R&S®FSV3-K70
Vector Signal Analysis
User Manual
(;Üëâ2)
1178938402
Version 08
This manual applies to the following R&S®FSV3000 and R&S®FSVA3000 models with firmware version
1.70 and higher:
●
R&S®FSV3004 (1330.5000K04) / R&S®FSVA3004 (1330.5000K05)
●
R&S®FSV3007 (1330.5000K07) / R&S®FSVA3007 (1330.5000K08)
●
R&S®FSV3013 (1330.5000K13) / R&S®FSVA3013 (1330.5000K14)
●
R&S®FSV3030 (1330.5000K30) / R&S®FSVA3030 (1330.5000K31)
●
R&S®FSV3044 (1330.5000K43) / R&S®FSVA3044 (1330.5000K44)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FSV/A-K70 (1330.5074.02)
●
R&S FSV/A-K70P (1346.3382.02)
●
R&S FSV/A-K70M (1346.3376.02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.9384.02 | Version 08 | R&S®FSV3-K70
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g. R&S®FSV3 is indicated as
R&S FSV3. R&S®SMW200A is indicated as R&S SMW200A.
R&S®FSV3-K70
1 Documentation overview.....................................................................13
1.1 Getting started manual............................................................................................... 13
1.2 User manuals and help...............................................................................................13
1.3 Service manual............................................................................................................13
1.4 Instrument security procedures................................................................................ 14
1.5 Printed safety instructions.........................................................................................14
1.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................ 14
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).......................................14
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc......................................... 15
2 Welcome to the R&S FSV3 VSA application......................................16
Contents
Contents
2.1 Introduction to vector signal analysis...................................................................... 17
2.2 Starting the VSA application......................................................................................18
2.3 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 18
3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 21
3.1 Evaluation data sources in VSA................................................................................ 21
3.2 Result types in VSA.................................................................................................... 25
3.2.1 Bit error rate (BER)....................................................................................................... 27
3.2.2 Channel frequency response group delay.................................................................... 29
3.2.3 Channel frequency response magnitude...................................................................... 30
3.2.4 Constellation frequency.................................................................................................31
3.2.5 Constellation I/Q............................................................................................................31
3.2.6 Constellation I/Q (rotated)............................................................................................. 33
3.2.7 Error vector magnitude (EVM)...................................................................................... 34
3.2.8 Eye diagram frequency................................................................................................. 35
3.2.9 Eye diagram imag (Q)................................................................................................... 36
3.2.10 Eye diagram real (I).......................................................................................................38
3.2.11 Frequency absolute.......................................................................................................39
3.2.12 Frequency relative.........................................................................................................40
3.2.13 Frequency error absolute.............................................................................................. 41
3.2.14 Frequency error relative................................................................................................ 43
3.2.15 Frequency response group delay..................................................................................44
3User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
3.2.16 Frequency response magnitude....................................................................................45
3.2.17 Frequency response phase...........................................................................................45
3.2.18 Impulse response magnitude........................................................................................ 46
3.2.19 Impulse response phase............................................................................................... 47
3.2.20 Impulse response real/imag.......................................................................................... 48
3.2.21 Magnitude absolute.......................................................................................................48
3.2.22 Magnitude overview (capture buffer).............................................................................50
3.2.23 Magnitude relative.........................................................................................................51
3.2.24 Magnitude error.............................................................................................................52
3.2.25 Phase error................................................................................................................... 53
3.2.26 Phase wrap................................................................................................................... 54
3.2.27 Phase unwrap............................................................................................................... 55
3.2.28 Real/imag (I/Q)..............................................................................................................56
Contents
3.2.29 Result summary............................................................................................................ 57
3.2.30 Spectrum (capture buffer + error)..................................................................................60
3.2.31 Spectrum (measurement + error)..................................................................................62
3.2.32 Symbol table................................................................................................................. 63
3.2.33 Vector frequency........................................................................................................... 65
3.2.34 Vector I/Q...................................................................................................................... 65
3.3 Predefined display configuration.............................................................................. 67
3.4 Common parameters in VSA......................................................................................68
4 Measurement basics............................................................................70
4.1 Filters and bandwidths during signal processing................................................... 70
4.1.1 I/Q bandwidth................................................................................................................ 71
4.1.2 Demodulation bandwidth (measurement bandwidth)....................................................72
4.1.3 Modulation and demodulation filters............................................................................. 72
4.1.4 Measurement filters.......................................................................................................73
4.1.5 Customized filters..........................................................................................................75
4.2 Sample rate, symbol rate and I/Q bandwidth........................................................... 77
4.2.1 Sample rate and maximum usable I/Q bandwidth for RF input.....................................78
4.2.1.1 Bandwidth extension options........................................................................................ 79
4.2.1.2 Relationship between sample rate, record length and usable I/Q bandwidth............... 79
4.2.1.3 R&S FSV/A without additional bandwidth extension options........................................ 80
4User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
4.2.1.4 R&S FSV/A with I/Q bandwidth extension option B40 or U40...................................... 81
4.2.1.5 R&S FSV/A with I/Q bandwidth extension option B200................................................ 81
4.2.1.6 R&S FSV/A with I/Q bandwidth extension option B400................................................ 81
4.2.1.7 R&S FSV/A with I/Q bandwidth extension option B600................................................ 82
4.2.1.8 R&S FSV/A with I/Q bandwidth extension option B1000.............................................. 82
4.3 Symbol mapping......................................................................................................... 82
4.3.1 Phase shift keying (PSK).............................................................................................. 83
4.3.2 Rotating PSK.................................................................................................................87
4.3.3 Differential PSK.............................................................................................................90
4.3.4 Rotating differential PSK modulation.............................................................................91
4.3.5 Offset QPSK..................................................................................................................93
4.3.6 Shaped offset QPSK..................................................................................................... 94
4.3.7 Frequency shift keying (FSK)........................................................................................95
Contents
4.3.8 Minimum shift keying (MSK)....................................................................................... 100
4.3.9 Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)................................................................... 101
4.3.10 ASK............................................................................................................................. 113
4.3.11 APSK...........................................................................................................................114
4.3.12 User-defined modulation............................................................................................. 115
4.4 Overview of the demodulation process.................................................................. 116
4.4.1 Burst search................................................................................................................ 119
4.4.2 I/Q pattern search....................................................................................................... 120
4.4.3 Demodulation and symbol decisions...........................................................................121
4.4.4 Pattern symbol check..................................................................................................124
4.4.5 Synchronization and the reference signal................................................................... 125
4.4.6 The equalizer.............................................................................................................. 127
4.5 Signal model, estimation and modulation errors...................................................129
4.5.1 PSK, QAM and MSK modulation................................................................................ 130
4.5.1.1 Error model................................................................................................................. 130
4.5.1.2 Estimation................................................................................................................... 131
4.5.1.3 Modulation errors........................................................................................................ 132
4.5.2 FSK modulation...........................................................................................................141
4.5.2.1 Error model................................................................................................................. 143
4.5.2.2 Estimation................................................................................................................... 144
5User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
4.5.2.3 Modulation errors........................................................................................................ 145
4.6 Measurement ranges................................................................................................ 146
4.6.1 Result range................................................................................................................147
4.6.2 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 149
4.7 Display points vs estimation points per symbol....................................................151
4.8 Capture buffer display.............................................................................................. 152
4.9 Known data files - dependencies and restrictions................................................ 154
4.10 Known data from PRBS generators........................................................................ 155
4.11 Multi-modulation analysis (R&S FSV/A-K70M).......................................................157
4.12 I/Q data import and export....................................................................................... 163
5 Configuration......................................................................................164
5.1 Configuration overview............................................................................................ 164
Contents
5.2 Configuration according to digital standards........................................................ 168
5.3 Signal description..................................................................................................... 170
5.3.1 Modulation...................................................................................................................170
5.3.2 Signal structure........................................................................................................... 174
5.3.3 Frame structure...........................................................................................................177
5.3.3.1 General frame structure settings.................................................................................177
5.3.3.2 Frame configuration.................................................................................................... 180
5.3.4 Known data................................................................................................................. 185
5.4 Input, output and frontend settings.........................................................................188
5.4.1 Input settings...............................................................................................................188
5.4.1.1 Radio frequency input................................................................................................. 189
5.4.1.2 Settings for input from I/Q data files............................................................................192
5.4.2 Output settings............................................................................................................ 194
5.4.3 Frequency settings......................................................................................................196
5.4.4 Amplitude and vertical axis configuration....................................................................198
5.4.4.1 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................198
5.4.4.2 Scaling........................................................................................................................ 203
5.4.4.3 Units............................................................................................................................ 206
5.5 Signal capture........................................................................................................... 207
5.5.1 Data acquisition...........................................................................................................207
5.5.2 Trigger settings............................................................................................................209
6User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
5.5.3 Sweep settings............................................................................................................214
5.6 Burst and pattern configuration.............................................................................. 216
5.6.1 Burst search................................................................................................................ 216
5.6.2 Pattern search.............................................................................................................218
5.6.3 Pattern configuration................................................................................................... 220
5.6.4 Pattern definition......................................................................................................... 223
5.7 Result range configuration...................................................................................... 226
5.8 Demodulation settings............................................................................................. 228
5.8.1 Demodulation - compensation and equalizer..............................................................228
5.8.2 Advanced demodulation (synchronization)................................................................. 232
5.9 Measurement filter settings..................................................................................... 236
5.10 Evaluation range configuration............................................................................... 237
5.11 Adjusting settings automatically.............................................................................239
Contents
5.12 Restoring factory settings for vector signal analysis........................................... 241
6 Analysis.............................................................................................. 242
6.1 Trace settings............................................................................................................242
6.2 Trace export settings................................................................................................246
6.3 Markers...................................................................................................................... 248
6.3.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 249
6.3.2 Marker search settings................................................................................................250
6.3.3 Marker positioning functions....................................................................................... 252
6.4 Limit and display lines..............................................................................................253
6.4.1 Display lines for eye diagrams.................................................................................... 253
6.4.2 Modulation accuracy limit lines................................................................................... 254
6.5 Display and window configuration..........................................................................257
6.5.1 Result window configuration....................................................................................... 257
7 How to perform vector signal analysis............................................ 262
7.1 How to perform VSA according to digital standards.............................................262
7.2 How to perform customized VSA measurements.................................................. 264
7.2.1 How to define the result range.................................................................................... 265
7.2.2 How to select user-defined filters................................................................................ 266
7.2.3 How to perform pattern searches................................................................................267
7.2.3.1 How to assign patterns to a standard..........................................................................268
7User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
7.2.3.2 How to define a new pattern....................................................................................... 268
7.2.3.3 How to manage patterns............................................................................................. 271
7.2.4 How to work with known data files.............................................................................. 272
7.2.4.1 How to load known data files...................................................................................... 273
7.2.4.2 How to create known data files................................................................................... 273
7.2.5 How to work with PRBS as known data...................................................................... 275
7.3 How to analyze the measured data......................................................................... 276
7.3.1 How to change the display scaling..............................................................................277
7.3.1.1 How to scale time and spectrum diagrams................................................................. 277
7.3.1.2 How to scale statistics diagrams................................................................................. 278
7.3.2 How to measure the size of an eye.............................................................................280
7.3.3 How to check limits for modulation accuracy.............................................................. 281
7.3.4 How to export the trace data to a file.......................................................................... 282
Contents
8 Measurement examples.....................................................................283
8.1 Connecting the transmitter and analyzer............................................................... 283
8.2 Measurement example 1: continuous QPSK signal.............................................. 284
8.2.1 Transmitter settings.....................................................................................................284
8.2.2 Analyzer settings.........................................................................................................285
8.2.3 Changing the display configuration............................................................................. 286
8.2.4 Navigating through the capture buffer.........................................................................287
8.2.5 Averaging several evaluations.................................................................................... 288
8.3 Measurement example 2: burst GSM EDGE signals..............................................289
8.3.1 Transmitter settings.....................................................................................................289
8.3.2 Analyzer settings.........................................................................................................291
8.3.3 Navigating through the capture buffer.........................................................................292
8.3.4 Evaluating the rising and falling edges........................................................................293
8.3.5 Setting the evaluation range....................................................................................... 294
8.3.6 Comparing the measurement signal to the reference signal.......................................295
9 Troubleshooting the measurement.................................................. 297
9.1 Flow chart for troubleshooting................................................................................ 297
9.2 Explanation of status bar messages.......................................................................299
9.3 Frequently asked questions.....................................................................................308
9.3.1 Issues with graphical results....................................................................................... 308
8User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
9.3.2 Issues with numeric results......................................................................................... 313
9.3.3 Synchronization and demodulation problems............................................................. 317
9.3.4 Other measurement issues......................................................................................... 318
10 Remote commands for VSA..............................................................320
10.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 320
10.1.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 321
10.1.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 322
10.1.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................322
10.1.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................322
10.1.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 323
10.1.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................323
10.1.6.1 Numeric values........................................................................................................... 323
Contents
10.1.6.2 Boolean....................................................................................................................... 324
10.1.6.3 Character data............................................................................................................ 324
10.1.6.4 Character strings.........................................................................................................325
10.1.6.5 Block data................................................................................................................... 325
10.2 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 325
10.3 Activating vector signal analysis............................................................................ 325
10.4 Digital standards....................................................................................................... 329
10.5 Configuring VSA....................................................................................................... 331
10.5.1 Signal description........................................................................................................332
10.5.1.1 Modulation...................................................................................................................332
10.5.1.2 Signal structure........................................................................................................... 341
10.5.1.3 Frame structure...........................................................................................................344
10.5.1.4 Known data................................................................................................................. 355
10.5.2 Input, output and frontend settings..............................................................................359
10.5.2.1 RF input.......................................................................................................................359
10.5.2.2 Configuring file input................................................................................................... 362
10.5.2.3 Using external mixers..................................................................................................363
Basic settings.............................................................................................................. 363
Mixer settings.............................................................................................................. 365
Conversion loss table settings.................................................................................... 371
Programming example: working with an external mixer..............................................375
9User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
10.5.2.4 Remote commands for external frontend control........................................................ 377
10.5.2.5 Output settings............................................................................................................ 392
10.5.2.6 Configuring the trigger output......................................................................................393
10.5.2.7 Frequency................................................................................................................... 395
10.5.2.8 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................397
10.5.2.9 Scaling and units.........................................................................................................403
10.5.3 Signal capture............................................................................................................. 409
10.5.4 Triggering measurements........................................................................................... 413
10.5.5 Configuring sweeps.....................................................................................................417
Contents
Commands for initial configuration..............................................................................377
Commands for test, alignment, and diagnosis............................................................ 384
Format of selftest result file......................................................................................... 386
Programming example: configuring an external frontend........................................... 391
10.5.6 Configuring bursts and patterns.................................................................................. 419
10.5.6.1 Burst search................................................................................................................ 419
10.5.6.2 Pattern searches......................................................................................................... 421
10.5.6.3 Configuring patterns....................................................................................................423
10.5.7 Defining the result range............................................................................................. 426
10.5.8 Demodulation settings.................................................................................................429
10.5.9 Measurement filter settings......................................................................................... 438
10.5.10 Defining the evaluation range..................................................................................... 440
10.5.11 Adjusting settings automatically.................................................................................. 441
10.6 Performing a measurement......................................................................................444
10.7 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 448
10.7.1 Configuring traces....................................................................................................... 448
10.7.2 Working with markers..................................................................................................452
10.7.2.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 452
10.7.2.2 Marker search and positioning settings.......................................................................457
10.7.3 Configuring display lines for eye diagrams................................................................. 464
10.7.4 Configuring modulation accuracy limit lines................................................................ 468
10.7.4.1 General commands.....................................................................................................469
10.7.4.2 Defining limits..............................................................................................................469
10.8 Configuring the result display................................................................................. 474
10User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
10.8.1 General window commands........................................................................................474
10.8.2 Working with windows in the display...........................................................................476
10.8.3 VSA window configuration.......................................................................................... 482
10.9 Retrieving results......................................................................................................490
10.9.1 Retrieving trace data and marker values.................................................................... 490
10.9.2 Measurement results for TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n>.........................................496
10.9.2.1 Capture buffer results..................................................................................................496
10.9.2.2 Cartesian diagrams..................................................................................................... 496
10.9.2.3 Polar diagrams............................................................................................................ 497
10.9.2.4 Symbols...................................................................................................................... 497
10.9.2.5 Result summary.......................................................................................................... 497
10.9.2.6 Equalizer..................................................................................................................... 498
10.9.2.7 Multi source.................................................................................................................498
Contents
10.9.3 Retrieving general burst and pattern information........................................................ 498
10.9.4 Retrieving parameter values....................................................................................... 503
10.9.5 Retrieving limit check results.......................................................................................518
10.10 Importing and exporting I/Q data and results........................................................ 520
10.11 Status reporting system...........................................................................................521
10.11.1 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC<n> register..................................................................524
10.11.2 STATus:QUEStionable:MODulation<n> register.........................................................524
10.11.3 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:EVM register............................................... 524
10.11.4 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:PHASe register........................................... 525
10.11.5 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:MAGnitude register.....................................525
10.11.6 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:CFRequency register..................................526
10.11.7 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:IQRHO register........................................... 526
10.11.8 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:FSK register................................................527
10.11.9 Querying the status registers...................................................................................... 527
10.12 Deprecated commands.............................................................................................532
10.13 Programming examples........................................................................................... 533
10.13.1 Measurement example 1: user-defined measurement of continuous QPSK signal....534
10.13.2 Measurement example 2: GSM EDGE burst measurement based on a digital standard
.................................................................................................................................... 536
10.13.3 Measurement example 3: user-defined pattern search and limit check......................539
11User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
A Abbreviations..................................................................................... 542
B Predefined standards and settings.................................................. 543
C Predefined measurement and tx filters............................................552
C.1 Transmit filters.......................................................................................................... 552
C.2 Measurement filters.................................................................................................. 553
C.3 Typical combinations of tx and measurement filters.............................................554
D ASCII file export format for VSA data...............................................555
E Known data file syntax description..................................................557
F Formulae.............................................................................................559
F.1 Trace-based evaluations.......................................................................................... 559
Contents
Annex.................................................................................................. 542
F.2 Result summary evaluations................................................................................... 561
F.2.1 PSK, QAM and MSK modulation................................................................................ 561
F.2.2 FSK modulation...........................................................................................................563
F.3 Statistical evaluations for the result summary...................................................... 564
F.4 Trace averaging.........................................................................................................564
F.5 Analytically calculated filters................................................................................... 565
F.6 Standard-specific filters........................................................................................... 566
F.6.1 Transmit filter...............................................................................................................566
F.6.2 Measurement filter...................................................................................................... 566
F.6.2.1 EDGE measurement filters......................................................................................... 566
F.6.2.2 Low-isi filters............................................................................................................... 569
List of Commands (VSA)...................................................................573
Index....................................................................................................585
12User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
1 Documentation overview
1.1 Getting started manual
Documentation overview
Service manual
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSV/A user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSV/A product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSVA3000.html/
www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSV3000.html
Introduces the R&S FSV/A and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
1.2 User manuals and help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSV/A is
not included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSV/A. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
13User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
1.4 Instrument security procedures
1.5 Printed safety instructions
Documentation overview
Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
R&S®FSVA3000/FSV3000 Service manual
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSV/A in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
1.6 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSV/A. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSV3000 /
www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSVA3000
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSV3000 /
www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSVA3000
14User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers,
Documentation overview
Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSV3000 /
www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSVA3000
15User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
2 Welcome to the R&S FSV3 VSA application
Welcome to the R&S FSV3 VSA application
The R&S FSV3-K70 is a firmware application that adds functionality to perform vector
signal analysis (VSA) to the R&S FSV/A.
The R&S FSV3 VSA application performs vector and scalar measurements on digitally
modulated single-carrier signals. To perform the measurements, it converts RF signals
into the complex baseband. The R&S FSV3 VSA application can also use the optional
"Digital Baseband" interface or the optional "Analog Baseband" interface to analyze I/Q
signals already delivered to the complex baseband.
Use of an optional external mixer is also supported.
Use of an optional external frontend is also supported.
The R&S FSV3 VSA application features:
●
Flexible modulation analysis from MSK to 1024QAM
●
Numerous standard-specific default settings
●
Various graphical, numerical and statistical evaluations and result displays
●
Spectrum analyses of the measurement and error signal
●
Flexible burst search for the analysis of complex signal combinations, short bursts
or signal mix
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
General R&S FSV/A functions
The application-independent functions for general tasks on the R&S FSV/A are also
available for VSA measurements and are described in the R&S FSV/A user manual. In
particular, this comprises the following functionality:
●
Data management
●
General software preferences and information
The latest version is available for download at the product homepage
http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSV3000.html.
Additional information
Several application notes discussing vector signal analysis using the R&S FSV3 VSA
application are available from the Rohde & Schwarz website:
1EF93: Modulation Accuracy Measurements of DVB-S2 and DVB-S2X Signals
1EF55: EVM Measurements for ZigBee signals in the 2.4 GHz band
1MA171: How to use Rohde & Schwarz Instruments in MATLAB
16User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
2.1 Introduction to vector signal analysis
Welcome to the R&S FSV3 VSA application
Introduction to vector signal analysis
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the R&S FSV/A Getting Started manual
or in the Release Notes.
● Introduction to vector signal analysis...................................................................... 17
● Starting the VSA application................................................................................... 18
● Understanding the display information....................................................................18
The goal of vector signal analysis is to determine the quality of the signal that is transmitted by the device under test (DUT) by comparing it against an ideal signal. The DUT
is usually connected with the analyzer via a cable. The key task of the analyzer is to
determine the ideal signal. Hence, the analyzer aims to reconstruct the ideal signal
from the measured signal that is transmitted by the DUT. This ideal signal is commonly
referred to as the reference signal, while the signal from the DUT is called the mea-
surement signal.
After extracting the reference signal, the R&S FSV3 VSA application compares the
measurement signal and the reference signal, and the results of this comparison are
displayed.
Example:
The most common vector signal analysis measurement is the EVM ("Error Vector Magnitude") measurement. Here, the complex baseband reference signal is subtracted
from the complex baseband measurement signal. The magnitude of this error vector
represents the EVM value. The EVM has the advantage that it "summarizes" all potential errors and distortions in one single value. If the EVM value is low, the signal quality
of the DUT is high.
Figure 2-1: Simplified schema of vector signal analysis
17User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
2.2 Starting the VSA application
Welcome to the R&S FSV3 VSA application
Understanding the display information
The VSA application adds a new application to the R&S FSV/A.
To activate the VSA application
1. Select the [MODE] key.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FSV/A.
2. Select the "VSA" item.
The R&S FSV/A opens a new measurement channel for the VSA application.
The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. It can be configured
in the VSA "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Overview"
softkey from any menu (see Chapter 5.1, "Configuration overview", on page 164).
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the available memory on the instrument.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a
Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
are updated in the tabs (as well as the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function, see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
2.3 Understanding the display information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following
sections.
18User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
Welcome to the R&S FSV3 VSA application
Understanding the display information
1
2
3
4
5
1 = Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
2 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
3 = Diagram area
4 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on measurement application
5 = Instrument status bar with error messages, progress bar and date/time display
Channel bar information
In VSA application, the R&S FSV/A shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in VSA application
Ref Level Reference level
Offset Reference level offset (if not 0)
Cap Len Capture Length (instead of result length for "Capture Buffer" display), see
"Capture Length Settings" on page 208
Std/Mod Selected measurement standard or, if no standard selected, modulation
type or loaded user-defined modulation file
Res Len Result Length
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
SR Symbol Rate
Tx filter Transmit filter, see "Transmit Filter Type" on page 173
Res Rng # Number of the selected result range for burst signals, see Chapter 4.6.1,
"Result range", on page 147
Count Statistics count for averaging and other statistical operations, see "Statis-
tic Count" on page 215; cannot be edited directly
19User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
Welcome to the R&S FSV3 VSA application
Understanding the display information
Input Input type of the signal source
See Chapter 5.4.1, "Input settings", on page 188
Burst Burst search active (see "Enabling Burst Searches" on page 217)
Pattern Pattern search active (see "Enabling Pattern Searches" on page 219)
Equalizer "Equalizer" active (see "State" on page 231 )
SGL The sweep is set to single sweep mode.
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect
the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display
of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement.
For details see the R&S FSV/A Getting Started manual.
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
5
1 2
Figure 2-2: Window title bar information in VSA application
1 = Window name
2 = Result type
3 = Data source type
4 = Trace color
5 = Trace number
6 = Displayed signal for Meas&Ref or multi data source: "M" (Meas), "R" (Ref), "C" (Capture buffer), "E"
(Error)
7 = Trace mode
3
4
6 7
Diagram area
The diagram area displays the results according to the selected result displays (see
Chapter 3, "Measurements and result displays", on page 21).
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the start and stop symbols or time
of the evaluation range.
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
20User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
3 Measurements and result displays
3.1 Evaluation data sources in VSA
Measurements and result displays
Evaluation data sources in VSA
Various different result displays for VSA measurements are available. Which result
types are available depends on the selected data source. You can define which part of
the measured signal is to be evaluated and displayed.
The determined result and evaluation ranges are included in the result displays (where
useful) to visualize the basis of the displayed values and traces.
For background information on the result and evaluation ranges, see Chapter 4.6,
"Measurement ranges", on page 146.)
● Evaluation data sources in VSA..............................................................................21
● Result types in VSA................................................................................................ 25
● Predefined display configuration.............................................................................67
● Common parameters in VSA.................................................................................. 68
All data sources for evaluation available for VSA are displayed in the evaluation bar in
SmartGrid mode.
The data source determines which result types are available (see Table 3-1). For
details on selecting the data source for evaluation, see Chapter 6.5, "Display and win-
dow configuration", on page 257.
In diagrams in the frequency domain (Spectrum transformation, see "Result Type
Transformation" on page 259) the usable I/Q bandwidth is indicated by vertical blue
lines.
Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................22
Measurement & Reference Signal................................................................................ 22
Symbols........................................................................................................................ 23
Error Vector...................................................................................................................23
21User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
Measurements and result displays
Evaluation data sources in VSA
Modulation Errors..........................................................................................................23
Modulation Accuracy.....................................................................................................24
Equalizer....................................................................................................................... 24
Multi Source.................................................................................................................. 24
Capture Buffer
Displays the captured I/Q data.
In "Capture Buffer" result diagrams, the result ranges are indicated by green bars along
the time axis. The currently displayed result range is indicated by a blue bar.
Figure 3-1: Result ranges for a burst signal
Note: You can use the "Capture Buffer" display to navigate through the available result
ranges (using Select Result Rng function), and analyze the individual result ranges in
separate windows.
Once the sweep has stopped, you can change the position of the result range quickly
and easily. Drag the blue bar representing the result range to a different position in the
"Capture Buffer".
The default result type is "Magnitude Absolute".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.21, "Magnitude absolute", on page 48
●
Chapter 3.2.28, "Real/imag (I/Q)", on page 56
●
Chapter 3.2.11, "Frequency absolute", on page 39
●
Chapter 3.2.34, "Vector I/Q", on page 65
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,TCAP(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476)
Measurement & Reference Signal
The measurement signal or the ideal reference signal (or both)
The default result type is "Magnitude Relative".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.21, "Magnitude absolute", on page 48
●
Chapter 3.2.23, "Magnitude relative", on page 51
●
Chapter 3.2.26, "Phase wrap", on page 54
●
Chapter 3.2.27, "Phase unwrap", on page 55
●
Chapter 3.2.11, "Frequency absolute", on page 39
●
Chapter 3.2.12, "Frequency relative", on page 40
22User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
Measurements and result displays
Evaluation data sources in VSA
●
Chapter 3.2.28, "Real/imag (I/Q)", on page 56
●
Chapter 3.2.10, "Eye diagram real (I)", on page 38
●
Chapter 3.2.9, "Eye diagram imag (Q)", on page 36
●
Chapter 3.2.8, "Eye diagram frequency", on page 35
●
Chapter 3.2.5, "Constellation I/Q", on page 31
●
Chapter 3.2.34, "Vector I/Q", on page 65
●
Chapter 3.2.4, "Constellation frequency", on page 31
●
Chapter 3.2.33, "Vector frequency", on page 65
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,REF(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476)
Symbols
The detected symbols (i.e. the detected bits) displayed in a table.
The default result type is a hexadecimal symbol table.
Other formats for the symbol table are available, but no other result types (see Chap-
ter 3.2.32, "Symbol table", on page 63).
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL, SYMB(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476)
Error Vector
The modulated difference between the complex measurement signal and the complex
reference signal:
Modulation (measurement signal - reference signal)
For example: EVM = Mag(meas - ref)
The default result type is "EVM".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.7, "Error vector magnitude (EVM)", on page 34
●
Chapter 3.2.28, "Real/imag (I/Q)", on page 56
●
Chapter 3.2.34, "Vector I/Q", on page 65
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,EVEC(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476)
Modulation Errors
The difference between the modulated complex samples in the measurement and the
modulated reference signal:
Modulation (measurement signal) - Modulation (reference signal)
For example: Magnitude Error = Mag(meas) - Mag(ref)
The default result type is "Magnitude Error".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.21, "Magnitude absolute", on page 48
●
Chapter 3.2.25, "Phase error", on page 53
●
Chapter 3.2.13, "Frequency error absolute", on page 41
●
Chapter 3.2.14, "Frequency error relative", on page 43
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,MERR(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476)
23User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
Measurements and result displays
Evaluation data sources in VSA
Modulation Accuracy
Parameters that characterize the accuracy of modulation.
The default result type is "Result Summary".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.29, "Result summary", on page 57
●
Chapter 3.2.1, "Bit error rate (BER)", on page 27
The results of a "modulation accuracy" measurement can be checked for violation of
defined limits automatically. If limit check is activated and the measured values exceed
the limits, those values are indicated in red in the "Result Summary" table. If limit check
is activated and no values exceed the limits, the checked values are indicated in green.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,MACC(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476)
Equalizer
Filter characteristics of the "equalizer" used to compensate for channel distortion and
parameters of the distortion itself.
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.18, "Impulse response magnitude", on page 46
●
Chapter 3.2.19, "Impulse response phase", on page 47
●
Chapter 3.2.20, "Impulse response real/imag", on page 48
●
Chapter 3.2.16, "Frequency response magnitude", on page 45
●
Chapter 3.2.17, "Frequency response phase", on page 45
●
Chapter 3.2.15, "Frequency response group delay", on page 44
●
Chapter 3.2.3, "Channel frequency response magnitude", on page 30
●
Chapter 3.2.2, "Channel frequency response group delay", on page 29
The default result type is "Frequency Response Magnitude".
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,EQU(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476)
Multi Source
Combines two data sources in one diagram, with (initially) one trace for each data
source. This display allows you to compare the errors to the captured or measured
data directly in the diagram.
24User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
3.2 Result types in VSA
Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
Furthermore, for carrier-in-carrier measurements, this data source makes both carriers
visible.
The default result type is "Spec (Meas+Error)".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.30, "Spectrum (capture buffer + error)", on page 60
●
Chapter 3.2.31, "Spectrum (measurement + error)", on page 62
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,MCOM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476
The available result types for a window depend on the selected evaluation data source.
The SCPI parameters in the following table refer to the CALC:FORM command, see
CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 485.
Table 3-1: Available result types depending on data source
Evaluation data
source
"Capture Buffer" "Magnitude Absolute"
"Capture Buffer" "Magnitude Overview Absolute"
"Meas & Ref Signal" "Magnitude Absolute"
Result type SCPI parameter
(selected capture buffer section)
"Real/Imag (I/Q)"
"Frequency Absolute"
"Vector I/Q"
(entire capture buffer)
"Magnitude Relative"
"Phase Wrap"
"Phase Unwrap"
"Frequency Absolute"
"Frequency Relative"
"Real/Imag (I/Q)"
MAGNitude
RIMag
FREQuency
COMP
MOVerview
MAGNitude
MAGNitude
PHASe
UPHase
FREQuency
FREQuency
RIMag
"Eye Diagram Real (I)"
"Eye Diagram Imag (Q)"
"Eye Diagram Frequency"
"Constellation I/Q"
"Constellation I/Q (Rotated)"
IEYE
QEYE
FEYE
CONS
RCON
25User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
Evaluation data
source
"Symbols" "Binary" -
"Error Vector" "EVM"
"Modulation Errors" "Magnitude Error"
"Modulation Accuracy"
Result type SCPI parameter
"Vector I/Q"
"Constellation Frequency"
"Vector Frequency"
"Octal" -
"Decimal" -
"Hexadecimal" -
"Real/Imag (I/Q)"
"Vector I/Q"
"Phase Error"
"Frequency Error Absolute"
"Frequency Error Relative"
"Bit Error Rate"
"Result Summary"
COMP
CONF
COVF
MAGNitude
RIMag
COMP
MAGNitude
PHASe
FREQuency
FREQuency
BERate
RSUM
"Equalizer" "Impulse Response Magnitude"
"Impulse Response Phase"
"Impulse Response Real/Imag"
"Frequency Response Magnitude"
"Frequency Response Phase"
"Frequency Response Group Delay"
"Channel Frequency Response Magnitude"
"Channel Frequency Response
Group Delay"
"Multi Source" "Spectrum (Real/Imag) (Capture buf-
fer + Error)"
"Spectrum (Real/Imag) (Measurement
+ Error)"
MAGNitude
UPHase
RIMag
MAGNitude
UPHase
GDELay
MAGNitude
GDELay
RIMag (query only)
RIMag (query only)
For details on selecting the data source and result types for evaluation, see Chap-
ter 6.5, "Display and window configuration", on page 257.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 485
26User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
● Bit error rate (BER)................................................................................................. 27
● Channel frequency response group delay.............................................................. 29
● Channel frequency response magnitude................................................................ 30
● Constellation frequency...........................................................................................31
● Constellation I/Q......................................................................................................31
● Constellation I/Q (rotated).......................................................................................33
● Error vector magnitude (EVM)................................................................................ 34
● Eye diagram frequency........................................................................................... 35
● Eye diagram imag (Q).............................................................................................36
● Eye diagram real (I).................................................................................................38
● Frequency absolute.................................................................................................39
● Frequency relative...................................................................................................40
● Frequency error absolute........................................................................................41
● Frequency error relative..........................................................................................43
● Frequency response group delay............................................................................44
● Frequency response magnitude..............................................................................45
● Frequency response phase.....................................................................................45
● Impulse response magnitude..................................................................................46
● Impulse response phase.........................................................................................47
● Impulse response real/imag....................................................................................48
● Magnitude absolute.................................................................................................48
● Magnitude overview (capture buffer).......................................................................50
● Magnitude relative...................................................................................................51
● Magnitude error.......................................................................................................52
● Phase error............................................................................................................. 53
● Phase wrap............................................................................................................. 54
● Phase unwrap......................................................................................................... 55
● Real/imag (I/Q)........................................................................................................56
● Result summary...................................................................................................... 57
● Spectrum (capture buffer + error)........................................................................... 60
● Spectrum (measurement + error)............................................................................62
● Symbol table........................................................................................................... 63
● Vector frequency.....................................................................................................65
● Vector I/Q................................................................................................................65
3.2.1 Bit error rate (BER)
A bit error rate (BER) measurement compares the transmitted bits with the determined
symbol decision bits:
BER = error bits / number of analyzed bits
As a prerequisite for this measurement, the VSA application must know which bit
sequences are correct, i.e. which bit sequences can occur. This knowledge must be
provided as a list of possible data sequences in xml format, which is loaded in the VSA
application (see Chapter 4.9, "Known data files - dependencies and restrictions",
on page 154).
27User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
Auxiliary tool to create known data files
An auxiliary tool to create known data files from data that is already available in the
R&S FSV3 VSA application is provided with the instrument free of charge.
See Chapter 7.2.4.2, "How to create known data files", on page 273.
Alternatively, for data generated by a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) generator,
you can specify the algorithm used to generate the data, so the R&S FSV3 VSA application knows which sequences can occur. This function requires the R&S FSV/A-K70P
option. See Chapter 4.10, "Known data from PRBS generators", on page 155.
If known data is specified in the application, the BER result display is available for the
following source types:
●
"Modulation Accuracy"
Note that this measurement can take some time, as each symbol decision must be
compared to the possible data sequences one by one.
The BER measurement is an indicator for the quality of the demodulated signal. High
BER values indicate problems such as:
●
Inadequate demodulation settings
●
Poor quality in the source data
●
False or missing sequences in the known data file
●
Result range alignment leads to a mismatch of the input data with the defined
sequences
A BER value of 0.5 means that for at least one measurement no matching sequence
was found.
See also Chapter 4.4.3, "Demodulation and symbol decisions", on page 121 and the
application sheet R&S®FSW-K70 Measuring the BER and the EVM for Signals with
Low SNR on the Rohde & Schwarz Internet site.
The following information is provided in the "Bit Error Rate" result display:
●
"Bit Error Rate": error bits / number of analyzed bits
●
"Total # of Errors": number of detected bit errors (known data compared to symbol
decisions)
●
"Total # of Bits": number of analyzed bits
For each of these results, the following values are provided:
28User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
BER result Description
Current Value for current result range
Minimum Minimum "Current" value during the current measurement
Maximum Maximum "Current" value during the current measurement
Accumulative Total value over several measurements;
For BER: "Total # of Errors" / "Total # of Bits" (similar to average function)
Remote commands:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,MACC
To define the required source type (see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476).
CALC:FORM BER
To define the result type (see CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 485).
CALC:BER?
To query the results (see CALCulate<n>:BERate? on page 504).
3.2.2 Channel frequency response group delay
The frequency response group delay of the channel is the derivation of phase over frequency for the original input signal. It is a measure of phase distortion.
Remote commands:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,EQU
To define the required source type (see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476).
CALC:FEED 'XFR:DDEM:IRAT'
To define the channel frequency response result type (see CALCulate<n>:FEED
on page 484).
29User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
R&S®FSV3-K70
3.2.3 Channel frequency response magnitude
Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
CALC:FORM GDEL
To define the group delay result type (see CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 485).
TRAC:DATA? TRACE1
To query the trace results (see TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n> and Chap-
ter 10.9.2.6, "Equalizer", on page 498).
The frequency response magnitude of the channel indicates which distortions occurred
during transmission of the input signal. It is only determined if the equalizer is activated.
The bandwidth for which the channel transfer function can be estimated is not only limited by the usable I/Q bandwidth, but also by the bandwidth of the analyzed input signal. Areas with low reception power, e.g. at the filter edges, can suffer from less accurate estimation results.
Remote commands:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,EQU
To define the required source type (see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 476).
CALC:FEED 'XFR:DDEM:IRAT'
To define the channel frequency response result type (see CALCulate<n>:FEED
on page 484).
CALC:FORM MAGN
To define the magnitude result type (see CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 485).
TRAC:DATA? TRACE1
To query the trace results (see TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n> and Chap-
ter 10.9.2.6, "Equalizer", on page 498).
30User Manual 1178.9384.02 ─ 08
Loading...