R&S®FSV-K54
EMI Measurement Application
User Manual
(;ÚÙÅ2)
1176.7555.02 ─ 03
User Manual
Test & Measurement
This manual covers the following products:
●
R&S FSV-K54 (1310.0425.02)
for the R&S FSVR Realtime Spectrum Analyzer and the R&S FSV/FSVA Signal and Spectrum Analyzer.
This manual describes the following R&S FSV/FSVA models with firmware version 3.00 and higher:
●
R&S®FSV4 (1321.3008K04)
●
R&S®FSVA4 (1321.3008K05)
●
R&S®FSV7 (1321.3008K07)
●
R&S®FSVA7 (1321.3008K08)
●
R&S®FSV13 (1321.3008K13)
●
R&S®FSVA13 (1321.3008K14)
●
R&S®FSV30 (1321.3008K30)
●
R&S®FSVA30 (1321.3008K31)
●
R&S®FSV40 (1321.3008K39/1321.3008K40)
●
R&S®FSVA40 (1321.3008K41)
It also applies to the following R&S®FSV models. However, note the differences described in Chapter 1.1,
"Notes for Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx Models", on page 5.
●
R&S®FSV3 (1307.9002K03)
●
R&S®FSV7 (1307.9002K07)
●
R&S®FSV13 (1307.9002K13)
●
R&S®FSV30 (1307.9002K30)
●
R&S®FSV40 (1307.9002K39/1307.9002K40)
© 2015 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FSV/FSVA is abbreviated as R&S FSV.
R&S®FSV-K54
1.1 Notes for Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx Models.................................................. 5
3.1 Selecting a Detector......................................................................................................7
3.2 Selecting the Measurement Bandwidth.................................................................... 10
3.3 Setting the Number of Sweep Points........................................................................ 11
3.4 Controlling V-Networks (LISN)...................................................................................11
3.5 Using Transducer Factors..........................................................................................12
3.6 Performing a Peak Search..........................................................................................12
Contents
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 5
2 Introduction............................................................................................ 6
3 Measurement Background....................................................................7
3.7 Measuring at the Marker Position..............................................................................14
3.8 Evaluating the Results................................................................................................14
4 Configuring and Performing the Measurement.................................16
4.1 Measurement Configuration...................................................................................... 16
4.2 Peak Search.................................................................................................................18
4.3 Final Evaluation...........................................................................................................20
5 Remote Commands for EMI Measurements...................................... 23
5.1 Configuring the Measurement................................................................................... 23
5.2 Performing a Peak Search..........................................................................................27
5.3 Evaluating the Results................................................................................................30
List of Commands................................................................................35
Index......................................................................................................36
3User Manual 1176.7555.02 ─ 03
R&S®FSV-K54
Contents
4User Manual 1176.7555.02 ─ 03
R&S®FSV-K54
1 Preface
Preface
Notes for Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx Models
1.1 Notes for Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx Models
Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx models should consider the following differences to
the description of the newer R&S FSV/FSVA 1321.3008Kxx models:
●
Functions that are based on the Windows7 operating system (e.g. printing or setting up networks) may have a slightly different appearance or require different settings on the Windows XP based models. For such functions, refer to the Windows
documentation or the documentation originally provided with the R&S FSV instrument.
●
The R&S FSV 1307.9002K03 model is restricted to a maximum frequency of
3 GHz, whereas the R&S FSV/FSVA1321.3008K04 model has a maximum frequency of 4 GHz.
●
The bandwidth extension option R&S FSV-B160 (1311.2015.xx) is not available for
the R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx models. The maximum usable I/Q analysis bandwidth
for these models is 28 MHz, or with option R&S FSV-B70, 40 MHz.
5User Manual 1176.7555.02 ─ 03
R&S®FSV-K54
2 Introduction
Introduction
The R&S FSV-K54 EMI measurement application is a firmware option that adds functionality to perform EMI measurements to the base unit. With its features, the
R&S FSV-K54 is suitable for measurements according to commercial and military EMC
standards. The functionality of the option is particularly useful in research and development.
The firmware option is available for the R&S FSVR realtime spectrum analyzer and the
R&S FSV signal and spectrum analyzer.
The R&S FSV-K54 features
●
EMI measurement marker functionality
●
marker demodulation (with option R&S FSV-B3)
●
measurement bandwidths and detectors for EMI measurements
●
logarithmic scaling of the frequency axis
●
additional predefined limit lines for EMC standards
●
predefined transducer factors
●
LISN control (with option R&S FSV-B5)
The R&S FSV-K54 integrates its functionality into the measurement and marker functions that are available in spectrum mode. This manual describes the functionality that
is part of the R&S FSV-K54 only. All functions not discussed in this manual work as
described in the documentation for the R&S FSVR or the R&S FSV (e.g. frequency or
amplitude settings).
The latest version is available for download at the product homepage (http://
www2.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSVR.html).
The latest version is available for download at the product homepage (http://
www2.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSV.html).
6User Manual 1176.7555.02 ─ 03
R&S®FSV-K54
3 Measurement Background
Measurement Background
Selecting a Detector
EMI measurements can be very time-consuming, especially if weighting detectors are
required for the measurement. In addition, EMC testing often requires various procedures to locate local EMI maxima. Such procedures are, for example, movements of
an absorbing clamp, variations in the height of the test antenna or the rotation of the
DUT.
Covering all test setups with one of the (slow) EMI weighting detectors over the
required frequency range would lead to very high measurement times.
Splitting the measurement procedure into several stages, however, can eliminate this
problem.
The first stage, or peak search, is used to get a rough idea about the location of peak
powers that may indicate interference over the required frequency range. You can use
a detector that allows for a fast sweep time, e.g. the peak detector.
During the second stage, or final evaluation, the R&S FSV/FSVA performs the actual
EMC test, with detectors designed for and required by EMC standards. To keep measurement times brief, the R&S FSV/FSVA performs a measurement only on frequencies you have marked with a marker or delta marker. You can assign a different detector to every marker and thus test a particular frequency easily for compliance.
3.1 Selecting a Detector......................................................................................................7
3.2 Selecting the Measurement Bandwidth.................................................................... 10
3.3 Setting the Number of Sweep Points........................................................................ 11
3.4 Controlling V-Networks (LISN)...................................................................................11
3.5 Using Transducer Factors..........................................................................................12
3.6 Performing a Peak Search..........................................................................................12
3.7 Measuring at the Marker Position..............................................................................14
3.8 Evaluating the Results................................................................................................14
3.1 Selecting a Detector
The R&S FSV-K54 adds new detectors to those already available with the base unit.
The additional detectors are especially designed for and required by EMI applications.
Positive and negative peak detector
The maximum and minimum peak detectors displays the maximum and minimum signal level that was detected during the specified dwell time.
Regarding measurement time,
●
you can use the shortest time possible when measuring unmodulated signals
7User Manual 1176.7555.02 ─ 03
R&S®FSV-K54
Measurement Background
Selecting a Detector
●
you should set a time that is long enough to capture at least one complete pulse
when measuring pulsed singals
The minimum and maximum peak detectors are already available with the base unit.
Average detector
The average detector displays the average signal level of the samples that were collected during the specified dwell time.
Regarding measurement time,
●
you can use shortest time possible when measuring unmodulated signals
●
you should set a time that is long enough to capture several complete pulses (at
least 10) when measuring pulsed signals
●
you should be aware that the time is determined by the lowest modulation frequency to be averaged
The average detector is already available with the base unit.
RMS detector
The RMS detector evaluates the root mean square (RMS) value over the specified
dwell time and displays the resulting value. The integration time is the specified dwell
time.
Regarding measurement time, you can follow the guidelines of the average detector.
The RMS detector is already available with the base unit.
Sample detector
The sample detector displays the last value from the samples allocated to a pixel.
The sample detector is used for noise or phase noise marker calculation. However, it is
unreliable if the displayed span is much greater then the resolution bandwidth or if the
tuning steps of the local oscillator are too large.
The sample detector is available in spectrum or real-time mode.
Quasipeak detector (R&S FSV-K54 only)
The quasipeak detector displays the maximum signal level weighted to CISPR 16-1-1
that was detected during the dwell time.
Regarding measurement time,
●
you should select a dwell time of at least 1 second when measuring unknown signals. This value makes sure that pulses down to a frequency of 5 Hz are weighted
correctly.
●
you can select a shorter time when measuring known signals as the signal level
does not change during the sweep.
After an internal switch, the R&S FSV/FSVA waits until the measurement result has
stabilized before it starts the actual measurement.
The quasipeak detector is available with the R&S FSV-K54.
8User Manual 1176.7555.02 ─ 03
R&S®FSV-K54
Measurement Background
Selecting a Detector
CISPR Average detector (R&S FSV-K54 only)
The CISPR Average detector displays a weighted average signal level according to
CISPR 16-1-1.
The average value according to CISPR 16-1-1 is the maximum value of the linear average value that was detected during the specified dwell time.
The CISPR Average detector is applied to measure pulsed sinusoidal signals with a
low pulse frequency, for example. It is calibrated with the RMS value of an unmodulated sinusoidal signal. The average value is determined by lowpass filters of the 2nd
order (the simulation of a mechanical instrument).
The filter bandwidth and time constants of the detector are coupled to the receiver frequency.
Frequency range <150 kHz 150 kHz to 30 MHz 30 MHz to 1 GHz >1 GHz
IF bandwidth 200 Hz 9 kHz 120 kHz 1 MHz
Time constant of
instrument
Band A Band B Band C/D Band E
160 ms 160 ms 100 ms 100 ms
Regarding measurement time,
●
you should select a dwell time of at least 1 second when measuring unknown signals. This time makes sure that pulses down to a frequency of 5 Hz are weighted
correctly.
●
you should select a long time for measurement on pulsed signals or signals that
fluctuate slowly.
●
you can select a short time when measuring unmodulated signals or signals with a
high modulation frequency.
When you change the receiver frequency or the attenuation, the R&S FSV/FSVA waits
until the the lowpass filter has settled before starting the measurement. The measurement time in that case depends on the resolution bandwidth and the characteristics of
the signal.
The CISPR Average detector is available with the R&S FSV-K54.
RMS Average detector (R&S FSV-K54 only)
The RMS Average detector is a combination of the RMS detector (for pulse repetition
frequencies above a corner frequency) and the Average detector (for pulse repetition
frequencies below the corner frequency). It thus achieves a pulse response curve with
the following characteristics: 10 dB/decade above the corner frequency and 20 dB/
decade below the corner frequency. The average value is determined by lowpass filters of the 2nd order (simulation of a mechanical instrument).
The detector is used, for example, to measure broadband emissions and may replace
the quasipeak detector in the future.
9User Manual 1176.7555.02 ─ 03
R&S®FSV-K54
Measurement Background
Selecting the Measurement Bandwidth
Frequency range <150 kHz 150 kHz to 30 MHz 30 MHz to 1 GHz >1 GHz
IF bandwidth 200 Hz 9 kHz 120 kHz 1 MHz
Time constant of
instrument
Corner frequency 10 Hz 100 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz
Band A Band B Band C/D Band E
160 ms 160 ms 100 ms 100 ms
Regarding measurement time, you can follow the guidelines of the CISPR Average
detector.
The RMS Average detector is available with the R&S FSV-K54.
3.2 Selecting the Measurement Bandwidth
EMI testing require resolution filters with a 6 dB bandwidth. The R&S FSV/FSVA adds
the following bandwidths that comply to civil and military standards to those already
available with the base unit:
Commercial (CISPR, FFC etc.)
●
200 Hz
●
9 kHz
●
120 kHz
●
1 MHz
Military (MIL Std)
●
10 Hz
●
100 Hz
●
1 kHz
●
10 kHz
●
100 kHz
●
1 MHz
If you select the bandwidth with the "Res BW CISPR" or "Res BW Mil Std" softkey, the
R&S FSV/FSVA automatically selects the 6 dB EMI filter.
If you select the bandwidth with the "Res BW" softkey, you have to select one of the
6 dB filters (commercial or military) in the "Bandwidth" menu first to access those bandwidths.
You have to select the bandwidth with the rotary knob or enter the bandwidth directly
with the alphanumeric keypad.
If you are using the Quasipeak, CISPR Average or Average RMS detector, the bandwidth is fixed depending on the frequency. For more information see Chapter 3.1,
"Selecting a Detector", on page 7.
10User Manual 1176.7555.02 ─ 03
R&S®FSV-K54
Measurement Background
Controlling V-Networks (LISN)
3.3 Setting the Number of Sweep Points
The number of sweep points defines the number of measurement values collected during one sweep. Thus, increasing the sweep points also increases the accuracy of the
results regarding the frequency resolution.
Because EMI measurements often cover a large frequency range you should define an
adequate number of sweep points, especially when performing the measurement on a
logarithmic axis. Like on a linear axis, the distance from one sweep point to the next is
calculated graphically on a logarithmic axis, and is not based on the frequency itself.
Thus, the frequency resolution between two sweep points deteriorates with higher frequencies.
The resolution bandwidth should cover at least one sweep point (more is better). If this
condition is not met, signals or interferences could be missed during final evaluation of
narrowband interferers.
Example:
Linear axis:
In case of a linear axis, the distance between the sweep points is equal, e.g. 200 kHz.
Logarithmic axis:
In case of a logarithmic axis, the distance between sweep points is variable. In the
spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 Hz, the distance is a few Hz. Between 100 MHz and
1 GHz, the distance is several MHz.
The R&S FSV/FSVA supports a maximum of 200000 sweep points. This number is
based on typical bands measured with a single resolution bandwidth. There are sufficient sweep points to make sure that a signal is found when doing the final evaluation.
Even when covering 30 MHz to 1 GHz with logarithmic scaling and 120 kHz RBW.
3.4 Controlling V-Networks (LISN)
For measurements with power lines, the R&S FSV-K54 adds functionality to directly
control a line impedance stabilization network (LISN).
11User Manual 1176.7555.02 ─ 03
Loading...