SanDisk
Product Manual
Version 3.1
Document No. 80-36-00450
December 2006
SanDisk Corporation
Corporate Headquarters • 601 McCarthy Boulevard • Milpitas, CA 95035
Phone (408) 801-1000 • Fax (408) 801-8657
www.sandisk.com
Revision 3.1 SanDisk iNAND Product Manual
®
SanDisk
Corporation general policy does not recommend the use of its products in life support applications where in a failure
or malfunction of the product may directly threaten life or injury. Per SanDisk Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of SanDisk
products in life support applications assumes all risk of such use and indemnifies SanDisk against all damages. See “Disclaimer
of Liability.”
This document is for information use only and is subject to change without prior notice. SanDisk Corporation assumes no
responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document, nor for incidental or consequential damages resulting from the
furnishing, performance or use of this material. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in
a retrievable manner or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written consent of an officer of SanDisk
Corporation.
All parts of the SanDisk documentation are protected by copyright law and all rights are reserved.
SanDisk and the SanDisk logo are registered trademarks of SanDisk Corporation. CompactFlash is a U.S. registered trademark
of SanDisk Corporation.
Product names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of
their respective companies.
© 2006 SanDisk Corporation. All rights reserved.
SanDisk products are covered or licensed under one or more of the following U.S. Patent Nos. 5,070,032; 5,095,344; 5,168,465;
5,172,338; 5,198,380; 5,200,959; 5,268,318; 5,268,870; 5,272,669; 5,418,752; 5,602,987. Other U.S. and foreign patents
awarded and pending.
Lit. No. 80-36-00450 Rev. 3.1 12/06 Printed in U.S.A.
Revision History
September 2005 Revision 0.1—First draft of initial release
October 2005 Revision 0.2—Second draft of initial release
October 2005 Revision 0.3—Third draft of initial release
October 2005 Revision 1.0—Release
November 2005 Revision 1.1—Minor revision in Section 1.2; changed area in Table 1-1
January 2006 Revision 2.0—Added 4GB specifications
February 2006 Revision 2.1—Added footnote for MB/GB calculation in Section 2, 3 & App B
November 2006 Revision 3.0—Major revision to include high capacity information and other changes to the SDA spec;
updated contact information.
December 2006 Revision 3.1—Changed G8 pin from “VCORE” to “FCAP”; adjusted capacitor specifications.
© 2006 SanDisk Corporation i
Revision 3.1 SanDisk iNAND Product Manual
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction...................................................................................................1-1
1.1 General Description................................................................................1-1
1.2 Features...................................................................................................1-2
1.3 Document Scope.....................................................................................1-2
1.4 iNAND Standard ....................................................................................1-2
1.5 Functional Description............................................................................1-3
1.6 Technology Independence ......................................................................1-3
1.7 Defect and Error Management................................................................1-4
1.8 Wear Leveling.........................................................................................1-4
1.9 Automatic Sleep Mode ...........................................................................1-4
1.10 iNAND—SD Bus Mode........................................................................1-4
1.11 SPI Mode...............................................................................................1-6
2. Product Specifications...................................................................................2-1
2.1 Overview ................................................................................................2-1
2.2 Typical Card Power Requirements .........................................................2-1
2.3 System Performance...............................................................................2-1
2.4 System Reliability and Maintenance ......................................................2-1
2.5 Physical Specifications...........................................................................2-2
2.6 Capacity Specifications ..........................................................................2-4
3. iNAND Interface Description .......................................................................3-1
3.1 Pins and Registers...................................................................................3-1
3.2 Bus Topologies.......................................................................................3-2
3.3 Electrical Interface..................................................................................3-3
3.4 iNAND Registers....................................................................................3-3
3.5 Data Interchange Format and Card Sizes ...............................................3-3
4. iNAND Protocol Description........................................................................4-1
4.1 General ...................................................................................................4-1
4.2 SD Bus Protocol.....................................................................................4-1
4.3 Functional Description............................................................................4-1
Appendix A Capacitor Specifications..........................................................A-1
Appendix B Ordering Information..............................................................B-1
Appendix C SanDisk Worldwide Sales Offices........................................... C-1
Appendix D Limited Warrant y....................................................................D-1
Appendix E Disclaimer of Liability.............................................................E-1
© 2006 SanDisk Corporation ii
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Revision 3.1 SanDisk iNAND Product Manual
1 Introduction
1.1 General Description
The SanDisk iNAND is a very small, flash storage device, designed specifically for storage
applications that put a premium on small form factor, low power and low cost. Flash is the
ideal storage medium for portable, battery-powered devices. It features low power
consumption and is non-volatile, requiring no power to maintain the stored data. It also has
a wide operating range for temperature, shock and vibration.
iNAND is well-suited to meet the needs of small, low power, electronic devices. With a
form factor measuring 12mm by 18mm by 1.2mm, iNAND is expected to be used in a wide
variety of portable devices like mobile phones, pagers, and voice recorders.
To support this wide range of applications, iNAND is offered with an SD Interface. T he SD
interface product is fully compatible with iNAND produc ts, and provides a 4-bit data bus
for maximum performance. For compatibility with existing controllers, the iNAND offers,
in addition to these interfaces, an alternate communication-protocol based on the SPI
standard.
These interfaces allow for easy integration into any design, regardless of which type of
microprocessor is used. All device and interface configuration data (such as maximum
frequency and card identification) are stored on the device.
The SanDisk iNAND provides up to 4 GB of memory for use in mass storage applications.
In addition to the mass-storage-specific flash memory chip, iNAND includes an intelligent
controller, which manages interface protocols, data storage and retrieval, error correction
code (ECC) algorithms, defect handling and diagnostics, power management, wear
leveling, and clock control. Figure 1-1 is a block diagram of the SanDisk iNAND with SD
Interface.
Figure 1-1 SanDisk iNAND Block Diagram
SanDisk iNAND
SD Bus/SPI Bus
Interface
SanDisk
Single Chip
Controller
Data In/Out
Control
Flash
Memory
© 2006 SanDisk Corporation 1-1 12/07/06
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Revision 3.1 SanDisk iNAND Product Manual
1.2 Features
SanDisk iNAND product features include the following.
►Up to 4 GB of data storage
►SD-protocol compatible
►Supports SPI Mode
►Designed for portable and stationary applications that require high performance and reliable
data storage
►Voltage range 2.7 to 3.6V
Variable clock rate 0-25 MHz (default), 0-50MHz (high-speed)
►
► Up to 25 MB/sec bus transfer rate (using 4 parallel data lines)
►Correction of memory-field errors
►Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary)
►Application-specific commands
►Standard footprint across all capacities
1.3 Document Scope
This document describes the key features and specifications of the SanDisk iNAND as well
as the information required to interface it to a host system. Chapter 2 describes the physical
and mechanical properties of iNAND, Chapter 3 contains the pins and register overview,
and Chapter 4 gives a general overview of the SD protocol. Information about SPI Protocol
can be referenced in Section 7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
1.4 iNAND Standard
SanDisk iNAND devices are fully compatible with the SDA Physical Layer Specification,
Version 2.00. This specification is available from the SD Card Association (SDA).
SD Card Associations
2400 Camino Ramon, Suite 37 5
San Ramon, CA 94583 USA
T elephone: +1 (925) 275-6615
Fax: +1 (925) 886-4870
E-mail: office@sdcard.org
Website:
www.sdcard.org
© 2006 SanDisk Corporation 1-2 12/07/06
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Revision 3.1 SanDisk iNAND Product Manual
1.5 Functional Description
The SanDisk iNAND contains a high-level, intelligent subsystem as shown in Figure 1-1.
This intelligent (microprocessor) subsystem provides many capabilities not found in other
types of memory cards. These capabilities include:
• Host independence from details of erasing and programming flash memory
• Sophisticated system for managing defects (analogous to systems found in magnetic
disk drives)
• Sophisticated system for error recovery including a powerful ECC
• Power management for low power operation
1.6 Technology Independence
The 512-byte sector size of the SanDisk iNAND is the same as that in an IDE magnetic
disk drive. To write or read a sector (or multiple sectors), the host software simply issues a
read or write command to the card. The command contains the address and number of
sectors to write or read. The host software then waits for the command to complete.
The host software does not get involved in the details of how the flash memory is erased,
programmed or read. This is extremely important because flash devices are expected to get
increasingly complex in the future. Because iNAND use an intelligent on-board controller,
host system software will not need to be updated as new flash memory evolves. In other
words, systems that support iNAND technology today will be able to access future SanDisk
devices built with new flash technology without having to update or change host software.
© 2006 SanDisk Corporation 1-3 12/07/06
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Revision 3.1 SanDisk iNAND Product Manual
1.7 Defect and Error Management
The SanDisk iNAND contains a sophisticated defect and error management system. This
system is analogous to the systems found in magnetic disk drives and in many cases offers
enhancements. If necessary, iNAND will rewrite data from a defective sector to a good
sector. This is completely transparent to the host and does not consume any user data space.
The soft error rate specification for iNAND is much better than the magnetic disk drive
specification. In the extremely rare case that a read error does occur, iNAND has
innovative algorithms to recover the data. These defect and error management systems,
coupled with the solid state construction, give SanDisk iNAND unparalleled reliability.
1.8 Wear Leveling
Wear-leveling is an intrinsic part of the erase pooling functionality of iNAND.
1.9 Automatic Sleep Mode
A unique feature of iNAND is automatic entrance and exit from sleep mode. Upon
completion of an operation, cards enter sleep mode to conserve power if no further
commands are received in less than 5 milliseconds (ms). The host does not have to take any
action for this to occur. However, in order to achieve the lowest sleep current, the host
needs to shut down its clock to the card. In most systems, cards are in sleep mode except
when accessed by the host, thus conserving power.
When the host is ready to access a card in sleep mode, any command issued to it will cause
it to exit sleep, and respond.
1.10 iNAND — SD Bus Mode
The following sections provide valuable information on SanDisk iNAND in SD Bus mode.
SanDisk iNAND devices are fully compliant with the SDA Physical Layer Specification,
Version 2.00. Card Specific Data (CSD) Register structures are compliant with CSD
Structure 1.0 and 2.0.
This section covers Negotiating Operating Conditions, Card Acquisition and Identification,
Card Status, Memory Array Partitioning, Read/Write Operations, Data Transfer Rate, Data
Protection in Flash Cards, Write Protection, Copy Bit, and CSD Register.
Additional practical card detection methods can be found in application notes pertaining to
the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
© 2006 SanDisk Corporation 1-4 12/07/06
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Revision 3.1 SanDisk iNAND Product Manual
Figure 1-2 Memory Array Parti tioni n g
SanDisk iNAND Memory Module
WP Group 0
Sector 1
Block
Block1Block2Block
0
n
Sector 2
Sector 3
Sector n
WP Group 1
WP Group 2
Figure 1-3 Data Transfer Formats
Single Block Mode
Memory
Sectors
Memory
Sectors
Start Address
(Read)
Memory
Sectors
Start Address
Memory
Sectors
(Write)
Multiple Block Mode
Memory
Sectors
Memory
Sectors
Memory
Sectors
Start Address
Memory
Sectors
Write
Memory
Sectors
Memory
Sectors
Stop Start
Misalignment Error
Memory
Sectors
Start Address
(Read/Write)
Memory
Sectors
Read
Memory
Sectors
Memory
Sectors
Stop
© 2006 SanDisk Corporation 1-5 12/07/06
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Revision 3.1 SanDisk iNAND Product Manual
Table 1-1 Mode Definitions
Mode Description
Single Block In this mode the host reads or writes one data block in a pre-specified length. The
Multiple Block This mode is similar to the single block mode, except for the host can read/write
data block transmission is protected with 16-bit CRC that is generated by the
sending unit and checked by the receiving unit.
The block length for read operations is limited by the device sector size (512 bytes)
but can be as small as a single byte. Misalignment is not allowed. Every data block
must be contained in a single physical sector.
The block length for write operations must be identical to the sector size and the
start address aligned to a sector boundary.
multiple data blocks (all have the same length) that are stored or retrieved from
contiguous memory addresses starting at the address specified in the command.
The operation is terminated with a stop transmission command.
Misalignment and block length restrictions apply to multiple blocks and are identical
to the single block read/write operations.
1.11 SPI Mode
The SPI Mode is a secondary communication protocol for iNAND devices. This mode is a
subset of the SD Protocol, designed to communicate with an SPI channel, commonly found
in Motorola and other vendors’ microcontrollers. Table 1-1 contains names and
descriptions of SPI Mode functions. More information about SPI Mode can be found in
Section 7 or the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
© 2006 SanDisk Corporation 1-6 12/07/06
Loading...