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LC77
User Manual
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Sencore LC77 User Manual

LC77
“AUTO-Z”
CAPACITOR — INDUCTOR
ANALYZER
Operation, Application, and Maintenance Manual
SENCORE
3200 Sencore Drive, Sioux Fails, South Dakota 57107
1
Notes
Introduction
DESCR I PTION
Capacitor and inductor usage is extensive, encompas sing all facets of industrial and consumer electronics. Very few circuits lack either of these components. Be cause the transistor gave way to the IC, and the IC gave way to the LSIC, capacitor and inductor usage continues to increase rapidly since neither of these com
ponents can be physically incorporated into ICs on a broad basis.. Though they have changed some in phys ical size, capacitors still perform the same basic func tions. But in today's circuits, more than ever before, the tolerances and parameters of capacitors and induc tors are critical to proper circuit operation.
Capacitor value and tight tolerance is just one impor tant parameter. In today’s high performance circuits, leakage, dielectric absorption, and ESR are necessary indicators of a capacitor’s ability to perform properly in circuit. Inductors too, require tight tolerances and quality checks. Unless all of these parameters can be thoroughly analyzed, troubleshooting becomes a gues sing game.
The Sencore LC77 “AUTO-Z” takes the guess work out of capacitor and inductor testing. It provides automatic tests of capacitor value, leakage, ESR, and a patented dielectric absorption test. Inductors are automatically analyzed for value and quality with patented tests. The LC77 is a complete, automatic, microprocessor-control- led capacitor and inductor analyzer. Its features make it ideally suited for both single component analyzing in service or maintenance work, or for large volume
batch testing in a lab or incoming inspection.
Features
The Sencore LC77 “AUTO-Z” is a dynamic, portable, automatic capacitor and inductor tester. It is designed to quickly identify defective components by simply con necting the capacitor or inductor to the test leads and pushing a test button. The test result is readily dis played on an LCD readout in common terms. All capacitor and inductor test results may also be dis played as good/bad compared to standards adopted by the Electronic Industries Association (ElA). User de fined limits may also be programmed into the LC77 for the good/bad comparison.
In addition to testing capacitors for value up to 20 Farads, the LC77 checks capacitors for leakage at their
rated working voltage, up to 1000 volts. ESR is checked with a patent-pending test, and an automatic, patented test checks capacitor dielectric absorption. A patented inductance value test provides a fast, accurate test of true inductance. A patented ringing test checks coils, deflection yoke, switching power supply transformers, and other non-iron core inductors with a fast, reliable good/bad quality test.
Automatic lead zeroing balances out test lead capaci tance, resistance, and inductance for accurate readings on small capacitors and inductors. The LC77 is pro tected from external voltages applied to the test leads by a fuse in the TEST LEAD JACK and special circuitry which locks out all test buttons when voltage is sensed on the test leads.
Battery operation makes the LC77 completely portable for on-location troubleshooting in all types of servicing from industrial equipment to avionics to cable fault locating. An optional SCR & Triac tester extends the LC77 test .capabilities to provide a fast, accurate test of these components. The LC77 may be interfaced into any IEEE 488 Bus system for fully automatic, computer controlled testing in a laboratory or incoming inspec tion area.
Specifications
DIGITAL READOUT
TYPE: .45”, 6 digit, 7 segment LCD READINGS: Fully autoranged with auto decimal place
ment. One or two place holding zeros added as needed to provide standard value readouts of pF, uF, F, uH or mH.
ANNUNCIATORS: pF, uF, F, uH, mH, H, uA, mA, %,
V, kft, MA, OHMS, RINGS, SHORT, OPEN, WAIT, GOOD, BAD.
CAPACITORS (Out of circuit)
Dynamic test of capacity value is determined by measuring one RC time constant as capacitor is charged to 4-5 V through:
1.5 Megohms for 0 - .002 uF
15 Kilohms for .002 uF - 2 uF Values above 2 uF are charged with a constant current of:
60 mA for 2uF - 2000uF
416 mA for 2000 uF - 19.99 F Maximum voltage across capacitors larger than 2000 uF limited to 1.75 V.
ACCURACY: + / — 1% + /- lp F 4- /- 1 digit for values
to 1990 uF. 4-/ —5% 4 - / - .1% of range full scale for
values 2000 uF to 19.99 F. RESOLUTION AND RANGES: 1.0 pF to 19.99 F, fully
autoranged:
.1 pF —
IpF —
.00001 uF —
.0001 uF —
.001 uF —
.01 uF —
1.0 pF to
200 pF to
0.00200 uF to
0.0200 uF to
0.200 uF to
2.00 uF to
199.9 pF 1999 pF
0.01999 uF
0.1999 uF
1.999 uF
19.99 uF
6
.luF —
luF — 200 uF
10 uF —
100 uF —
.001F —
.01F — 2.00 F
20.0 uF
2,000 uF to
20,000 uF
0.200 F
to to
to to to
199.9uF 1,999 uF
19,990 uF
199,900 uF
1.999 F
19.99 F
CAPACITOR LEAKAGE
READOUT: User selectable between leakage current
and resistance. ACCURACY: + / - 5% + / -1 digit. APPLIED VOLTAGE: Keyboard entry; 1.0 to 999.9
volts in . 1 volt steps; accuracy +0 -5%. Short circuit
current limited to 900mA, power limited to 6 watts. RESOLUTION AND RANGES: .OluA to 20 mA, fully
autoranged:
.O luA —. 0.01 uA to 19.99 uA
.l uA — 20.0 uA to 199.9 uA
1 uA — 200uA to 1999uA
.01mA— 2.00 mA to 19.99 mA
CAPACITOR ESR (Test patent pending)
ACCURACY: +/ -5% + /- 1 digit. CAPACITOR RANGE: 1 uF to 19.99 F.
RESOLUTION AND RANGES: .10 ohm to 2000 ohms,
fully autoranged:
.01 ohm — 0:10 ohms to '1.99 ohms
.lohm — 2.0ohms to 19.9ohms
1 ohm — 20 ohms to 199 ohms
10 ohm — 200 ohms to 1990 ohms
CAPACITOR D/A (U.S. Patent #4,267,503)
ACCURACY: + /- 5 counts. RANGE: 1 to 100%.
CAPACITOR RANGE: .01 uF to 19.99 F.
RINGING TEST
A dynamic test of inductor quality determ ined by apply ing an exciting pulse to the inductor and counting the number of cycles the inductor rings before reaching a preset damping point. (U.S. Patent # 3,990,002) INDUCTOR RANGE: 10 uH and larger ,-non-iron core ACCURACY: -i- / — 1 count on readings between 8 and
13. RESOLUTION: + /-1 count. EXCITING PULSE: 5 volts peak; 60 Hz rate.
GENERAL
TEMPERATURE: Operating range: 32c to 104°F (0°
to 40°C) Range for specified accuracy (after 10
minute warmup): 50° to 86°F (10° to 30°C)
POWER: 105-130V AC, 60Hz, 24 watts max. with
supplied PA251 power adapter. Battery operation with optional BY234 rechargeable battery. 210-230V AC operation with optional PA252 Power Adapter.
AUTO OFF: Removes power during battery operation
if unit sits idle longer than 15-20 minutes.
BATTERY LIFE: 8 hours typical inductor testing; 7
hours typical capacitor testing. SIZE: 6” x 9” x 11.5” (15.2cm x 22.9cm. x 29.1cm) HWD WEIGHT: 6 lbs. (2.7kg) without battery, 7.6 lbs (3.4kg)
GOOD/BAD INDICATION: Functions on all tests. Re
quires user input of component type and value, or
input of desired limits.
IEEE: Requires the use of Sencore IB72 Bus Interface
Accessory..
The following interface codes apply: SHI, AH1, T8,
L4, SRO, RLO, PPO, DCO, DTC, CO. All readings are test accuracy 4-/-.1 count.
INDUCTORS (In or out of circuit)
A dynamic test of value determined by measuring the EMF produced when a changing current is applied to the coil under test. (U.S. Patent # 4,258,315) CURRENT- RATES: automatically selected
50 mA/uSec —
5 mA/uSec —
.5 mA/uSec —
50 m A/mSec —
5mA/mSec —
.5 m A/mSec —
.05 mA/mSec — 1.8H
ACCURACY: +/- 2% +/ - I digit RESOLUTION AND RANGES: .10 uH to 20 H, ful
autoranged
.01 uH — 0.10 uH
.1 uH —
1 uH —
.001 mH —
.01 mH —
.ImH —
1 mH —
.001H —
.01H —
OuH to 18 uH
18 uH
180 uH to 1.8 mH
1.8 mH : 18 mH to 180 mH
180 mH
20.0 uH 200 uH
1.000 mH
2.00 mH
20.0 mH 200 mH
1.000 H
2.00H
to 180 uH to to
to 19.99 H
to to to to to to to to to
19.99 uH
199.9 uH 999 uH
1.999 m il
19.99 mH
199.9 mH 999 mH
1.999H
19.99 H
18 mH
1.8 H
Specifications subject to change without notice
ACCESSORIES
SUPPLIED:
39G143 Test Leads 39G144 Test Lead Adapter 39G201 Test Button Hold Down Rod 64G37 Test Lead Mounting Clip PA251 AC Power Adapter/Recharger
OPTIONAL:
39G85 Touch Test Probe FC221 Field Calibrator
BY234 Rechargeable Lead Acid Battery
SCR250 SCR/Triac Tester CC254 Carrying Case CH255 Component Holder CH256 Chip Component Test Lead
IB 72 Bus Interface Accessory
PA252 220V AC Power Adapter/Recharger
7
Controls
1. COMPONENT TYPE select buttons. Use with TEST buttons (4), and COMPONENT PARAMETERS buttons (6) for component limit testing.
a. - e. capacitor type buttons - Use with other beige
color coded capacitor buttons (4a - d) and (6m - o).
f. SPARE - Provides a spare button to allow for
future component types and internal memory up dates.
g. - i. Inductor type buttons - Use with other blue
color coded inductor buttons (4e - f) and (6s - u).
2. LCD DISPLAY 2a. SHORT - Indicates that test leads, or component
connected to test leads, are shorted when LEAD ZERO OPEN button (9a) or CAPACITOR VALUE TEST button (4a) is pushed.
2b. OPEN - Indicates that test leads, or component
connected to test leads, are open when LEAD ZERO SHORT button (9b) or INDUCTOR VALUE TEST button (4e) is pushed.
2c. WAIT - Indicates internal circuits are discharg
ing after CAPACITOR LEAKAGE TEST button (4c) is released. Also indicates external voltage on test leads. All tests are locked out while WAIT indicator is on.
2d. DIGITAL READOUT - Indicates value of test
result. Last two digits are place holders and indi cate 0 on large readings. Displays error message if error condition exists.
2e. READING ANNUNCIATORS - Automatically
light to qualify the reading displayed in the DIGI
TAL READOUT (2d).
2f. GOOD - Indicates that component meets pre-de-
fined tolerances for the test selected by TEST but ton (4).
2g. BAD - Indicates that the component does not
meet the pre-defined tolerances for the test selected by TEST button (4).
3. A PPLIED VOLTAGE LCD DISPLAY - Displays the amount of leakage voltage to be applied to the TEST LEAD (10) when the CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button (4b) is pressed. Voltage is selected using COMPONENT PARAMETERS keypad (6a-l & 6r).
5. CAUTION INDICATOR LED - Blinks as a warning when leakage voltage is set to 25 volts or higher, as indicated on APPLIED VOLTAGE LCD DISPLAY (3). Voltage is only present at test leads when CAPACITOR LEAKAGE test button (4c) is depressed.
6. COMPONENT PARAMETERS keypad - Use to enter parameters for limit testing.
a-k. NUM ERIC INPUT - Use to enter numerical
value portion of parameters. Use with COMPO NENT PARAMETERS buttons (m-u).
1. CLR - Push once to clear NUMERIC INPUT entry. Push twice to clear all parameters and COMPO NENT TYPE switches (1).
m-G. CAPACITOR VALUE MULTIPLIER - Use
after NUMERIC INPUT entry (6a-k) to enter capacitor value. Push to recall entered value.
p-q. PERCENTAGE buttons - Use after
NUMERIC INPUT entry (6a-k) to enter compo nent tolerance. Push to recall entered value.
r. VOLTS - Use with NUMERIC INPUT (6a-k) to
select desired test voltage for capacitor leakage tests.
s-u. INDUCTOR VALUE MULTIPLIER - Use
after NUMERIC INPUT entry (6a-k) to enter in ductor value. Push to recall entered value.
7. PULL CHART - Provides simplified operating in structions and quick reference tables.
8. LEAKAGE Switch a. CURRENT - Selects readout of leakage current
in uA or mA when CAPACITOR LEAKAGE but ton (4c) is depressed.
b. OHMS - Selects readout of leakage in ohms when
CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button (4c) is depressed.
9. LEAD ZERO Switch
a. OPEN - Use with CAPACITOR VALUE button
(4a) and open test leads to balance out test lead capacitance.
b. SHORT - Use with INDUCTOR VALUE button
(4e) and shorted test leads to balance out test lead inductance.
4. TEST buttons a. CAPACITOR VALUE - Depress to test capacitor
value.
b. DIELECTRIC ABSORP - Depress to read per
centage of dielectric absorption.
c. CAPACITOR LEAKAGE - Depress to test
capacitor leakage after the capacitor working vol tage is entered with the COMPONENT PARAMETERS keypad (6).
d. CAPACITOR ESR - Depress to test capacitor
ESR.
e. INDUCTOR VALUE - Depress to test inductor
value.
f. INDUCTOR RINGER - Depress for ringing (qual
ity) test on coils, yokes/flybacks and switching transformers after selecting inductor type with COMPONENT TYPE switches (lg-i).
10. TEST LEAD INPUT JACK - Provides a connec
tion for attaching supplied test leads (17) or optional
CHIP COMPONENT TEST LEADS (30). Unscrew jack
for access to protection fuse.
11. POWER Switch
a. OFF - Removes power from all circuits.
b. AUTO OFF - Provides power for approximately
15 minutes after auto off circuitry is reset. Auto off is bypassed when LC77 is powered from the AC Power Adapter.
c. ON & BATT TEST - Turn unit on and reset auto
off circuitry. Remaining battery life is displayed in LCD DISPLAY (2d).
8
2 c v
WAIT
2b— OPEN
2a
-SHORT
Fig. 1 — Location of front panel controls and features.
O O O O O O S F m H m A K Q G ° 6 D
U . U . U . U . U . U .
Fig. 2 — LCD annuncia tors.
r in g s % n BAD
-------
29
Supplied Accessories
17. TEST LEADS (39G145) - Special low capacity cable with E-Z Hook® clips. Connect to TEST LEAD
INPUT (10).
18. 39G144 TEST LEAD ADAPTER (39G144) - Use to adapt TEST LEADS (17) to large, screw terminal capacitors,
19. TEST BUTTON HOLD DOWN ROD (39G201) - Use to hold CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button (4c) depre ssed when reforming capacitors.
20. TEST LEAD MOUNTING CLIP (64G37) - Use to hold Test Lead when not in use.
21. POWER ADAPTER (PA251) - Plugs into POWER
INPUT (16) to power unit from 105-130 VAC line. Also recharges the (optional) BY234 Battery when installed inside the LC77.
Fig. 4 — Supplied Accessories.
OPERATIO N
Introduction
Before you begin to use your LC77 “Auto-Z”, take a few minutes to read through the Operations and Appli cations sections of this manual and acquaint yourself with the features and capabilities of your instrument. After you have familiarized yourself with the general operation of the LC77, most tests can be performed with the information on the front panel.
AC Power Operation
For continuous bench operation the LC77 is powered from any standard 105-130V (50-60 Hz) AC line using the PA251 Power Adapter. When 220V AC operation is required, power the LC77 with the optional PA252 220 VAC Power Adapter. Connect the Power Adapter to the POWER IN JACK located on the rear of the
LC77, as shown in Figure 6. The power adapter serves as a battery charger to re
charge the (optional) BY234 battery when it is installed in the unit. The BY234 may be left installed in the LC77 at all times without danger of over charging. Connecting the Power Adapter bypasses the auto-off circuitry in the LC77 and allow continuous, uninter rupted operation.
------------------
Using an AC a dapter other than the PA251 or PA252 may cause damage to the LC77, may cause the optional b attery (if installed) to im
properly charge, or may cause measurement
errors on low values of components. Only use a Sencore PA251 or PA252 Pow er A dapter for AC operation.
To operate the LC77. from an AC line:
1. Connect the AC line cord of the power adapter to an adequate source of AC power.
2. Connect the power adapter lead to the POWER
INPUT JACK on the back of the LC77, as shown in
figure 6.
3. Push the POWER switch on the LC77 up to the ON & BATT TEST position and release. The WARNING
LED will momentarily blink to indicate it is operational
and the displays will reset and read zeros.
4. The LC77 is immediately ready for use. If precise measurements are required, allow the unit to operate
for 10 minutes to reach specified accuracy.
WARNING
------------------
Fig. 6 — Connect the PA251 to the 12 V DC input for
AC bench operation and to rechar ge the optional bat
tery.
-------:-------------
The CAUTION INDICATOR LED m ust
momentarily flash when the POWER switch
is first turned on and moved from the OFF to
the ON & BATT TEST position. Failure of the
light to flash indicates a problem with the
LED or safety circuits. DO NOT operate the LC77 in this condition, since it exposes the operator to dangerous voltages without adequate warning.
WARNING— :
............
..........
Battery Operation
The LC77 is designed to operate as a completely port
able unit with the optional BY234 rechargeable battery installed. The operation of the LC77 when it is battery powered is the same as when it is AC powered. The length of time the “Auto-Z” will operate before the bat tery needs recharging depends on several factors: 1. the test functions used; 2. temperature; 3. battery age.
Leakage tests place the heaviest current drain on the battery - greater currents result in shorter battery life
between recharging. Value tests place the least drain on the battery. For typical operation, the LC77 provides
approximately 7 hours of complete capacitor testing
(value, ESR, D/A and leakage), and 8 hours of complete
12
Notes
11
inductor testing (value and ringing). These times, of course, will vary with temperature and battery age.
As the temperature of the battery decreases, its capac
ity also decreases. The operating time between recharg ings decreases at the rate of approximately 1 hour for every 20 degrees F drop in temperature below 70°F. The BY234 battery is a sealed, lead-acid type which requires no maintenance other than recharging. As a battery ages, it will require more frequent rechargings. If used properly, the BY234 will provide several years
of service before needing replacement.
You can maximize the lifetime of the BY234 several ways: 1. Never allow the battery to deeply discharge. The LC77 has a built-in battery test and low battery shut off circuitry. Check the remaining charge period ically and recharge the battery before the low battery circuit shuts the unit off. 2. Keep the battery fully charged. The BY234 will not be harmed if it is left installed in the LC77 during AC operation. Instead, this will keep the battery fresh and ready for use and will actually lengthen its useful lifetime, 3. Recharge the battery before using it if it has sat idle for more than a couple of weeks. Lead-acid batteries normally lose some of their charge if they sit idle for a period of time.
Fig. 7 — The optional BY234 is installed in the LC77 for por table ope ration.
To install the optional BY234 Battery:
----------------
Observe these precautions when using lead- acid batteries:
X. Do not dispose of old lead-acid batteries in fire. This may cause them to burst, spraying acid
through the air.
2. Do not short the “ 4-” and “ — ” term inals to geth er. This will burn open internal connec tions, making the battery useless.
3. Do not charge 12 volt lead-acid batteries with a voltage greater than 13.8 VDC. High
charging voltage may damage the battery or cause it to explode.
4. Do not drop the battery. While lead-acid bat
teries are well sealed, they may break if dropped
or subjected to a strong mechanical shock. If the battery does break and the jelled electrolyte leaks out, neutralize the acid with baking soda and water.
5. Do not charge the battery below 0° C or above +40° C.
—WARNING.
---------
— ------
1. Open the BATTERY COMPARTMENT COVER lo cated on the rear of the unit by unscrewing the thumbscrew. Fold the cover down on its hinge.
2. Slide the battery end that does not have the connector attached into the battery compartment. (The wire should be facing out after the battery is in place.)
3. Connect the plug from the battery to the jack inside the battery compartment.
4. Close the battery compartment cover and tighten the thumbscrew to hold the door and batteries in place.
Not e: Rec harge th e BY234 overnight before usi ng it f or
the first time.
Battery Test
The LC77 has a built-in battery test feature which shows the remaining battery recharge. A reading of 100% indicates that the battery is fully charged. As the battery charge is used up, the reading will drop in 10% intervals. The low battery circuits will turn the unit off shortly after the battery test reading drops to 0%, and before the battery level drops too low for reliable operation. The LC77 never fully discharges the battery which helps extend the life of the BY234.
13
To perform the battery test:
A u to O ff
1. With a BY234 installed, move the POWER switch to the ON & BATT TEST position.
2. Read the percentage of remaining battery charge in the LCD DISPLAY, as shown in figure 8.
3. If the reading shows 0%, the unit may not operate, or operate for just a short time since the low battery circuit turns the LC77 off at this battery level.
To conserve battery charge, the LC77 contains an auto off circuit. This circuit keeps the batteries from running down if you should forget to turn the unit off, but keeps the “Auto-Z” powered up during use. The auto off circuit will shut the LC77 off after approximately 15 minutes if none of the front panel buttons have been pushed. Pushing any COMPONENT TYPE button, COMPO NENT PARAMETERS button, TEST button, or momentarily moving the POWER button to the ON & BATT TEST position will reset the auto off circuits. The auto off circuits are bypassed when the LC77 is operated from the PA251 AC Adapter/Charger.
To operate the LC77 using the optional BY234 bat tery:
1. Install the BY234 battery into the LC77 battery com partment.
NOTE: If you are using the BY234 for the first time, be sure to charge the battery before using the LC77. Though factory tested, the BY234 may not be charged when you receive it.
2. Push the POWER switch to the ON & BATT TEST position and release. The WARNING LED will momen tarily blink to indicate it is operational and the displays will reset and read zeros.
Fig, 8 — Push the Power switch to "On & Batt Test”
to r ead the remaining battery charge.
Recharging the Battery
The BY234 battery should never be allowed to remain discharged for more than a few hours, since this will shorten its lifetime. The battery must be recharged whenever the battery test reads 0%. However, you should recharge the battery more often than this to lengthen the battery’s lifetime and keep the LC77 ready for portable use at all times.
To recharge the battery, simply leave it installed inside the LC77 while the unit in connected to the PA251 AC Adapter/Charger and the Power Adapter is connected to a source of AC power. The charging time required to return the battery to 100% depends on how far it is discharged. The battery will trickle charge while the LC77 is in use and powered from the AC adapter, but it will recharge the quickest if the POWER switch is in the “OFF” position. Normally, a battery will com pletely recharge in about 8 hours with the POWER switch “OFF”.
3. The LC77 is immediately ready for use. If precise measurements are required, allow the unit to operate for 10 minutes to reach specified accuracy.
-----:---------
The CAUTION' INDICATOR LED must mom entarily flash when the POWER switch is m oved from the OFF to the ON & BATT TEST position. Failure of the light to flash indicates a problem w ith the LED or safety circuits. DO NOT operate the LC77 in this con dition, since it exposes the operator to dang er ous voltages w ithout adequate warning.
------
WARNING
---------
■■■■■
..........
Test Leads
The test leads supplied with the LC77 (39G143) are made of special, low capacity coaxial cable. Using any other cable will add extra capacity to the meter circuits, which may not be within the range of the lead zeroing circuits. Attempting to zero the leads with another, higher capacitance cable connected will cause the LCD DISPLAY to show the message error. This indicates that the value is beyond the zeroing limits of the LC77.
If the test leads ever require replacement, new leads (part # 39G143) may be ordered directly from the: SEN CORE SERVICE DEPARTMENT at 3200 Sencore Drive, Sioux Falls, SD 57107.
14
Test Lead Mounting Clip
A TEST LEAD MOUNTING CLIP (64G37) is supplied with the LC77. This clip is useful to hold the test leads out of the way when not in use, but keeps them ready and within reach at any time. The mounting clip may be attached on the top of the LC77, on the side of the handle, or wherever it is most convenient. To mount the clip, peel off the backing, place the clip in the desired location and press it firmly in place.
Fig. 10 — The 39G144 Test Lead Adapter allows large, screw-ter minal capacitors to be con nected to the LC77.
Fig. 9 — The test lead mounting clip holds the test leads out of the way, yet ready for use at anytime.
NOTE: Do not mount the TEST . LEAD MOUNT ING CLIP to the sides of th e “Auto- Z” as this will interfere
with the handle mov ement.
Test Lead Adapter
Some larger value electrolytic capacitors have screw terminals rather than the conventional wire leads or
solder terminals. To connect the LC77 to these capacitors you will need to use the supplied 39G144 TEST LEAD ADAPTER. The TEST LEAD ADAPTER converts the E-Z Hook® clips of the test leads to alligator clips which will clamp onto the large screw terminals. A mounting clip on the back of the LC77 stores the TEST LEAD ADAPTER when it is not in use.
To use the TEST LEAD ADAPTER:
1. Connect the red E-Z Hook® of the LC77 test lead to
the red TEST LEAD ADAPTER terminal.
2. Connect the black E-Z Hook® to the black adapter terminal.
3. Connect the red TEST LEAD ADAPTER lead to the “ + ” capacitor terminal, and the black lead to the terminal.
4. Test the capacitor in the usual manner.
Test Lead Fuse
A 1 amp, Slo-Blo (3AG) fuse is located in the TEST LEAD input jack on the front of the “Auto-Z”. This fuse protects the unit from accidental external voltage or current overloads. The fuse may need replacement if the following conditions exist:
BLOWN FUSE CONDITIONS:
- Display reads “OPEN” during inductor lead zeroing
- Display reads “OPEN” during inductance test
- Ringing test reads “0”
- ESR test reads “Error 7”
- No Leakage readings
- Readings do not change with test leads open or shorted Refer to the maintenance section, located at the back
of this manual for information on replacing the test lead fuse.
15
Leading Zeroing
The test leads connected to the LC77 have a certain amount of capacitance, resistance, and inductance which must be balanced out before measuring small value capacitors and inductors or before measuring
capacitor ESR. The test lead impedance should be zeroed when the LC77 is first turned on. It will remain zeroed as long as the unit is powered on. If the LC77 is battery operated and is turned off by the Auto Off circuits, however, the leads must be rezeroed.
6. Move the LEAD ZERO switch to the “Short” position, arid release when a “ — ” begins to move through the
display.
CAPACITOR-INDUCTOR ANAL’
COMPONENT TYPE
COMPONENT PARAMETERS
—IIr™
0000000
i B Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
To zero the test leads:
1. Turn the LC77 on by momentarily pushing the POWER switch to the ON & BATT TEST position.
2. Connect the test leads to the TEST LEAD INPUT
jack on the front of the “Auto-Z”.
3. Place the open test leads (with nothing connected) on the work area with the red and black test clips next
to each other, but not touching.
4. Move the LEAD ZERO switch to the “Open” position. Release when a “ — "begins to move through the display,
5. Connect the red and black test clips together.
Entering Component Data
S E N C O R E
AUTO - Z
TEST ICAO L£AD2£BO LEAKAGE
I CUKfltNT .
A WARNING: T** ic
optfra tf td by d v «n ia p«ri
oMy. i M U g * B utton 2!
• - *-• Ught
Fig. 11 — Th e impedence of the test feads is balanced out with the L EAD ZERO button.
CAPACI TOR - INDUCTOR ANALYZER
COMPONENT PARAMETERS
nu m e r i c i n p u t en t er / rec a l l
o
ALUMINUM
IYTICS
0
CEHAtffC
CAPS
0
COILS
OMPONENT TYPE
o
DOUBLE
TANTALUM
LAYER
LYTICS
YOKES &
FLYBACKS
5
0
SWITCHING XFQRME8S
[O
I ALL OTHER I CAPS
0
CAPS
SPARE
Fig. 12— Controls used for enter ing c ompo nent data.
To use the LC77 to perform the automatic Good/Bad tests explained later in this manual, you must enter data about the component under test into the LC77 “Auto-Z” (All component tests can be performed with
pF PL?
CLR
mh
PULL CHART F—
out entering component data if automatic Good/Bad test indications are not desired). The component data tells the LC77 the “ideal” parameters necessary to make the Good/Bad determination.
16
..........
mH
_______
The component data which can be entered into the LC77 includes: component type, value, tolerance and rated
working voltage for capacitors, and component type,
value, and tolerance for inductors and coils. These parameters are usually marked on the component, or
can be determined by looking the component up in a parts list or replacement guide. The Applications sec tion of this manual contains information on how to
identify capacitor and inductor types.
NOTE: All component d ata can be cleare d by pushing
the “CLR” button on the gray COMPONENT KEYPAD twice.
To Enter Component Type:
NOTE: The compo nent type swit ches t ell th e LC77 wha t
kind of component is b eing t este d.
1. Press the desired COMPONENT TYPE button. Use the beige color coded buttons when checking capacitors and the blue buttons when checking inductors.
2. A red LED indicator in the corner of the COMPO NENT TYPE button lights when that button is selected.
To Enter Component Value:
1. Enter a number, up to 3 significant digits, equal to
the value of the capacitor or inductor. (Example: “123”.
or “123000.”). Each digit will appear in the display as a key is pushed.
a. The LC77 rounds the entry down if yo u enter a
number having more tha n 3 si gnificant d igi ts (Exam
ple : “1239” bec ome s “1230”).
b. TheLC77accepts numbers up to 6places before the decimal. (Example: “10 000 0”). E ntries larger th an this reset to 0.
c. TheLC77 accepts numbers up to 5 pla ces aft er t h e
de cim al for numbers le ss than 1. (Exam ple: “0.00001”). Entries smaller than this re sult in “Erro r
2” . '
d. All unneces sary place holder dig its a re drop ped,
(Examp le: “.06 700” becomes “.067 ”).
e. Pu sh the “CLR” b utton once to clea r the va lue entry
a nd st art over.
To Enter Component Tolerance:
1. Enter a 1, or 2 or 3 digit number up to 100 which equals to the “ + ” value tolerance of the capacitor or inductor. Do not use a decimal.
2. Press the white “ + %” PERCENTAGE button.
3. Enter a 1 or 2 digit number up to 99 which equals to the value tolerance of the capacitor or inductor.
Do not use a decimal.
4. Press the white PERCENTAGE button.
5. To check the entered percentage, press the white “ -r %” or “ -%” button at any time.
SENCORE
COMPONENT TYPE
o G
G-O
G
2-
O
CAPAC ITO R- IND UC TO R ANALYZER
a
©ENCORE
COMPONENT PARAMETERS
H H Q E D ' '
□ □ □ 0 0 0 H
b
CAPACITOR • INDUCTOR ANALYZER
2. Enter the desired CAPACITOR VALUE MULTIP LIER or INDUCTOR VALUE MULTIPLIER.
a. The c apacitor value range is 1 pF to 19.9 F. The
inductor value range is .1 uH to 19.9 H. Ente ring
values beyond this ra nge causes an “E rror 2”.
b. The LC77 accepts non-convention al value n ota
tions, such as “.00001F”, 00002 uF” or “100000pF”
3. After entering the multiplier, the display momentar ily shows the entered value and multiplier before re
turning to a “0000” reading. The LC77 is now ready
for the next parameter entry.
4. To check the entered capacitor value at any time, push any beige colored CAPACITOR VALUE MULTIP LIER button. To check the entered inductor value push
any blue colored INDUCTOR VALUE MULTIPLIER
button.
5. To change an entered value parameter, repeat steps
1 & 2.
CAPACITOR - INDUCTOR ANALYZES
n n
COMPQUH
MT P AR AWTjERS
L UJ
0000
0000
□ □ □ 0
d
Fig. 13 — To enter compon ent data select the COMPO NENT TYPE switch which corresponds to the compo nent being tested (a). Next, enter the component value (b) and value tolerance (c). Finally, if te sting a
capacitor, enter the rated working voltage (d).
17
To Enter Leakage Voltage:
1. Enter the desired voltage from 1 to 999.9 using the gray keys on the NUMERIC INPUT keypad, A decimal, followed by one digit may be entered, but is not neces sary.
2. Push the white “V” key to enter the voltage. The voltage will appear in the APPLIED VOLTAGE LCD DISPLAY. For values greater than 25 volts the red CAUTION INDICATOR LED will blink.
NOTE: The voltage is appl ied to the component Test Leads when the CAPACITOR LE A K AG E test butt on is pus hed.
3. To enter a different voltage, repeat steps 1 & 2.
Error Codes
Error 3 - Entered Value Beyond Range Of Test - The component parameter entered via the keypad or IEEE is beyond the limits of the automatic good/bad test. The component may still be able to be tested, but not for a good/bad indication.
Possible causes:
1. Performing an ESR test with a capacitor value of less than 1 uF entered.
2. Performing a D/A test with a capacitor value of less than .01 uF entered.
3. Performing an INDUCTOR RINGER test with an inductor value of less than 10 uH entered.
E rror 4 - Value Beyond Zeroing Limit - The amount of inductance or capacitance at the TEST LEAD INPUT is beyond the range of the zeroing circuits. An open (greater than 20 Kilohms) or shorted (less than 1 ohm) test lead will cause the “OPEN” or “SHORT” annun ciator to come on, rather than produce an “Error 4”.
Several error conditions may occur while using the LC77 which cause an error message to appear in the LCD display. These are usually caused by small errors
in the operation of the LC77, although severely defec tive components may also cause certain error condi tions. The error conditions are explained below.
E rror 1 - Component Type Selection E rro r - This error occurs when a component test is attempted, and either an incorrect COMPONENT TYPE switch is selected for the test, or no COMPONENT TYPE switch is selected when required.
Possible causes:
1. Performing a capacitor test with an inductor COMPONENT TYPE
switch selected.
2. Performing an inductor test with a capacitor COMPONENT TYPE
switch selected.
3. Performing the INDUCTOR RINGER test without an inductor
COMPONENT TYPE switch selected.
4. Performing any component test with the “Spare” capacitor COM
PONENT TYPE button selected.
Error 2 - Entered Value Beyond Range of Unit -
The component parameter entered via the keypad or
IEEE is beyond the measuring range of the LC77.
Possible causes:
1. The capacitance at the TEST LEAD INPUT is greater than 1800 pF.
2. The inductance at the TEST LEAD INPUT is greater than 18 uH.
8. The resistance at the TEST LEAD INPUT is greater than 1 ohm.
Error 5 - ‘No Voltage E ntered - This error occurs when the CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button is pushed and no test voltage has been entered.
Error 6 - Invalid IEEE Command - An improper command was sent to the LC77 via the IEEE bus.
Possible causes:
1. Sending a command that is not recognized by the LC77.
2. Wrong command syntax.
NOTE: Ref er to the IEEE 488 Bu s Ope ration sec t i on of this manu al for infor mation on usi ng the “Auto-Z” with
IEEE contr ol.
E rror 7 - Component Out Of Test R ange - The com ponent under test exceeds the limits of the test which was attempted.
Possible causes:
Possible causes:
1. Entering a capacitance value greater than 19.9 Farads, or less
th an 1 picofarad.
2. Entering an inductance value greater than 19,9 Henrys, or less
th an .1 microhenrys.
3. Entering a leakage voltage greater than 999.9 volts.
4. Entering a tolerance percentage greater than 4-100%, or less than
- 99%. ,
5. Entering a tolerance percentage that includes a decimal.
NOTE: E ntering a leakag e voltage les s t han 1 volt wi ll
set th e leakag e supply to 0 volts.
1. Measuring ESR of a capacitor having a value less than 1 uF.
2. Measuring capacitance value on an extremely leaky capacitor.
3. Attempting a capacitor value test with 1 ohm to 2 Megohms of
resistance connected across test leads.
18
Capacitor Testing
S E N C O R E AU TO -Z
n n n n
U.U.U.U. m% n
NUMERIC INPUT ENTER / RECALL
(MODEL LC 77
Fig. 14— Controls used for capacitor p arameter tests.
CAPACIT OR - INDUCTOR ANALYZER
COMPONENT PARAMETERS
CLR
LEAKAGE
CURRENT
OHMS
PULL CHART
TEST
The LC77 “Auto-Z” checks capacitors for value from
1.0 pF to 20 Farads in 12 automatically selected ranges. The automatic features of the LC77 “Auto-Z” allow you to perform two levels of automated capacitor testing: basic parameter testing, and automatic good/bad test ing. For basic parameter testing, you simply connect the component to the test leads and push the test button. The LC77 measures the capacitor and displays the test result. You must look up the values of leakage, ESR and dielectric absorption in a table to determine if the capacitor is good or bad.
For automatic good/bad testing, you first enter the parameters of the capacitor before performing the test. Then the LC77 will display the test results alofig with
a good/bad indication of the capacitor. Only selected parameters need to be entered into the LC77, depending upon which tests you desire a good/bad readout for.
Capacitance M easurement Accuracy
The LC77 measures the RC charge time as the capacitor
is charged through a precision resistor. This gives the
most accurate measurement of true capacity available.
Capacity values measured with the “Auto-Z” may or may not exactly match readings on other instruments
which use a different measuring technique. Bridges, for example, measure capacitive reactance using an AC
signal. Capacitive reactance changes with frequency. Therefore, two bridges operating at different frequen
cies will give different capacity readings.
Electrolytic capacitors may normally read up to 50% higher than their marked value when measured with the LC77. This is because electrolytics are marked ac
cording to their value as measured on an AC-type im
pedance bridge. The value of an electrolytic changes
greatly with the measurement frequency. This should cause no problem in determining if an electrolytic capacitor is good or bad, since most electrolytic capacitors have up to 80% value. The capacitor should read close to its marked value, or within tolerance when checked with the LC77. In addition, electrolytics most commonly fail due to leakage, dielectric absorption, or ESR. When an electrolytic does change value, the value drops far below the marked value.
The LC77 “Auto-Z” is designed to measure capacitors out of circuit. Impedances found in the circuit will upset the “Auto-Z” readings. Capacitors can not be checked in circuit accurately or reliably with any test method. Capacitors in circuit however, may be tested by unsol dering one lead from the circuit. When doing this, be sure to remove power from the circuit. If the unit is AC
powered, unplug the AC line cord. Whenever possible,
remove the capacitor completely from the circuit to test it.
19
WARNING
Measuring Capacitor Value
When checking capacitors, remove the capacitor from circuit if possible. Otherwise, make sure the power is removed from the cir cuit and the AC line cord to the unit contain ing the capacitor is unplugged. Always con nect the capacitor to the LC77 test leads be fore depressing the CAPACITANCE VALUE test button.
_______
___
_____
Measuring Small Capacitance
Values In Noisy Environments
The sensitive “Auto-Z” measuring circuits may be af fected by large, outside signals (such as the AC fields
radiated by some lights and power transformers) when
small capacitance values are being measured. Special
circuits in the LC77 help minimize noise pickup and
stabilize the readings.
Measurements of small value capacitors in noisy envi
ronments may be further improved by grounding the
LC77 case to earth ground. When possible, power the
LC77 with the PA251 AC Adapter/Charger connected
to a properly grounded AC outlet. The PA251 Adapter/
Charger maintains the third wire ground shield and
keeps the noise away from the measuring circuits inside the “Auto-Z”.
To Measure Capacitor Value:
1. Zero the test leads, as explained on page 16.
2. Connect the capacitor to the test leads. If the capacitor is polarized, be sure to connect the black test clip to the terminal of the capacitor and the red test clip to the “ + ” capacitor terminal.
3. Depress the CAPACITOR VALUE button.
4. Read the value of the capacitor in the LCD DISPLAY.
NOTE : Th e “SHORT” annunciator appearing in t he LCD di splay when the CAPACIT OR VALUE butt on is
depressed indicates a res istance of 1 ohm. or less at the test leads. Check t he test leads. If they are no t s horted, the capacitor is bad.
Some capacitors will cause the display to read “Error
7”. These capacitors have too much leakage current to allow the LC77 to make a value check and should be considered bad.
Capacitor Parameter Testing
The LC77 checks capacitors for capacitance value, leak age, dielectric absorption and Equivalent Series Resis tance (ESR). These tests are made directly using the beige colored TEST buttons. Simply connect the compo nent to the test leads, push the desired TEST button, and read the test result in the LCD display. You can determine if the component is good or bad by comparing
the measured ESR and leakage values to the standard
values listed in the tables in this manual and on the Pull Chart underneath the LC77.
NOTE: Except for the cap acitor lea kage te st, no compo
nent parameters need to be enter ed to perf orm any capa citor para meter test. I f any blue Inductor COMPO
NENT TYPE butto n is select ed, error code “Error 1”
w ill appear in the LCD readout when you atte mp t to make a capacitor test . Push the “CLR" key on the gray
NU MERIC KEYPAD twice to clear any p arameter s.
The following procedures provide all the necessary in
formation required to perform the capacitor parameter tests. A more detailed description of each of the capacitor tests and failure modes can be found in the Applications section of this manual.
Fig. 15 — To measure capacita nce, connect the
capacit or to the te st ieads and push the CAPACITOR
VALUE button. The amount of capacity appears in the LCD display.
Measuring Capacitor Dielectric Absorption
Dielectric Absorption is often called “battery action” or “capacitor memory” and is the inability of the capacitor to completely discharge. While all capacitors have some minute amounts of dielectric absorption, electrolytics may often develop excessive amounts which affect the operation of the circuit they are used in.
20
To check a capacitor for dielectric absorption, press the
DIELECTRIC ABSORPTION button and compare the
value to the chart. A fully automatic good/bad test may
also be used to test for dielectric absorption. This test is explained in a later section.
charts. The capacitor is good if the measured leakage is be low the amount shown in the chart. A fully automa tic good/bad test may also be used to check capacitors for leakage. This test is explained in a later section.
To measure capacitor dielectric absorption:
1. Connect the capacitor to the test leads. If the capacitor is polarized, connect the red test clip to the “ + ” capacitor terminal and the black test clip to the
terminal.
2. Depress the DIELECTRIC ABSORPTION button. A
will appear and slowly move through the display
indicating that the test is in progress.
3. Read the percentage of dielectric absorption on the display.
4. Compare the measured D/A to the amount listed in
Table 1 for the capacitor type you are testing to deter
mine if the capacitor is good or bad.
NO TE: Depending on the capacitor’s value, type and
actual D/A, the LC 77 may, in a few cases, take up to 10
seco nds to displa y a reading.
Maximum Allowable Percent Of D/A
Capacitor type Maximum % of D/A Double Layer Lytic Meaningless. D/A may normally
be very high.
Aluminum Lytic
Tantalum Lytic 15%
15%
CAPA CIT OR- IND UCT OR ANALYZER
COMPONENT PARAMETERS
“ i
1
5
9 0
2
=5'l
7 j
6
" I
H M I f I ”
— . — —
i.. H *>; \ loicu-ci’wc
j[ | I 1! li Trr —
MH mw fl
CLR I
A WARNING. .
op ei a tv d b y s * e ef tn f
1000 vofts id imnJs wftev.
Bo not capaeiim ut
i&a kage t«st.
tAPAC-iTO*
Pr&ssmg leakage to-
rj
D
1
Fig. 16— To test capacitor leakage, enter the working voltage of the capacitor.
To measure capacitor leakage:
1. Connect the capacitor to the test leads. If the capacitor is polarized, connect the red test clip to the “ + ’’ capacitor terminal and the black test clip to the
terminal.
2. Set the LEAKAGE switch to the “Current” position to read the leakage of the capacitor in uA or mA.
i
Ceramic
All others
Refer to the Applications section of this manual for capacitor type identification.
Table 1— Maximum amounts of Dielectric Absorption.
10%
0%
Measuring Capacitor Leakage (In microamps)
Capacitor leakage occurs when some of the voltage from one plate flows (leaks) through the dielectric to the other plate. The amount of leakage current through the dielectric depends on the voltage applied across the plates. For this reason, always check a capacitor for leakage at (or as close as possible to) its rated voltage. Voltages up to 999.9 volts may by applied with the LC77.
To check capacitors for leakage, enter the working vol tage of the capacitor and press the CAPACITOR LEAK AGE button. Compare the measured leakage current to the maximum allowable amounts in the leakage
3. Enter the normal working voltage of the capacitor as explained earlier in the section “Entering Compo nent Parameters” on page 16.
-----------
-------
WARNING
-------------------
The LC77 is designed to be operated by a tech nically trained person who understands the shock hazard of up to 1000 volts applied to the test leads during the capacitor leakage test. DO NOT hold the capacitor in your hand, or touch the test leads or capacitor leads when making the leakage test.
4. Depress the CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button and
read the amount of leakage in the LCD display.
5. Compare the measured leakage to the maximum allowable amount listed in the Leakage Charts on pages 23 and 24 for the type, value, and voltage rating of the capacitor you are testing.
NOTE: By enter ing the Com ponent Type and Value
p aramet ers for th e capac itor, the LC77 will a utomati
call y display the measured leakage along wi th the same
good!h ad indic atio n as the L eakage Charts.
21
Voltage will be applied to the capacitor as long as the
CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button remains depressed,
and the leakage readings will decrease as the capacitor continues to charge. Some capacitors may take a few seconds to charge up to the applied voltage and may cause the display to overrange with a flashing “88.88 mA” display. Continue to depress the CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button until the leakage reading drops below the maximum allowable amount listed in the Leakage Chart.
When the CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button is released, the LC77 discharges the capacitor through a low value, high wattage resistor. The LC77 contains safety circuits which sense the voltage across the test leads. Therefore, when you release the CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button after checking a large value capacitor, or after applying a high leakage voltage, the display may show “Wait -
- - until the voltage is gone from the test leads. All data input and test buttons will be locked out until the display returns to “0000”.
LEAKAGE IN PAPER, MICA AND FILM CAPACITORS
Paper, mica and film capacitors should have extremely small amounts of leakage. Measuring any leakage when checking these types of capacitors indicates a bad component. The leakage reading may take 1-2 seconds
to show an accurate display while the capacitor charges,
LEAKAGE IN CERAMIC CAPACITORS
Leakage in ceramic capacitors is generally very low. Ceramic disc capacitors, however, may have small amounts of normal leakage. Ceramic disc capacitors
with voltage ratings above 50 WVDC should have less than 1 uA of leakage. Some discs with working voltages less than 50 WVDC may have a lower insulation resis tance, and therefore may show somewhat more leakage, depending upon manufacturer. In general, a 10 WVDC ceramic disc capacitor may show as much as 16 uA of leakage, and 25 WVDC ceramic disc may read up to
2.5 uA of leakage and still be considered good.
LEAKAGE IN ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTICS
Because of their larger value and higher leakage
characteristics, aluminum electrolytic capacitors may take several seconds to charge. The LC77 display may overrange (flashing 88.88 mA display) indicating the
charging current is greater than 20 mA while the
capacitor is charging. Table 2 shows the approximate time that you can expect the LC77 to overrange for a given capacitor value and applied voltage. After the LC77 stops overranging, the current will drop in prog ressively smaller steps as the capacitor charges. When the cap is fully charged, the leakage readings will change just a few digits up or down. You do not need to wait until an electrolytic capacitor is fully charged to determine if it is good. Simply keep the CAPACITOR LEAKAGE button depressed until the leakage reading falls below the maximum amount shown in the Leakage Charts.
Capacity (uF)
Table 2 — Meter Overrange time versus capacitor
valu e and applied voltage.
LEAKAGE IN TANTALUM ELECTROLYTICS
Tantalum electrolytic capacitors have much lower leak age than aluminum electrolytics of the same size and voltage rating. Therefore, tantalum lytics will give a leakage reading in a much shorter time than an aluminum lytic - typically within 2 to 5 seconds. Com pare the measured leakage with the amounts shown in the leakage charts to determine if the capacitor is good or bad.
LEAKAGE IN NON POLARIZED ELECTROLYTICS
Electrolytic capacitors which are non-pol arized should be checked for leakage in both directions. This requires that you measure leakage twice, reversing the LC77 test lead connections for the second test. The maximum
allowable leakage for a non-polarized electrolytic in either direction is twice that of a similar polarized elec
trolytic of similar capacitance value and voltage rating.
Leakage charts
The following leakage charts list the maximum amount of allowable leakage for the most common aluminum electrolytics and dipped soiled tantalum capacitors. These charts are also duplicated on the pull chart below the LC77. Good capacitors (as far as leakage is con
cerned) will measure lower than the amounts shown in the Leakage Charts. When measuring leakage, you do not need to wait for the readings to drop to zero or to its lowest point. The capacitor is good for any leakage reading which is lower than the amount shown in the chart.
Leakage values shown in Table 3 for aluminum elec trolytic capacitors are the worst-case conditions, as
specified by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard RS-395. The values are determined by the formulas: L = 0.05 x CV (for CV products less than
1000) or L= 6 x square root of CV (for CV products
greater than 1000. (The CV product is equal to the
capacitance value multiplied by the voltage rating).
The tantalum capacitor leakage values listed in Table 4 are for the most common type of tantalum capacitors — dipped solid, type 3.3. These values are specified by EIA standard RS-228B, following the formula: L = 0.35
Maximu m Allowable Leakage (in Micro amps)
Standard Aluminum Electroiytic Capacitors
Capacity
in uF
1.5 V 3.GV 6.0V | 10V
1.0
1.5
2.2
3.3
4.7
6.8 10
15 5 5
22 33 47 68
100
150
220 330
470
680 192 271 383
1000 1500 2200 3300
4700 5Q 4
6800 10000 15000 22000 33000 47000
560C -:' 1739
68000
1000C0 1 2324
15000. 23-3
220 0CC ! 3 ^ 7
5 5 j 5 5 5 [ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5
5
5 10 I 20
8 15
11 17 33
25 35
V
232 285 *02
•345 422 697
606 735 1039
900 1C30 • 1541 1335 1593
|
1916'
5 5 5 5 5
5 ; 5
5
7
23
50
: 225
329 . :465 600 735 849 345
487 689
V2 1008
£57 12 >2 1565
■c?3
18 33 2570 2253
2459, 3*76 4490 5499 6350
2'< 0 3256 4648 £C25 437-
5 | 5
5 5 5 5 I 5 fi 5 | 8
7 10 14
J
30 45
218 281 267
319
569
:• : 844
1470
1300
2
j 30
3185
3B32
5592 6333
\#
5 5
5
11
•17 25 33 41 24 34
50 232
232 205 329
345 422 411 495
735
890 10 9C 1259 '.090 1301 ' '1593 1840
189“ 2324 2814 3447 4:13
494 S 6060 6997 7823 9256
eooc
7346 9000 3899
20V
15 V
5
5
5
5
5
5 5 5 5 7 9
10 13
ll
15 19
17
22 28
35 47 235
22'
192
268 330
345 398 44 5
457
504 552 65 3
606 703 782
S3C 1039
'335 1541
2212
1916 2324
2583
2S46
3286
3447
3980 4574
422 1 5C 33
5617 6504 . 7695 ,L 9198
8485 .9487
7345
25 V 35V
247
357
545
’ ■63 1407 1723 2039 2437 2057 2434 24-4 3000 3674 4450 5450
7039
x square root of CV. In a few applications outside of
consumer service, tantalum capacitors other than type
3.3 may be encountered. Refer to the manufacturers’ specifications for the maximum allowable leakage for these special capacitor types.
50V 100 V
5 5 5 5 5 j 8 5 5 e l 11 | 22 5 6 e
8 12 12 18 25 26 38 39 199
234 244 243 231 4-1 ?S3 350 355 424 435 526 529 645 770 920
925 <122 1375 ■643 2324 1665 1990
2927 3550
4347 5255 S293 6448
.. 8400
5
8 j 17 33
17
520
7 7"!
■.*06 1342
2903 41-3 3499
4243
5195
7707
i
j
1
\
|
200V 300V
5
23 34 22* . 271 50
2G8 232 32 3 402 281 338
.157
345
582 712
495
70Q
600
849 . :. 1039; • 1200
735
1033 ■ 1273
aso
1259 .1541 1780
^030 154 1 1888
1 34-3
isc:
155 5
2213 2710 3129
1357
2683 3236 4025
2814
398-3 4874
3447
5517 R937
4943 S G3C
643 5
7348
B899
j .
10 15
47
400V
20 25
15 23 30 38
44
33
5C .. 213 244
225
329
437
: 597
857.
2253
3236 3795
4374
5S7 0 6S93 7125
■'8570.
260
■ 313.
■ ■ 379 ■ 465
• 563 689 823
, 990 1106 ■ 1212
1470
t
2180 2602
4648 5628
8227
■ 9895
500V 600V
.....
19 9
291 ■ 319: 411 350 ■383. 424
' 520 563
629
' 771 ■ -844
• 920
■ 13 42 1643
'
1990
~ 2437
2909
3499 4243; 519 6 .. 5692
6293- 6893
7707
9198
I
...
1000V
30 50 45
232
218
- . 281
267.
345
• 495
465
600
689
890
1090
-cos
1301
• .. 1565 1470 1897 1800
2324
2180
2814 2670 3447 3186 4113 3332
4948 4648
. 6000
. . 7348
■ 8899
.8443
i
735
:
NOTE: No industry stand ards are available for component va lues in the shaded areas. These values have been
extrapolated from existing st anda rds and manufactur er s data. Ail vaiues not sh ade d are based on existing EIA
industry stand ar ds.
Table 3 — Maximum allowable leakage for aluminum e lectrolytics per EIA standards.
23
Dippe d Solid Tantalum Capacitors
Capacity 1,5V
1.0
1.5
2.2
3.3 4,7
6.8 10 15 22
33
47 68
100 150
220
330 470
680 1000 1 SCO
2200 3300 4700 6800
1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 1,0 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0
1.6
2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 3,0
2.8 2.8
3.4 3.4 3.4 5.0 7.5
4.0
5.0 5.0 5.0
10 10 10
15 15 15
20 20 20 20
24 24
29 29
35 35 35 43 43 43 43 53 52 52 52 52 64 64
76 76 76
91
1000 0 111- 111
15000
. 136
22000
33000
47000 240
g
o
100000
150000
200000
164 201 201 201
289 350
■V: .V 429
■ 495 495
3,0V 6.0V
1.0 1.0
1.6
4.0
20
64
91
.V-' 111
136
• 164
240 ' 240 239
'. 350
■ 429
10V
1.6 2.0 2.5
2.6 3.0 5.0
4.0 10 10 . 15
20 20 25
24 24
29 29 35
64
91 91
r i
136
136
164 134 201
20 1 246
240 289 350
259 353
350 429 429 425 535 606 573 5 G2 495 495
Maximum Allowable Leakage (in Microamps)
15V
1,0
1.0
1.0
1,0
1.0
1,5 2.0 2.6 2.5
15
15 20
20
20
20 20
29
.' 41
35
43
64
78
76
93
' M
-36 166 192 214 254 303
294
605
25V 35V 50V
20V
1,0 1.0 1.0
1.4
1.0
1.0 1,8 1.2 2.0 5.2 7.3
1.5 2.2 2.0 3,0
2.5
3.0
3.0 4.0
7.0 5.0
4.0
9.5 10 10 12
■ 15 10 11 15 15 16 20 15 17 20 20- 19 21 23 26 31 28 32 38 34
46
49 55 65
61 68
73 82
90
W
’.G7
120 1- 12 170
144 171 204
129 157 175
1.0 2.0
3.0 6.5
5.0
17 21 25
25 30
45 54
38
54
80 96
97
■ 19 142
2C 7
100 V 20 0V 300V
1.0 3.5 4.9 6.1 4,3
6.4
3.5
7.6 11 13
9. 1 13
7.8
9.6
65 78
11 | -16 14 19 23
. 16 23
14
20 28
17
24 34 29 35 49 43 61
37
52
45
54 90 1 1C 127 76 91
111 133 192 154 23 2
r e
2C1 28 4 24 C 339 239
247
35 C 42S
■73
307 367
449
537
763 1107 959
11 CO
513 635 753 1073
1356 157C
252 25C
31S 375 450
284 339
455 540 645 913 1291
408
553 655
495
734 78 3 S71
■- 734
; ^ 1565
400V
7.4
6.1
9.0 10
9.0
11 13
16 18 19 22 25
28 33 35 40 42 48
41 50 58
61 70 74 86
73 90
500 V
7.0 7.8 '9.6 11 14
8.6
' 12 13 16
15 17
.27
104
;: i16
14
20
30 37 45 54 65
78
96
-,-;■ 127
600V 1000V
8.6
16 20 19 24 22 27 33 43 40 52 49 64 59 76 71 91 86 111
105 136
■v. 164
142 156 201
107 131 152 170. 1 8 6 24 0
;;V - 224
■29 158 183 '57
' 19 2 221
' '235
284
.348
416 480 500
408
606-
435
742
605
£99
839 11C1
:2'4 ' 1518 15 S" 19-7 234 3
1917
271 0 3130
2210
271 328 402
577 700 • 783
857 •. 959 1038 1272 1422
1825
2214 2475 J27--1 3031 3320
204
V 247 : r- ” ; 303
367
271 350 332 429 402 519
• .450 •4 92
■ 537
■•645
583 75S
- 707
• 913
. 357 1107
1050. . . 1356
. . :1161' 1272 1642
1557
. ' 2011
1697
' 1859
' 23S 3
.•'2041. 2236
2711
■ 3500
3500
3830
; 51 91
11
29 35
289
636
2886
4287
NOTE: No i n du s t ry standa r ds a re availab l e for com p onen t val u es in th e shad ed ar eas . These valu e s h a v e b een extra pola t ed from existing standards
an d ma nufa c t urer s da t a . All values not sh aded ar e based on existing EIA ind u st r y st anda r ds.
Table 4 — Maximum allowable leakage for solid tantalum electrolytics per EIA sta ndards.
Measuring Capacitor Leakage (In Ohms)
Yet, as far as the circuit is concerned, the DC loading is the same.
The LC77 uses a regulated DC power supply to provide
At times it is useful to know the amount of capacitor leakage in terms of resistance. For example, it is often easier to visualize what effect a 1 Megohm resistor will have on a high impedance circuit than it is to translate to effect of a capacitor having 1 microamp of leakage.
voltages for checking capacitor leakage. Because a DC voltage is used, the leakage currents can easily be con verted to a resistance. Placing the front panel LEAK AGE switch in the “Ohms” position allows the LC77 to display leakage current in ohms.
24
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