seagate ST3636A, ST31276A, ST31082A Product Manual

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Medalist Family:

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ST31276A

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ST31082A

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ST3636A

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Product Manual

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ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

Intelligent Disk Drive

Product Manual

P/N 20401028-001

Revision C

September 1996

920 Disc Drive

Scotts Valley, California

95066

FCC Notice

This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used properly; that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient the receiving antenna.

• Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.

• Move the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits.

If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful:

How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems

This booklet (Stock No. 004-000-00345-4) is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Warning: Changes or modifications made to this equipment which have not been expressly approved by Seagate Technology, Inc. may cause radio and television interference problems that could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

Further, this equipment complies with the limits for a Class B digital apparatus in accordance with Canadian Radio Interference Regulations.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme au Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique, C.R.C., ch. 1374.

Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Seagate logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology, Inc. All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are property of their respective owners.

Important Information About this Manual

All information contained in or disclosed by this document is considered proprietary by Seagate Technology, Inc. By accepting this material, the recipient agrees that this material and the information contained therein are held in confidence and in trust and will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part, nor its contents revealed to others, except to meet the purpose for which it was delivered. It is understood that no right is conveyed to reproduce or translate any item herein disclosed without express written permission from Seagate Technology, Inc.

Seagate Technology, Inc. provides this manual "as is," without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Seagate Technology, Inc. reserves the right to change, without notification, the specifications contained in this manual.

Seagate Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency, or usefulness of this manual, nor for any problem that might arise from the use of the information in this manual.

Table of Contents

1. Overview of the Drive 1

2. Specifications 5

What is the Drive? 1 Features of the Drive 1 What the Drive is Composed Of 2

Mechanical Design Features 2

Drive Assembly Housing 2 Head Positioning Mechanism 2 Read/Write Heads and Disks 3 Data and Power Connections 4

Electrical Design Features 4

Pre-amplifier 4 Circuit Board 4

Firmware 4

Specifications In This Chapter 5

Drive Capacity 6 Physical Configuration 6 Performance Characteristics 7 Read/Write Characteristics 8 Reliability 8 Power Requirements 9 Environmental Tolerances 9 Product Test Standards 10 Physical Characteristics 11

3. How the Drive Operates 13

Functions of the Drive 13 Drive Operational Modes 13 Error Correction 13 Universal Translate Mode 14 Master/Slave Configuration 14

Cable Select 15 Forced M/S operation: 15

4. Installing the Drive 17

Take These Precautions 17 Installing the Drive 17

Setting the Drive’s Jumpers 18 Attaching a Data Cable to the Drive 19 Attaching Power to the Drive 21 Mounting the Drive 22

Technical Reference Manual Page i

Table of Contents ST3636A/ST1082A/ST31276A

5. Host Interface 23

About the Host Interface 23 Signal Conventions 23 Signal Levels 23 Signal Descriptions 24 ATA/CAM Master/Slave Reset Timing 26 Host PI0 16-Bit Timing Values 28 Host Demand Mode DMA 16-bit Interface Timing Values 29

6. Register Addresses and Functions 31

Host Address Decoding 31 Addressing the Data 33

Cylinder-head-sector (CHS) mode 33 Logical Block Addressing (LBA) Mode 33

Descriptions of the Registers 34

Data Register 34 Error Register 35 Features Register (formerly Write Precomp Register) 36 Sector Count 36 Sector Number 36 Cylinder Low 37 Cylinder High 37 Device/Head Register 38 Status Register 39 Alternate Status Register 40 Device Control Register 41 Drive Address Register 42 Command Register 42

7. Command Set 45

Command Register 45

Seagate Specific 46

Get Drive Feature word (00) 47 Execute Drive Diagnostic 48 Format Track 48 Identify Device 49 Initialize Device Parameters 53 Power Commands 54 Read DMA 55 Read Multiple 56 Read Sector(s) 57 Read Sector Buffer 58 Read Verify Sectors 58 Recalibrate 59 Seek 59 Set Features (Set Look Ahead Read) 60 Set Multiple Mode 61 S.M.A.R.T. 62

Device Attributes Data Structure 65

Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure 68

Error Reporting 70

Page ii ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

ST3636A/ST1082A/ST31276A Table of Contents

Write DMA 71

Write Caching 71

Write Multiple 72

Write Caching 72

Write Sector(s) 74

Write Caching 75

Write Sector Buffer 75

8. Error Reporting 77

Error and Status Detection 77 Error and Status Messages 77

Glossary 79

Technical Reference Manual Page iii

Table of Contents ST3636A/ST1082A/ST31276A

Page iv ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

Overview of the Drive

Capacity (formatted):

635MB

1082MB

1275MB

What is the Drive?

The Seagate ST3636A, ST31082A and ST1276A are high-performance, lowprofile hard disk drives that are designed to operate with an IBM PC/AT or equivalent host computer system in translate mode.

Drive Model: Form Factor:

ST3636A inch high, 3.5 inch ST31082A inch high, 3.5 inch

ST31276A inch high, 3.5 inch

Throughout this document, the Medalist 1276 is referred to as the ST31276A, The Medalist 1082 is referred to as the ST31082A and the Medalist 636 is referred to as the ST3636A. For simplicity, we often refer to these drives collectively in this manual as “the drive”.

Features of the Drive

The drive provides these features:

• can be installed in a wide range of host systems

• high-performance rotary voice coil actuator with embedded servo

• one-of-seven run-length limited code

• high shock resistance

• automatic actuator latch against inner stop upon power-down

No. of disks/heads:

1 disk/2 heads 2 disks/4 heads

2 disks/4 heads

Technical Reference Manual Page 1

• microprocessor-controlled diagnostic routines that are automatically executed at start-up

• PIO mode 4, multiword DMA 2 support

• 64KB buffer with adaptive cache management

• Read Look Ahead and Write Caching

• automatic error correction and retries, ECC on the fly

• 512-byte block size

• emulates IBM Task File and supports additional commands

• allows daisy-chaining up to two drives on the AT interface

• Auto-Translate (Universal Translate)

• Reed-Solomon ECC capable of correcting two 17-bit errors or a single 41-bit error without incurring additional latency.

• Supports the ATA (AT Attachment) Interface Standard

Chapter 1 Overview of the Drives

What the Drive is Composed Of

The drive is composed of mechanical, electrical, and firmware elements.

Mechanical Design Features

The drive’s hardware includes the components described in the following sections. Figure 1-1 shows some of these components.

Drive Assembly Housing

The drive assembly housing consists of an extruded aluminum base on which is mounted a drawn aluminum cover. In addition, the aluminum cover has a designed in breather filter and diffusion tube that prevents entry of contaminants which might degrade head and media reliability. Aluminum tape seals the joint between the base and cover. Critical drive components are contained within this contaminant-free environment, which is commonly referred to as the Head-Disk Assembly (HDA).

Drive Motor and Spindle

A brushless DC direct-drive motor assembly is mounted on the drive’s base. The motor rotates the drive’s spindle at 4500 RPM. The motor/spindle assembly is dynamically balanced to provide minimal mechanical runout to the disks. A dynamic brake is used to provide a fast stop to the spindle motor and return the heads to the landing zone when power is removed.

Head Positioning Mechanism

The read/write heads are supported by a mechanism coupled to a rotary voice coil actuator.

Page 2 ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

Overview of the Drives Chapter 1

Figure 1-1 Hard Drive Components

Printed Circuit

Board Assembly

Extruded Base

Aluminum Tape

Seal

Drawn Aluminum

Cover

Standard 4-Pin

Power Connector

40-Pin Data Connector

(Task File Interface)

Jumper

Option

Block

Read/Write Heads and Disks

Data is recorded on a 95mm diameter disk using thin film tri-pad or close proximity head.

The ST3636A contains:

• one disk with two data surfaces

• two read/write heads

The ST31082A and ST31276A contain:

• Two disk with four data surfaces

• four read/write heads

At power-down, the heads are automatically retracted to the inner diameter of the disk and are latched and parked on a landing zone that is separate from the data tracks.

Technical Reference Manual Page 3

Chapter 1 Overview of the Drives

Data and Power Connections

The drive has a single 40-pin data connector, as well as an auxiliary connector which is reserved for factory or evaluation use. Power to the drive is provided through a standard 4-pin connector.

The drive also has a jumper block which can be set to specify drive operational parameters. For more information on the drive’s connectors and on setting jumpers, refer to chapters 3 and 4.

Electrical Design Features

Pre-amplifier

A single integrated circuit (IC) is mounted within the head disk assembly, in close proximity to the read/write heads. The IC provides head selection, read pre-amplification, and write drive circuitry.

Circuit Board

Firmware

The drive’s microprocessor-controlled circuit board provides the remaining electronic functions, which include:

• read/write circuitry

• rotary actuator control

• interface control

• spin speed control

• auto-park

• power management

The drive’s firmware includes a command set which the host uses to control the drive. The command set allows the host to request the following types of actions:

• report drive status

• seek a specific point on the disk

• read and write data

For more information on the drive’s command set, refer to chapters 6 and 7.

Page 4 ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

Specifications

Specifications In This Chapter

This chapter defines the following specifications for the drive:

• drive capacity

• physical configuration

• performance characteristics

• read/write characteristics

• reliability

• power requirements

• environmental tolerances

• safety standards

• physical characteristics

Technical Reference Manual Page 5

Chapter 2 Specifications

Drive Capacity

Formatted Capacity:

•

• ST31082A: 1082MB

• ST31276A: 1275MB

ST3636A: 635MB

* 1MB = 1 x 106 bytes

Physical Configuration

Specification ST3636A: ST31082A: ST31276A:

Disk Type

Head Type Actuator Type

Number of Disks Data Surfaces Data Heads Servo Tracks per Surface Buffer Size Track Density Formatted Track Capacity

Bytes per Block Blocks per Drive

Sputtered Thin Film

Thin Film Thin Film Thin Film Rotary Voice

Coil 122 244 244 Embedded Embedded Embedded 4893 4893 4893 64KB 64KB 64KB 4973 tpi 4973 tpi 4973 tpi 43,520-

84,992 bytes 512 512 512 1,250,928 2, 114,180 2,501,856

Sputtered Thin Film

Rotary Voice Coil

43,52084,992 bytes

Sputtered Thin Film

Rotary Voice Coil

43,52084,992 bytes

Sectors per Track (User) Translate

* Refer to chapter 3 for a definition of Universal Translate Mode

85-166 85-166 85-166 Universal Universal Universal

Page 6 ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

Specifications Chapter 2

Performance Characteristics

Seek Times (typical)* :

• Track to track: 3.0 ms

• Average: 12.5 ms

• Maximum: 24 ms

• The timing is measured through the interface with the drive operating at nominal DC input voltage and nominal operating temperature. The timing also assumes that:

• BIOS and PC system hardware dependency have been subtracted from timing measurements

• the drive is operated using its native drive parameters

• the controller overhead is the time it takes to assert +HOST IRQ after the host writes the

command register with a READ instruction, for the case where the data already resides in the buffer

* The average seek time is determined by averaging the seek time for a minimum of 1000 seeks of

random length over the surface of the disk.

Average Latency:

• 6.67ms

Rotation Speed:

• 4500 RPM (+

0.25%)

Controller Overhead:

• <1.0ms

Start Time at Power-Up: *

• 0 RPM to 4500 RPM

- Typical: 6 seconds

- Maximum: 10 seconds

• 0 RPM to Ready

- Typical: 10 seconds

- Maximum: 20 seconds

* These numbers assume spin recovery is not invoked. If spin recovery is invoked, the maximum

could be 40 seconds. Briefly removing power can lead to spin recovery being invoked.

Stop Time at Power-Down:

• Typical: 10 seconds

• Maximum: 20 seconds

Interleave:

• 1:1

Technical Reference Manual Page 7

Chapter 2 Specifications

Read/Write Characteristics

Interface:

• Task File

Recording Method:

• 1 of 7 RLL code

Recording Density (ID):

• 88,400 bits per inch

Flux Density (ID):

• 66,300 flux reversals per inch

Data Transfer Rate:

• To/From Media: 33.6 megabits/second - 67.2 megabits/second

• To/From Host: PIO Mode 4 (16.7 MB/second) or Multiword DMA Mode 2

Reliability

Data Reliability:

• < 1 non-recoverable error in 10

Component Design Life:

• 5 years

Start/Stop Cycles:

• 40,000 minimum

Mean Time Between Failures:

• 300,000 power-on hours

Mean Time to Repair:

• 10 minutes typical

Preventive Maintenance:

• none

bits read

Page 8 ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

Specifications Chapter 2

Power Requirements

+5 Volts

Mode: *

Read/Write Seek/Rd/Wr Idle Standby Sleep Spin-Up Peak

* Refer to chapter 3 for the definitions of the modes. Spin-Up Mode current draw is for 7 seconds,

maximum. Maximum power is when the supply voltage is at the worst case condition.

(typical):

450 mA 160 mA 4.2 W 4.6 W 430 mA 200 mA 4.6 W 4.9 W 270 mA 180 mA 3.5 W 4.0 W 200 mA 0 mA 1.0 W 1.2 W 130 mA 0 mA 0.7 W 1.0 W 500 mA 1200 mA N/A N/A 500 mA 1200 mA N/A N/A

+12 Volts (typical):

Watts (typical):

(maximum):

Minimum/Maximum Voltage:

• +5V: +

• +12V: +

Maximum Peak-to-Peak Noise Allowed (DC to 1 MHz, with equivalent

resistive load):

• +5V: 2%

• +12V: 1%

Environmental Tolerances

Temperature:

• Operating: 5° to 55° C

• Non-operating: -40° to 60° C

• Thermal Gradient: 20

Relative Humidity (non-condensing):

• Operating: 8 to 80%

• Non-operating: 8 to 80%

• Wet Bulb: 28.9

Altitude (relative to sea level):

• Operating: -200 to 10,000 feet

• Non-operating:-200 to 40,000 feet (maximum)

• Altitude Gradient: 1,000 feet/minute

Shock (half-sine pulse, 11 ms duration):

• Operating: 5G without non-recoverable errors

• Non-operating: 75G without non-recoverable errors

C per hour maximum

C maximum

Technical Reference Manual Page 9

Chapter 2 Specifications

Vibration (swept-sine, one octave per minute):

• Operating

− 5 - 22 Hz: 0.020 inch displacement; double amplitude, 1 octave per minute.

− 23 - 350 Hz: 0.5G peak without non-recoverable errors

• Non-operating

− 5 - 22 Hz: 0.20 inch displacement; double amplitude, 1 octave per minute

− 23 - 350 Hz: 5G peak

Magnetic Field:

• The disk drive will meet its specified performance while operating in the presence of an externally-produced magnetic field under the following conditions:

Field Frequency Intensity DC

to 700 Khz 700 Khz to 1.5 Mhz

Acoustic Noise:

• The sound pressure level will not exceed 34 dBA in Idle Mode at a distance

of 1 meter from the drive. The sound power level measured based on ISO 7779 will not exceed 4.0 Bel in Idle Mode.

Product Test Standards

The drive is designed to comply with relevant product safety standards, including:

• UL 478, 5th edition, Standard for Safety of Information Processing and

Business Equipment

• UL 1950, Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

• CSA 22.2 #220, Information Processing and Business Equipment

• CSA 22.2 #950, Safety of Information Technology Equipment

6 gauss 7 milligauss 3 milligauss

• IEC 380, Safety of Electrically Energized Office Machines

• IEC 950, Safety of information Technology Equipment Including Electrical

Business Equipment

• VDE 0805, VDE 0805 TIEL 100, and VDE 0806

The drive has been tested for compliance with FCC Class B, Part 15, Subpart J

The drive has been tested to be compatible with EMC directive 89/336/EEC.

Page 10 ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

Specifications Chapter 2

Physical Characteristics

Note: [mm]

.xx + .01

.xxx + .005

Height:

• 1.0 inch +

.030

Width:

• 4.0 inches +

.030

Figure 2-1 The Drive’s Physical Dimensions

0.18 +.015

[4.572 +.381]

1.00 +.03

[25.4 +.762]

2.227 +.03-

[56.565 +.762]

3.716 +.03

[94.386 +.762]

Depth:

• 5.75 inches + .030

Weight:

• ST3636A :1.1 lbs ST31082A and ST31276A:1.2 lbs

0.23 +.015

[5.842 +.381]

4X 6-32 UNC-2B .25 MAX. INSERTION [6.35]

1.750+.01 [44.45+.254]

+.03

2.375

- .005



+.762

[60.325 ]

- .127

3x 6-32 UNC-2B

.25 MAX. INSERTION

[6.35]

BOTH SIDES

3x.250 + .015

[6.35 +.381]

BOTH SIDES

4.000+

[101.6+ .254]

2.362 +.01

[59.994+ .254]

+.03

.630 

- .005

 +.762

[16.0 ]

- .127

.01

5.75 +.03

[146.05 +.762]

+.03

.125 

- .005

 [3.175 ]

+.762

- .127

3.750 +.01 

[95.25+.254]

4.00 +.03

[101.6 +.762]

Technical Reference Manual Page 11

Chapter 2 Specifications

Page 12 ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

How the Drive Operates

Functions of the Drive

This chapter describes certain operational aspects of the drive, including discussions of:

• drive operational modes

• error correction

• Universal Translate Mode

• master/slave configurations

Drive Operational Modes

The drive operates in the following modes:

• Read/Write Mode occurs when data is read from or written to the disk.

• • Seek/Rd/Wr Mode occurs when the drive is operated in a random

seeking read/write mode with a 30% seek duty cycle.

• Idle Mode occurs when the drive is not reading, writing, or seeking. The motor is up to speed and the Drive Ready condition exists. The actuator is residing on the last-accessed track.

Error Correction

• Standby Mode occurs when the motor is stopped and the actuator is parked. Standby Mode occurs after a programmable time-out since the last host access occurs. The drive will leave Standby Mode upon receipt of a command which requires disk access, or upon receipt of a spin-up command.

• Sleep Mode occurs when all electronics are disabled. The host is required to issue a Reset command to exit the Sleep Mode.

• Spin-Up Mode occurs while the drive is spun up to speed after being powered on or after exiting Standby or Sleep Mode.

The drive uses a Reed-Solomon code to perform error detection and correction. For each 512-byte block, the Reed-Solomon correction polynomial is capable of correcting:

• one error with a burst length of up to 41 bits

• two errors with burst lengths of up to 17 bits each

without incurring additional latency.

Technical Reference Manual Page 13

Chapter 3 How the Drive Operates

No. of

Sectors:

Universal Translate Mode

Seagate has established a Universal Translate Mode which enables you to configure the drive in an AT environment to any cylinder, head, and sector configuration desired. The translate configuration is limited by the maximum capacity of the drive and host system parameters. Upon initial power-up of the drive, it will default to the configuration shown below:

No. of

Drive:

Cylinders:

No. of Heads

ST3636A ST31082A ST31276A

After the drive is ready, the host system may issue an Initialize Device Parameters command (command code 91

configuration (number of heads and number of sectors per track). The drive will then calculate the total number of available logical cylinders based upon the values contained in the Sector Count and Drive/Head registers.

Master/Slave Configuration

When two drives are daisy-chained on the host interface, one must be designated as the master drive (drive 0) and one as the slave drive (drive 1). Commands from the host are written in parallel to both drives.

When the D0 jumper on the drive is closed, the drive will assume the role of a master. When D0 is open, the drive will act as a slave. In single-drive configurations, D0 must remain in the closed (master) position. For more information on setting the D0 jumper, refer to chapter 4.

1241 16 2097 16 2482 16

hex) to alter the translate

For each command sent from the host, the DRV bit in the Device/Head register selects the master or the slave drive. When the DRV bit is reset (0), the master drive is selected, and when the DRV bit is set (1), the slave drive is selected.

Once the drives receive the command, only the drive with jumper D0 set to the appropriate position will execute the command. For example, if the DRV bit is set, only the slave drive (jumper D0 open) will execute the command.

☞☞ Note: If the command is a diagnostic command, both drives will execute the command and the slave

will report its status to the master via the Host PDIAG signal.

Throughout this manual, drive selection always refers to the state of the DRV bit and the position of the D0 jumper.

Page 14 ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

How the Drive Operates Chapter 3

Cable Select

This optional method of drive Master/Slave designation can be enabled by D1 jumper selection as described in Chapter 4. If used, special cabling can be used to selectively ground CSEL of the drive intended to be drive C (0). This drive will then function as the Master. If CSEL is allowed to float the drive will recognize itself as drive D (1) and function as the Slave.

Forced M/S operation:

This method of drive M/S forces the drive to act as a master with a slave present. This feature is designed to allow drives with incompatible M/S modes to operate properly. Both the D0 and the D1 jumpers should be on to initiate this mode of operation.

Technical Reference Manual Page 15

Chapter 3 How the Drive Operates

Page 16 ST3636A/ST31082A/ST31276A

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