Seiko G1216B1N000-3D0E User Manual

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY MODULE

G 1 2 1 6 B 1 N 0 0 0

USER’S MANUAL

Seiko Instruments Inc.

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

This manual provides technical information covering functions and operational
instructions for the G1216 liquid crystal display modules made by Seiko
Instruments Inc. Pleas e read throu gh this m anual bef ore oper ating the product.
Distribution of this manual to third parties for a n y purpose other than operat io n of
the product is prohib ited. The descrip tions herein are s ubject to cha nge without
prior notice.

Version

1 Original December 1993

Copyright

Printed in Japan

1993 by Seiko Instruments Inc.



Revision Record

Revision Date

- i -

CONTENTS

1. GENERAL

1.1 General..................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Features.................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Absolute Maximum Ratings (excluding LED backlight)............................ 2

1.4 Mechanical Characteristics....................................................................... 2

1.5 Electrical Characteristics (excluding LED backlight) ............................... 2

1.6 Optical Characteristics.............................................................................. 3

1.7 LC Panel Life Time................................................................................... 4

1.8 LED Backlight Characteristics .................................................................. 4

1.9 Dimensions............................................................................................... 6

2. CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

2.1 Block Diagram .......................................................................................... 7

2.2 Segment Drivers (HD61202).................................................................... 7

2.3 Common Driver (HD61203)...................................................................... 13

2.4 Bias Vo lta ge Ge nerat or ............................................................................ 13

3. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

3.1 Terminal Functions................................................................................... 14

3.2 Timing Characteristics.............................................................................. 15

3.3 Reset Function ......................................................................................... 16

3.4 Instructions ............................................................................................... 17

3.5 Contrast Adjustment and Power Supply Example ................................... 21

3.6 LED Backlight Driver Example ................................................................. 21

3.7 MPU Con necti on Dia gram........................................................................ 23

4. PRECAUTIONS................................................................................................... 24

INDEX

- ii -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

GENERAL

1.

1.1 General
The G1216 is a very thin LCD module on whic h a f ul l-dot matrix LCD panel and a CMOS IC driver are

integrated. The LCD panel used here featur es wide viewing angle and high contr ast. This full dot
configuration allo ws a wide variet y of patterns to be disp layed depending u pon the input data. The
display position is the intersection point of the matrix transparent electrodes. This prevents displa y
distortion and displacem ent. Incorporating a display RAM and a disp lay timing signal generator into
the G1216 allows for direct connection with the MPU circuit without using an LCD controller.

1.2 Features



12864 full dot matrix configuration



1/64 duty, 1/9 bias



Two 4096-bit internal display data RAMs



An internal display timing signal generator



8-bit parallel interfac e



Instructions:
Display Data Read/Write, Display ON/OFF, Display Start Line, X-Address (Page) Set, Y- Address
Set, and Status Read.



Three types of power supply: VDD= +5 V, VLC , LEDA (LED anode)



Transflective, gray mode



Positive display
Display data “H”: Display ON: blue display color
Display data “L”: Display OFF: gray background



A wide operating temperature rang e



A built-in LED backlight (color: yellow-green)

- 1 -

1.3 Absolute Maximum Ratings (excluding LED backlight)

Item Symbol Conditions Min. Max. Unit

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

Vss = 0 V

Power supply

voltage

Input voltage

Operating

temperature

Storage

temperature

Storage

humidity

V

DD

V

LC

V

IN

T

opr

T

stg




Ta = 25C

5010%RH

65%RH





48 hrs



1000 hrs



1.4 Mechanical Characteristics

Item Standard

Dot configuration 12864 dot
Module dimensions ( H  V  T ) [ mm ] 75.0 52.7  8.9
Viewing area ( H  V ) [ mm ] 60.0 32.5
Active display area ( H  V ) [ mm ] 55.01 27.49
Dot dimensions ( H  V ) [ mm ] 0.4  0.4
Dot pitch ( H  V ) [ mm ] 0.43  0.43
Weight [ g ] 45 max.

H : Horizontal V : Vertical T : Thickness (max.)

V

-

DD

-0.3

-20

-30

+20
+20

0.3

-19.0

V

V

7.0

DD

DD

+70
+80

+85
+65

+ 0.3

+ 0.3

V
V

V

C



C



%RH
%RH

1.5 Electrical Characteristics (excluding LED backlight)

V

= 5 V5%, VSS = 0 V, Ta = -20C to +70C

DD

Item Symbol UnitMin. Typ. Max.

Input

voltage

Input

voltage

Output

voltage

Power supply voltage

Current

consumption

Frame fr equency

1

Applied to RST.

2

Applied to DB0 to DB7, E, R/W, D/I, CS1 and CS2.

3

Applied to DB0 to DB7.

4

Display patterns: checkered patterns.

High

1

Low
High

2

Low
High

3

Low

4

V

V
V
V
V
V
V
V

f

IHC

ILC

IHT

ILT

OH

DD

I

DD

I

LC

FRM

OL

LC

Conditions






=- 205 A

I

OH

= 1.6 mA

I

OL




=5 V, Ta = 25C

V

DD

= 8.0

V

LC



0.7
0

2.0
0

2.4



4.75

-12.0





V

DD








5.00

-8.0

2.0

1.8

71.4

V

0.3V
V

0.8



0.4

5.25

-3.0

3.0

3.0



DD

DD

DD

V
V
V
V
V
V
V

V
mA
mA

H

Z

- 2 -

1.6 Optical Characteristics

Vopr=14.0 V

Vopr=13.0 V

off

Vopr=13.0 V

1

θ2θ

θ2θ

θ

∅

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

1/64 duty, 1/9 bias, f

= 71.4 Hz, Vopr = VDD -VLC , LED backlight: OFF

FRM

Item Sym. Conditions RemarkMin.Temp. Typ. Max.



15
30



50
70

Viewing angle

θ
θ

θ2-θ

θ
θ

θ2-θ

1
2

1
1
2

C ≥ 2.0
∅ = 0°
Vopr=13.0 V

C ≥ 2.0
∅ = 270°
Vopr=13.0 V

25°C

25°C

θ = 0°

Contrast

Response time

∅ = 0°

t
t
t

θ = 0°

on

∅ = 0°

off

θ = 0°

on

∅ = 0°

t

25°CC

25°C

-20°C






2300

Measuring instrument : Canon illuminometer LC-3S

Note 1: Definition of angle θ and

Note 2: Definition of viewing angles θ 1

and θ 2








40
100
630

-15




-20




3.52.5

100

200
1000
3500

Unit

Degree



ms

Refer to notes

1 and 2

Note 3

Note 4

Light
(reflective LCD)

Y’(∅=180°)

X’

Z (θ=0°)

Z’

Sensor

Cmax.

Contrast C

1

2.0

LCD panel

X (∅=90°)

1

∅

Y (∅=0°)
(θ=90°)

Remark: The optimum viewing angle by visual

inspection and angle θ at Cmax do

Viewing angle

not always match.

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

t

t

Selected status

Non-selected status

°

C

−

30 to +80

T

stg

Storage temp. range

−

Note 3: Definition of contrast (C)

C =

Brightness
(reflection)

Brightness of non-selected dot (reflection) B
Brightness of selected dot (reflection) B1

(%)

0

Operating
voltage(V)

1.7 LC panel life time

Item Unit

Note 4: Definition of response time

V

100%

opr

1/f

FRM

(display ON)

90%

on

(display OFF)

10%

off

(V)

2

Brightness for selected

B

2

B

1

dot

Brightness
curve for non­selected dot

Non-selected
status

Light

Brightness

Dark

V

: Operating voltage ton: Response time (rise)

opr

f

: Frame frequency tof: Response time (fall)

FRM

Note: Measurement must be made using a transmissive LCD panel.

Conditions Standard

Life time

1

Definition of life time: the time up to occurrence of any of the following:

Contrast reduces to 30% of the initial value.

ž

Current consumption becomes three times the initial value.

ž

Orientation deteriorates significantly.

ž

The display malfunctions.

ž

1

25°C±10°C
<65%RH

1.8 LED backlight characteristics
(1) Absolute maximum ratings

Item Symbol Standard Unit

DC forward current

DC reverse voltage

Allowable dissipation

Operating temp. range

I

F

V

R

P

D

T

opr

200*

8

860

20 to +70

−

mA

V

mW

C

°

* Forward current reduction characteristics: The absolute maximum rating of the forward current

varies depending on ambient temperature.

hrs100,000 or more

IF ( mA )

200

50

20

70

Ta (°C)25

(2) Electrical and optical characteristics

1

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

Ta = 25°C

Item

Forward voltage
Reverse current

Symbol

V

F

I

R

Meas. condition Max.Typ.Min. Unit

IF=90 mA

VR=8 V

(3) LED backlight connection diagram

(4) Brightness (panel upper side)

Item

Surface brightness

(Center of LCD panel)

Symbol

B

P

Measurement conditions and a measuring instrument are:

Ta=25°C±3°C

ž

30 to 85%RH

ž

IF= 90 mA

ž

f

=71.4 Hz

ž

FRM

VLC: Optimum LC drive voltage

ž

Display OFF (Entire display data=“L”)

ž

Measured 30 minutes after LED lights

ž

Measuring instrument: BM - 7 (TOPCON)

ž

3.8



4.1



4.4

0.9

V

mA

LEDA

Number of LED
chips=20

LEDC

Max.Typ.Min. Unit

2.01.0



nit

(5) Life time

Item Measurement conditions Standard Unit

Life time

1

Ta=25°C±10°C
IF=90 mA

hrs50,000 or more

Definition of life time: The time until the brightness decreases to one half the initial

brightness.

1.9 Dimensions

1

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

Unit: mm

General dimensional tolerance:±0.5

I/O terminal functions

Sym.No.

V

1

V

2

V

3

DB

4

DB

5

DB

6

DB

7

DB

8

DB

9

10

F

DB

is connected to the metallic frame of the module. Use this frame when grounding.

GND

Power supply voltage: +5.0 V

DD

GND: 0 V

SS

LC drive voltage

LC

Data bus (LSB)

0

Data bus

1

Data bus

2

Data bus

3

Data bus

4

Data bus

5

Data bus

6

Functions

Figure 1 Dimensions

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

DB
CS1
CS2

RST
R/W

D/I

E

F

GND

LEDA
LEDC

Data bus (MSB)

7

Chip select (1)
Chip select (2)
Reset
Read/Write
Data/Instruction
Enable
Frame ground
LED anode
LED cathode

FunctionsSym.No.

1

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

g

2. CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION

2.1 Block Diagram
This product consists of two HD61202 segment drivers, an HD61203 common driver and a bias

voltage generator. Figure 2 shows the block diagram.

DB

to DB

0

7

RST, R/W, D / I, E

CS2

CS1
V

LC

V

DD

V

SS

Bias Voltage

Generator

V

a

V

b

V

e

V

f

Va, Vc, Vd, V

FRM
M
CL2

1



2



f

Segment Driver 1

64

Segment Driver 2

64

Common Driver

64

12864 full dot matrix LCD

LEDA

LED Backlight

LEDC

Fi

ure 2 Block Diagram

2.2 Segment Drivers (HD61202)
The segment driver is a 64 drive output CMOS IC. The G1216 is driven wit h the panel d ivided into

two right and left displays. A segm ent driver controls the divided s creen. 8 bits of data transm itted
from the MPU are saved in the internal display RAM, an d t he s e gment signal is gener ate d to dri ve t he
LC. 1 bit of display RAM data corresponds to 1 dot lighting or non-lighting on the LC panel.

- 7 -

2.2.1 Block Diagram (Segment Driver)

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

RST

V

DD

Busy Flag

Display ON/OFF

V

SS

V

LC

CS R/W D/I

E

DB0 to DB

8

7

Segment Dr iver

Interface Control

Input and Output Buffer

8

Output

Register

6

Display Start Line

Register

8

Input

Register

8

Instruction Register

9

X, Y-Address

Counter

Z-Address

Counter

6

8

Display Data RAM

6

4096 bit

9

64

Display Data Latch

64

4

LC Driver

V

M

2

1





FRM

CL

a

V

c

V

d

V

f

Y1 Y2

Y64

Figure 3 Segment Driver

- 8 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

2.2.2 Functions and Operations of Main Blocks
(1) Interface Control Unit

The interface control unit consists of the following blocks:



Input and output buffer



Input and output register



Instruction register

The above blocks are selected according to the following combinations of R/W and D/I signals:

D / I R / W Functions

1 1 Output Register Read

Internal Operation (Display Data RAM  Output Register)

10

Input Register Write

Internal Operation (Input Resister  Display Data RAM)
0 1 Busy Check and Status Read
0 0 Instruction



Input and output buffer

The data is transmitted through eight data buses (DB

DB

....... MSB (most significant bit)

7

DB

...... LSB (least significant bit)

0

to DB7).

0

The data can be input and output on ly when the Ch ip Select is selected. T herefore, if the Ch ip Se lect
is not selected, the internal condition remains unchanged and instruction will not be executed, even
when changing the signal of the input terminals excluding the RST (reset) terminal.

Note that the RST operates regardless of CS1 and CS2.



Input and output register

This product is prov ided with an inp ut register and an output register s o that the product can interface
with MPUs having speed differing from the internal operation.



Input register

The input register is a register that is used for temporarily storing the data to be written in the display
data RAM. The data to be written f rom the MPU to the i nput regis ter will be autom aticall y writte n in
the display data RAM through internal operation.

When the Chip Select is selected and R / W = 0, D / I =0, the data is written in the register,
synchronized with the fall of signal E.



Output register

The output register is a register that is used for temporaril y storing the data to be read from the
display data RAM.

- 9 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

In order to read the con tent of the outp ut register, t he Chip Sel ect must be s elected, D/I mus t be 1,
and R/W must be 1. W hen executing the “Read” instruction, the contents of the output register
stored at that time are output during the time that “E” is 1. When “E” falls, display data of the
currently indicated addres s is written in the output register. Af ter that, the address advances b y
one.

The contents of the output regist er are r e wr itte n by the Read instruct ion. T he data is retained b y the
address set or other instructions. Ac cordingl y, when perf orm ing the address s et, and nex t executi ng
the Read instruction, the data of the specified address is not output and the data of the address
which is specified is output at the second dat a read time. Therefore, when setting the addres s, a
dummy read is needed once. See Figure 4.

D / I

R/W

E

Address

Output Re gister

DB0 to DB

N N+1

N address data

Busy
Check

7

Address
Set
(Address
N)

Busy
Check

Data Read
(dummy)

Busy
Check

Data Read
(N address
data)

N+2

N+1 address data

Busy
Check

Data Read
(N+1 address
data)

Figure 4 Read Timing

(2) Busy flag

The status when busy flag is “1” means that t he module is operatin g internally. Ins tructions ot her than
he Status Read are not available at this time. The busy flag is output to DB

by the Status Read

7

instruction. Ensure that the busy flag is “0” before executing the instruction.

E

F is freq uency of

BUSY

1

F





1 or 2

T



BUSY

3



F



(1 / 2 the s ource osci llation frequenc y of HD61203): 215 kHz typ.

T

BUSY

Figure 5 Busy Flag

(3) Display ON/OFF Flip/Flop

The display ON/OFF Flip/Flop is a flip-flop function that determines whether the display data
corresponding to the R AM data is outp ut to the segm ent on the LCD (ON status ) or goes to all nonl it
status regardless of the RAM data (O FF status). This is co ntrolled b y the d isplay ON /OFF instruct ion.
When the RST signal bec omes “0,” the display goes to OFF status. This f lip- f lop s tat us is o utpu t to DB
by the Status Read instruction.

Even when performing display ON/OFF, the data inside the RAM is not affected.

- 10 -

5

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

(4) Display start line register

The display start line register is a regis ter which determ ines the line address (see Fi gure 6) for which
data is displayed on the top line of the LCD screen when displayin g the contents of the displa y data
RAM on the LCD screen. It is also used to scroll the display. The 6 bit (0 to 63) display start line
information is written in this register by the Display Start Line Set Instruction.

The contents of this register are transmitted to address counter Z at “H” level of the FRM signal
(common driver output) which indicates the display start on the screen.

(5) Z-address counter

The Z-address counter generates the address to output the display data synchronized with the
common signal. This is a 6-bit counter which c ou nts at t he f al l of th e CL signal (common dr iver output).
The contents of the display start line register are preset to the Z-address counter at “ H” level of the
FRM signal (common driver output).

(6) Displa y data RAM

The display data RAM is a RAM that stores the disp lay dot data. 1 bit of RAM data correspon ds to
lighting (data=1) or non-lighting ( data = 0) of 1 dot of the display on th e LCD screen. Fig ure 6 s hows
the relationship between the ad dress and dat a insid e the R AM on e ither the rig ht or left s creen (6464
dots). In this case, the display start line is 0.

- 11 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

Y

Y61Y62Y

X=0

g

Display pattern
(Display star t line: 0)

Common driver
output
X

to X

1

64

Segment driver output
Y

to Y

1

Data inside
display RAM

DB0(LSB)
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB7(MSB)

COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
COM5
COM6
COM7
COM8
COM9

COM62
COM63
COM64

64

62 63 641 2 3 4 5

Line addr es s

0

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

1

2
3
4
5
6

0

1

0

1

1

1

0

1

0
0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

Line 0

0

0

1

Line 1

0

0

1

Line 2

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

00
0

0

0

X- address
(page)

X=1

X=2

0 1 0 0

0

1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0

Y-address

ure 6 Relationship Between Displ ay and Data Inside Display RAM

Fi

0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Line 62

0

Line 63

63

0

0

X=7

(7) X, Y- address counter

X, Y-address counter is a 9-bit counter which gives the address of the interna l display dat a RAM. It is
necessary to set the X -address counter of the thre e upper bits, and the Y-address counter of the six
lower bits using differ ing instr uc ti ons .



X-address counter

Address counter X is a sim ple reg ister that is n ot pr ovide d with a cou nt functio n. T he addres s is set
by instruction.

- 12 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

O

l



Y-address counter

This counter sets the address by instruction and is automatically advanced by the read/write
operation. Counting is performed by looping the values 0 to 63.

2.3 Common driver (HD61203)
The common driver is a 64 drive output CMOS IC. Incorporating an oscillation circuit, this driver

generates the comm on signal and timing signa ls (LC AC drive contro l, and one-frame tim ing signal)
necessary for the LC d isplay, a nd controls the dis play by supp lying t he tim ing s ignals t o the segm ent
drivers.

2.4 Bias voltage generator
Six levels of standard voltag e Va to Vf are applied to the dr ivers as a bias vo ltage. This voltag e is

generated by resistance division of Vopr and driven by a voltage follower through an operational
amplifier.

V

DD

R

1

R

1

R

V

opr

V

LC

2

R

1

R

1



+



+



+



+

perationa

Amplifier

C

C

C

C

C

1 / 9 bias: R2= (9  4) R1= 5 R

V

a

V

b

V

c

V

d

V

e

V

f

1

Figure 7 Bias Voltage Generator

- 13 -

3. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Chi

ibl

CS1: C

LCM left half displ

(SEG1

3.1 Terminal Functions

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

Table 1 Terminal Functions

Signal

to

DB

0

E 1

DB

QTY

7

8 I/O MPU

I/O

Destination

Input MPU

R/W 1 Input MPU

D/I 1 Input MPU

CS1, CS2 2 Input MPU

Functions

Common terminal for tristate input and output, and data bus.

Enable
Write (R/W=0):Latches data of DB
Read (R/W=1):Outputs data to DB

to DB7 at the fall of E.

0

to DB7 while “E” keeps a

0

high level.

Read/Write selection
R/W=1: Wh en E=1 and CS1= 0 or CS2=0, the data is outpu t

to DB

to DB7 and read is available by MPU.

0

R/W=0: Wh en CS1=0 or CS2 = 0, DB

to DB7 are ready for

0

receiving the input.

Data/Instruction selection
D/I=1: Indicates that the data in DB

to DB7 is the display

0

data.

D/I=0: Indicates that the data in DB

to DB7 is the instruction

0

code.

p select input. Data input and output is poss

e under

the following sta tus:

LCM display screen

Terminal No.

Status

CS1

0

CS2

0

CS2CS1

RST 1 Input MPU

V

DD

V

SS

V

LC

LEDA 1
LEDC 1

F

GND

1

F

terminal is connected to the metallic frame of the module. Use this terminal when

GND

1
1
1











1

 

grounding the frame.

SEG64).

ontrols the

CS2: Contr ols the LCM right half disp lay scr ee n (SEG65 to
SEG128).

Reset si gn al
Setting the RST signal to a low level allows for initial setup.

(1) ON /OFF register: 0 setup (display OFF)
(2) Display st art line register: 0 lin e s etup (dis play starts

from 0 lin e)
The setup status is retained until the status is changed by an
instruction after reset is released.

Power Power terminal for logic (+5 V)
Power GND terminal (0 V)
Power Power terminal for LC drive
Power LED backlight anode terminal
Power LED backlight cathode terminal

Frame ground

1

ay screen

to

- 14 -

3.2 Timing Characteristics

D

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

NoteunitMax.Typ.Min.SymbolItem

E cycle time
E pulse width (H)
E pulse width (L)
E rise time
E fall time
Address setup time
Address hold time
Data setup time
Data delay time
Data hold time during write
Data hold time during read

Note 1: When t he MPU writes:

t

CYC

P
P
t

r

t

f

t

AS

t

AH

t

DSW

t

DDR

t

DHW

t

DHR

WEH

WEL

1000

450
450

140

10

200

10
20


















320





25
25

ns



ns



ns



ns
ns
ns



ns



ns



ns
ns



ns



Note 2: When t he MPU reads:

1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1
2, 3
1
2

t

CYC

2.0V

E

0.8V

R / W
CS1, CS2

D/I

DB0 to DB

7

2.0V

0.8V

2.0V

0.8V

P

WEL

t

AS

t

AS

2.0V

0.8V

P

WEH

t

r

Note 3: Load circuits (DB0 to DB7)

D

1

Test point

C R

t

DSW

t

CYC

t

f

t

AH

t

AH

t

DHW

R

L

RL= 2.4 k
R=11 k

2

D

3

D

4

C = 130 pF (including jig capacity)
Diodes D1 to D4 are 1S2074 H .

2.0V

E

0.8V

R / W

CS1, CS2
D/I

DB0 to DB





7

2.0V

0.8V

2.0V

0.8V

P

WEL

t

AS

t

AS

P

WEH

DDR

2.4V

0.4V

t

f

t

AH

t

AH

t

DHR

t

r

t

- 15 -

3.3 Reset Function
Setting the RST terminal to a low level when the power is on allows for initial setup.



Display OFF



Display start line register: Set address 0.

While the RST remains at a low level, instructions other than the status read cannot be accepted.

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

Execute other instructions after confirming that DB

=0 (reset release) and DB7=0 (ready) , using the

4

status read instruction.
The power conditions for power-on initial setup are as follows:.

Item

Reset time

Rise time

Symbol

t

RST

t

r

Min

1.0



Typ.





Max



200

unit



ns

s

4.5V

V

DD

RST

t

RST

t

r

0.7V

0.3V

DD

DD

If the RESET is executed during operation, retention of the contents of all registers (excluding an
ON/OFF register) and the RAM is not guaranteed. Always set them again.

- 16 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

3.4 Instructions

3.4.1 General
Instructions are listed on Table 2. Instructions other than the Status Read instruction will not be

executed if they are sent while another instruction is already being execut ed. The busy flag is “1”
when executing the instruction. Check whether or not the flag is “1” before transmitting the
instructions from the MPU.

Table 2 List of Instructions

Instruction

Display

1

ON / OFF

Display start

2

line
X-address

(page) set

3

Y-address

4

set

Status read

5

Display data

6

write

Display data

7

read

Code

R/W D / I DB7DB6DB5DB4DB3DB2DB1DB

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1/0

0 0 1 1

0 0 1 0 1 1 1

0 0 0 1

B

1 0

0 1 Write Data

1 1 Read Data

U
S
Y

ON

/

0

OFF

Display start lines

( 0 to 63 )

X-address(page)

Y-address

( 0 to 63 )

R
E
S

0 0 0
E
T

(0 to 7)

Function

0

Turns ON / OFF total display. Data and
internal status in the display RAM remain
unchanged.
1: ON 0 : OFF

Determines the RAM line to be displayed on the
top line (COM1) on the display.

Sets the X-address of the RAM (page) in the
X-address (page) register.

Set Y-address of the RAM in the Y-address
counter.

Reads the status.
RESET 1: Reset 0: Normal
ON/OFF 1: Display OFF 0: Display ON

0

BUSY 1: during internal operation

0: READY status

Writes data DB0 (LSB) to

(MSB ) on the data

DB

7

bus into the display RAM.

Reads data DB0 (LSB) to

(MSB) from the

DB

7

display RAM into the data
bus.

Accesses the
RAM in which
address has been
specified
beforehand. After
that the Y-address
advances by one.

Note: The BUSY time varies depending upon the frequency F (:215 kHz (typ.) ) of 1, 2 (1/F  T

BUSY

 3/F).

3.4.2 Detailed explanation
(1) Display ON/OFF

D/I DB

Code

R/W

0 0

7

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 D

DB

0

Turns the display ON when D=1, and OFF when D=0 . When the display is tur ned OFF by D=0, the
original display appears if D is set to 1 because the display data is retained in the display data RAM.

- 17 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

(2) Display start line

D/I DB

Code

R/W

0 0

7

1 1 A A A A A A

Upper bits

Lower bits

DB

0

Sets the display data RAM line address expressed with binary AAAAAA in the display start line
register. When disp laying the content of the display data RAM, th e d isplay data on t he line addresses
which are set in the register is displayed on the top line on the LCD s c reen . For a ddr es s c onf iguration
inside the display data, refer to Figure 6. Figure 8 shows display examples of start lines 0 to 3.

COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
COM5
COM6
COM7
COM8
COM9
COM10

-

-

­COM59
COM60
COM61
COM62
COM63
COM64

COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
COM5
COM6
COM7
COM8
COM9
COM10

-

-

­COM59
COM60
COM61
COM62
COM63
COM64

Display start line=0

COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
COM5
COM6
COM7
COM8
COM9
COM10

-

-

­COM59
COM60
COM61
COM62
COM63
COM64

Display start line=1

COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
COM5
COM6
COM7
COM8
COM9
COM10

-

-

­COM59
COM60
COM61
COM62
COM63
COM64

Display start line

=2

Display start line=3

Figure 8 Relationship Between Display Start Lines and Displays

- 18 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

(3) X-address (page) set

D/I DB

Code

R/W

0 0

7

1 0 1 1 1 A A A

Upper bits

Lower bits

DB

0

The display data RAM “X ” address (pa ge) whic h is expres sed with binary AAA is set in the X -addr ess
register. Following write/read operations from the MPU are performed on the specified X-address
(page) until the next X-addres s (page) set is perform ed. The conf iguration of dis play data RA M and
X-address is shown in Figure 9.

D/I DB

Code

R/W

0 0

7

0 1 A A A A A A

Upper bits Lower bits

DB

0

(4) Y-address set

The display data RAM Y- ad dress which is expressed with binar y AAAAAA is set in the Y-addr ess
counter. After that th e Y-address counter a dvances by one eac h time write/r ead is perf ormed from
the MPU. The configuration of the display data RAM and Y-address is shown in Figure 9.

Y-address

01234---------------616263

DB

0

to
DB

DB
to
DB

DB
to
DB

DB
to
DB

7

0

7

0

7

0

7

Page 0

Page 1

Page 6

Page 7

X=0

X=1

X=6

X=7

Figure 9 Display Data RAM Address Configuration

- 19 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

(5) Status read

D/I DB

Code

R/W

1 0 0

7

BUSY

ON/OFF

RESET

0 0 0 0

DB

0

BUSY: When BUSY=1, it means that the the module is operating internally and the next instruction is

not accepted until BUSY=0. After confirming that BUSY=0, it is necessary to perform the
next write.

ON/OFF: Indicates that the display is OFF when ON/OFF=1.

Indicates that the display is ON when ON/OFF=0.

RESET: Indicates that initial setup is performed by the RST signal.

Indicates that the initialization is being performed when RESET=1 and instructions other than
the Status Read instruction are not accepted.
When RESET=0, initialization is completed and operation status is normal.

(6) Display data write

D/I DB

Code

R/W

0 1

7

D D D D D D D D

Upper bits

Lower bits

DB

0

Writes 8-bit binary data DDDDDDDD in the displa y data RAM. After the write is completed, th e Y­address is automatically advanced by one

(7) Display data read

D/I DB

code

R/W

1 1

7

D D D D D D D D

Upper bits

Lower bits

DB

0

Read 8-bit binary data DDDDDDDD from the display data RAM. After read is performed, the Y­address is automatical ly advanced by one. A dummy read is nec essary once, imm ediately after the
address set is completed. For details, refer to segment driver output register section.

- 20 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

−

−

3.5 Contrast Adjustment and Power Supply Example
The LC panel viewing angle and display screen contrast are greatly affected by the ambient

temperature. The recommended LC drive voltage (Vopr) at each temperature is given below. Vopr
is a value at which the best display is visually obtained. This value does not always correspond to the
value at which the best contrast (Cmax.) is obtained. A contrast adjustment circuit example is shown
below:

V

Temperature (°C)

20

0

25

50

70

opr

= V

DD

V

LC

Voltage (V

5V

12 V

C2

opr

)

13.5

13.0

12.5

C1

R

A

R

V

R

B

Figure 10 Contrast Adjustment

3.6 LED Backlight Driver Examples

(1) Example 1

A basic LED backlight driver example is shown in Figure 11.

VIN = +5V

R=30Ω, (≥1/4W)

11.5

V

DD

V

SS

V

LC

LEDA

G1216

10.5

RA=10 k

Ω

RB=1.2 k
RV (variable resistor)
=10 k

Ω

C1, C2=10 µF

Ω

LEDC

G1216

Figure 11 LED Backlight Driver Example 1

Where resistance “R” is the limit resistance of the LED forward current. The forward current depends
upon the temperature. Especially, it must be decreased at high temperature. For temperature
dependence, refer to forward current reduction characteristics described in 1.8 (1). The operating
temperature for the G1216 ranges from −20°C to +70°C. It is necessary to determine limit resistance
“R” so that the forward current becomes 50 mA or lower at +70°C.

Forward voltage VF at each temperature of the LED backlight is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Forward Voltage At Temperatures

Temperature (Ta) Conditions VF min. VF typ. VF max.

−20°C IF=90 mA 3.9 V 4.3 V 4.6 V
+25°C IF=90 mA 3.8 V 4.1 V 4.4 V
+70°C IF=50 mA 3.5 V 3.7 V 3.9 V

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

−

Limit resistance “R” is calculated using the following equation. The resistance becomes the value
shown in Figure 11.

VIN=Input voltage (power voltage)(V)
VF=LED forward voltage (V)
IF=Allowable LED forward current (A)

R=

V

V

IN

F

I

(Ω)

F

For this resistance value, the forward current becomes lower than 50 mA at 25°C. The surface
brightness of the LED backlight varies with the forward current. See Figure 12. Compared with 1.8 (4)
brightness (IF=90 mA), the brightness is about 40%.

1.2

1.0

0.8

Relative

brightness

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.2
Forward current:

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

IF(mA)

Figure 12 Forward Current-Brightness Characteristics (Ta=25°C)

(2) Example 2

When you want to keep the brightness (2 nit) at 25°C, use a thermosensitive element, like a thermistor,
and a transistor as shown in Figure 13. Set the thermosensitive element to about IF=90 mA at 25°C
and configure it so that “IF” will be reduced as the temperature rises.

LEDA

R2

V

IN

LEDC

G1216

Tr

R3

Thermistor

R1

R4

Figure 13 LED Backlight Driver Example 2

3.7 MPU Connection Diagram

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

Z80A

D0 to D7

A0 to A15

RD

IORQ

M1

INT



Decoder

A0
A1

D0 to D7

CE

C / D

A / B

RD

IORQ

M1

INT



Z80 PIO

A0 to A7

B0

B1
B2
B3
B4
B5

G1216

DB0 to DB

E

R/W

D/I
RST
CS1

CS2

V

DD

V

SS

V

LC

7

Figure 14 Example of Connection to Z80A

- 23 -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

4

. PRECAUTIONS

Safety



If the LCD panel is damaged, be careful not to get the liquid crystal in your mouth. If the liquid
crystal touches your skin or clothes, promptly wash it off using soap and plenty of water.

Handling



Avoid static electricity, as it will damage the CMOS LSI.



The LCD panel is made of plate glass. Do not hit or crush it.



Do not remove the panel or frame from the module.



The polarizer of the display is very fragile. Handle it very carefully.

Mounting and design



Mount the module by using the specified mounting parts and holes.



To protect the module against external pressure, place a transparent plate (e.g., acrylic or glass)
on the module, leaving a small gap between the display surface and transparent plate.

Example

✩

Small gap

Exterior face

Transparent plate

Module

Screw



Design the system so that no input signal is given unless the power-supply voltage is applied.



Keep the module dry. Avoid condensation to prevent the transparent electrodes from being
damaged.

Storage



Store the module in a dark place, where the temperature is 25C 10C and the relative humidity
below 65%.



Do not store the module near organic solvents or corrosive gases.



Keep the module (including accessories) safe from vibration, shock and external pressure.

Cleaning



Do not wipe the polarizer with a dry cloth, as it may scratch the surface.



Wipe the module gently with a soft cloth soaked with a petroleum benzine.



Do not use ketonic (ketone) solvents (ketone and acetone) or aromatic solvents (toluene and
xylene), as they may damage the polarizer.

- 24 -

INDEX

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

- A -

Active display area ............................................................................. 2

- B -

Bias voltage generator .................................................................7, 13

Block diagram................................................................................. 7, 8

Busy flag....................................................................................... 8, 10

- C -

Chip select................................................................................ 6, 9, 14

Cleaning ........................................................................................... 24

Common driver............................................................................. 7, 13

Contrast........................................................................................ 3, 21

Contrast adjustment ......................................................................... 21

Current consumption..........................................................................2

- D -

Definition of contrast........................................................................... 4

Definition of response time................................................................ 4

Definition of viewing angles................................................................ 3

Display data RAM...................................1, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20

Display data read .......................................................................17, 20

Display data write.......................................................................17, 20

Display ON/OFF...........................................................................8, 17

Display ON/OFF flip-flop .................................................................10

Display start line ........................................................8, 11, 12, 17, 18

Display start line register..............................................................8, 11

Dot dimensions................................................................................... 2

Dot pitch ............................................................................................. 2

- E -

Enable .......................................................................................... 6, 14

- F -

Frame frequency ................................................................................ 2

- I -

Input and output buffer ..................................................................8, 9

Input register .................................................................................8, 9

Input voltage................................................................................. 2, 22

- L -

LC drive voltage ...........................................................................6, 21

LC panel life time................................................................................ 4

LED backlight characteristics ............................................................. 4

- O -

Operating temperature ....................................................................... 2

Output register............................................................................... 8, 9

Output voltage....................................................................................2

-P -

Power supply example ..................................................................... 21

Power supply voltage ............................................................... 2, 6, 24

- R -

AN.No.G1216B1N000-3D0E

Recommended LC drive voltage...................................................... 21

Reset..................................................................................6, 9, 14, 16

Response time ...................................................................................3

- S -

Segment driver...............................................................................7, 8

Status read................................................................9, 10, 16, 17, 20

Storage............................................................................................. 24

Storage humidity................................................................................. 2

Storage temperature .........................................................................2

- T-

Terminal functions ........................................................................... 14

- V -

Viewing angle..................................................................................... 3

Viewing area....................................................................................... 2

- W -

Weight ................................................................................................ 2

- X -

X-address counter............................................................................12

X, Y-address counter.................................................................... 8, 12

- Y -

Y-address counter......................................................................12, 13

- Z -

Z-address counter ........................................................................ 8, 11

Z80A................................................................................................. 23

Seiko Instruments Inc.

Head Office

Components Overseas Marketing & Sales Department
1-8, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan
Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone]

Seiko Instruments U.S.A. Inc.

Electronic Components Division
2990 W. Lomita Blvd., Torrance Calif. 90505, USA Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone]

Seiko Instruments GmbH

Siemensstrasse 9b, 63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone]

Seiko Instruments ( H. K. ) Ltd.

4-5/F, Wyler Centre 2, 200 Tai Lin Pai Road, Kwai Chung, N.T., Kowloon, Hong Kong
Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone]

Seiko Instruments Taiwan Inc.

5F-1 No. 99, SEC.2, Chung Shan N. Rd., Taipei 104, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone]

Sales Division