seagate ST118202FC Installation guide
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Cheetah 18FC Disc Drive
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ST118202FC
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Product Manual, Volume 1
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Cheetah 18FC Disc Drive
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ST118202FC
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Product Manual, Volume 1
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© 1997, 1998 Seagat e Technology, Inc. All rights reserved
November 1998
Publication number: 83329330, Rev. C
Seagate , Seagate Technology, and the Seagate logo are registered trademarks of Seagate T echnology, Inc. Cheetah, SeaFAX, SeaFONE, SeaBOARD, and SeaTDD are either trademarks or
registered trademarks of Seagate Technology, Inc. or one of its subsidiaries. All other trademarks
or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from
Seagate Technology, Inc.
Printed in the United States of America
Revision status summary sheet
Revision Date Writer/Engineer Sheets Affected
A 06/15/98 L. Newman/P. Kassel All
B 07/24/98 L. Newman/P. Kassel 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 19, 23, 30, 38, 34, 41,
C 11/5/98 L. Newman/P. Kassel 7, 13, 14, 17, 23, 30, 53, 55, 56, and 57.
44, 46, 49, and 52.
Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C v
Contents
1.0 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Reference documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.0 General descr iption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 Media description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.5 Unformatted and formatted capacit ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.6 Factory-installed accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.7 Factory-installed options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.8 User-installed accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.0 Performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1 Internal drive characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2 Seek performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.1 Access time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.2 Format command execution time for ≥ 512-byte sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.3 General performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3 Start/stop time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.5 Cache operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
4.5.1 Caching write data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.0 Reliability specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1 Error rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1.1 Environmental interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1.2 Interface errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1.3 Write errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1.4 Seek errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.2 S.M.A.R.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.3 Reliability and service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
5.3.1 Mean time between failure (MTBF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.3.2 Field failure rate vs time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3.3 Preve ntive maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3.4 Service life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3.5 Service philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3.6 Service tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3.7 Product warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3.8 Hot plugging the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.0 Physical/electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.1 AC power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2 DC power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2.1 Conduct ed noise immu nit y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.2.2 Power seq uencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.2.3 Current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.3 Power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.4 Environmental limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.4.1 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.4.2 Relative humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.4.3 Effective altitude (sea level reference) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.4.4 Shock and vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.4.5 Air cleanliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
vi Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C
6.5 Electromagnetic susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.6 Mechanical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.7 Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
7.0 Defect and error management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
7.1 Drive internal defects/errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
7.2 Drive error recovery procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
7.3 FC-AL system errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
8.0 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
8.1 Drive ID/option selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
8.2 LED connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
8.2.1 J6 connector requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
8.3 Drive orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
8.4 Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
8.4.1 Air flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
8.5 Drive mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
8.6 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
9.0 Interface requiremen ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
9.1 FC-AL features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
9.1.1 Fibre Channel link service frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
9.1.2 Fibre Channel task m anagem ent functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
9.1.3 Fibre Channel task m anagem ent respo nses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
9.1.4 Fibre Channel port login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
9.1.5 Fibre Channel port login accept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
9.1.6 Fibre Channel Process Logi n (PRLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
9.1.7 Fibre Channel Process Accep t (ACC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
9.1.8 Fibre Channel fabric login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
9.1.9 Fibre Channel fabric accept login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
9.1.10 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
9.2 Dual port support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
9.3 SCSI commands supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
9.3.1 Inquiry data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
9.3.2 Mode Sense data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
9.4 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
9.5 FC-AL physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
9.5.1 Physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
9.5.2 Connector requirem ents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
9.5.3 Electrical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
9.5.4 Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
9.5.5 FC-AL transmitters and receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
9.5.6 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
9.5.7 Fault LED Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
9.5.8 Active LED Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
9.5.9 Enable port bypa ss signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
9.5.10 Motor start controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
9.5.11 SEL_6 through SEL_0 ID lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
9.6 Signal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
9.6.1 TTL input characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
9.6.2 LED driver signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
9.6.3 Differential PECL output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
9.6.4 Differentia l PECL input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
10.0 Seagate Technology support services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C vii
List of Figures
Figure 1. Cheetah 18FC family disc drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Figure 2. Cheetah 18FC disc drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 3. Typical Cheetah 18FC drive +12V current profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Figure 4. Mounting configuration dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 5. Physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 6. LED indicator connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 7. Air flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 8. PCBA temperature measurement locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 9. HDA case temperature measurement location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 10. Physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Figure 11. Port bypass circuit physical interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Figure 12. FC-AL SCA device connector dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Figure 13. J6 connector dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Figure 14. FC-AL transmitters and receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Figure 15. Transmit eye diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Figure 16. Receive eye diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C 1
1.0 Scope
This manual describes Seagate® Cheetah 18FC (Fibre Channel) disc drives.
Cheetah 18FC dr ives suppor t the Fibre Chann el Arbitrated Loo p and SCSI Fib re Channel Protocol s pecifica-
tions to the extent described in this manual. The
describes the general Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop characteri stics of this and other Seagate Fibre Channel
drives.
Fibre Channel Interface Manual
(part number 77767496)
Figure 1.
Cheetah 18FC
family disc drive
Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C 3
2.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation
The drive has been developed as a system peripheral to the highest standards of design and construction. The
drive depends upon its hos t equipment to provide adeq uate power and environment in order to a chieve optimum performance and compliance with applicable industry a nd governmental regulations. Special attention
must be given in the areas of safety, power distribution, shielding, audible noise control, and temperature regulation. In par ticular, the drive must be securely m ount ed in o rder to guarante e th e spec ified pe rformanc e characteristics. Mounting by bottom holes must meet the requirements of Section 8.5.
2.1 Standards
The Cheetah 18FC family complies with Seagate standards as noted in the appropriate sections of this manual
and the Seagate
The Cheetah 18FC disc drive is a UL recognized component per UL1950, CSA certified to CAN/CSA C22.2
No. 950-95, and VDE certified to VDE 0805 and EN60950.
2.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility
The drive, as delivered, is designed f or system integration and installation into a suitable enclosure prior to use.
As such the drive is supplied as a subassembly and is not subjec t to Subpart B of Part 15 of the FCC Rules
and Regulations nor the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
The design characteristics of the drive serve to minimize radiation when installed in an enclosure that provides
reasonable shielding. As such, the drive is capable of meeting the Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications when properly packaged. However, it is the user’s
responsibility to assure that the drive meets the appropriate EMI requirements in their system. Shielded I/O
cables may be required if the enclosure do es not provide adeq uate shielding. If the I /O cables are extern al to
the enclosure, shielded cables should be used, with the shields grounded to the enclosure and to the host controller.
Fibre Channel Interface Manual
, part number 77767496.
2.1.1.1 Electromagnetic susceptibility
As a component assem bly, the drive is not required to me et any suscep tibility perform ance requi rements. It is
the responsibility of those integrating the dri ve within their systems to perform t hose t ests req uired a nd des i gn
their system to ensure that equipm ent operating in the same system as the drive or external to the system
does not adversely affect the performance of the dr ive. See Section 5.1.1 on page 13 and Table 1, DC power
requirements, on page 19.
Electromagnetic compliance
Seagate uses an independ ent laboratory to confirm compliance with the directives/standards for CE Marking
and C-Tick Marking. The drive was tested in a representative system for typical applications. The selected system represents the most popular characteristics for test platforms. The system configurations include:
• 486, Pentium, and PowerPC microprocessors
• 3.5-inch floppy disc drive
• Keyboard
• Monitor/display
• Printer
• External modem
•Mouse
Although the test system with this Seagate model complies with the directives/standards, we cannot guarantee
that all systems will comply. The computer manufacturer or system integrator shall confirm EMC compliance
and provide the appropriate marking for their product.
Electromagnetic compliance for the European Union
If this model has the CE Marking it complies with the European Union requirements of the Electromagnet ic
Compatibility Directive 89/336/EEC of 03 M ay 198 9 as amended by Directive 92/31/EEC of 28 April 1992 a nd
Directive 93/68/EEC of 22 July 1993.
4 Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C
Australian C-Ti ck
If this model has the C-Tick Marking it complies with the Australia/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS3548 1995
and meets the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of Australia’s Spectrum Management Agency (SMA).
2.2 Reference documents
Cheetah 18FC Installation Guide
Seagate part number: 83329250
Fibre Channel Interface Manual
Seagate part number: 77767496
ANSI Fibre Channel Documents
X3.230-1994 FC Physical and Signaling Interface (FC-PH)
X3.297.1997 FC-PH-2 Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface-2
X3.303.199X FC-PH-3 Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface-3
X3.272-1996 FC Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)
X3.269-1996 Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI (FCP)
NCITIS TR-19 Private Loop SCSI Direct Attach
NCITIS TR-20 Fabric Loop Attachment (FC-FLA)
SFF-8045 Specification for 40-pin SCA-2 Connector with Parallel Selection.
SFF-8067 Specification for 40-pin SCA-2 Connector with Bidirectional Enclosure Services
Interface.
ANSI Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Documents
X3.131-1994 (SCSI-2)
X3.270-199X (SCSI-3) Architecture Model
X3.XXX-199 X (SCSI-3) En cl o s u re Services
30553-001 Specification for Acoustic Test Requirements and Procedures
In case of conflict between this document and any referenced document, this document takes precedence.
Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C 5
3.0 General description
CheetahTM 18FC drives are random acc ess storage devices designed to suppor t the F ibre Channel Arbitrated
Loop (FC-AL) and SCSI Fibre Channel Protocol as de scribed in the A NSI specifications, this docum ent, and
Fibre Channel Interface Manual
the
istics of this drive. ST118202FC drives are classified as intelligent peripherals and provide level 2 conformance
(highest level) with the ANSI SCSI-1 standard.
You can view the Fibre Channel interface simply as a transport vehicle for the supported command set
(ST118202FC drives use the S CSI command set). In fact, the Fibre C hannel interface is unaware of the c ontent or meaning of the information being transported. It simply packs the SCSI commands in frames, transports
them to the appropriate devices, and provides error checking to ensure that the information reaches its destination accurately. Refer to the documents referenced in Section 2.2 if you require additional information about the
Fibre Channel interface, FC-AL topology, or the SCSI fibre channel protocol.
The head and disc as sembly (HDA) is environmentally sealed at the factory. Air recirculates within the HDA
through a non-replaceable filter to maintain a contamination-free HDA environment.
See Figure 2 for an exploded view of the drive. Never disassemble the HDA. This exploded view is for information only. Do not attempt to service items in the sealed enclosure (heads, media, actuator, etc.) as this requires
special facilities. The drive contains no parts replaceable by the user and opening the HDA for any reason
voids your warranty.
(part number 7776 7496) which descr ibes the general interface character-
Figure 2. Cheetah 18FC disc drive
Cheetah 18FC
bility of destroying or degrading data by landing in the data zone. The heads automatically go to the landing
zone when power is removed from the drive.
An automatic shipping lock prevents potential damage to the heads and discs that results from movement during shipping and handling. The shipping lock disen gages and the head load process begins when power is
applied to the drive.
The drives also use a high-performance actuator assembly design that provides excellent performance with
minimum power dissipation.
drives use a dedicated landing zone at the innermost radius of the media to eliminate the possi-
6 Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C
3.1 Standard features
Cheetah 18FC
drives have the following standard features:
• Integrated dual port FC-AL controller
• Concurrent dual port transfers
• Support for FC arbitrated loop, private and public loop attachment
• Differential copper FC drivers and receivers
• Downloadable firmware using the FC-AL interface
• Drive selection ID and configuration options are set on the FC-AL backpanel or through interface commands. Jumpers are not used on the drive.
• Fibre Channel worldwide name uniquely identifies the drive and each por t
• User-selectable logical block size (512 to 4,096 bytes per logical block)
• Selectable frame sizes from 128 to 2,112 bytes
• Industry standard 3.5-inch half-high form factor dimensions
• Programmable logical block reallocation scheme
• Flawed logical block reallocation at format time
• Programmable auto write and read reallocation
• Reed-Solomon error correction code
• Sealed head and disc assembly (HDA)
• No preventive maintenance or adjustments required
• Dedicated head landing zone
• Automatic shipping lock
• Embedded Grey Code track address to eliminate seek errors
• Self-diagnostics performed at power on
• 1:1 interleave
• Zone bit recording (ZBR)
• Vertical, horizontal, or top down mounting
• Dynamic spindle brake
• 1,024 Kbyte data buffer (see Section 4.5)
• Embedded servo design
• Supports SC SI enclosure services via interface connector
• 128-deep task set (queue)
• Supports up to 32 initiators
• Reallocation of defects on command (Post Format)
• Fibre Channel interface transports SCSI protocol
• Supports SC SI Enclosu re Ser vices through the interface connector
3.2 Media description
The media used on the drive has a diameter of approximately 95 mm (approximately 3.7 inches). The alum inum substrate is coated with a thin film ma gnetic material, overcoated with a proprietary p rotective layer for
improved durability and environmental protection.
3.3 Performance
• Programmable multi-segmentable cache buffer
• 106 Mbytes/sec maximum instantaneous dat a transfers per port.
• 10,025 RPM spindle; average latency = 2.99 msec
• Command queuing of up to 128 commands
• Background processing of queue
• Supports start and stop commands
Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C 7
3.4 Reliability
• 1,000,000 hour MTBF
• LSI circuitry
• Balanced low mass rotary voice coil actuator
• Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Tec hnol ogy (S.M.A.R.T.)
• Dithering
3.5 Unformatted a n d formatted capacities
Standard OEM models are formatted to 512 bytes per block. You can order other capacities by requesting a different sparing scheme and logical block size.
The standard OEM model capacities are listed below .
Formatted Unformatted
ST118202FC 18.2 Gbytes 22.54 Gbytes
Users having the necessary equipment may modify the data block size before issuing a format command and
obtain different formatted capacities than those listed. Th e ST118202FC uses a zone sparing scheme. The
drive is divided into frequency zones with a variable number of spares in each zone.
3.6 Factory-installed accessories
OEM standard drives are shipped with the
Cheetah 18FC Installation Guide
(part number 83329250).
3.7 Factory-installed options
You may order the following items which are incorporated at the manufacturing facility during production or
packaged before shipping:
• Single-unit shipping pack. The drive is normally shipped in bulk packaging to provide maximum protection
against transit damage. Units shipped individually require additional protection as provided by the single unit
shipping pack. Users planning single unit distribution should specify this option.
3.8 User-installed accessories
The following accessories are available. All kits may be installed in the field.
• Evaluation kit, part number 73473641.
This kit provides an adapter card (“T-card”) to allow cable connections for two FC ports and DC power. Two
twin axial cables, 6 feet in length, are included for the input and output connections to the FC interface.
Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C 9
4.0 Performance characteristics
This section provides detailed information concerning performance-related characteristics and features of
Cheetah 18FC drives.
4.1 Internal drive characteristics
ST118202FC
Drive capacity 22.54 ........................ Gbytes (unformatted)
18.2 .......................... Gbytes (formatted with 512-byte logical blocks)
Read/write data heads 24
Bytes per track 104,840 - 159,008....Bytes (average, unformatted)
Bytes per surface 939 ........................... Mbytes (unformatted)
Cylinders/ tracks per su rface 6,962 ............ ............Tracks (user accessible)
Tracks per inch 8,962 ........................ TPI
Internal data rate 152-231....................Mbits/sec (v ariable with z one)
Disc rotation speed 10,025 ......................rpm (+
Avg ro tat ional latency 2.99 .............. ........... .msec
4.2 Seek performance characteristics
0.5% )
See Section 9.5, “FC-A L p hysical interface” on page 46 and the
Fibre Channel Interface Manual
(part num ber
77767496) for additional timing details.
4.2.1 Access time
Including controller overhead
Read Write
Av erage Typical
Single track Typical
Full stroke Typical
1. Execution time meas ured from receipt of the comman d to the FCP Response.
2. Assumes no errors and no sector has been relocate d.
3. Typical access times are measured under nominal conditions of temperature, voltage, and horizontal orientation as
measured on a representative sample of drives.
4. Access time = contro ll er overhead + average seek ti me .
Access to data = contr oller overhead + average seek time + latency time.
3,4
3,4
3,4
6.0 6.8
0.8 1.1
<12.2 <13.2
1, 2
(msec)
4.2.2 Format command execution time for ≥ 512-byte sectors
ST118202FC
Maximum (with verify) 60 minutes
Maximum (without verify) 30 minutes
10 Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C
4.2.3 General performance characteristics
ST118202FC
Minimum sector interleave 1 to 1
Data buffer to/from disc media (one 512-byte logical block)*
Minimum 19.0 MBytes/sec
Average 23.9 MBytes/sec
Maximum 28.9 MBytes/sec
Fibre Channel Interface maximum instantaneous transfer rate 106 Mbytes/sec*per port
(dual port = 212 Mbytes/sec*)
Logical block size s
Default i s 512-byte data blocks
Variable 512 to 4,096 bytes per sector in multiples of 4 bytes.
Read/write consecu ti ve sectors on a track
Overhead time for head switch in sequential mode
Overhead time for one track cylinder switch in sequential mode
Av erage rotational latency
*Assumes no errors and no rel ocated logical blocks. Rate measured from the start of the first logical bloc k transfer to or
from the host.
Yes
0.8 msec
1.2 msec (typical)
2.99 msec
4.3 S tar t/st op time
If the Motor Start option is disabled, the drive becomes ready within 30 seconds after DC power is applied. If a
recoverable error condition is detected during the start sequence, the drive executes a recovery procedure and
the time to become ready may exceed 30 seconds. During the star t sequence, the drive responds to some
commands over the FC-AL interface. Stop time is less than 30 seconds (maximum) from removal of DC power.
If the Motor Start option is enabled, the internal controller accepts the commands listed in the
Interface Manual
less than 3 seconds aft er DC power has been applied. A fter the Motor Star t command has
Fibre Channel
been received, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery
procedure). The Motor Start command can also be used to comman d the drive to stop the spindle.
There is no power control switch on the drive.
4.4 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control
The drive provides a prefetch/multi-segmented cache algorithm that in many cases can en hance system performance. To sel ec t this feature the host s ends the Mode Selec t comm and with t he proper values in the applicable bytes in page 08h. Default is prefetch and read cache enabled.
If the Prefetch feature is enabled, data in contiguous logical blocks on the disc i mmediately beyond that which
was requested by a Read command are retrieved and stored in the buffer for immediate transfer from the buffer
to the host on subs eque nt Read commands tha t reques t t hos e lo gical blocks (this is t rue even if cache operation is disabled). To enable Prefetch, use Mode Select page 08h, byte 12, bit 5 (Disable Read Ahead - DRA
bit). DRA bit = 0 enables prefetch.
Since data that is prefetched replaces data already in some buffer segments, the host can limit the amount of
prefetch data to optimize system performance. The Max Prefetch field (bytes 8 and 9) limits the amount of
prefetch. The drive does not use the Prefetch Ceiling field (bytes 10 and 11).
Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C 11
4.5 Cache operation Note. Refer to the
Of the 1,024 Kbytes physical buffer space in the drive, 967.5 Kbytes can be u sed as a cache. The cac he can
be divided into logical segments from which data is read and to which data is written.
The drive keeps track of the logical block addresses of the data stored in each segment of the cache. If the
cache is enabled (see RCD bit in the
command is retriev ed from the cache, if possible, before any disc access is initiated. Data in contiguous logical
blocks immediately beyond that requested by the Read command c an b e retr ieved and stored in the cac he for
immediate transfer to the initiator on subsequent read commands. This is referred to as the prefetch operation.
Since data that is prefetched may replace data already in the cach e segm ent , an i nit iator can l im it the am ount
of prefetch data to optimize system performance. The drive never prefetches more sectors than the number
specified in bytes 8 and 9 of M ode page 08h. If t he cache is not enabl ed, 967.5 Kbytes of the buffer are used as
a circular buffer for read/writes, with no prefetch operation and no segmented cache operation.
The following is a simplified description of the prefetch/cache operation:
Case A—read command is received and the first logical block is already in cache:
1. Drive transfers to the initiator the first logical block requested plus all subsequent contiguous logical blocks
that are already in the cache. This data may be in multiple segments.
2. When a requested logical block is reached tha t is not in a ny segment , the drive fetches it and any remain-
ing requested logical block addresses from the disc and puts them in a segm ent of the cache. The dr ive
transfers the remaining requested logical blocks from the cache to the initiator in accordance with the
“buffer-full” ratio specification given in Mode Select Disconnect/Reconnect parameters, page 02h.
3. The drive prefetches additional logical blocks contiguous to those transferred in step 2 above and stores
them in the segme nt. The drive stops filling the segment when the maximum p refetch value has been
transferred.
Fibre Channel Interface Manual
Fibre Channel Interface Manual
for more detail concerning the cache bits.
), data requested by the host with a read
Case B—read comman d is recei ved and the fi rst logical block addres s re queste d is n ot in any segm ent of the
cache.
1. The drive fetches the requested logical blocks from the disc a nd transfers them into a segment, and th en
from there to the initiator in accordance with t he “buffer-full” ratio specification given in Mode Select Disconnect/Reconnect parameters, page 02h.
2. The drive prefetches additional logical blocks contiguous to those transferred in Case A, step 2 above and
stores th em in the segm ent. The drive s tops filling the segment wh en the maximum prefetch value has
been transferred.
During a prefetch, the drive crosses a cylind er bound ary to fetch data only if the Dis continuity (DISC) bit is s et
to 1 in bit 4 of byte 2 of the Mode Select parameters page 08h. Default is zero for bit 4.
Each cache segment is actually a self-contained circul ar buffer whose length is an integer number of logical
blocks. The wrap-around capability of the individual segments greatly enhances the cache’s overall performance, allowing a wide range of user-selectable configurations. The drive suppor ts operation of any integer
number of segments f rom 1 to 16. Divide th e 9 67.5 K bytes in the buffer by the number of segments t o get the
segment size. Default is 3 segments.
Note. The size of each segment is not reported by Mode Sense c ommand page 08h, bytes 14 and 15. The
value 0XFFFF is always reported regardl es s of the ac tual size of the segment. Sending a size s pecification using the Mode Select command (bytes 14 and 15) does not set up a new segment size. If the
STRICT bit in Mode page 00h (byte 2, bit 1) is set to one, the drive responds as it does for any attempt
to change an unchangeable parameter.
12 Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C
4.5.1 Caching write data
Write caching is a write operation by the drive that makes use of a drive buffer storage area where the dat a to
be written to the medium is stored while the drive performs the Write command.
Write caching is enabled independently of read caching. Wr ite caching is enabled by default. To disable the
write cache, use the Write Caching Enable (WCE) bit.
For write caching, the same buffer space and segmentation is used as set up for read functions. When a write
command is issued , the cache is first checked to see if a ny logical blocks that are to be written are al ready
stored in the cache from a previous read or wr ite command. If there are, the respective cache segm ents are
cleared. The new data is cached for subsequent read commands.
If a 10-byte CDB Write command (2Ah) is issued with the data page out (DPO) bit set to 1, no write data is
cached, but the cache segm ents are s till checked and cleared, if need be, for any logical blocks that are bei ng
written.
If the number of write data logical blocks exceeds the size of the segment being written into when the end of
the segment is reached, the data is written into the beginning of the same cache segment, overwriting the data
that was written there at the beginning of the operation. Howev er, the drive does not overwrite data that has not
yet been written to the medium.
Cheetah 18FC Product Manual, Rev. C 13
5.0 Reliability specifications
The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interface, including all interface timings, power supply voltages, and environmental requirements.
Seek error rate:
Recoverable media error rate
Less than 10 errors in 10
Less than 10 errors in 10
(using OEM default settings):
Unrecovered media data:
Miscorrected media data:
Interface error rate:
Less than 1 sector in 10
Less than 1 sector in 10
Less than 1 error in 10
Less than 1 error in 10
See Section 9.6.4, “Differential PECL input.” on page 54
MTBF: 1,000,000 hours
Service life: 5 years
Preventive maintenance: None required
5.1 Error rates
The erro r rates stated in th is manual assume the following:
• The drive is operated in accordance with this manual using DC power as defined in paragraph 6.2, “DC
power requirements.”
• The drive has been formatted with the FC-AL Format command.
• Errors caused by media defects or host system failures are excluded from error rate computations.
8
seeks
12
bits transferred
15
bits transferred
21
bits transferred
12
bits transferred with minimum receive eye.
14
bits transferred with typical receive eye.
5.1.1 Environmental interference
When evaluating systems operation under c onditions of electromagn etic interference (EMI), the performance
of the drive within the system is c onsid ered acceptable if the drive doe s not gene rate a n unrecoverable condition.
An unrecoverable error, or condition, is defined as one that:
• is not detected and corrected by the drive itself
• is not detected from the error or fault status provided through the drive or FC-AL interface
• is not recovered by normal drive or system recovery procedures without operator intervention
5.1.2 Interface errors
An interface error is defined as a failure of the receiver on a port to recover the data as transmitted by the
device port connected to the receiver. The error may be detected as a running disparity error, illegal code, loss
of word sync, or CRC error. Th e total error rate for a loop of devices is the sum of the individual device error
rates.
5.1.3 Write erro rs
Write errors can occur a s a result of media defects, environmental interference, or equipment malfunc tion.
Therefore, write errors are not predictable as a function of the number of bits passed.
If an unrecoverable write error occurs because of an equipment malfunction in the drive, the error is classified
as a failure affecting MTBF. Unrecoverable write errors are those that cannot be corrected w ithin two at tempts
at writing the record with a read verify after each attempt (excluding media defects).
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