seagate ST31081A, ST31621A Product Manual

...................................

ST31081A

...................................

ST31621A

...................................

ATA Interface Drive

...................................

Product Manual

...................................

ST31081A/ST31621A

Intelligent Disk Drive

Product Manual

Production Release per ECO SJD7262

P/N 20401030-001

Revision A

May 1996

920 Disc Drive

Scotts Valley, California

95066

FCC Notice

This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used properly; that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient the receiving antenna.

• Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.

• Move the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits.

If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful:

How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems

This booklet (Stock No. 004-000-00345-4) is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Warning: Changes or modifications made to this equipment which have not been expressly approved by Seagate Technology, Inc. may cause radio and television interference problems that could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

Further, this equipment complies with the limits for a Class B digital apparatus in accordance with Canadian Radio Interference Regulations.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme au Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique, C.R.C., ch. 1374.

Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Seagate logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology, Inc. All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are property of their respective owners.

Document No. 501-087 10/95

Important Information About this Manual

All information contained in or disclosed by this document is considered proprietary by Seagate Technology, Inc. By accepting this material, the recipient agrees that this material and the information contained therein are held in confidence and in trust and will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part, nor its contents revealed to others, except to meet the purpose for which it was delivered. It is understood that no right is conveyed to reproduce or translate any item herein disclosed without express written permission from Seagate Technology, Inc.

Seagate Technology, Inc. provides this manual "as is," without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Seagate Technology, Inc. reserves the right to change, without notification, the specifications contained in this manual.

Seagate Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency, or usefulness of this manual, nor for any problem that might arise from the use of the information in this manual.

Table of Contents

1. Overview of the Drive 1

What is the Drive? 1 Features of the Drive 1 What the Drive is Composed Of 2

2. Specifications 5

Specifications In This Chapter 5

Mechanical Design Features 2

Drive Assembly Housing 2 Head Positioning Mechanism 2 Read/Write Heads and Disks 2

Electrical Design Features 4

Data and Power Connections 4 Preamplifier 4 Circuit Board 4

Firmware 4

Drive Capacity 6 Physical Configuration 6 Performance Characteristics 7 Read/Write Characteristics 8 Reliability 8 Power Requirements 9 Environmental Tolerances 9 Product Test Standards 10 Physical Characteristics 11

3. How the Drive Operates 13

Functions of the Drive 13 Drive Operational Modes 13 Error Correction 13 Universal Translate Mode 14 Master/Slave Configuration 14

Cable Select 15

4. Installing the Drive 17

Take These Precautions 17 Installing the Drive 17

Setting the Drive’s Jumpers 18 Attaching a Data Cable to the Drive 20 Attaching Power to the Drive 22 Mounting the Drive 23

Technical Reference Manual Page i

5. Host Interface 25

About the Host Interface 25 Signal Conventions 25 Signal Levels 25 Signal Descriptions 26 ATA/CAM Master/Slave Reset Timing 28 Host PI0 16-Bit Timing Values 30 Host Demand Mode DMA 16-bit Interface Timing Values 31

6. Register Addresses and Functions 33

Host Address Decoding 33 Addressing the Data 35

Cylinder-head-sector (CHS) mode 35 Logical Block Addressing (LBA) Mode 35

Descriptions of the Registers 36

Data Register 36 Error Register 37 Features Register (formerly Write Precomp Register) 38 Sector Count 38 Sector Number 38 Cylinder Low 39 Cylinder High 39 Device/Head Register 40 Status Register 41 Alternate Status Register 42 Device Control Register 43 Drive Address Register 44 Command Register 44

7. Command Set 47

Command Register 47

Seagate Specific 48

Get Drive Feature word (00) 49 Read the Drive Switches (02) 50 Power Lock (08) 50

Power Unlock (09) 50 Execute Drive Diagnostic 51 Format Track 51 Identify Device 52 Initialize Device Parameters 55 Power Commands 56 Read DMA 57 Read Multiple 58 Read Sector(s) 59 Read Sector Buffer 60 Read Verify Sectors 61 Recalibrate 61 Seek 62 Set Features (Set Look Ahead Read) 62 Set Multiple Mode 63 S.M.A.R.T. 64

Device Attributes Data Structure 67

Page ii ST31081A/ST31621A

ST31081A/ST31621A Table of Contents

Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure 70 Error Reporting 72

Write DMA 73

Write Caching 73

Write Multiple 74

Write Caching 74

Write Sector(s) 76

Write Caching 77

Write Sector Buffer 78

8. Error Reporting 81

Error and Status Detection 81 Error and Status Messages 81

Glossary 83

Technical Reference Manual Page iii

Page iv ST31081A/ST31621A

Overview of the Drive

Capacity (formatted):

1080MB

1620MB

What is the Drive?

The ST31081A and ST31621A are high-performance, low-profile hard disk drives that are designed to operate with an IBM PC/AT or equivalent host computer system in translate mode.

Drive Model: Form Factor:

ST31081A inch high, 3.5 inch ST31621A inch high, 3.5 inch

For simplicity, we often refer to these drives collectively in the manual as “The Drive”.

Features of the Drive

The drive provides these features:

• can be installed in a wide range of host systems

• high-performance rotary voice coil actuator with embedded servo

• one-of-seven run-length limited code

• high shock resistance

• automatic actuator latch against inner stop upon power-down

• microprocessor-controlled diagnostic routines that are automatically executed at start-up

• PIO mode 4, multiword DMA 2 support

No. of disks/heads:

2 disk/4 heads 3 disk/6 heads

Technical Reference Manual Page 1

• 64KB buffer with adaptive cache management

• Read Look Ahead and Write Caching

• automatic error correction and retries, ECC on the fly

• 512-byte block size

• emulates IBM Task File and supports additional commands

• allows daisy-chaining up to two drives on the AT interface

• Auto-Translate (Universal Translate)

• 4-byte ECC diagnostic check in read/write

• Supports the ATA (AT Attachment) Interface Standard

Chapter 1 Overview of the Drives

What the Drive is Composed Of

The drive is composed of mechanical, electrical, and firmware elements.

Mechanical Design Features

The drive’s hardware includes the components described in the following sections. Figure 1-1 shows some of these components.

Drive Assembly Housing

The drive assembly housing, or Head-Disk Assembly (HDA) consists of a die cast aluminum base on which is mounted a die cast aluminum cover. A gasket seals the joint between the base and cover to retard the entry of moisture and environmental contaminants from the assembly.

This assembly, the Head-Disk Assembly, contains an integral 0.3 micron filter, which maintains a clean environment. Critical drive components are contained within this contaminant-free environment.

Drive Motor and Spindle

A brushless DC direct-drive motor assembly is mounted on the drive’s base. The motor rotates the drive’s spindle at 3600 RPM. The motor/spindle assembly is dynamically balanced to provide minimal mechanical runout to the disks. A dynamic brake is used to provide a fast stop to the spindle motor and return the heads to the landing zone when power is removed.

Head Positioning Mechanism

The read/write heads are supported by a mechanism coupled to a rotary voice coil actuator.

Read/Write Heads and Disks

Data is recorded on a 95mm diameter disk using Metal In Gap (MIG) composite heads.

The ST31081A contains:

• two disk with four data surfaces

• four read/write heads

The ST31621A contains:

• three disk with six data surfaces

• six read/write heads

At power-down, the heads are automatically retracted to the inner diameter of the disk and are latched and parked on a landing zone that is separate from the data tracks.

Page 2 ST31081A/ST31621A

Overview of the Drives Chapter 1



Figure 1-1 Hard Drive Components (ST31081A)

Filter

Top Cover

Gasket

Disk Clamp

Preamplifier/ Flex Circuit

Disk (1 of 2)

Assembly

Disk Spacer

Spindle Motor

Base Assembly

Rotary Actuator / Head-Stack Assembly

Actuator Magnet Assembly

850A_1_2

Printed Circuit Board Assembly Shield

Printed Circuit Board Assembly

Technical Reference Manual Page 3

Chapter 1 Overview of the Drives

Electrical Design Features

Data and Power Connections

The drive has a single 40-pin data connector, as well as an auxiliary connector which is reserved for factory or engineering evaluation use.

Electrical power is supplied to the drive using an industry standard 4-pin power connector.

The drive also has a jumper block which can be set to specify drive operational parameters. For more information on the drive’s connectors and on setting jumpers, refer to chapters 3 and 4.

Preamplifier

A single integrated circuit (IC) is mounted within the head disk assembly, in close proximity to the read/write heads. The IC provides head selection, read pre-amplification, and write drive circuitry.

Firmware

Circuit Board

The drive’s microprocessor-controlled circuit board provides the remaining electronic functions, which include:

• read/write circuitry

• rotary actuator control

• interface control

• spin speed control

• auto-park

• power management

The drive’s firmware includes a command set which the host uses to control the drive. The command set allows the host to request the following types of actions:

• report drive status

• seek a specific point on the disk

• read and write data

For more information on the drive’s command set, refer to chapters 6 and 7.

Page 4 ST31081A/ST31621A

Specifications

Specifications In This Chapter

This chapter defines the following specifications for the drive:

• drive capacity

• physical configuration

• performance characteristics

• read/write characteristics

• reliability

• power requirements

• environmental tolerances

• safety standards

• physical characteristics

Technical Reference Manual Page 5

Chapter 2 Specifications

Drive Capacity

Formatted Capacity:

• ST31081A: 1081.6MB

• ST31621A: 1621.9MB

* 1MB = 1 x 106 bytes

Physical Configuration

Specification ST31081A: ST31621A:

Disk Type Head Type Actuator Type Number of Disks Data Surfaces Data Heads Servo Tracks per Surface Buffer Size Track Density Formatted Track Capacity Bytes per Block Blocks per Drive Sectors per Track (User) Translate

* Refer to chapter 3 for a definition of Universal Translate Mode

Sputtered Thin Film Sputtered Thin Film MIG MIG Rotary Voice Coil Rotary Voice Coil 23 46 46 Embedded Embedded 3919 3919 64KB 64KB 4100 tpi 4100 tpi 45,568-86,528 bytes 45,568-86,528 bytes 512 512 2,113,776 3,171,168 89 -169 89 -169 Universal Universal

Page 6 ST31081A/ST31621A

Specifications Chapter 2

Performance Characteristics

Seek Times (typical)* :

• Track to track: 3.0 ms

• Average: 14 ms **

• Maximum: 28 ms

• The timing is measured through the interface with the drive operating at nominal DC input voltage and nominal operating temperature. The timing also assumes that:

• BIOS and PC system hardware dependency have been subtracted from timing measurements

• the drive is operated using its native drive parameters

• the controller overhead is the time it takes to assert +HOST IRQ after the host writes the

command register with a READ instruction, for the case where the data already resides in the buffer

** The average seek time is determined by averaging the seek time for a minimum of 1000 seeks of

random length over the surface of the disk.

Average Latency:

• 8.3 ms

Rotation Speed:

• 3600 RPM (+

0.25%)

Controller Overhead:

• <1.0ms

Start Time at Power-Up: *

• 0 RPM to 3600 RPM

- Typical: 6 seconds

- Maximum: 10 seconds

• 0 RPM to Ready

- Typical: 8 seconds

- Maximum: 16 seconds

* These numbers assume spin recovery is not invoked. If spin recovery is invoked, the maximum

could be 40 seconds. Briefly removing power can lead to spin recovery being invoked.

Stop Time at Power-Down:

• Typical: 15 seconds

• Maximum: 20 seconds

Interleave:

• 1:1

Technical Reference Manual Page 7

Chapter 2 Specifications

Read/Write Characteristics

Interface:

• Task File

Recording Method:

• 1 of 7 RLL code

Recording Density (ID):

• 93,000 bits per inch

Flux Density (ID):

• 70,000 flux reversals per inch

Data Transfer Rate:

• To/From Media: 29.2 - 54.7 Mb/second

• To/From Host: PIO Mode 4 (16.7 MB/second) or Multiword DMA Mode 2

Reliability

Data Reliability:

• < 1 non-recoverable error in 10

Component Design Life:

• 5 years

Start/Stop Cycles:

• 40,000 minimum

Mean Time Between Failures:

• 300,000 power-on hours

Mean Time to Repair:

• 10 minutes typical

Preventive Maintenance:

• none

bits read

Page 8 ST31081A/ST31621A

Specifications Chapter 2

Power Requirements

+5 Volts

Mode: *

Read/Write Seek/Rd/Wr Idle Standby Sleep Spin-Up

* Refer to chapter 3 for the definitions of the modes. Spin-Up Mode current draw is for 7 seconds,

maximum. Maximum power is when the supply voltage is at the worst case condition.

(typical):

430 mA 150 mA 3.5 W 4.0 W 200 mA 240 mA 3.9 W 4.5 W 370 mA 125 mA 3.0 W 3.0 W 190 mA 0 mA 0.5 W <1.0 W 500 mA 0 mA 0.5 W <1.0 W 500 mA 1100 mA N/A N/A

+12 Volts (typical):

Watts (typical):

(maximum):

Minimum/Maximum Voltage:

• +5V: +

• +12V: +

Maximum Peak-to-Peak Noise Allowed (DC to 1 MHz, with equivalent

resistive load):

• +5V: 2%

• +12V: 1%

Environmental Tolerances

Temperature:

• Operating: 5° to 55° C

• Non-operating: -40° to 60° C

• Thermal Gradient: 20

Relative Humidity (non-condensing):

• Operating: 8 to 80%

• Non-operating: 8 to 80%

• Wet Bulb: 28.9

Altitude (relative to sea level):

• Operating: -200 to 10,000 feet

• Non-operating:-200 to 40,000 feet (maximum)

• Altitude Gradient: 1,000 feet/minute

Shock (half-sine pulse, 11 ms duration):

• Operating: 5G without non-recoverable errors

• Non-operating: 75G without non-recoverable errors

C per hour maximum

C maximum

Technical Reference Manual Page 9

Chapter 2 Specifications

Vibration (swept-sine, one octave per minute):

• Operating

− 5 - 22 Hz: 0.020 inch displacement; double amplitude, 1 octave per minute.

− 23 - 400 Hz: 0.5G peak without non-recoverable errors

• Non-operating

− 5 - 22 Hz: 0.20 inch displacement; double amplitude, 1 octave per minute

− 23 - 400 Hz: 5G peak

Magnetic Field:

• The disk drive will meet its specified performance while operating in the presence of an externally-produced magnetic field under the following conditions:

Field Frequency Intensity DC

to 700 Khz 700 Khz to 1.5 Mhz

Acoustic Noise:

• The sound power level measured based on ISO 7779 will not exceed 4.0 Bel

in Idle Mode.

Product Test Standards

The drive is designed to comply with relevant product safety standards, including:

• UL 478, 5th edition, Standard for Safety of Information Processing and

Business Equipment

• UL 1950, Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

• CSA 22.2 #220, Information Processing and Business Equipment

• CSA 22.2 #950, Safety of Information Technology Equipment

6 gauss 7 milligauss 3 milligauss

• IEC 380, Safety of Electrically Energized Office Machines

• IEC 950, Safety of information Technology Equipment Including Electrical

Business Equipment

• VDE 0805, VDE 0805 TIEL 100, and VDE 0806

The drive has been tested for compliance with FCC Class B, Part 15, Subpart J

The drive has been tested to be compatible with EMC directive 89/336/EEC.

Page 10 ST31081A/ST31621A

Specifications Chapter 2

Physical Characteristics

Height:

• 1.0 inch +

.030

Width:

• 4.0 inches +

.020

Figure 2-1 The Drive’s Physical Dimensions

1.00 + .030

Depth:

• 5.75 inches + .020

Weight:

• 1.25 pounds (ST31080A).

• 1.3 pounds (ST31651A)

.795 + .015

3.095 + .030

.178 + .025

.119 + .022

4X 6-32 UNC-2B .22 MAX. INSERTION

6X 6-32 UNC-2B .16 MAX. INSERTION

.250 + .010

CFS850A_2_1

4.000 + .0035

2.363 + .0035

.630 + .0035

5.75 + .020

.234 + .005

.125 + .005

3.750 + .005

4.00 + .020

3.425 + .015

1.750 + .005

2.375 + .005

.184 + .025

Technical Reference Manual Page 11

Chapter 2 Specifications

Page 12 ST31081A/ST31621A

How the Drive Operates

Functions of the Drive

This chapter describes certain operational aspects of the drive, including discussions of:

• drive operational modes

• error correction

• Universal Translate Mode

• master/slave configurations

Drive Operational Modes

The drive operates in the following modes:

• Read/Write Mode occurs when data is read from or written to the disk.

• Seek/Rd/Wr Mode occurs when the drive is operated in a random seeking read/write mode with a 30% seek duty cycle.

• Idle Mode occurs when the drive is not reading, writing, or seeking. The motor is up to speed and the Drive Ready condition exists. The actuator is residing on the last-accessed track.

Error Correction

• Standby Mode occurs when the motor is stopped and the actuator is parked. Standby Mode occurs after a programmable time-out since the last host access occurs. The drive will leave Standby Mode upon receipt of a command which requires disk access, or upon receipt of a spin-up command.

• Sleep Mode occurs when all electronics are disabled. The host is required to issue a Reset command to exit the Sleep Mode.

• Spin-Up Mode occurs while the drive is spun up to speed after being powered on or after exiting Standby or Sleep Mode.

The drive uses a Reed-Solomon code to perform error detection and correction. For each 512-byte block, the software error correction polynomial is capable of correcting:

• one error burst up to 41 bits

• two error bursts up to 17 bits each

Single bursts of 11 bits or less are corrected on the fly (OTF) with no performance degradation.

Technical Reference Manual Page 13

Chapter 3 How the Drive Operates

No. of

Sectors:

Universal Translate Mode

Seagate has established a Universal Translate Mode which enables you to configure the drive in an AT environment to any cylinder, head, and sector configuration desired. The translate configuration is limited by the maximum capacity of the drive and host system parameters. Upon initial power-up of the drive, it will default to the configuration shown below:

No. of

Drive:

Cylinders:

No. of Heads

ST31081A ST31621A

After the drive is ready, the host system may issue an Initialize Device Parameters command (command code 91

configuration (number of heads and number of sectors per track). The drive will then calculate the total number of available logical cylinders based upon the values contained in the Sector Count and Drive/Head registers.

Master/Slave Configuration

When two drives are daisy-chained on the host interface, one must be designated as the master drive (C: drive) and one as the slave drive (D: drive). Commands from the host are written in parallel to both drives.

When the C/D jumper on the drive is closed, the drive will assume the role of a master. When C/D is open, the drive will act as a slave. In single-drive configurations, C/D must remain in the closed (master) position. For more information on setting the C/D jumper, refer to chapter 4.

For each command sent from the host, the DRV bit in the Device/Head register selects the master or the slave drive. When the DRV bit is reset (0), the master drive is selected, and when the DRV bit is set (1), the slave drive is selected.

2097 16 3146 16

hex) to alter the translate

Once the drives receive the command, only the drive with jumper C/D set to the appropriate position will execute the command. For example, if the DRV bit is set, only the slave drive (jumper C/D open) will execute the command.

☞☞ Note: If the command is a diagnostic command, both drives will execute the command and the slave

will report its status to the master via the Host PDIAG signal.

Throughout this manual, drive selection always refers to the state of the DRV bit and the position of the C/D jumper.

Page 14 ST31081A/ST31621A

How the Drive Operates Chapter 3

Cable Select

This optional method of drive Master/Slave designation can be enabled by jumper selection as described in Chapter 4. If used, special cabling can be used to selectively ground CSEL of the drive intended to be drive C (0). This drive will then function as the Master. If CSEL is allowed to float the drive will recognize itself as drive D (1) and function as the Slave.

Technical Reference Manual Page 15

Chapter 3 How the Drive Operates

Page 16 ST31081A/ST31621A

Installing the Drive

Take These Precautions

Installing the Drive

To install the drive, you must:

To protect your equipment from electrostatic damage, perform the installation at a static-safe workstation. If one is not available, follow these guidelines:

1. Work in an uncarpeted area.

2. Before removing the equipment from its anti-static bag, discharge static electricity by touching your computer's metal chassis (or any other grounded object) while touching the anti-static bag.

3. Do not touch circuit boards unless instructed to do so.

0170

• set the drive’s jumpers, if desired

• attach a data cable to the drive

• attach power to the drive

• mount the drive

Technical Reference Manual Page 17

Chapter 4 Installing the Drive

Setting the Drive’s Jumpers

Figure 4-1 shows you how to access the drive’s jumpers.

Figure 4-1 Jumper Locations

C/D

Jumper

Cable Select

Master/Standalone

C/D

Jumper

Slave

C/D

No Jumpers

Master or Slave

C/D

Jumper

Here is how you can set these jumpers. Pins described as “reserved” should not be used.

Pins: Signal: Description

1 and 2

C/D

Open: Drive will act as slave. Closed: Drive will act as master.

3 and 4 5 and 6

N/C Reserved CS

Open: Cable select option disabled closed: Cable Select enabled

When using C/S option, the C/D

Note: 7 to 18

N/A Reserved

jumper must be open

Page 18 ST31081A/ST31621A

Installing the Drive Chapter 4

Technical Reference Manual Page 19

+ 65 hidden pages