IF input carrier frequency: f = 1.84 MHz
Single internal 6 bit A/D converter
QPSK demodulation
Input symbol frequency: Fs = 1.84 Msymbols/s
Digital Nyquist root filter:
- roll-off value of 0.4
Digital carrier loop:
- on-chip quadrature demodulator and tracking
loop
- lock detector
- C/N indicator
Digital timing recovery:
- internal timing error evaluation, filter and
correction
- Reed-Solomon decoder for 32 parity bytes;
correction of up to 16 byte errors
- Block lengths: 255
- Energy dispersal descrambler
BACK_END INTERFACE:
Broadcast Channel selection
Audio Service Component selection to MPEG
decoder
Service Component selection
CONTROL:
I2C serial Bus control interface
STA002
STARMAN CHANNEL DECO DE R
TQFP44
DECRYPTION:
WES scheme supported
DESCRIPTION
Designed for World Space satellites digital audio
receivers, the STA002 Digital Receiver Front-end
integrates all the blocks needed to demodulate
incoming digital satellite audio signals from the
tuner: analog to digital converter, QPSK demodulator, signal power estimator, automat ic gain control, Viterbi decoder, deinterleaver, Reed-Solomon decoder and energy dispersal descrabler. Its
advanced error correction functions guarantees a
low error rate even with small low gain receiver
antennas.
Additional functions include the selection of
broadcast channel, service components and
audio components for source decoding:
- The MPEG Audio bitstream is provided at the
serial audio output port.
- The Broadcast Channel is provided to the serial
data output port.
- The Service Component is provided at the SC
output interface.
World Space encryption scheme is supported for
pay programs and paging.
January 2002
1/43
STA002
Fig. 1: Channel Decoder Block Diagram
LOCK
AGC
RXI
RNXI
M_CLK
A/D
PLL/CLOCK
DISTRIBUTION
MICROPROCESSOR
INTRRESETMINTR
Fig. 2: Pin Connection
QPSK
FRAME
SYNC.
INTERFACE
SCL
TDM_CLK
SDA
TDM
TDM FRAME
CONTROLLER
PRC
MANAGEMENT
BC_CLK
TSCC
MANAGEMENT
VITERBI
BC
MANGEMENT
DE-INTERLEAVER
BC
DATA
INTERFACE
SC
DATA
INTERFACE
SC
SOURCE
DECODER
INTERFACE
REED
SOLOMON
D96AU541C
BCCK
BCDO
BCSYNC
BCDIN
SCEN
SCDO
SCCK
SCK
SDO
SEN
BC/TSCC
2/43
TEST 1
AGC
VDD
A_VDD
RXI
NRXI
A_GND
GND
M_CLK
CLK_TEST
TEST 2
SCEN
VDD
BCDO
BCCK
TEST 8
TEST 9
SCDO
GND
SCCK
VDD
GND
44 43 42 41394038 37 36 35 34
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12 13 14 15 16
VDD
LOCK
TEST 3
171118 19 20 21 22
SCL
SDA
GND
INTR
GND
VDD
RESET
TEST 4
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
TEST 7
BCDIN
BCSYNC
GND
SDO
SCK
SEN
VDD
TEST 6
MINTR
TEST 5
D97AU671A
PIN DESCRIPTION
TypePin NameTypeFunctionPAD Description
1, 11, 12TEST (1:3)ITest Pin CMOS Input Pad Buffer with Pull-Down
2223 , 25 , 3 3, 3 4 , 44 TEST
2AGCOAGC OutputCMOS 2mA Output Driver
3, 14, 21,
VDDPositive Supply Voltage
26, 38, 40
4A_VDDAnalog Positive Supply Voltage
5RXIIIF Signal InputAnalog Pad Buffer
6NRXIIIF Signal InputAnalog Pad Buffer
7A_GNDAnalog Ground
9M_CLKIMaster ClockAnalog Pad Buffer with Comparator
10CLK_TESTNot ConnectedCMOS Input Pad Buffer
13LOCKOCarrrier Lock IndicatorCMOS 2mA Output Driver
15SDAI/OData + ACKCMOS Schmitt Trigger Bdir Pad Bufer
16SCLISerial ClockCMOS Input Pad Schmitt Triggered
Note: pin 1, 11, 12 and 22 must be connected to ground in functional mode.
ITest Pin
(4:9)
STA002
THERMAL DATA
SymbolParameterValueUnit
R
th j-amb
Thermal resistance Junction to Ambient85°C/W
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SymbolParameterValueUnit
V
DD
V
i
V
O
T
stg
T
oper
Power Supply-0.3 to 4V
Voltage on Input pins-0.3 to VDD +0.3V
Voltage on output pins-0.3 to VDD +0.3V
Storage Temperature-40 to +150°C
Operative ambient temp-20 to +85°C
3/43
STA002
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
DD
= 3.3V ±0.3V; T
V
amb
= 0 to 70°C; Rg = 50Ω unless otherwise
specified
DC OPERATING CONDITIONS
SymbolParameterValue
V
T
GENERAL INTERFACE ELECTRICAL CHARACTER IST ICS
Power Supply Voltage2.7 to 3.6V
DD
Operating Junction Temperature-20 to 125°C
j
SymbolParameterTest ConditionMin.Typ.Max.UnitNote
I
IL
Low Level Input Current
Vi = 0V-1010
A1
µ
Without pull-up device
I
IH
High Level Input Current
Vi = V
DD
-1010
A1
µ
Without pull-up device
V
esd
The leakage currents are generally very small, < 1nA. The value given here is a maximum that can occur after an electrostatic stress
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The STA002 integrates all the functions needed
to demodulate the signal coming from the RF FE;
with reference to the block diagram (Fig 1),
STA002 includes the following functions:
Microprocessor interface
Data transmission from microcontroller to the de-
vice takes place through the 2 wires (SDA and
SCL) I2C bus interface. STA002 acts always as a
slave in all its communications.
Interface to the Front-end
This block receives from the RF front-end the
QPSK modulated signal, centered at 1.84 MHz
(2nd IF frequency). This signal is over sampled
using the Master Clock and converted to digital
on 6 bits in 2’s complement format. The same frequency is also used to provide the clock signal for
the QPSK demodulator block.
QPSK
This block is composed by:
- AGC1
- quadrature demodulator
- carrier recovery
- timing recovery
- frequency sweep generator
- AGC2
- lock indicator
- carrier to noise estimator
To assure flexibility and to cover different working
conditions most of the parameters of each function can be programmed through the I2C interface.
TDM Demultiplexer
The TDM frame is divided into 3 fields.
The first is the Master Frame Preamble (MFP)
which contains the synchronisation word. The
second, the Time Slot Control Channel (TSCC),
contains information about the or ganiz ation of the
Prime Rate Channel data which follows. The
third, is the data field; it contains 96 Prime Rate
Channels of 16 Kbit/s each; up to 8 Prime Rate
Channels are grouped into one Broadcast Channel.
The TDM demultiplexer executes the extraction
and decoding of one Broadcast Channel from the
TDM stream, according to the instructions coming from the microcontroller. The decoding flow is
the following:
- TDM synchronization
The master frame synchronization block receives
the demodulated symbol stream from the QPSK
demodulator and performs the alignment detecting the Master Frame Preamble.
The known syncronization word is also used to
correct the phase ambiguity intrinsic in QPSK demodulation.
- TSCC extraction
The information of the Prime Rate Channels to
Broadcast Channels allocation are contained in
the TSCC field which is synchronised with the
MFP.
In this stage all the information related to the
TSCC are extracted and made available for the
microcontroller via the I2C interface.
- PRC extraction and BC recovery
This block, after the Broadcast Channel (BC) se-
lection, performs the extrac tion and synchronisation of the Prime Rate Channels (PRC) belonging
to the selected BC.
The extracted PRCs are aligned and grouped into
one BC data stream.
- FEC decoder
The extracted BC is decoded using a concate-
nated Forward Error Correction approach.
The FEC circuitry utilizes three error correction
stages: a rate 1/2 Viterbi decoder, a 255x4 bytes
convolutional deinterleaver and a 255/223 Reed
Solomon decoder.
The RS input blocks are 255 bytes long with 32
parity bytes.
Up to 16 errored bytes can be fixed in each RS
block.
BC demultiplexer
Every BC contains up to 8 Service Components;
the Service Control Header (SCH) field contains
all the information related to the organization of
the Service Components. This stage provides the
extraction of the SCH from the BC.
The SCH is available through I2C bus to the microcontroller for the selection of the desired Audio
Service Component, which is then supplied directly to the MPEG Source decoder via the audio
Service Component Interface.
DEVICE OPERATION
2
1. I
C BUS SPECIFICATION
The STA002 supports the I2C protocol. This protocol defines any device that sends data on to the
bus as a transmitter and any device that reads
the data as a receiver. The device that controls
the data transfer is known as the master and the
others as the slave. The master will always initiate the transfer and will provide the serial clock
6/43
STA002
for synchronisation. The STA002 is always a
slave device in all its communications.
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
1. 1
1.1.0 Data transition or change
Data changes on the SDA line must only occur
when the SCL clock is low. SDA transitions while
the clock is high are used to identify START or
STOP condition.
1.1.1 Start condition
START is identified by a high to low t ransition of
the data bus SDA signal while the clock signal
SCL is stable in the high state. A START condition must precede any command for data transfer.
1.1.2 Stop condition
STOP is identified by low to high transition of the
data bus SDA signal while the clock signal SCL is
stable in the high state. A STOP condition terminates communications between STA002 and the
bus master.
1.1.3 Acknowledge bit
An acknowledge bit is used to indicate a success-
ful data transfer. The bus transmitter, either master or slave, will r elease the SDA bus aft er sending 8 bits of data.
During the 9th clock pulse the receiver pulls the
SDA bus low to acknowledge the receipt of 8 bits
of data.
Some registers do not give acknowledge when
the data is not available.
(RW; set to 1 in read mode and to 0 in write
mode). After a START condition the STA002
identifies on the bus the device address and if
matching it will acknowledges the identification on
SDA bus during the 9th bit time.
The following 2 bytes after t he device identification byte are the internal space address.
1.3 WRITE OPERATION (see fig. 5)
Following a START condition the master sends a
device select code with the RW bit set to 0.
The STA002 gives the acknowledge and waits for
the 2 bytes of internal address. The least significant 10 bits of t he 2 bytes address provides access to any of the internal registers. The most
significant bit means incremental mode (1 =
autoincremental, 0 = no) and the other bits are
set to zero.
After the receiption of each of the internal bytes
address the STA002 again responds with an acknowledge.
1.3.1 Byte write
In the byte write mode the master sends one data
byte and this is acknowledged by STA002. The
master then terminates the transfer by generating
a STOP condition.
1.3.2 Multibyte write
The multibyte write mode can start from any inter-
nal address. The master sends the data and each
one is acknowledged by t he STA002. The transfer is terminated by the master generating a
STOP condition.
1.1.4 Data input
During the data input the STA002 samples the
SDA signal on the rising edge of the clock SCL.
For correct device operation the SDA signal has
to be stable during the rising edge of the clock
and the data can change only when the SCL line
is low.
1.2 DEVICE ADDRESSING
To start communication between the master and
the STA002, the master must initiate with a start
condition. Following this the master sends onto
the SDA line 8 bits (MSB first) corresponding to
the device select address and read or write
mode.
The 7 most significant bits are the device address
identifier, corresponding to the I2C bus definition.
For the STA002 these are fixed as 1101010.
The 8th bit (LSB) is the read or write operation bit
1.4 READ OPERATION (see Fig. 6)
1.4.1 Current byte address read
The STA002 has an internal byte address
counter. Each time a byte is written or read, this
counter, according to the autoincremental bit setting, is incremented or not.
For the current byte address read mode, following a START condition the master sends the device address with the RW bit set to 1. The
STA002 acknowledges this and outputs the byte
addressed by the internal byte address counter.
The counter is then incremented or not depending on the autoincremental bit. The master does
not acknowledge the received byte, but terminates the transfer with a STOP condition.
1.4.2 Random byte address read
A dummy write is performed to load the byte ad-
dress into the internal address register.
7/43
STA002
Fig. 5: Write Mode Sequence
BYTE
WRITE
MULTIBYT
WRITE
START
START
DEV
DEV
ACK
RW
ACK
RW
BYTE
BYTE
ACK
ACK
Fig. 6: Read Mode Sequence
CURRENT
ADDRESS
READ
RANDOM
ADDRESS
READ
SEQUENTIAL
CURRENT
READ
SEQUENTIAL
RANDOM
READ
START
START
START
START
ACK
DEV
RW
ACK
DEV
RW
RW=
ACK
HIGH
DEV
ACK
DEV
RW
DATA
BYTE
DATA
BYTE
NO ACK
ACK
ACK
ACK
STOP
ACK
BYTE
DATA
ACK
BYTE
This is followed by another START condition from
the master and the device address repeated with
the RW bit set to 1. The STA002 acknowledges
this and outputs the byte addressed by the internal byte address counter.
The master does not acknowledge the received
byte, but terminates the transfer with a STOP
condition.
BYTE
BYTE
STARTRW
STARTRW
ACK
ACK
DEV
DEV
DATA IN
DATA IN
ACK
ACK
ACK
DATA
DATA
DATA
ACK
ACK
NO ACK
NO ACK
ACK
STOP
STOP
STOP
DATA IN
D97AU669
ACKNO ACK
DATA
D97AU670
1.4.3 Sequential address read
This mode can be initiated with either a current
address read or a random address read. However in this case the master does acknowledge
the data byte output and the STA002 continues to
output the next byte in sequence.
To terminate the stream of bytes the master does
not acknowledge the last received byte, but terminates the transfer with a STOP condition.
The output data stream is from consecutive byte
addresses, with the internal byte address counter
automatically incremented after each byte output.