhat higher than
the nominalone, but still under control.
COMP PIN :
This pin provides two functions :
- It is the output of the error transconductance
amplifier, and allows for the connection of a
compensation network to provide the desired
transfer function of the regulation loop. Its
bandwidth can be easily adjusted to the
needed value withusual componentsvalue. As
statedabove,secondaryregulation
configurations are also implemented through
the COMP pin.
- When the COMP voltage is going below 0.5V,
the shut-downof the circuit occurs, with a zero
duty cycle for the power MOSFET.This feature
can be used to switch off the converter, and is
automatically activated by the regulation loop
(whatever is the configuration) to provide a
burst mode operation in case of negligible
output power or openload condition.
OSC PIN :
An R
to define the switching frequency. Note that
despite the connection of R
significant frequency change occurs for V
varying from 8V to 15V. It provides also a
synchronisationcapability, when connectedto an
external frequencysource.
Shutdown
Unde rv oltage Res et( s ee fig. 2)1112V
Hyst eresis S tart-up(see fig. 2)2.43V
0.6mA
15.7
Ω
Ω
OSCILLATORSECTION
SymbolParameterTest Cond itionsMin.Typ.Max.Unit
4/17
F
F
V
V
SW1
SW2
OSCih
OSCil
Os cillator F r equ en c y
Init ial Acc ur a c y
Os cillator F r equ en c y
Total Variation
R
T
=8.2K
Ω
CT=2.4 nF
(see fig.7)
R
T
V
DD
=8.2K
Ω
CT=2.4 nF
=9to15V TJ= 0 t o 100oC
Os cillator Pe a k V oltage7.1V
Os cillator Va lle y
Voltage
90100110K Hz
80100120K Hz
3.7V
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
ERRORAMPLIFIERSECTION
SymbolParameterTest Cond itionsMin.Typ.Max.Unit
V
DDreg
∆V
DDreg
G
A
VOL
G
V
COMPLO
V
COMPHI
I
COMPLO
I
COMPHI
PWM COMPARATOR SECTION
SymbolParameterTest Cond itionsMin.Typ.Max.Unit
H
V
COMPoffVCOMP
I
Dpeak
t
t
VDD Re gul at i on PointI
=0mA(seefig.1)12.61313.4 V
COMP
Total VariationTJ= 0 to 100oC2%
Unity Gain BandwidthF rom I nput = VDDto Output = V
BW
COMP
150KHz
COM P pi n is open (see f ig. 8)
Open Loop Volt age
COM P pi n is open (see f ig. 8)TBD5 0dB
Gain
DC Tran sconduct an c eV
m
Out put L ow Level
Out put H igh Level
Out put L ow Curr ent
= 2.5 V(see fig. 1)TBD1.5T BDmA/V
COMP
=-400µAVDD=14V
I
COMP
=400µAVDD=12V
I
COMP
V
=2.5VVDD=14V-600µA
COMP
0.2V
4.5V
Capa bility
Output High Current
V
=2.5VVDD= 1 2 V600µA
COMP
Capa bility
V
∆V
ID
COMP
/∆I
Dpeak
offsetI
= 1 to 3 VTBD2.3TBDV/A
COMP
=10mA0.5V
Dpeak
Peak Curr ent Limitation VDD= 1 2 VCOM P pin open1.3TBDA
Current Sense Delay
d
ID= 0. 4 A250ns
to turn-off
Blanking Time300ns
b
SHUTDOWNAND OVERTEMPERATURE SECTION
SymbolParameterTest Cond itionsMin.Typ.Max.Unit
V
COMPth
t
DISsu
T
T
hyst
Restart threshold(see fig. 4)0.5V
Disabl e Set Up Time(see fig. 4 )1. 75µ s
Thermal Shutdown
tsd
(see fig. 6)140160
Tem p er at u re
Thermal Shutdown
(see fig. 6)34
Hyst e r esis
o
o
C
C
5/17
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
Figure1:VDDRegulationPoint
COMP
I
ICOMPHI
0
ICOMPLO
VDDreg
Figure3: TransitionTime
ID
10%Ipeak
VDS
90%VD
Slope =
Gm in mA/V
FC00150
Figure2: UndervoltageLockout
IDD
IDD0
DD
V
VDDhyst
V
DDoff
IDDch
Figure4: ShutDown Action
VOSC
V
COMP
t
VCOMPth
I
D
tDISsu
VDS=70V
Fsw = 0
V
DDon
FC00170
VDD
t
t
10%V
D
tftr
t
FC00160
ENABLE
t
ENABLE
DISABLE
FC00060
6/17
Figure5: Start-upWaveforms
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
Figure6: OvertemperatureProtection
Tj
Ttsd
ID
VDD
VDDon
VCOMP
Thyst
t
t
t
t
FC10192
7/17
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
Figure7: Oscillator
Ct
Rt
OSC
~360Ω
VDD
Dmax
0.9
0.8
0.7
For RT> 1.2 KΩ:
SW
MAX
=
= 1 −
R
2.3
TCT
R
D
MAX
550
− 150
T
MAX
values:
F
CLK
D
RecommendedD
100KHz: > 80%
200KHz: > 70%
FC00050
Maximum duty cycle vs Rt
1
FC00040
Frequency (kHz)
0.6
0.5
123510203050
Rt (kΩ)
Oscillatorfrequency vs Rt and Ct
1,000
Ct =1.5nF
500
Ct =2.7 nF
300
Ct = 4.7 nF
200
Ct =10nF
100
50
30
123510203050
Rt (kΩ)
FC00030FC00030
8/17
Figure8: ErrorAmplifier FrequencyResponse
60
RCOMP= +∞
RCOMP= 270k
40
RCOMP= 82k
RCOMP= 27k
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
FC00200
20
VoltageGain (dB)
RCOMP= 12k
0
(20)
0.0010.010.11101001,000
Figure9: ErrorAmplifierPhase Response
200
150
Frequency (kHz)
FC00210
RCOMP= +∞
RCOMP= 270k
RCOMP= 82k
RCOMP= 27k
Phase (°)
100
50
RCOMP= 12k
0
(50)
0.0010.010.11101001,000
Frequency (kHz)
9/17
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
Figure10: Off Line Power Supply WithAuxliary Supply Feedback
F1
BR1
D1
C2
C4
R1
D3
C3
R7
ACIN
TR2
C1
R9
TR1
D2
C7
C10
L2
C9
+Vcc
GND
R2
13V
+
C11
OSC
C5
DRAINVDD
COMP SOURCE
C6
R3
Figure11: Off Line Power Supply With OptocouplerFeedback
F1
13V
BR1
+
C2
D3
C4
COMP SOURCE
D1
R1
C3
R7
DRAINVDD
VIPer
AC I N
TR2
C1
R9
R2
OSC
C5
VIPer
TR1
FC00402
D2
C7
C10
L2
C9
+Vcc
GND
10/17
C11
C6
R3
R6
ISO1
R4
U2
C8
R5
FC00412
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
OPERATIONDESCRIPTION :
CURRENT MODETOPOLOGY:
The current mode control method, like the one
integrated in the VIPer20B uses two control loops
- an inner current control loop and an outer loop
for voltage control. When the Power MOSFET
output transistor is on, the inductor current
(primaryside of the transformer)is monitoredwith
a SenseFET technique and converted into a
voltage V
reaches V
proportional to this current. When V
S
COMP
(the amplified output voltage
error) the power switch is switched off. Thus, the
outer voltage control loop defines the level at
which the inner loop regulates peak current
through the power switch and theprimary winding
of the transformer.
Excellent open loop D.C. and dynamic line
regulation is ensured due to the inherent input
voltage feedforward characteristic of the current
mode control. This results in an improved line
regulation,instantaneous correction toline
changes and better stability for the voltage
regulationloop.
Current mode topology also ensures good
limitation in the case of short circuit. During a first
phase the output current increases slowly
followingthe dynamic of the regulation loop. Then
itreaches themaximum limitationcurrent
internally set and finally stops because the power
supply on V
is no longer correct. For specific
DD
applications the maximum peak current internally
set can be overridden by externally limiting the
voltage excursion onthe COMP pin.An
integrated blanking filter inhibits thePWM
comparator output for a short time after the
integrated Power MOSFET is switched on. This
functionprevents anomalousorpremature
termination of the switching pulse in the case of
currentspikescausedbyprimaryside
capacitance or secondary side rectifier reverse
recovery time.
STAND-BY MODE
Stand-by operation in nearly open load condition
automatically leads to a burst mode operation
allowing voltage regulation on the secondary
side. The transition from normal operation to
burst mode operation happens for a power P
STBY
given by :
1
2
P
STBY
L
=
PISTBY
2
F
SW
Where:
L
isthe primaryinductance of the transformer.
P
F
is the normalswitching frequency.
SW
I
is theminimum controllable current,
STBY
corresponding to the minimum on time that the
deviceis able to provide in normal operation. This
currentcan be computedas :
+ td) V
(t
I
STBY
S
tb+tdis the sum of the blanking time and of the
b
=
IN
L
P
propagation time of the internal current sense
and comparator, and represents roughly the
minimum on time of the device. Note that P
may be affectedby the efficiency of the converter
at low load, and mustinclude the power drawn on
the primary auxiliaryvoltage.
As soon as the power goes below this limit, the
auxiliary secondary voltage starts to increase
above the 13V regulation level forcing the output
voltage of the transconductance amplifier to low
state (V
COMP
<V
). This situation leads to
COMPth
the shutdown mode where the power switch is
maintained in the off state, resulting in missing
cycles and zero duty cycle. As soon as V
back to the regulation level and the V
threshold is reached, the device operates again.
The above cycle repeats indefinitely, providing a
burst mode of which the effective duty cycle is
much lower than the minimum one when in
normal operation. Theequivalent switching
frequency is also lower than the normal one,
leading to a reduced consumption on the input
mains lines. This mode of operation allows the
VIPer20B to meet the new German ”Blue Angel”
Norm with 1W total power consumption for the
system when working in stand-by. The output
voltage remains regulated around the normal
level, with a low frequency ripple corresponding
to the burst mode. The amplitude of this ripple is
low, because of the output capacitors and of the
low output current drawn in such conditions.The
normal operation resumes automaticallywhen the
power get back to higher levels than P
HIGHVOLTAGESTART-UPCURRENT
SOURCE
Anintegrated highvoltage current source
provides a bias current from the DRAIN pin
during the start-up phase. This current is partially
absorbed by internal control circuits which are
placed into a standby mode with reduced
STBY
STBY
gets
DD
COMPth
.
11/17
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
consumption and also provided to the external
capacitor connected to the V
pin. As soon as
DD
the voltage on this pin reaches the high voltage
threshold V
of the UVLO logic, the device
DDon
turns into active mode and starts switching. The
start up current generator is switched off, and the
converter should normally provide the needed
current on the V
pin through the auxiliary
DD
winding of the transformer, as shown on figure
12.
In case of abnormalcondition where the auxiliary
winding is unable to provide the low voltage
supply current to the V
pin (i.e. short circuit on
DD
the output of the converter), the external
capacitor discharges itself down to the low
threshold voltage V
of the UVLO logic, and
DDoff
the device get back to the inactive state where
the internal circuits are in standby mode and the
start up currentsource isactivated.Theconverter
enters a endless start up cycle, with a start-up
duty cycle defined by the ratio of charging current
towards discharging when the VIPer20B tries to
start. This ratio is fixed by design to 2 to 14,
which gives a 13% start up duty cycle while the
power dissipation at start up is approximately1W,
for a 230 Vrms input voltage. This low value of
start-up duty cycle prevents the stress of the
output rectifiers and of the transformer when in
short circuit.
The external capacitor C
on the VDDpin must
VDD
be sized according to the time needed by the
converter to start up, when the device starts
switching. This time t
depends on many
SS
parameters, among which transformer design,
outputcapacitors,softstartfeatureand
compensation network implemented on the
COMP pin. The followingformula can be used for
definingthe minimum capacitorneeded:
I
>
DDtSS
V
DDhyst
C
VDD
where:
I
is the consumption current on the VDDpin
DD
when switching. Refer to specified I
DD1
and I
DD2
values.
t
is the start up time of the converter when the
SS
device begins to switch. Worst case is generally
at full load.
V
DDhyst
is the voltage hysteresis of the UVLO
logic. Referto the minimumspecified value.
Soft start feature can be implemented on the
COMP pin through a simple capacitor which will
be also used as the compensation network. In
this case, the regulation loop bandwidth is rather
low, because of the large value of this capacitor.
In case a large regulation loop bandwidth is
mandatory, the schematics of figure 13 can be
used. It mixes a high performance compensation
Figure12: Behaviourof the high voltagecurrent source at start-up
VDD
VDDon
VDDoff
t
Auxiliary primary
winding
2mA
15 mA
CVDD
VDD
15 mA1mA
Ref.
UNDERVOLTAGE
LOCK OUT LOGIC
VIPer
Start up duty cycle ~ 10%
12/17
3mA
DRAIN
SOURCE
FC00422
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
network together with a separate high value soft
start capacitor. Both soft start time and regulation
loop bandwidth can be adjustedseparately.
If the device is intentionally shut down by putting
the COMP pin to ground, the device is also
performingstart-up cycles, and the V
oscillatingbetween V
DDon
and V
DDoff
voltage is
DD
. This voltage
can be used for supplying external functions,
provided that their consumption doesn’t exceed
0.5mA. Figure 14 shows a typical application of
this function, with a latched shut down. Once the
”Shutdown” signal has been activated, the device
remains in the off state until the input voltage is
removed.
TRANSCONDUCTANCE ERROR AMPLIFIER
The VIPer30B includes a transconductance error
amplifier. Transconductance Gm is the change in
output current (I
voltage (V
∂
=
G
m
I
COMP
∂ V
). Thus:
DD
DD
The output impedanceZ
) versus change in input
COMP
at the output of this
COMP
amplifier(COMP pin)can be definedas:
Z
COMP
∂V
COMP
=
∂ I
=
COMP
G
∂ V
1
m
COMP
x
∂ V
DD
This last equation shows that the open loop gain
A
canbe related to GmandZ
VOL
A
VOL=GmxZCOMP
COMP
:
where Gmvalue for VIPer20B is 1.5 mA/V
typically.
G
is well defined by specification, but Z
m
COMP
andthereforeA
aresubjecttolarge
VOL
tolerances. An impedance Z can be connected
between the COMP pin and ground in order to
define more accurately the transfer function F of
the error amplifier, according to the following
equation,very similar to the oneabove:
F
=Gm x Z(S)
(S)
Theerror amplifier frequency response is
reported in figure 8 for different values ofa simple
resistance connected on the COMP pin. The
unloaded transconductanceerror amplifier shows
an internal Z
COMP
of about 330 KΩ. More
complex impedance can be connected on the
COMP pin to achieve different compensation
laws. A capacitor will provide an integrator
function, thus eliminating the DC static error, and
a resistance in series leads to a flat gain at higher
frequency, insuring a correct phase margin. This
configurationis illustrated on figure 15.
As shown in figure 15 an additional noise filtering
capacitor of 2.2 nF is generally needed to avoid
any high frequencyinterference.
It can be also interesting to implement a slope
compensation when working in continuous mode
with duty cycle higher than 50%. Figure 16 shows
such a configuration.Note that R1 and C2 build
the classical compensation network, and Q1 is
injecting the slope compensationwith the correct
polarity from the oscillatorsawtooth.
EXTERNALCLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION:
TheOSCpinprovides asynchronisation
capability, when connected to an external
frequency source. Figure 17 shows one possible
Figure13: MixedSoft Start and Compensation
D2
C2
+
D3
R3
R2
FC00432
AUXILIARY
WINDING
VIPer
OSC
C3
+
-
13V
+
C4
DRAINVDD
COMP SO URCE
R1
C1
D1
Figure14: LatchedShutDown
R1
Shutdown
Q2
R4
OSC
R2R3
Q1
VIPer
-
13V
+
D1
DRAINVDD
COMP SOURCE
FC00442
13/17
VIPer20B / VIPer20BSP
schematic to be adapted depending the specific
needs. If the proposed schematic is used, the
pulse duration must be kept at a low value (500ns
is sufficient) for minimizing consumption. The
optocoupler must be able to provide 20mA
through the optotransistor.
PRIMARY PEAK CURRENT LIMITATION
The primary I
DPEAK
current and, as resulting
effect, the output power can be limited using the
simple circuit shown in figure 18. The circuit
based on Q1, R
and R2clamps the voltage on
1
the COMP pin in order to limit the primary peak
current of the device to a value:
I
DPEAK
V
=
COMP
H
− 0.5
ID
Figure15: TypicalCompensation Network
VIPer
DRAINVDD
COMP SOURCE
R1
C1
OSC
13V
-
+
C2
where:
+ R
R
1
V
COMP
= 0.6 x
2
R
2
The suggested value for R1+R2is in the range of
220KΩ.
OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION:
Over-temperature protection is based on chip
temperature sensing. The minimum junction
temperature at which over-temperature cut-out
occurs is 140
o
C while the typical value is 160oC.
The device is automatically restarted when the
junction temperature decreases to the restart
temperaturethresholdthat is typically 34
o
C below
the shutdownvalue (see figure 6).
Figure16: SlopeCompensation
R1R2
OSC
Q1
VIPer
-
13V
+
C2
DRAINVDD
COMP SOURCE
C3
C1R3
FC00452
FC00462
Figure17:ExternalClock SynchronizationFigure 18:Current LimitationCircuit Example
Information furnished is believed to beaccurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is
granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specification mentioned in this publication are
subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products
are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
The ST logo is a trademark of STMicroelectronics
1999 STMicroelectronics – Printed in Italy – AllRights Reserved
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