Sanyo AMORTON User Manual

Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells / Amorphous Photosensors

2007-11

1 2

The development of the solar cell is progressing with rapid speed.

As a new energy tool which can effectively harness the amazing power of sunlight,

solar cells have the potential to replace fossil fuels as our main means of power generation.

Solar energy is both a clean and inexhaustible resource,

and it can be used to produce electricity wherever and whenever sunlight is available.

Of these technologies, amorphous silicon solar cells have many strengths

that surpass those of the earlier crystalline silicon solar cells.

In addition, they require little energy to manufacture and use less raw materials,

and thus are truly environmentally friendly devices.

This technology also allows larger area cells to be manufactured

and can take advantage of the flexibility of thin film materials,

and they have already been used in a wide range of applications.

SANYO was one of the first companies to focus on amorphous silicon solar cells, and

developed and is now mass producing the Amorton integrated type

amorphous silicon solar cells that feature a new device structure.

Amorphous Crystal

Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells

The Concept Behind Solar Cell Power Generation

Solar cell power is generated using the photovoltaic effect of
semiconductors. When a semiconductor is exposed to a light source
of suitable intensity, a large number of pairs of an electron and a
positive hole are generated as a result of the reciprocal action
between photons and silicon atoms.
At a p/n junction between two different semiconductor materials, the
electrons are diffused in the n-type material and the positive holes
are scattered in the p-type material. They are then collected at both
electrodes respectively, resulting in a voltage difference between the
electrodes.
When an external load is connected, electricity flows through the
load. In this way, an a-Si solar cell converts light energy into
electricity and supplies power to external loads.

Solar cells are classified according to the material employed, i.e., crystal silicon, amorphous silicon,
and compound semiconductor solar cells. "Amorphous" refers to objects having no definite shape and
is defined as non-crystal material.
Unlike crystal silicon, in which atomic arrangements are regular, amorphous silicon features
irregular atomic arrangements as shown in the figures below.
As a result, the reciprocal action between photons and silicon atoms occurs more frequently in
amorphous silicon than in crystal silicon, allowing much more light to be absorbed. Thus, an ultra­thin amorphous silicon film of less than 1μm can be produced and used for power generation. Also, by
utilizing metal or plastics for the substrate, flexible solar cells can be produced.
Amorton is an integrated amorphous silicon solar cell which has been developed by SANYO.
Amorton uses silane (SiH

4) as its source gas and is fabricated using a plasma CVD method.

Three amorphous silicon layers ⎯ p-layer, i-layer, and n-layer ⎯ are formed consecutively on a glass
substrate. This p-i-n junction corresponds to the p/n
junction of a crystal silicon solar cell. In the process of
this junction formation, a number of cells are connected
in series on a substrate at one time. This allows any
desired voltage to be obtained for a variety of
equipment operation.

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+

+

Transparent
electrode

p

i

n
Metal
electrode

Light

Electron
Positive hole

Electric current

Load

Application Examples

3 4

Features of Amorton

The figure shows the relationship
between illumination level and
output. There is an enormous
difference between the
illumination levels indoors and
outdoors. SANYO provides two
types of products, indoor
products for use in the low
illumination levels common in
indoor environments and outdoor
products for the high illumination
levels common outdoors.

■ Solar cells with a variety of voltages can be created

Since, unlike the fabrication technique used with crystalline solar cells in which cells cut apart and then
connected, multiple cells can be connected in series at the same time as the cells are formed, it is easy to
create batteries with a variety of voltages.
(This series connection idea is the same as that used with regular batteries.)

■ Solar cells with a variety of shapes can be created

The methods used to form amorphous films have special features that allow other substrates, such as
stainless steel or plastic films, to be used in place of the usual glass substrate. This means that previously
unknown solar cells, solar cells that are round, square, or any complex shape, or solar cells that can be
bent, can be created.
It is also possible to create areas in these solar cells that consist of just transparent glass by etching.

■ High sensitivity in the visible light region

The human eye is sensitive to light with wavelengths from about 400 nm to 700 nm.
Since amorphous silicon solar cells are sensitive to light with essentially the same wavelengths, in addition
to solar cells, they can also be used as visible light sensors.

■

Relationship between
illumination level and output

Output (current)

comparison

Current

Voltage

Illumination
[lux]

1

100 1000 10000 100000

500

1000

A

B

C

[Example]

A: 1cm

2

: one row of cell

B: 1cm

2

: two rows of cell

C: 2cm

2

: one row of cell

Dining rooms,

coffee shops

Offices,

meeting rooms

Drafting

tables

Rain

Cloudy Bright

Direct sun

Outdoor products

Indoor products

Electronic

calculators

Wristwatches

(Solar watches)

Clocks

Stopwatches

Garden

lights

Sensor

lights

Car

accessories

Battery

chargers

Mobile

equipment such

as cell phones

POP

products

LED

blinkers

(Curbstone

markers)

SANYO can support other applications as well.

Contact your SANYO representative for consultation.

Place used Substrate Feature Reference

Low price (basic substrate)

Thin, light weight, unbreakable, can easily be
formed in arbitrary shapes, highly precise
dimensions

Thin, light weight, unbreakable, can easily be
formed in arbitrary shapes, highly precise
dimensions

Thin, light weight, unbreakable, bendable,
can easily be formed in arbitrary shapes

Thin, light weight, unbreakable, bendable,
can easily be formed in arbitrary shapes

Page 5

Contact your

SANYO

representative.

Contact your

SANYO

representative.

Contact your

SANYO

representative.

Indoors

Outdoors

Visible light

sensor

Glass

Stainless steel

Film

Low price (basic substrate)

Page 5

Page 6

Page 9

Glass

Stainless steel

Film

Contact: The person in charge of Amorton products TEL.[phone]

Support designs with arbitrary sizes and patterns
as required by the application

■

Relationships between number
of rows of the cell and cell area
(Illumination level is constant.)

65

Amorton List (Glass Substrate)

Amorton Film

Amorton Products for Watches

Amorton Film is an exceptionally thin, light and flexible amorphous
silicon solar cell fabricated on plastic film.
In addition to these advantages, Amorton Film is also resistant to
crack. Its standard configuration includes protective film covering
the amorphous silicon solar cell which measures about 0.4mm in
overall thickness.

Specifications

General-Purpose Products

AT-7665 3.0V- 38.6mA 125mW (3.6V- 34.7mA) 3.0V- 17.3mA 58mW (3.6V- 16.2mA) 58.4✕ 56.0✕ 0.4 2

AT-7664 3.0V- 104.0mA 335mW (3.6V- 93.0mA) 3.0V- 46.5mA 156mW (3.6V- 43.3mA) 73.0

✕112.0✕ 0.4 4

AT-7666 3.0V- 343.0mA

1109mW (3.6V- 308.2mA)

3.0V- 154.0mA 517mW (3.6V- 143.6mA) 146.0✕ 167.5✕ 0.4 13

AT-7963 4.5V- 223.0mA

1083mW (5.4V- 200.6mA)

4.5V- 100.0mA 505mW (5.4V- 93.5mA) 146.0✕167.5✕ 0.4 13

AT-7S63 15.0V- 134.0mA

2104mW (16.8V- 125.2mA)

15.0V- 60.5mA 980mW (16.8V- 58.3mA) 292.0✕ 168.0✕ 0.4 25

AT-7S64 15.0V- 269.0mA

4208mW (16.8V- 250.4mA)

15.0V- 121.0mA

1960mW

(16.8V- 116.7mA) 292.0✕336.0✕ 0.4 50

Model

100mW/cm2 SS-50k lux (Initial)

External dimensions (mm) Weight (g)

Pmax (Vop-Iop) Pmax (Vop-Iop)

Typical operating

characteristics (Initial)

Typical operating

characteristics (Initial)

SANYO Amorton products are widely
used in solar watches.
SANYO can provide custom Amorton
products to match the shape of the watch
(watch face characters or special
designs).
SANYO can provide evaluation samples
in each of the different substrates.
Contact your SANYO representative for
consultation.

(At FL-200lux)

Model

Type

Operating electric characteristics (Initial)

External dimensions (mm) Weight (g)

Operating voltage

(V)

Operating current

(μA)

AL-2402 1.5 10.1 φ27.2 ✕ 0.2 0.7

AM-2709 3.0 3.3 φ30.8

✕ 0.7 1.3

AT-2400B 1.5 18.5 26.3

✕ 26.8 0.1

AT-2600B 2.6 11.6 26.3

✕ 26.8 0.1

Specifications (evaluation samples)

Stainless steel

Glass

Film

Film

Light

TCO

a-Si

p

i

n

Grid electrode

Metal electrode

Plastic film substrate

Protective film

Protective film

Amorton Film Configuration

If you require Amorton other than on this list, please consult us.

Stainless steel

Glass Film

1 Indoor products

General-Purpose Products

Specifications

* Glass thickness is 1.1mm.
FL: White fluorescent lamp SS: Solar simulator

2 Outdoor products

Note: The above table shows standard weights without lead. * Glass thickness of ★ marks model is 1.1mm. Glass thickness without ★ marks model is 1.8mm.

FL: White fluorescent lamp SS: Solar simulator

AM-1456 1.5V- 5.3μA 1.4V- 1.30μA 25.0✕10.0 0.7

AM-1411 1.5V- 8.0μA 1.4V- 2.00μA 29.6✕11.8 1.0

AM-1437 1.5V- 8.0μA 1.4V- 2.00μA 29.6✕11.8 1.0

AM-1407 1.5V- 11.5μA 1.4V- 2.85μA 38.0✕12.5 1.3

AM-1417 1.5V- 12.5μA 1.4V- 3.10μA 35.0✕13.9 1.3

AM-1424 1.5V- 20.0μA 1.4V- 5.00μA 53.0✕13.8 2.0

AM-1454 1.5V- 31.0μA 1.4V- 7.75μA 41.6✕26.3 3.0

AM-1513 1.8V- 15.0μA 1.6V- 3.75μA 55.0✕13.5 2.0

AM-1805 3.0V- 15.5μA 2.6V- 3.85μA 55.0✕20.0 3.0

AM-1801 3.0V- 18.5μA 2.6V- 4.60μA 53.0✕25.0 3.6

AM-1815 3.0V- 42.0μA 2.6V- 10.50μA 58.1✕48.6 7.8

AM-1816 3.0V- 84.0μA 2.6V- 21.00μA 96.7✕56.7 15.6

AM-1819 3.0V- 6.9μA 4.0V- 0.41mA 31.0✕24.0 2.2

AM-1820 3.0V- 13.3μA 4.0V- 0.79mA 43.0✕26.0 3.1

Indoor products (for high illumination levels)

Model

100mW/cm2 SS-50k lux (Initial)

External dimensions (mm) Weight (g)

Pmax (Vop-Iop) Pmax (Vop-Iop)

AM-5308 (1.7V- 68.8mA) 117mW (1.9V- 61.5mA) (1.7V- 31.1mA) 58mW (1.9V- 29.2mA) 50.1✕ 47.2★ 6.4

AM-5302 (1.7V- 105.0mA) 181mW (1.9V- 95.5mA) (1.7V- 47.0mA) 86mW (1.9V- 45.1mA) 31.2

✕ 117.8 16.3

AM-5413 (2.2V- 16.7mA) 39mW (2.6V- 15.0mA) (2.2V- 7.5mA) 18mW (2.6V- 7.1mA) 33.0

✕ 23.9★ 2.1

AM-5412 (2.2V- 39.8mA) 93mW (2.6V- 35.8mA) (2.2V- 17.9mA) 44mW (2.6V- 16.9mA) 50.1

✕ 33.1 7.3

AM-5610 (3.3V- 5.1mA) 18mW (3.9V- 4.6mA) (3.3V- 2.3mA) 8mW (3.9V- 2.2mA) 25.0

✕ 20.0 2.2

AM-5613 (3.3V- 31.6mA) 110mW (3.9V- 28.2mA) (3.3V- 14.5mA) 52mW (3.9V- 13.3mA) 60.1

✕ 36.7 9.8

AM-5608 (3.3V- 36.0mA) 125mW (3.9V- 32.0mA) (3.3V- 16.5mA) 59mW (3.9V- 15.1mA) 60.1

✕ 41.3 11.0

AM-5605 (3.3V- 115.4mA) 401mW (3.9V- 102.7mA) (3.3V- 52.9mA) 189mW (3.9V- 48.6mA) 62.3

✕ 117.8 32.5

AM-8706 (3.9V- 19.9mA) 81mW (4.6V- 17.7mA) (3.9V- 9.0mA) 39mW (4.6V- 8.3mA) 36.1

✕ 41.3★ 4.1

AM-8704 (3.9V- 23.8mA) 97mW (4.6V- 21.0mA) (3.9V- 10.7mA) 46mW (4.6V- 9.9mA) 41.2

✕ 41.3★ 4.6

AM-8705 (3.9V- 26.9mA) 109mW (4.6V- 23.8mA) (3.9V- 12.1mA) 52mW (4.6V- 11.3mA) 36.1

✕ 55.1★ 5.4

AM-8703 (3.9V- 32.1mA) 131mW (4.6V- 28.5mA) (3.9V- 14.5mA) 62mW (4.6V- 13.4mA) 41.2

✕ 55.1★ 6.2

AM-5710 (3.9V- 32.6mA) 134mW (4.6V- 29.0mA) (3.9V- 14.7mA) 63mW (4.6V- 13.7mA) 62.3

✕ 37.0★ 6.3

AM-8702 (3.9V- 34.4mA) 140mW (4.6V- 30.5mA) (3.9V- 15.5mA) 67mW (4.6V- 14.4mA) 57.7

✕ 41.3★ 6.5

AM-5706 (3.9V- 45.9mA) 186mW (4.6V- 40.5mA) (3.9V- 21.0mA) 88mW (4.6V- 19.1mA) 70.0

✕ 50.0 15.5

AM-8701 (3.9V- 46.6mA) 190mW (4.6V- 41.2mA) (3.9V- 21.0mA) 90mW (4.6V- 19.4mA) 57.7

✕ 55.1★ 8.6

AM-5815 (4.5V- 2.5mA) 12mW (5.2V- 2.3mA) (4.5V- 1.1mA) 6mW (5.2V- 1.1mA) 31.8

✕ 10.8★ 0.9

AM-5812 (4.5V- 19.8mA) 93mW (5.2V- 17.8mA) (4.5V- 8.9mA) 44mW (5.2V- 8.4mA) 59.0

✕ 28.7★ 4.6

AM-5813 (4.5V- 25.0mA) 117mW (5.2V- 22.6mA) (4.5V- 11.3mA) 55mW (5.2V- 10.7mA) 41.2

✕ 60.2★ 6.7

AM-8804 (4.5V- 33.3mA) 156mW (5.2V- 30.0mA) (4.5V- 15.1mA) 74mW (5.2V- 14.2mA) 48.1

✕ 55.1★ 7.2

AM-5814 (4.5V- 38.6mA) 180mW (5.2V- 34.7mA) (4.5V- 17.4mA) 85mW (5.2V- 16.4mA) 55.1

✕ 60.1★ 9.0

AM-8801 (4.5V- 41.9mA) 196mW (5.2V- 37.7mA) (4.5V- 18.9mA) 93mW (5.2V- 17.8mA) 57.7

✕ 55.1★ 8.6

AM-5904 (5.0V- 9.9mA) 52mW (5.9V- 8.7mA) (5.0V- 4.5mA) 24mW (5.9V- 4.1mA) 40.1

✕ 33.1 5.9

AM-5912 (5.0V- 15.3mA) 80mW (5.9V- 13.6mA) (5.0V- 7.0mA) 38mW (5.9V- 6.4mA) 42.9

✕ 47.2★ 5.6

AM-5909 (5.0V- 22.2mA) 116mW (5.9V- 19.6mA) (5.0V- 10.1mA) 55mW (5.9V- 9.3mA) 60.1

✕ 41.3 11.0

AM-5914 (5.0V- 23.1mA) 121mW (5.9V- 20.4mA) (5.0V- 10.6mA) 57mW (5.9V- 9.7mA) 50.1

✕ 55.1★ 7.5

AM-5913 (5.0V- 30.1mA) 157mW (5.9V- 26.6mA) (5.0V- 13.8mA) 74mW (5.9V- 12.6mA) 60.1

✕ 55.1 14.7

AM-5907 (5.0V- 45.7mA) 241mW (5.9V- 40.8mA) (5.0V- 20.6mA) 114mW (5.9V- 19.3mA) 75.0

✕ 55.0 18.3

AM-5902 (5.0V- 60.8mA) 317mW (5.9V- 53.7mA) (5.0V- 27.8mA) 150mW (5.9V- 25.4mA) 150.0

✕ 37.5 25.0

AM-7A03 (5.5V- 227.0mA) 1336mW (6.6V- 202.3mA) (5.5V- 113.0mA) 702mW (6.6V- 106.3mA) 150.0

✕ 165.0 110.0

AM-7D08 (7.2V- 172.0mA) 1303mW (8.5V- 153.2mA) (7.2V- 85.0mA) 684mW (8.5V- 80.5mA) 150.0

✕ 165.0 110.0

AM-5E02 (7.7V- 23.2mA) 189mW (9.2V- 20.5mA) (7.7V- 10.6mA) 89mW (9.2V- 9.7mA) 75.0

✕ 55.0 18.3

AM-7E04 (7.7V- 104.0mA) 852mW (9.2V- 92.6mA) (7.7V- 50.0mA) 447mW (9.2V- 48.6mA) 150.0

✕ 110.0 74.0

AM-5S06 (15.4V- 11.4mA) 188mW (18.4V- 10.2mA) (15.4V- 5.1mA) 89mW (18.4V- 4.8mA) 124.5

✕ 29.5★ 10.0

AM-7S03 (15.4V- 70.0mA) 1133mW (18.4V- 61.6mA) (15.4V- 34.5mA) 595mW (18.4V- 32.4mA) 150.0

✕ 165.0 110.0

Model

Typical operating characteristics (Initial)

External dimensions (mm) Weight (g)

FL-200lux FL-50lux (Reference value)

Model

Typical operating characteristics (Initial)

External dimensions (mm) Weight (g)

FL-200lux SS-10k lux (Reference value)

Typical operating

characteristics (Initial)

Typical operating

characteristics (Initial)

Thin, light weight, unbreakable, can easily be formed in arbitrary
shapes, highly precise dimensions

Low price (basic substrate)

Thin, light weight, unbreakable, bendable, can easily be formed
in arbitrary shapes

Amorton
Products
for Watches

Glass

Stainless steel

Film

Features of Amorton

Output Characteristics

87

The features of Amorton are shown by the current-voltage curve
in the figure.
The curve changes depending on the incident light intensity and
the surrounding temperature.

■

Output Characteristics of Indoor use Amorton

Artificial light, such as fluorescent and incandescent light, is used
indoors. The illuminance of these light sources ranges from 20 lux to
1,000 lux. Indoors, therefore, Amorton is most suitable for small
equipment such as electronic calculators. Please use under 1,000
lux.

Voc : open-circuit voltage

Isc : short-circuit current

Vop : optimum operating voltage

Iop : optimum operating current

Pmax : maximum output

Isc

Iop

Vop Voc

Pmax

Voltage

Current-Voltage Curve

Current

■

Output Characteristics of outdoor use Amorton

Natural light ranges in illuminance from 10,000 lux to 100,000
lux (AM-1.5, 100mW/cm

2

) or more. Amorton is suitable outdoors

for compact equipment such as chargers.

25°C25°C

FL200Lux

]

2

Current [μA/cm

]

2

Current [μA/cm

20

15

10

5

Typical Cell Characteristics (25°C)

Open-circuit

voltage

0.63 V/cell 17.0μA/cm

Short-circuit

100

Voc

10

Isc

Iope

current

Maximum

output

2

7.0μW/cm2FL200lux

1.0

0.1

Light

source

Voltage [V/cell]

18

16

14

]

2

12

10

8

6

Current [mA/cm

4

2

0

0 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.00.6

AM-1.5, 100mW/cm

25°C

2

]

2

10

5

Current [mA/cm

1

1 10010 1000

Voltage [V/cell]

Current – Voltage

Characteristics of a Cell

20

18

]

2

16

14

Current [mA/cm

12

10

-20 0 20 40 60 80

AM-1.5, 100mW/cm

Voc

Isc

Iope

Temperature [°C]

Output Temperature

Dependency Characteristics

1.0

2

0.8

0.6

[V/cell]

0.4

Voltage

0.2

0.0

Dependency Characteristics

120

100

80

60

Iope [%]

40

20

0

0 200 600 800400

Lightproof [Leaving Outdoors]

Typical Cell Characteristics (25°C)

Open-circuit

voltage

0.89V/cell 14.8mA/cm2 7.89mW/cm2 AM-1.5,100mW/cm

Short-circuit

current

Voc

Maximum

output

25°C

Light source

2.020

1.0

0.5

Voltage [V/cell]

Isc

Iope

0.1

Illuminance [✕103Lux] (SS)

Output Illuminance

AM-1.5, 100mW/cm

Exposure Test (days)

2

SS: solar simulator
(false solar light source)
Voc: open-circuit voltage
Isc: short-circuit current
Iope: operating current

Temperature coefficient
Voc: -0.3%/°C
Isc: +0.08%/°C
Pmax: -0.2%/°C

2

0

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

20

]

2

18

16

Current [μA/cm

14

-200 20406080

Dependency Characteristics

Voltage [V/cell]

Current – Voltage

Characteristics of a Cell

FL200Lux

Voc

Isc

Iope

Temperature [°C]

Output Temperature

0.8

0.6

0.4

Voltage [V/cell]

0.2

0

1

10 1000100 10000

Illuminance [Lux] (FL)

Output Illuminance

Dependency Characteristics

FL: fluorescent light
Voc: open-circuit voltage
Isc: short-circuit current
Iope: operating current

Temperature coefficient
Voc: -0.3%/°C
Isc: +0.08%/°C
Pmax: -0.2%/°C

0.0

Terminal Configurations

B type C type CS type CA type

Cannot be soldered. A heat
seal is usable.

Lead wire can be attached
with regular solder.

Indoors

Conductive
paste

Temporary
solder

Temporary solder is attached
to a C type device.

Lead
wire

C type terminal with lead
wire.

Overcoating

Terminal

Outdoors

CAR type

C type also possible

Resin
coating

The pins are protected with a
resin coating after the leads
are attached

Amorton Photosensors Application Example

Features of Amorton Photosensors

9 10

Amorphous Photosensor is a kind of Photo Diode, and can detect
light and its intensity.

The following shows typical applications of amorphous photosensors

High Sensitivity detection within
the visible-light spectrum

Human eyes are sensitive to the light
wavelength ranging from approximately
400nm to 700nm.
Amorphous photosensors have sensitivity in
the same range and provide light sensing
capability similar to human eyes.

Output current is proportional to
illumination

Accurate light detection is possible because
output current increases proportionally to the
illuminance.

Flexibility in pattern shaping or
sizing

Amorphous photosensors provide flexible
designing in size and shape to fit your needs.

Amorton Photosensors Circuit Diagram Example
Amorton Photosensors List

OP amplifier detects photosensor output current and
convert to voltage. The signal is linearly amplified.

Circuit Diagram (Example)

Amorphous
photosensor

Op amplifier

Rf

Vout

Model External dimensions (mm) Short-circuit current TYP. Dark current (VR = 50mV) MAX.

AM-30-11 C, CS, CA 1 14.0 ✕ 13.0 (Glass 1.1t) 17.7μA

*

1

–––––

AM-30-15 C 2 5.05

✕

3.05 (Glass 0.7t)

Center area: 80nA

*

2

Center area: 100pA

Around area: 2.8μA

*

2

Around area: 100pA

Center area: 50nA

*

2

Center area: 100pA

AM-30-16 C 3 5.05 ✕ 3.05 (Glass 0.7t) Around area (Inside): 0.4μA

*

2

Around area (Inside): 100pA

Around area (Outside): 1.3μA

*

2

Around area (Outside): 100pA

AM-30-28 CS 1 5.0 ✕ 3.0 (Glass 0.7t) 7.5μA

*

2

10pA

AM-30-31 C 1 2.1 ✕ 2.0 (Glass 0.4t) 1.2μA

*

2

10pA

AM-30-33 C 1 5.0 ✕ 3.0 (Glass 0.7t) 7.5μA

*

2

10pA

*1: At 200lux, white fluorescent light
*2: At 1000lux, fluorescent light for color illuminator

* For terminal configurations, refer to page 8.

Number of

elements

Effective area

<AM-30-11> <AM-30-15>

13.0

3.05

14.0 5.05

11.9

2.15

8.7

<AM-30-28>

3.0

2.0

5.0

<AM-30-31>

2.1

0.84

0.88

2.2

1.2

1.4

<AM-30-16>

3.05

5.05

1.72 3.1

1.15

SANYO can also provide custom products.

Adjusting

Luminosity LCD

Back Light

■ Cellular Phone

■ Mobile Products

■ Car Navigation

Exposure

Control

■ Camera

System Lighting

Control

■ Street Light

■ Garden Light

SANYO can support other applications as well.

Contact your SANYO representative for consultation.

Amorphous visible-light photosensor <AM-30-28>
Human eye spectral sensitivity
Single crystal silicon photosensor

-4

1

10

-5

10

<AM-30-28>

<AM-30-15>

-6

0.5

Relative sensitivity

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Wavelength [nm]

Spectral Sensitivity of Amorphous Photosensor

10

Current [A]

-7

10

-8

10

3

4

10

11010210

Illuminance [lux]

Dependence of Isc Characteristics on Illumination

: Effective area

Amorphous Photosensor Pattern

Shape Example

Solar Cell Output and Light Sources

1211

The output of solar cells differ depending on the categories of light sources to which they are exposed.
This is because photoelectric conversion efficiency changes with respect to the wavelength and intensity of the light.

1. Categories of light sources

The general light source for solar cells is sunlight out of doors, and fluorescent or incandescent light indoors.
The following outline describes the various categories:

2. Brightness

When sunlight and fluorescent light are compared in terms of brightness, the results are shown as follows:

3. Radiant spectrum of light source and spectral sensitivity of solar cells

Light source

Sunlight Artificial light

AM-0 Outer space (solar light at global average revolution orbit) Incandescent light General-use incandescent light, halogen lamp

AM-1 Fluorescent light Daylight, white, and warm white colors

AM-1.5 Electric discharge lamp Mercury-vapor lamp, sodium-vapor lamp, xenon lamp

Other AM-2 (when zenithal angle is 60

°), etc.

When the sun is directly overhead (0m above sea level at the equator,
vertical sunlight at meridian passage)

When zenithal angle
(Sunlight angle 0° when sun is directly overhead) is 48.2°.

[Light Source] Sunlight Fluorescent light

Condition Illuminance (lux) Condition Illuminance (lux)

Direct sun

100,000 to 120,000 Around 1,000

Bright 50,000 to 100,000 Office/conference room 300 to 600

Cloudy 10,000 to 50,000 Restaurants/coffee shops Below 200

Rain 5,000 to 20,000

Design stand
(partially illuminated)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Wave length [μm]

Sunlight spectral (AM-1.5)

Fluorescent light
(White color)

c-Si solar cells

Human eye
spectral sensitivity

a-Si solar cells

Radiant spectrum intensity (Relative value)

Solar cell spectral sensitivity (Relative value)

13

Precautions in Handling Amorton and Amorphous Photosensors

Do not scratch the rear surface with a hard object because it could damage amorphous silicon

(1μm thick active layer) and causes electrical malfunction even though the surface is protected by

resin coating.

Be careful not to get injured with the sharp edges of the substrate material (glass or stainless steel).

Employ robust and airtight encapsulation when the cell is expected to receive mechanical

shocks by falling objects or exposed to harsh weather conditions. Note shattered glass pieces can

cause injury and humid environment can damage the cell.

Avoid touching the cell in the daytime because you may get burned with heat particularly when the

insolation is strong.

Do not touch the light-receiving side with bare hands because it stains the surface and affect

electrical output.

Static electricity can damage the cell. As it deemed necessary, consider a proper method to remove

static electricity.

Store in cool, low-humid environment without corrosive gas to avoid possible damages to the cell.

Consider fail-safe or prolixity in your product design.

SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. assumes no responsibility for equipment failures that result from using
products at values that exceed, even momentarily, rated values (such as maximum ratings, operating
condition ranges, or other parameters) listed in products specifications of any and all SANYO Semiconductor
Co.,Ltd. products described or contained herein.

SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. strives to supply high-quality high-reliability products, however, any and all
semiconductor products fail or malfunction with some probability. It is possible that these probabilistic failures
or malfunction could give rise to accidents or events that could endanger human lives, trouble that could give
rise to smoke or fire, or accidents that could cause damage to other property. When designing equipment,
adopt safety measures so that these kinds of accidents or events cannot occur. Such measures include but
are not limited to protective circuits and error prevention circuits for safe design, redundant design, and
structural design.

Any and all information described or contained herein are subject to change without notice due to
product/technology improvement, etc. When designing equipment, refer to the "Delivery Specification" for the
SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. product that you intend to use.

In the event that any or all SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. products described or contained herein are
controlled under any of applicable local export control laws and regulations, such products may require the
export license from the authorities concerned in accordance with the above law.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, or
otherwise, without the prior written consent of SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd.

Specifications of any and all SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. products described or contained herein stipulate
the performance, characteristics, and functions of the described products in the independent state, and are
not guarantees of the performance, characteristics, and functions of the described products as mounted in the
customer

's products or equipment. To verify symptoms and states that cannot be evaluated in an

independent device, the customer should always evaluate and test devices mounted in the customer's
products or equipment.

Any and all SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. products described or contained herein are, with regard to

"standard application", intended for the use as general electronics equipment (home appliances, AV equipment,

communication device, office equipment, industrial equipment etc.). The products mentioned herein shall not
be intended for use for any "special application" (medical equipment whose purpose is to sustain life,
aerospace instrument, nuclear control device, burning appliances, transportation machine, traffic signal
system, safety equipment etc.) that shall require extremely high level of reliability and can directly threaten
human lives in case of failure or malfunction of the product or may cause harm to human bodies, nor shall they
grant any guarantee thereof. If you should intend to use our products for applications outside the standard
applications of our customer who is considering such use and/or outside the scope of our intended standard
applications, please consult with us prior to the intended use. If there is no consultation or inquiry before the
intended use, our customer shall be solely responsible for the use.

Upon using the technical information or products described herein, neither warranty nor license shall be
granted with regard to intellectual property rights or any other rights of SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. or any
third party. SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim or suits with regard to a third
party's intellectual property rights which has resulted from the use of the technical information and products
mentioned above.

Information (including circuit diagrams and circuit parameters) herein is for example only; it is not guaranteed
for volume production.

SANYO Semiconductor Co., Ltd.

Ordering number : EP120B

This catalog provides information as of November, 2007.
Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.

●SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. Website

http://www.semic.sanyo.co.jp/index_e.htm