R&S®FSW-K72/K73
3GPP FDD Measurements Options
User Manual
(;×ë52)
1173930502
Version 31
This manual applies to the following R&S®FSW models with firmware version 5.00 and later:
●
R&S®FSW8 (1331.5003K08 / 1312.8000K08)
●
R&S®FSW13 (1331.5003K13 / 1312.8000K13)
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R&S®FSW26 (1331.5003K26 / 1312.8000K26)
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R&S®FSW43 (1331.5003K43 / 1312.8000K43)
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R&S®FSW50 (1331.5003K50 / 1312.8000K50)
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R&S®FSW67 (1331.5003K67 / 1312.8000K67)
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R&S®FSW85 (1331.5003K85 / 1312.8000K85)
This manual applies to the following R&S®FSW models with firmware version 3.20 and higher:
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R&S®FSW8 (1312.8000K08)
●
R&S®FSW13 (1312.8000K13)
●
R&S®FSW26 (1312.8000K26)
●
R&S®FSW43 (1312.8000K43)
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R&S®FSW50 (1312.8000K50)
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R&S®FSW67 (1312.8000K67)
●
R&S®FSW85 (1312.8000K85)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FSW-K72 (1313.1422.02)
●
R&S FSW-K73 (1313.1439.02)
The software contained in this product uses several valuable open source software packages. For information, see the "Open
Source Acknowledgment" on the user documentation CD-ROM (included in delivery).
Rohde & Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing.
© 2021 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1173.9305.02 | Version 31 | R&S®FSW-K72/K73
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g. R&S®FSW is indicated as
R&S FSW. "R&S FSW-K72 and R&S FSW-K73" are indicated as R&S FSW-K72/K73.
R&S®FSW-K72/K73
Contents
1 Documentation overview.....................................................................11
1.1 Getting started manual............................................................................................... 11
1.2 User manuals and help............................................................................................... 11
1.3 Service manual............................................................................................................ 11
1.4 Instrument security procedures................................................................................ 12
1.5 Printed safety instructions.........................................................................................12
1.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................ 12
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).......................................12
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc......................................... 12
2 Welcome to the 3GPP FDD applications............................................13
Contents
2.1 Starting the 3GPP FDD application........................................................................... 13
2.2 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 14
3 Measurements and result display...................................................... 17
3.1 Code domain analysis................................................................................................ 17
3.1.1 Code domain parameters..............................................................................................18
3.1.2 Evaluation methods for code domain analysis..............................................................20
3.1.3 CDA measurements in MSRA operating mode.............................................................35
3.2 Time alignment error measurements........................................................................ 35
3.3 RF measurements....................................................................................................... 36
3.3.1 RF measurement types and results.............................................................................. 36
3.3.2 Evaluation methods for RF measurements...................................................................40
4 Measurement basics............................................................................43
4.1 Channel detection....................................................................................................... 46
4.2 BTS channel types...................................................................................................... 46
4.3 UE channel types........................................................................................................ 50
4.4 3GPP FDD BTS test models....................................................................................... 51
4.5 Setup for base station tests....................................................................................... 52
4.6 3GPP FDD UE test models......................................................................................... 53
4.7 Setup for user equipment tests................................................................................. 54
4.8 Time alignment error measurements........................................................................ 55
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4.8.1 Measurement setup for two antennas in a base station................................................56
4.8.2 Measurement setup for transmit signals from multiple base Stations...........................56
4.9 I/Q data import and export......................................................................................... 58
4.10 CDA measurements in MSRA operating mode........................................................ 58
5 Configuration........................................................................................60
5.1 Result display..............................................................................................................60
5.2 Code domain analysis................................................................................................ 61
5.2.1 Configuration overview..................................................................................................62
5.2.2 Signal description..........................................................................................................63
5.2.2.1 BTS signal description.................................................................................................. 64
5.2.2.2 BTS scrambling code.................................................................................................... 65
5.2.2.3 UE signal description (UE measurements)................................................................... 67
Contents
5.2.3 Data input and output settings...................................................................................... 68
5.2.3.1 Radio frequency input................................................................................................... 69
5.2.3.2 Settings for input from I/Q data files..............................................................................72
5.2.3.3 Output settings.............................................................................................................. 74
5.2.3.4 Digital I/Q output settings.............................................................................................. 75
5.2.4 Frontend settings.......................................................................................................... 76
5.2.4.1 Amplitude settings.........................................................................................................76
5.2.4.2 Y-axis scaling................................................................................................................ 81
5.2.4.3 Frequency settings........................................................................................................81
5.2.5 Trigger settings..............................................................................................................83
5.2.6 Signal capture (data acquisition)...................................................................................88
5.2.7 Application data (MSRA)...............................................................................................91
5.2.8 Synchronization (BTS measurements only)..................................................................91
5.2.9 Channel detection......................................................................................................... 93
5.2.9.1 General channel detection settings...............................................................................93
5.2.9.2 Channel table management.......................................................................................... 95
5.2.9.3 Channel table settings and functions............................................................................ 97
5.2.9.4 Channel details............................................................................................................. 98
5.2.10 Sweep settings............................................................................................................100
5.2.11 Automatic settings.......................................................................................................102
5.3 Time alignment error measurements...................................................................... 104
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5.3.1 Configuration overview................................................................................................104
5.3.2 Carrier table configuration...........................................................................................106
5.3.2.1 Carrier table management.......................................................................................... 106
5.3.2.2 Carrier table settings and functions.............................................................................107
5.3.2.3 Carrier details..............................................................................................................108
5.4 RF measurements..................................................................................................... 110
5.4.1 Channel power (ACLR) measurements.......................................................................111
5.4.2 Occupied bandwidth....................................................................................................112
5.4.3 Output power measurements...................................................................................... 112
5.4.4 Spectrum emission mask............................................................................................ 113
5.4.5 RF combi..................................................................................................................... 113
5.4.6 CCDF...........................................................................................................................114
Contents
6 Analysis...............................................................................................116
6.1 Evaluation range....................................................................................................... 116
6.2 Code domain settings (BTS measurements)..........................................................119
6.3 Code domain settings (UE measurements)............................................................121
6.4 Traces.........................................................................................................................122
6.5 Trace / data export configuration............................................................................ 124
6.6 Markers...................................................................................................................... 125
6.6.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 125
6.6.2 General marker settings..............................................................................................127
6.6.3 Marker search settings................................................................................................128
6.6.4 Marker positioning functions....................................................................................... 129
7 I/Q data import and export................................................................ 132
8 Optimizing and troubleshooting the measurement........................ 133
8.1 Error messages......................................................................................................... 133
9 How to perform measurements in 3GPP FDD applications........... 134
10 Measurement examples.....................................................................139
10.1 Measurement 1: measuring the signal channel power..........................................139
10.2 Measurement 2: determining the spectrum emission mask.................................140
10.3 Measurement 3: measuring the relative code domain power...............................142
10.3.1 Synchronizing the reference frequencies....................................................................143
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10.3.2 Behavior with deviating center frequency................................................................... 144
10.3.3 Behavior with incorrect scrambling code.....................................................................145
10.4 Measurement 4: triggered measurement of relative code domain power........... 146
10.5 Measurement 5: measuring the composite EVM................................................... 148
10.6 Measurement 6: determining the peak code domain error................................... 149
11 Remote commands for 3GPP FDD measurements.........................152
11.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 153
11.1.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 153
11.1.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 154
11.1.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................154
11.1.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................154
11.1.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 155
Contents
11.1.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................155
11.1.6.1 Numeric values........................................................................................................... 155
11.1.6.2 Boolean....................................................................................................................... 156
11.1.6.3 Character data............................................................................................................ 157
11.1.6.4 Character strings.........................................................................................................157
11.1.6.5 Block data................................................................................................................... 157
11.2 Common suffixes......................................................................................................157
11.3 Activating 3GPP FDD measurements..................................................................... 158
11.4 Selecting a measurement.........................................................................................162
11.5 Configuring code domain analysis and time alignment error measurements....164
11.5.1 Signal description........................................................................................................164
11.5.1.1 BTS signal description................................................................................................ 164
11.5.1.2 BTS scrambling code.................................................................................................. 167
11.5.1.3 UE signal description.................................................................................................. 168
11.5.2 Configuring the data input and output......................................................................... 169
11.5.2.1 RF input.......................................................................................................................169
11.5.2.2 Configuring file input................................................................................................... 174
11.5.2.3 Remote commands for the digital baseband interface (R&S FSW-B17).....................176
Configuring digital I/Q input and output.......................................................................177
STATus:QUEStionable:DIQ register............................................................................181
11.5.2.4 Configuring input via the optional analog baseband interface.................................... 184
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11.5.2.5 Setting up probes........................................................................................................ 186
11.5.2.6 Configuring the outputs............................................................................................... 192
11.5.3 Frontend configuration................................................................................................ 192
11.5.3.1 Frequency................................................................................................................... 193
11.5.3.2 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................194
11.5.3.3 Configuring the attenuation......................................................................................... 198
11.5.4 Configuring triggered measurements..........................................................................201
11.5.4.1 Configuring the triggering conditions...........................................................................201
11.5.4.2 Configuring the trigger output......................................................................................207
11.5.5 Signal capturing.......................................................................................................... 209
11.5.6 Synchronization...........................................................................................................211
11.5.7 Channel detection....................................................................................................... 213
11.5.7.1 General channel detection.......................................................................................... 214
Contents
11.5.7.2 Managing channel tables............................................................................................ 215
11.5.7.3 Configuring channel tables..........................................................................................220
11.5.7.4 Configuring channel details (BTS measurements)......................................................222
11.5.7.5 Configuring channel details (UE measurements)........................................................223
11.5.8 Sweep settings............................................................................................................225
11.5.9 Automatic settings.......................................................................................................226
11.5.10 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 229
11.5.11 Code domain analysis settings (BTS measurements)................................................ 231
11.5.12 Code domain analysis settings (UE measurements).................................................. 233
11.5.13 Configuring carrier tables for time alignment measurements......................................234
11.6 Configuring RF measurements................................................................................239
11.6.1 Special RF configuration commands.......................................................................... 239
11.6.2 Analysis.......................................................................................................................240
11.7 Configuring the result display................................................................................. 240
11.7.1 General window commands........................................................................................240
11.7.2 Working with windows in the display...........................................................................241
11.8 Starting a measurement........................................................................................... 249
11.9 Retrieving results......................................................................................................253
11.9.1 Retrieving calculated measurement results................................................................ 253
11.9.2 Measurement results for TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n>.........................................258
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11.9.2.1 Bitstream..................................................................................................................... 259
11.9.2.2 Channel table.............................................................................................................. 260
11.9.2.3 Code domain error power........................................................................................... 261
11.9.2.4 Code domain power.................................................................................................... 261
11.9.2.5 Composite constellation.............................................................................................. 262
11.9.2.6 Composite EVM (RMS)...............................................................................................262
11.9.2.7 EVM vs chip................................................................................................................ 262
11.9.2.8 Frequency error vs slot............................................................................................... 262
11.9.2.9 Mag error vs chip........................................................................................................ 262
11.9.2.10 Peak code domain error..............................................................................................262
11.9.2.11 Phase discontinuity vs slot..........................................................................................263
11.9.2.12 Phase error vs chip..................................................................................................... 263
11.9.2.13 Power vs slot...............................................................................................................263
Contents
11.9.2.14 Power vs symbol......................................................................................................... 263
11.9.2.15 Result summary.......................................................................................................... 263
11.9.2.16 Symbol constellation................................................................................................... 264
11.9.2.17 Symbol EVM............................................................................................................... 264
11.9.2.18 Symbol magnitude error..............................................................................................265
11.9.2.19 Symbol phase error.....................................................................................................265
11.9.3 Retrieving trace results............................................................................................... 265
11.9.4 Exporting trace results................................................................................................ 274
11.9.5 Retrieving RF results...................................................................................................276
11.10 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 280
11.10.1 Traces......................................................................................................................... 280
11.10.2 Markers....................................................................................................................... 281
11.10.2.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 282
11.10.2.2 General marker settings..............................................................................................285
11.10.2.3 Positioning the marker................................................................................................ 286
Positioning normal markers.........................................................................................286
Positioning delta markers............................................................................................288
11.11 Importing and exporting I/Q data and results........................................................ 291
11.12 Configuring the secondary application data range (MSRA mode only).............. 293
11.13 Querying the status registers.................................................................................. 295
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11.14 Deprecated commands.............................................................................................298
11.15 Programming examples (R&S FSW-k72)................................................................ 302
11.15.1 Measurement 1: measuring the signal channel power................................................303
11.15.2 Measurement 2: determining the spectrum emission mask........................................303
11.15.3 Measurement 3: measuring the relative code domain power..................................... 305
11.15.4 Measurement 4: triggered measurement of relative code domain power................... 307
11.15.5 Measurement 5: measuring the composite EVM........................................................ 307
11.15.6 Measurement 6: determining the peak code domain error......................................... 308
List of Commands (3GPP FDD)........................................................ 310
Index....................................................................................................316
Contents
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Contents
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R&S®FSW-K72/K73
1 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSW user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSW product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSW
1.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S FSW and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
Documentation overview
Service manual
1.2 User manuals and help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSW is not
included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSW. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
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R&S®FSW-K72/K73
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
1.4 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSW in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.
1.5 Printed safety instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
1.6 Data sheets and brochures
Documentation overview
Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSW. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSW
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSW
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSW
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2 Welcome to the 3GPP FDD applications
The 3GPP FDD applications add functionality to the R&S FSW to perform code domain
analysis or power measurements according to the 3GPP standard (FDD mode). The
application firmware is in line with the 3GPP standard (Third Generation Partnership
Project) with Release 5. Signals that meet the conditions for channel configuration of
test models 1 to 4 according to the 3GPP standard, e.g. W-CDMA signals using FDD,
can be measured with the 3GPP FDD BTS application. In addition to the code domain
measurements specified by the 3GPP standard, the application firmware offers measurements with predefined settings in the frequency domain, e.g. power and ACLR
measurements.
R&S FSW-K72 performs Base Transceiver Station (BTS) measurements (for downlink
signals).
R&S FSW-K73 performs User Equipment (UE) measurements (for uplink signals).
In particular, the 3GPP FDD applications feature:
●
●
●
●
●
Welcome to the 3GPP FDD applications
Starting the 3GPP FDD application
Code domain analysis, providing results like code domain power, EVM, peak code
domain error etc.
Time alignment error determination
Various power measurements
Spectrum Emission Mask measurements
Statistical (CCDF) evaluation
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum application and are described in the R&S FSW User Manual. The latest version is available
for download at the product homepage
http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSW.html.
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the R&S FSW Getting Started manual
or in the Release Notes.
2.1 Starting the 3GPP FDD application
The 3GPP FDD measurements require a special application on the R&S FSW.
To activate the 3GPP FDD applications
1. Select the [MODE] key.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FSW.
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2. Select the "3GPP FDD BTS" or "3GPP FDD UE" item.
A Code Domain Analysis measurement is started immediately with the default settings.
It can be configured in the 3GPP FDD "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when
you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu (see Chapter 5.2.1, "Configuration
overview", on page 62).
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
Welcome to the 3GPP FDD applications
Understanding the display information
The R&S FSW opens a new measurement channel for the 3GPP FDD application.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
are updated in the tabs (including the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FSW User Manual.
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
2.2 Understanding the display information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during a 3GPP FDD BTS measurement. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail
in the following sections.
(The basic screen elements are identical for 3GPP FDD UE measurements)
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Welcome to the 3GPP FDD applications
Understanding the display information
1
2
3
4
5
1 = Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
2 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
3 = Diagram area
4 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information
5 = Instrument status bar with error messages, progress bar and date/time display
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, additional tabs and elements are available. A colored background of the screen behind the measurement channel tabs indicates that you are in
MSRA operating mode.
For details on the MSRA operating mode see the R&S FSW MSRA User Manual.
Channel bar information
In 3GPP FDD applications, when performing Code Domain Analysis, the R&S FSW
screen display deviates from the Spectrum application. For RF measurements, the
familiar settings are displayed (see the R&S FSW Getting Started manual).
Table 2-1: Hardware settings displayed in the channel bar in 3GPP FDD applications for Code
Ref Level Reference level
Domain Analysis
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
Channel Channel number (code number and spreading factor)
CPICH Slot
/ Slot (UE)
Slot of the (CPICH) channel
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Welcome to the 3GPP FDD applications
Understanding the display information
Power Power result mode:
SymbRate Symbol rate of the current channel
Capture (UE application (K73) only): basis for analysis (slot or frame)
●
Absolute
●
Relative to CPICH (BTS application (K72) only)
●
Relative to total power
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
1 2
Figure 2-1: Window title bar information in 3GPP applications
1 = Window number
2 = Window type
3 = Trace color
4 = Trace number
5 = Detector
4
3
5
Diagram footer information
For most graphical evaluations the diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains scaling information for the x-axis, where applicable:
●
Start channel/chip/frame/slot
●
Channel/chip/frame/slot per division
●
Stop channel/chip/frame/slot
For the Bitstream evaluation, the diagram footer indicates:
●
Channel format (type and modulation type (HS-PDSCH only))
●
Number of data bits
●
Number of TPC bits
●
Number of TFCI bits
●
Number of pilot bits
(The bit numbers are indicated in the order they occur.)
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
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3 Measurements and result display
The 3GPP FDD applications provide several different measurements for signals
according to the 3GPP FDD standard. The main and default measurement is Code
Domain Analysis. Furthermore, a Time Alignment Error measurement is provided.
In addition to the code domain power measurements specified by the 3GPP standard,
the 3GPP FDD options offer measurements with predefined settings in the frequency
domain, e.g. RF power measurements.
Evaluation methods
The captured and processed data for each measurement can be evaluated with various different methods. All evaluation methods available for the selected 3GPP FDD
measurement are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode.
Evaluation range
You can restrict evaluation to a specific channel, frame or slot, depending on the evaluation method. See Chapter 6.1, "Evaluation range", on page 116.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
● Code domain analysis.............................................................................................17
● Time alignment error measurements...................................................................... 35
● RF measurements...................................................................................................36
3.1 Code domain analysis
Access: [MEAS] > "Code Domain Analyzer"
The Code Domain Analysis measurement provides various evaluation methods and
result diagrams.
The code domain power measurements are performed as specified by the 3GPP
standards. A signal section of approximately 20 ms is recorded for analysis and then
searched through to find the start of a 3GPP FDD frame. If a frame start is found in the
signal, the code domain power analysis is performed for a complete frame starting
from slot 0. The different evaluations are calculated from the captured I/Q data set.
Therefore it is not necessary to start a new measurement in order to change the evaluation.
The 3GPP FDD applications provide the peak code domain error measurement and
composite EVM specified by the 3GPP standard, as well as the code domain power
measurement of assigned and unassigned codes. The power can be displayed either
for all channels in one slot, or for one channel in all slots. The composite constellation
diagram of the entire signal can also be displayed. In addition, the symbols demodulated in a slot, their power, and the determined bits or the symbol EVM can be displayed
for an active channel.
The power of a code channel is always measured in relation to its symbol rate within
the code domain. It can be displayed either as absolute values or relative to the total
signal or the CPICH channel. By default, the power relative to the CPICH channel is
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displayed. The total power may vary depending on the slot, since the power can be
controlled on a per-slot-basis. The power in the CPICH channel, on the other hand, is
constant in all slots.
For all measurements performed in a slot of a selected channel (bits, symbols, symbol
power, EVM), the actual slot spacing of the channel is taken as a basis, rather than the
CPICH slots. The time reference for the start of a slot is the CPICH slot. If code channels contain a timing offset, the start of a specific slot of the channel differs from the
start of the reference channel (CPICH). Thus, the power-per-channel display may not
be correct. If channels with a timing offset contain a power control circuit, the channelpower-versus-time display may provide better results.
The composite EVM, peak code domain error and composite constellation measurements are always referenced to the total signal.
Remote command:
CONF:WCDP:MEAS WCDP, see CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 162
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
3.1.1 Code domain parameters
Two different types of measurement results are determined and displayed in the Result
Summary: global results and channel results (for the selected channel).
The number of the CPICH slot at which the measurement is performed is indicated
globally for the measurement in the channel bar.
The spreading code of the selected channel is indicated with the channel number in
the channel bar and above the channel-specific results in the Result Summary.
In the Channel Table, the analysis results for all active channels are displayed.
Table 3-1: General code domain power results for a specific frame and slot
Parameter Description
Total Power: The total signal power (average power of total evaluated slot).
Carrier Freq Error: The frequency error relative to the center frequency of the analyzer. The absolute
frequency error is the sum of the analyzer and DUT frequency error. The specified
value is averaged for one (CPICH) slot. See also the note on "Carrier Frequency
Error" on page 19.
Chip Rate Error: The chip rate error in the frame to analyze in ppm. As a result of a high chip rate
error, symbol errors arise and the CDP measurement is possibly not synchronized
to the 3GPP FDD BTS signal. The result is valid even if synchronization of the analyzer and signal failed.
Trigger to Frame: The time difference between the beginning of the recorded signal section to the
start of the analyzed frame. In case of triggered data collection, this difference is
identical with the time difference of frame trigger (+ trigger offset) – frame start. If
synchronization of the analyzer and input signal fails, the value of "Trigger to
Frame" is not significant.
IQ Offset: DC offset of the signal in the selected slot in %
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Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Parameter Description
IQ Imbalance: I/Q imbalance of signals in the selected slot in %
Avg Power Inact
Chan
Composite EVM: The composite EVM is the difference between the test signal and the ideal refer-
Pk CDE (15 ksps): The Peak Code Domain Error projects the difference between the test signal and
RHO Quality parameter RHO for each slot.
No of Active Chan: The number of active channels detected in the signal in the selected slot. Both the
Avg. RCDE Average Relative Code Domain Error over all channels detected with 64 QAM (UE:
Average power of the inactive channels
ence signal in the selected slot in %.
See also "Composite EVM" on page 25
the ideal reference signal onto the selected spreading factor in the selected slot
(see "Peak Code Domain Error" on page 29). The spreading factor onto which
projection is performed can be derived from the symbol rate indicated in brackets.
detected data channels and the control channels are considered active channels.
4PAM) modulation in the selected frame.
Carrier Frequency Error
The maximum frequency error that can be compensated is specified in Table 3-2 as a
function of the synchronization mode. Transmitter and receiver should be synchronized
as far as possible.
Table 3-2: Maximum frequency error that can be compensated
SYNC mode ANTENNA DIV Max. Freq. Offset
CPICH X 5.0 kHz
SCH OFF 1.6 kHz
SCH ANT 1 330 Hz
SCH ANT 2 330 Hz
Table 3-3: Channel-specific code domain power results
Symbol Rate: Symbol rate at which the channel is transmitted
Channel Slot No: (BTS measurements only):
Channel slot number; determined by combining the value of the selected CPICH and
the channel's timing offset
Channel Mapping (UE measurements only):
Branch onto which the channel is mapped (I or Q, specified by the standard)
Chan Power Abs: Channel power, absolute
Chan Power Rel: Channel power, relative (referenced to CPICH or total signal power)
Timing Offset: Offset between the start of the first slot in the channel and the start of the analyzed
3GPP FDD BTS frame
RCDE Relative Code Domain Error for the complete frame of the selected channel
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3.1.2 Evaluation methods for code domain analysis
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
The captured I/Q data can be evaluated using various different methods without having
to start a new measurement.
The selected evaluation also affects the results of the trace data query (see Chap-
ter 11.9.2, "Measurement results for TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n>", on page 258).
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Symbol EVM: Peak and average of the results of the error vector magnitude evaluation
No of Pilot Bits: Number of pilot bits of the selected channel
Modulation Type: BTS measurements:
Modulation type of an HSDPA channel. High speed physical data channels can be
modulated with QPSK, 16 QAM or 64 QAM modulation.
UE measurements: the modulation type of the selected channel. Valid entries are:
●
BPSK I for channels on I-branch
●
BPSK Q for channels on Q-branch
●
NONE for inactive channels
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................20
Channel Table............................................................................................................... 21
└ Table Configuration.........................................................................................22
Code Domain Power.....................................................................................................23
Code Domain Error Power............................................................................................24
Composite Constellation............................................................................................... 24
Composite EVM............................................................................................................ 25
EVM vs Chip................................................................................................................. 26
Frequency Error vs Slot................................................................................................ 27
Mag Error vs Chip......................................................................................................... 27
Marker Table................................................................................................................. 28
Peak Code Domain Error..............................................................................................29
Phase Discontinuity vs Slot...........................................................................................29
Phase Error vs Chip......................................................................................................30
Power vs Slot................................................................................................................ 31
Power vs Symbol.......................................................................................................... 32
Result Summary............................................................................................................32
Symbol Constellation.................................................................................................... 33
Symbol EVM................................................................................................................. 33
Symbol Magnitude Error............................................................................................... 34
Symbol Phase Error......................................................................................................34
Bitstream
The Bitstream evaluation displays the demodulated bits of a selected channel for a
given slot. Depending on the symbol rate the number of symbols within a slot can vary
from 12 (min) to 384 (max). For QPSK modulation a symbol consists of 2 bits (I and
Q). For BPSK modulation a symbol consists of 1 bit (only I used).
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Figure 3-1: Bitstream display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
TIP: Select a specific symbol using the MKR key while the display is focused. If you
enter a number, the marker jumps to the selected symbol, which is highlighted by a
blue circle.
The diagram footer indicates:
●
●
●
●
●
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, BITS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? ABITstream
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Channel format (type and modulation type (HS-PDSCH only))
Number of data bits (D1 / D2)
Number of TPC bits (TPC)
Number of TFCI bits (TFCI)
Number of pilot bits (Pil)
Channel Table
The Channel Table evaluation displays the detected channels and the results of the
code domain power measurement. The channel table can contain a maximum of 512
entries.
In BTS measurements, this corresponds to the 512 codes that can be assigned within
the class of spreading factor 512.
In UE measurements, this corresponds to the 256 codes that can be assigned within
the class of spreading factor 256, with both I and Q branches.
The first entries of the table indicate the channels that must be available in the signal to
be analyzed and any other control channels (see Chapter 4.2, "BTS channel types",
on page 46 and Chapter 4.3, "UE channel types", on page 50).
The lower part of the table indicates the data channels that are contained in the signal.
If the type of a channel can be fully recognized, based on pilot sequences or modula-
tion type, the type is indicated in the table. In BTS measurements, all other channels
are of type CHAN.
The channels are in descending order according to symbol rates and, within a symbol
rate, in ascending order according to the channel numbers. Therefore, the unassigned
codes are always displayed at the end of the table.
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Figure 3-2: Channel Table display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CTABle, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? CTABle
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? PWCDp
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? CWCDp
Table Configuration ← Channel Table
You can configure which parameters are displayed in the Channel Table by clicking
(not double-clicking!) a column header.
A "Table Configuration" dialog box is displayed in which you can select the columns to
be displayed.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
By default, only active channels are displayed. In order to display all channels, including the inactive ones, enable the "Show Inactive Channels" option.
The following parameters of the detected channels are determined by the CDP measurement and can be displayed in the Channel Table evaluation. (For details see
Chapter 3.1.1, "Code domain parameters", on page 18.)
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Table 3-4: Code domain power results in the channel table
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Label Description
Chan Type Type of channel (active channels only)
Ch. SF Number of channel spreading code (0 to [spreading factor-1])
Symbol Rate [ksps] Symbol rate at which the channel is transmitted
In BTS measurements: always
State Active: channel is active and all pilot symbols are correct
Inactive: channel is not active
Pilotf: channel is active, but pilot symbols incomplete or missing
TFCI (BTS measurements only):
Data channel uses TFCI symbols
Mapping (UE measurements only):
Branch the channel is mapped to (I or Q)
PilotL [Bits] Number of pilot bits in the channel
(UE measurements: only for control channel DPCCH)
Pwr Abs [dBm]/Pwr Rel [dBm] Absolute and relative channel power (referred to the CPICH or the
total power of the signal)
T Offs [Chips] (BTS measurements only):
Timing offset
Code Domain Power
Figure 3-3: Code Domain Power Display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
The Code Domain Power evaluation shows the power of all possible code channels in
the selected channel slot. The x-axis shows the possible code channels from 0 to the
highest spreading factor. Due to the circumstance that the power is regulated from slot
to slot, the result power may differ between different slots. Detected channels are displayed yellow. The selected code channel is highlighted red. The codes where no
channel could be detected are displayed green.
Note: Effects of missing or incomplete pilot symbols. In "Autosearch" channel detection
mode, the application expects specific pilot symbols for DPCH channels. If these symbols are missing or incomplete, the channel power in the Code Domain Power evaluation is displayed green at the points of the diagram the channel should appear due to
its spreading code, and a message ("INCORRECT PILOT") is displayed in the status
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bar. In this case, check the pilot symbols for those channels using the Power vs Slot or
the Bitstream evaluations.
Optionally, all QPSK-modulated channels can also be recognized without pilot symbols
(see "HSDPA/UPA" on page 64).
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
CALC:MARK:FUNC:WCDP:RES? CDP, seeCALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
WCDPower[:BTS]:RESult on page 256
CALC:MARK:FUNC:WCDP:MS:RES? CDP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:
FUNCtion:WCDPower:MS:RESult? on page 255
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? CTABle
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? PWCDp
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? CWCDp
Code Domain Error Power
Code Domain Error Power is the difference in power between the measured and the
ideal signal. The unit is dB. There are no other units for the y-axis.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Figure 3-4: Code Domain Error Power Display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDEPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Composite Constellation
The Composite Constellation evaluation analyzes the entire signal for one single slot. If
a large number of channels is to be analyzed, the results are superimposed. In that
case the benefit of this evaluation is limited (senseless).
In Composite Constellation evaluation the constellation points of the 1536 chips are
displayed for the specified slot. This data is determined inside the DSP even before the
channel search. Thus, it is not possible to assign constellation points to channels. The
constellation points are displayed normalized with respect to the total power.
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2560|%100*
²
²
1
0
0
N
x
xs
EVM
N
n
n
N
n
nn
RMS
Figure 3-5: Composite Constellation display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CCONst, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Composite EVM
The Composite EVM evaluation displays the root mean square composite EVM (modulation accuracy) according to the 3GPP specification. The square root is determined of
the mean squared errors between the real and imaginary components of the received
signal and an ideal reference signal (EVM referenced to the total signal). The error is
averaged over all channels for individual slots. The Composite EVM evaluation covers
the entire signal during the entire observation time.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
where:
EVM
RMS
s
n
x
n
n index number for mean power calculation of received and reference signal.
N number of chips at each CPICH slot
root mean square of the vector error of the composite signal
complex chip value of received signal
complex chip value of reference signal
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Figure 3-6: Composite EVM display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
The measurement result consists of one composite EVM measurement value per slot.
In this case, the measurement interval is the slot spacing of the CPICH (timing offset of
0 chips referenced to the beginning of the frame). Only the channels recognized as
active are used to generate the ideal reference signal. If an assigned channel is not
recognized as active since pilot symbols are missing or incomplete, the difference
between the measurement and reference signal and the composite EVM is very high.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CEVM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
EVM vs Chip
EVM vs Chip activates the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) versus chip display. The
EVM is displayed for all chips of the selected slot.
Note: In UE measurements, if the measurement interval "Halfslot" is selected for evaluation, 30 slots are displayed instead of the usual 15 (see "Measurement Interval"
on page 121).
The EVM is calculated by the root of the square difference of received signal and reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from the channel configuration of all
active channels. The EVM is related to the square root of the mean power of reference
signal and given in percent.
where:
EVM
s
k
x
k
k
vector error of the chip EVM of chip number k
complex chip value of received signal
complex chip value of reference signal
k index number of the evaluated chip
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Figure 3-7: EVM vs Chip display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, EVMChip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
N number of chips at each CPICH slot
n index number for mean power calculation of reference signal
Frequency Error vs Slot
For each value to be displayed, the difference between the frequency error of the corresponding slot to the frequency error of the first (zero) slot is calculated (based on
CPICH slots). This helps eliminate a static frequency offset of the whole signal to achieve a better display of the actual time-dependant frequency diagram.
Figure 3-8: Frequency Error vs Slot display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, FESLot, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? ATRACE
Mag Error vs Chip
The Magnitude Error versus chip display shows the magnitude error for all chips of the
selected slot.
Note: In UE measurements, if the measurement interval "Halfslot" is selected for evaluation, 30 slots are displayed instead of the usual 15 (see "Measurement Interval"
on page 121).
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The magnitude error is calculated as the difference of the magnitude of the received
signal to the magnitude of the reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from
the channel configuration of all active channels. The magnitude error is related to the
square root of the mean power of reference signal and given in percent.
Where:
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
MAG
k
s
k
x
k
k Index number of the evaluated chip
N Number of chips at each CPICH slot
n Index number for mean power calculation of reference signal
Figure 3-9: Magnitude Error vs Chip display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Magnitude error of chip number k
Complex chip value of received signal
Complex chip value of reference signal
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MECHip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.
(See "Marker Table Display" on page 128).
Tip: To navigate within long marker tables, simply scroll through the entries with your
finger on the touchscreen.
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 282
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 283
Peak Code Domain Error
In line with the 3GPP specifications, the error between the measurement signal and
the ideal reference signal for a given slot and for all codes is projected onto the various
spreading factors. The result consists of the peak code domain error value per slot.
The measurement interval is the slot spacing of the CPICH (timing offset of 0 chips referenced to the beginning of the frame). Only the channels recognized as active are
used to generate the ideal reference signal for the peak code domain error. If an
assigned channel is not recognized as active since pilot symbols are missing or incomplete, the difference between the measurement and reference signal is very high. This
display is a bar diagram over slots. The unit is dB. The Peak Code Domain Error evaluation covers the entire signal and the entire observation time.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Figure 3-10: Peak Code Domain Error display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PCDerror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Phase Discontinuity vs Slot
The Phase Discontinuity vs Slot is calculated according to 3GPP specifications. The
phase calculated for each slot is interpolated to both ends of the slot using the frequency shift of that slot. The difference between the phase interpolated for the beginning of one slot and the end of the preceding slot is displayed as the phase discontinuity of that slot.
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Figure 3-11: Phase Discontinuity vs Slot display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PDSLot, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 242
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Phase Error vs Chip
Phase Error vs Chip activates the phase error versus chip display. The phase error is
displayed for all chips of the selected slot.
Note: In UE measurements, if the measurement interval "Halfslot" is selected for evaluation, 30 slots are displayed instead of the usual 15 (see "Measurement Interval"
on page 121).
The phase error is calculated by the difference of the phase of received signal and
phase of reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from the channel configuration of all active channels. The phase error is given in degrees in a range of +180° to
-180°.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Figure 3-12: Calculating the magnitude, phase and vector error per chip
Where:
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