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R&S®FSW-K95/-K97
802.11ad/ay Measurements
User Manual
(;ÛÉÌ2)
1177596202
Version 17
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This manual applies to the following R&S®FSW models with firmware version 5.10 and later:
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R&S®FSW8 (1331.5003K08 / 1312.8000K08)
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R&S®FSW13 (1331.5003K13 / 1312.8000K13)
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R&S®FSW26 (1331.5003K26 / 1312.8000K26)
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R&S®FSW43 (1331.5003K43 / 1312.8000K43)
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R&S®FSW50 (1331.5003K50 / 1312.8000K50)
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R&S®FSW67 (1331.5003K67 / 1312.8000K67)
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R&S®FSW85 (1331.5003K85 / 1312.8000K85)
This manual applies to the following R&S®FSW models with firmware version 3.20 and higher:
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R&S®FSW8 (1312.8000K08)
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R&S®FSW13 (1312.8000K13)
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R&S®FSW26 (1312.8000K26)
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R&S®FSW43 (1312.8000K43)
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R&S®FSW50 (1312.8000K50)
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R&S®FSW67 (1312.8000K67)
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R&S®FSW85 (1312.8000K85)
The following firmware options are described:
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R&S FSW-K95 802.11ad measurements (1313.1639.02)
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R&S FSW-K97 802.11ay measurements (1338.4902.16)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1177.5962.02 | Version 17 | R&S®FSW-K95/-K97
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g. R&S®FSW is indicated as
R&S FSW.
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Contents
1 Documentation overview.......................................................................5
1.1 Getting started manual................................................................................................. 5
1.2 User manuals and help.................................................................................................5
1.3 Service manual..............................................................................................................5
1.4 Instrument security procedures.................................................................................. 6
1.5 Printed safety instructions...........................................................................................6
1.6 Data sheets and brochures.......................................................................................... 6
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).........................................6
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc........................................... 6
2 Welcome to the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications.......................... 7
Contents
2.1 Starting the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications........................................................8
2.2 Understanding the display information...................................................................... 9
3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 12
3.1 IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement............................................12
3.2 SEM measurements.................................................................................................... 28
4 Measurement basics............................................................................32
4.1 Characteristics of the IEEE 802.11ad standard........................................................32
4.2 Characteristics of the IEEE 802.11ay standard........................................................ 35
4.3 Basics on input from I/Q data files............................................................................ 37
4.4 Trigger basics..............................................................................................................38
5 Configuration........................................................................................42
5.1 Display configuration................................................................................................. 42
5.2 IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement............................................43
5.3 SEM measurements.................................................................................................... 72
6 Analysis................................................................................................ 75
6.1 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 75
6.2 Trace configuration.....................................................................................................76
6.3 Markers........................................................................................................................ 78
7 I/Q data import and export.................................................................. 83
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8 How to perform measurements in the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay appli-
cations...................................................................................................84
8.1 How to determine modulation accuracy parameters for IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE
802.11ay signals..........................................................................................................84
8.2 How to determine the SEM for IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE 802.11ay signals................... 85
9 Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements.....................87
9.1 Common suffixes........................................................................................................ 88
9.2 Introduction................................................................................................................. 88
9.3 Activating IEEE 802.11ad measurements................................................................. 93
9.4 Selecting a measurement...........................................................................................97
9.5 Configuring the IEEE 802.11ad modulation accuracy measurement.....................99
9.6 Configuring SEM measurements on IEEE 802.11ad signals.................................162
9.7 Configuring the result display................................................................................. 165
Contents
9.8 Starting a measurement........................................................................................... 179
9.9 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 183
9.10 Retrieving results......................................................................................................197
9.11 Status registers.........................................................................................................218
9.12 Programming examples (R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications)............................ 221
Annex.................................................................................................. 225
A References..........................................................................................225
List of commands (802.11ad)............................................................226
Index....................................................................................................233
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1 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSW user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSW product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSW
1.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S FSW and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
Documentation overview
Service manual
1.2 User manuals and help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSW is not
included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSW. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
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https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
1.4 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSW in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.
1.5 Printed safety instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
1.6 Data sheets and brochures
Documentation overview
Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSW. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSW
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSW
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSW
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2 Welcome to the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay
applications
The R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications extend the functionality of the R&S FSW to
enable accurate and reproducible Tx measurements of a device under test (DUT) in
accordance with the IEEE standard 802.11ad or IEEE 802.11ay.
The R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications feature:
●
●
●
Welcome to the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
Support for data rates of up to 7 Gbit/s
Use of the 60 GHz unlicensed band
– Provide global availability
– Avoids the overcrowded 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands
– Uses short wavelengths (5 mm at 60 GHz), making compact and affordable
antennas or antenna arrays possible
Backward compatibility with the IEEE 802.11 universe:
Seamless use of IEEE 802.11a,b,g,n across both bands 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, plus
11ad in the 60 GHz range -> "triband" devices
Typical applications for IEEE 802.11ad/ay are:
●
Wireless Display
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Distribution of HDTV content (e.g. in residential living rooms)
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Wireless PC connection to transmit huge files quickly
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Automatic sync applications (e.g. uploading images from a camera to a PC, "kiosk"
applications)
Due to the use of a 2 GHz bandwidth, the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications requires
an optional bandwidth extension of at least 2 GHz to analyze IEEE 802.11ad/ay signals.
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that is specific to the application, including remote control operation.
General R&S FSW functions
The application-independent functions for general tasks on the R&S FSW are also
available for IEEE 802.11ad/ay measurements and are described in the R&S FSW
user manual. In particular, this comprises the following functionality:
●
Data management
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General software preferences and information
The latest version is available for download at the product homepage:
http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSW.html.
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Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the R&S FSW Getting Started manual
or in the Release Notes.
2.1 Starting the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
The IEEE 802.11ad/ay measurements require a special application on the R&S FSW.
Furthermore, an optional bandwidth extension of at least 2 GHz must be installed and
active to analyze IEEE 802.11ad or IEEE 802.11ay signals. For information on available options, see the R&S FSW data sheet.
For details on using and setting up bandwidth extension options that require an oscilloscope, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual and the oscilloscope
documentation.
To activate the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
Welcome to the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
Starting the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
1. Select the [MODE] key.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FSW.
2. Select the "IEEE 802.11ad"/"IEEE 802.11ay" item.
The R&S FSW opens a new measurement channel for the IEEE 802.11ad/ay measurement.
The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. You can configure it
in the "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu (see Chapter 5.2.1, "Configuration overview", on page 43).
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the available memory on the instrument.
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Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a
Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
are updated in the tabs (including the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function, see the R&S FSW User Manual.
2.2 Understanding the display information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All
information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
Welcome to the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
Understanding the display information
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
Although the illustration shows the display for a IEEE 802.11ad measurement, the display elements for a IEEE 802.11ay measurement are identical unless specified otherwise.
1
2
3
4
5
= Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
1
2 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
3 = Diagram area with marker information
4 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on result display
5 = Instrument status bar with error messages, progress bar and date/time display
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Channel bar information
In the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications, the R&S FSW shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
Label Description
Ref Level Reference level
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
"PPDU / MCS Index / GI" The PPDU type, MCS index and guard interval (GI) used for the analysis
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
Meas time / Samples Duration of signal capture and number of samples captured
SGL The sweep is set to single sweep mode.
PPDUs Number of analyzed PPDUs for statistical evaluation
Welcome to the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
Understanding the display information
of the signal; Detected automatically from the signal.
See Table 4-1 and Table 4-2.
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect
the measurement results, even though it is not immediately apparent from the display
of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For details, see the
R&S FSW Getting Started manual.
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
4
1
Figure 2-1: Window title bar information in the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
1 = Window number
2 = Window type
3 = Trace color
4 = Trace number
6 = Trace mode
2
3
5
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the start and stop values for the
displayed x-axis range.
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
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is displayed in the status bar. Click on a displayed warning or error message to obtain
more details.
Welcome to the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
Understanding the display information
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3 Measurements and result displays
The R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications provides several different measurements to
determine the parameters described by the IEEE 802.11ad/ay specifications.
● IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement.......................................... 12
● SEM measurements................................................................................................28
3.1 IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Modulation Accuracy"
Or: [MEAS] > "Select Measurement" > "Modulation Accuracy"
The default IEEE 802.11ad/ay Modulation Accuracy measurement captures I/Q data
from the RF Input of the FSW with a bandwidth up to 2 GHz. This I/Q data is used by
the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications to demodulate broadband signals and determine various characteristic signal parameters such as modulation accuracy, channel
frequency response and power.
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Other IEEE 802.11ad/ay-specific measurements such as Spectrum Emission Mask can
also be performed by sweeping over the desired frequency range using a filter with a
smaller measurement bandwidth. The advantage of using a smaller bandwidth is an
increased signal-to-noise-ratio (see Chapter 3.2, "SEM measurements", on page 28).
● Evaluation methods for IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurements...12
● Modulation accuracy parameters............................................................................23
3.1.1 Evaluation methods for IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
Or: [MEAS] > "Display Config"
The R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications provides various different methods to evaluate
the captured signal without having to start a new measurement or sweep. Which
results are displayed depends on the selected measurement and evaluation.
The selected evaluation method not only affects the result display in a window, but also
the results of the trace data query in remote control (see TRACe<n>[:DATA]?
on page 206).
All evaluations available for the selected IEEE 802.11ad/ay measurement are displayed in SmartGrid mode.
For details on working with the SmartGrid, see the R&S FSW Getting Started manual.
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The IEEE 802.11ad/ay measurements provide the following evaluation methods:
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................13
Channel Frequency Response......................................................................................14
Constellation................................................................................................................. 15
EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................16
Freq. Error vs Symbol................................................................................................... 17
Header information........................................................................................................17
Magnitude Capture........................................................................................................18
Phase Error vs Symbol................................................................................................. 19
Phase Tracking vs Symbol............................................................................................19
Power Spectrum............................................................................................................20
PvT Full PPDU..............................................................................................................21
PvT Rising Edge........................................................................................................... 21
PvT Falling Edge...........................................................................................................22
Result Summary............................................................................................................22
Bitstream
This result display shows a data stream for all analyzed PPDUs of the currently captured I/Q data as indicated in the "Magnitude Capture" display. The bitstream is derived
from the constellation diagram points using the 'constellation bit encoding' from the corresponding IEEE 802.11ad/ay standard.
The following different bitstream displays are available:
●
●
●
●
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
"Bitstream Header Decoded" - header data, decoded using the IEEE 802.11ad/ay
specific LDPC decoder
"Bitstream Header Raw" - header data, non-decoded
"Bitstream Data Decoded" - payload data, decoded using the IEEE 802.11ad/ay
specific LDPC decoder
"Bitstream Data Raw" - payload data, non-decoded
Figure 3-1: Bitstream result display for decoded payload data
Note that the raw and the decoded bitstreams only differ from each other when bit
errors occur.
The PPDU number refers to the number in the capture buffer. The symbol index refers
to the position relative to the analyzed PPDU start. The bitstream shows one value per
symbol for each PPDU.
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, DBST
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, DDBS
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, HBST
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, HDBS
See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.1, "Bitstream", on page 208
Channel Frequency Response
The Channel frequency response trace shows the amplitude of the channel transfer
function vs frequency.
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Figure 3-2: Channel Frequency Response for IEEE 802.11 ad measurement
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Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Figure 3-3: Channel Frequency Response for 2-contiguous-channel measurement (IEEE 802.11 ay)
The numeric trace results for this evaluation method are described in Chapter 9.10.4.2,
"Channel frequency response", on page 208.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CFR, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.2, "Channel frequency response",
on page 208
Constellation
This result display shows the in-phase and quadrature phase results for all payload
symbols and all carriers for the analyzed PPDUs of the current capture buffer. The
Tracking/Channel Estimation according to the user settings is applied.
The inphase results (I) are displayed on the x-axis, the quadrature phase (Q) results on
the y-axis.
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The numeric trace results for this evaluation method are described in Chapter 9.10.4.3,
"Constellation", on page 209.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CONS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.3, "Constellation", on page 209
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
EVM vs Symbol
This result display shows all EVM values per symbol over the number of analyzed
PPDUs as defined by the "Evaluation Range" settings (see "PPDU to Analyze / Index
of Specific PPDU" on page 75). The Tracking/Channel Estimation according to the
user settings is applied (see Chapter 5.2.5, "Tracking", on page 65).
Vertical lines indicate the start of the next PPDU. The numbers at the bottom of the
lines indicate the corresponding symbol positions.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, EVSY, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.4, "EVM vs symbol", on page 209
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Freq. Error vs Symbol
Displays the frequency error values per (analyzed) symbol in the PPDU.
Vertical lines indicate the start of the next PPDU. The numbers at the bottom of the
lines indicate the corresponding symbol positions.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,FEVS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Or:
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.5, "Frequency error vs symbol",
on page 209
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Header information
Displays information that has been decoded from the headers of the PPDUs. The
header contains information on the modulation used for transmission.
The header information is provided as a decoded bit sequence and, where appropriate,
also in human-readable form, beneath the bit sequence for each PPDU.
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Table 3-1: Results for Header Info result display
Parameter Description
MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index of the PPDU as defined in IEEE
DMG PHY Type Single carrier ("SC") or control PHY (OFDM and "Low power SC PHY" currently
Length Length of the PPDU in symbols
Training Length Length of the optional beam-forming training field; see "Beamforming"
HCS Header check sum (CRC)
The numeric trace results for this evaluation method are described in Chapter 9.10.4.6,
"Header info", on page 209.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,HEAD, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.6, "Header info", on page 209
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Std 802.11-2012 section "21.2.2 TXVECTOR and RXVECTOR parameters"
(lower value: human-readable value)
not supported); see "Types of PHYs" on page 33
on page 34
(lower value: human-readable value)
Magnitude Capture
The "Magnitude Capture" Buffer display shows the magnitude vs time for the complete
range of captured data for the last sweep. Green bars at the bottom of the "Magnitude
Capture" buffer display indicate the positions of the analyzed PPDUs. A single green
bar possibly indicates that the evaluation range is limited to a single PPDU (see "PPDU
to Analyze / Index of Specific PPDU" on page 75).
The trigger position is indicated by a vertical red line, if it lies within the displayed x-axis
span.
Figure 3-4: Magnitude capture display for single PPDU evaluation
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MCAP, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.7, "Magnitude capture", on page 210
Phase Error vs Symbol
Displays the phase error values in degrees or radians per symbol. The phase error is
calculated as the difference between the ideal reference signal and the measured signal (with any active compensation applied). Thus, this result display shows the remaining phase error that has not been compensated for by phase tracking.
Tip: The Phase Tracking vs Symbol result display shows the actual compensation val-
ues that were applied by the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications.
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Vertical lines indicate the start of the next PPDU. The numbers at the bottom of the
lines indicate the corresponding symbol positions.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PEVS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.8, "Phase error vs symbol", on page 210
Phase Tracking vs Symbol
Shows the average compensated phase drift in degrees or radians vs symbol for
phase tracking (see "Phase, level and timing tracking" on page 34). Thus, you can
see which compensation has been applied by the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications.
Since phase tracking is performed based on data symbol blocks (=512 symbols), it represents the low-frequency part of the Phase Error vs Symbol, if phase tracking is off.
Tip: The Phase Error vs Symbol result display shows the remaining phase error after
compensation has been applied.
Note that this result display is also available if Phase Tracking is not active.
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Vertical lines indicate the start of the next PPDU. The numbers at the bottom of the
lines indicate the corresponding symbol positions.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PTVS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.9, "Phase tracking vs. symbol", on page 210
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Power Spectrum
This result display shows the power vs frequency values obtained from an FFT. The
FFT is performed over the complete data in the current capture buffer, without any correction or compensation.
The numeric trace results for this evaluation method are described in Chap-
ter 9.10.4.10, "Power spectrum", on page 210.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PSP, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.10, "Power spectrum", on page 210
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PvT Full PPDU
Displays the minimum, average and maximum power vs time traces for all PPDUs.
Figure 3-5: PvT Full PPDU result display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,PFPP see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.11, "Power vs time (PVT)", on page 211
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
PvT Rising Edge
Displays the minimum, average and maximum power vs time traces for the rising edge
of all PPDUs.
Figure 3-6: PvT Rising Edge result display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,PRIS see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.11, "Power vs time (PVT)", on page 211
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PvT Falling Edge
Displays the minimum, average and maximum power vs time traces for the falling edge
of all PPDUs.
Figure 3-7: PvT Falling Edge result display
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,PFAL see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]?, see Chapter 9.10.4.11, "Power vs time (PVT)", on page 211
Result Summary
The result summary provides measurement results based on the complete captured
signal.
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Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Figure 3-8: Result summary
Note: You can configure which results are displayed (see Chapter 5.2.8.1, "Table con-
figuration", on page 68). However, the results are always calculated, regardless of
their visibility.
For details on the individual results and the summarized values, see Chapter 3.1.2,
"Modulation accuracy parameters", on page 23.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, RSGL, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Querying results:
FETCh:BURSt:ALL? on page 199
3.1.2 Modulation accuracy parameters
The default IEEE 802.11ad/ay Modulation Accuracy measurement captures I/Q data
from the RF input of the R&S FSW and determines the following I/Q parameters in a
single capture.
For each parameter, the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications also performs statistical
evaluation over several PPDUs and displays the following results:
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Table 3-2: Calculated summary results
Result type Description
Min Minimum value in current capture buffer
Average Average value in current capture buffer
Max Maximum value in current capture buffer
EVM All [dB]
EVM over all symbols in PPDUS to analyze in capture buffer
The PPDU EVM (direct) method evaluates the root mean square EVM over one PPDU.
That is the square root of the averaged error power normalized by the averaged reference power:
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Before calculation of the EVM, tracking errors in the measured signal are compensated
for if specified by the user. In the ideal reference signal, the tracking errors are always
compensated for. Tracking errors include phase (center frequency error + common
phase error), timing (sampling frequency error) and gain errors. Quadrature offset and
gain imbalance errors, however, are not corrected.
The PPDU EVM is not part of the IEEE standard and no limit check is specified. Nevertheless, this commonly used EVM calculation can provide some insight in modulation
quality and enables comparisons to other modulation standards.
Figure 3-9: I/Q diagram for EVM calculation
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Remote command:
FETCh:EVM:ALL:MINimum? on page 201
EVM Data Symbols [dB]
EVM over data symbols in PPDUS to analyze in capture buffer
Remote command:
FETCh:EVM:DATA:MINimum? on page 201
EVM Pilot Symbols [dB]
EVM over pilot symbols in PPDUS to analyze in capture buffer
Remote command:
FETCh:EVM:PILot:MINimum? on page 201
I/Q Offset [dB]
Transmitter center frequency leakage relative to the total Tx channel power.
An I/Q offset indicates a carrier offset with fixed amplitude. This results in a constant
shift of the I/Q axes. The offset is normalized by the mean symbol power and displayed
in dB.
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Figure 3-10: I/Q offset in a vector diagram
Remote command:
FETCh:IQOFfset:MINimum? on page 202
Gain Imbalance [%/dB]
Amplification of the quadrature phase component of the signal relative to the amplification of the in-phase component.
An ideal I/Q modulator amplifies the I and Q signal path by exactly the same degree.
The imbalance corresponds to the difference in amplification of the I and Q channel
and therefore to the difference in amplitude of the signal components. In the vector diagram, the length of the I vector changes relative to the length of the Q vector.
The result is displayed in dB and %, where 1 dB offset corresponds to roughly 12 %
difference between the I and Q gain, according to the following equation:
Imbalance [dB] = 20 log (| GainQ |/| GainI |)
Positive values mean that the Q vector is amplified more than the I vector by the corresponding percentage. For example, using the figures mentioned above:
0.98 ≈ 20*log10(1.12/1)
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Figure 3-11: Positive gain imbalance
Negative values mean that the I vector is amplified more than the Q vector by the corresponding percentage. For example, using the figures mentioned above:
-0.98 ≈ 20*log10(1/1.12)
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Figure 3-12: Negative gain imbalance
Remote command:
FETCh:GIMBalance:MINimum? on page 202
Quadrature Error [°]
Deviation of the quadrature phase angle from the ideal 90°.
An ideal I/Q modulator sets the phase angle between the I and Q path mixer to exactly
90 degrees. With a quadrature offset, the phase angle deviates from the ideal 90
degrees, the amplitudes of both components are of the same size. In the vector diagram, the quadrature offset causes the coordinate system to shift.
A positive quadrature offset means a phase angle greater than 90 degrees:
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Figure 3-13: Positive quadrature offset
A negative quadrature offset means a phase angle less than 90 degrees:
Measurements and result displays
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Figure 3-14: Negative quadrature offset
Remote command:
FETCh:QUADerror:MINimum? on page 202
Center Frequency Error [Hz]
Frequency error between the signal and the current center frequency of the R&S FSW
Remote command:
FETCh:CFERror:MINimum? on page 200
Symbol Clock Error [ppm]
Clock error between the signal and the sample clock of the R&S FSW in parts per million (ppm), i.e. the symbol timing error
Remote command:
FETCh:SYMBolerror:MINimum? on page 203
Rise Time [s]
The time required for the PPDU to transition from the base to the top level. This is the
difference between the time at which the PPDU exceeds the lower 10 % and upper
90 % thresholds.
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Remote command:
FETCh:RTIMe:MINimum? on page 202
Fall Time [s]
The time required for the PPDU to transition from the top to the base level. This is the
difference between the time at which the PPDU drops below the upper 90 % and lower
10 %thresholds.
Remote command:
FETCh:FTIMe:MINimum? on page 201
Time Skew [s]
A constant time difference between the I and Q data, for example due to different cable
lengths
Remote command:
FETCh:TSKew:MINimum? on page 203
Time Domain Power [dBm]
Power of the captured signal vs time
Remote command:
FETCh:TDPower:MINimum? on page 203
Measurements and result displays
SEM measurements
Crest factor [dB]
The ratio of the peak power to the mean power of the signal (also called Peak to Average Power Ratio, PAPR)
Remote command:
FETCh:CFACtor:MINimum? on page 200
SNR
Signal to noise ratio of the PPDU
Remote command:
FETCh:SNR:MINimum? on page 203
Header BER
The Bit Error Rate of the PPDU header determined by LDPC decoding
Remote command:
FETCh:HBERate:MINimum? on page 204
Payload BER
The Bit Error Rate of the PPDU payload determined by LDPC decoding
Remote command:
FETCh:PBERate:MINimum? on page 204
3.2 SEM measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "SEM"
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Or: [MEAS] > "Select Measurement" > "SEM"
In addition to the default IEEE 802.11ad/ay Modulation Accuracy measurement, which
captures I/Q data from the RF Input of the FSW with a bandwidth up to 2 GHz, the
R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications also provides an SEM measurement. The SEM
measurement sweeps over the desired frequency range using a filter with a smaller
measurement bandwidth. The advantage of using a smaller bandwidth is an increased
signal-to-noise-ratio.
The SEM measurement provided by the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications is identical to the corresponding measurements in the base unit, but it is pre-configured
according to the requirements of the IEEE 802.11ad/ay standard.
If you require any other frequency sweep measurements, use the Spectrum application.
For details on frequency sweep measurements, see the R&S FSW User Manual.
The Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) measurement determines the power of the IEEE
802.11ad/ay signal in defined offsets from the carrier. It then compares the measured
power values to a spectral mask specified by the IEEE 802.11ad/ay specifications. The
limits depend on the selected band class. Thus, the performance of the DUT can be
tested and the emissions and their distance to the limit be identified.
Measurements and result displays
SEM measurements
The IEEE 802.11ad/ay standard does not distinguish between spurious and spectral
emissions.
Figure 3-15: SEM measurement results
Remote commands:
[SENSe:]SWEep:MODE on page 98
Querying results:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:FAIL? on page 204
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TRAC:DATA? LIST, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 206
Evaluation methods
The evaluation methods for SEM measurements in the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications are identical to the methods in the R&S FSW base unit (Spectrum application).
Diagram.........................................................................................................................30
Result Summary............................................................................................................30
Marker Table................................................................................................................. 30
Marker Peak List........................................................................................................... 31
Diagram
Displays a basic level vs. frequency or level vs. time diagram of the measured data to
evaluate the results graphically. This is the default evaluation method. Which data is
displayed in the diagram depends on the "Trace" settings. Scaling for the y-axis can be
configured.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, DIAG, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Results:
Measurements and result displays
SEM measurements
Result Summary
Result summaries provide the results of specific measurement functions in a table for
numerical evaluation. The contents of the result summary vary depending on the
selected measurement function. See the description of the individual measurement
functions for details.
Tip: To navigate within long result summary tables, simply scroll through the entries
with your finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, RSUM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.
Tip: To navigate within long marker tables, simply scroll through the entries with your
finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 185
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Marker Peak List
The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum or
time domain. How many peaks are displayed can be defined, as well as the sort order.
In addition, the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram. The peak list can also
be exported to a file for analysis in an external application.
Measurements and result displays
SEM measurements
Tip: To navigate within long marker peak lists, simply scroll through the entries with
your finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PEAK, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 167
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 185
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4 Measurement basics
Some background knowledge on basic terms and principles used in IEEE 802.11ad/
IEEE 802.11ay measurements is provided here for a better understanding of the
required configuration settings.
Additional background information is available in the Rohde & Schwarz White Paper:
1MA220: 802.11ad - WLAN at 60 GHz A Technology Introduction.
4.1 Characteristics of the IEEE 802.11ad standard
The popular wireless transmission standard WLAN [(IEEE 802.11)] has been amended
and updated regularly since it was first published to accommodate for constant
demands of transmitting higher data rates and larger bandwidths. Multimedia data
streams, for example, require very high throughput over large periods of time.
To meet this need, the Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig) has developed a specification
for wireless transmission of data in the 60 GHz band at speeds in the multi-Gigabit
range.
Measurement basics
Characteristics of the IEEE 802.11ad standard
Thus, the 11ad physical layer was added as an amendment to the existing WLAN standard, in chapter 21 of the 802.11-2012 standard [1]. It is called "Directional Multi-Gig-
abit (DMG) PHY" (or short: PHY).
Used bandwidths
The outstanding new feature of the IEEE 802.11ad standard is the use of the 60 GHz
band; however, to maintain compatibility with existing WLAN devices, the 2.4 GHz and
5 GHz ranges defined by the IEEE 802.11a, b, g, and n standards are also supported.
In the range around 60 GHz, an unlicensed frequency band is available everywhere in
the world. This range permits higher channel bandwidths for greater throughput.
Another advantage is the small wavelengths (approx. 5 mm). Thus, compact and competitive antennas or antenna arrays can be used (e.g. for beamforming).
On the down side, this band has a very high free-field attenuation and oxygen (O2)
absorption. However, transmission typically takes place within a limited range of under
10 m (the typical living room). Thus, the high degree of attenuation can also be seen
as an advantage. Interference from adjacent transmissions is very unlikely. Transmission is very difficult to intercept, making it even more secure. Finally, beamforming can
be used to focus the power to the receiver.
Even when the IEEE 802.11ad transmission takes place in the open ISM band, interference of other applications must be minimized. Thus, a spectrum mask is defined by
the standard, which must be adhered to during transmission. Therefore, an SEM measurement is provided by the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications.
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Types of PHYs
In principle, four different types of DMG PHYs are available using different package
structures and modulation modes. They make it possible to fulfill differing requirements, such as high throughput or robustness.
Table 4-1: PHY types and modulation modes
Measurement basics
Characteristics of the IEEE 802.11ad standard
PHY
type
Control
PHY
Single
carrier
(SC)
PHY
Low
power
SC PHY
OFDM
PHY
MCS Data rate Modulation Usage
0 27.5 Mbps DBPSK Control messages for connection and monitoring,
small data rates, but must be very robust
1 to 12.6 385-8085
Mbps
25 to 31 626-2053
Mbps
13 to 24 693-6756
Mbps
BPSK
QPSK
16QAM
64QAM
BPSK
QPSK
SQPSK
QPSK
16QAM
64QAM
Robust data transmission of large data rates
Transmission using battery-operated devices
Very high data rates, strong power supply
(Currently not supported by R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay
applications)
All DMG PHYs use the same package structure, but they differ in how the individual
fields are defined as well as in the coding and modulation that is used.
Package structure
The general structure of a package in the IEEE 802.11ad physical layer consists of the
following common parts:
Figure 4-1: General package structure in IEEE 802.11ad
●
Preamble
The preamble consists of the short training field (STF) and the channel estimation (CE) field. It is required in every package. It supports the receiver during auto-
matic gain control (AGC), when recognizing the package, and in estimating the frequency offset. The preamble also indicates the type of PHY that is used (SC or
OFDM). The receiver can also use the known CE field to estimate the channel.
●
Header
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●
●
Golay sequences
In radiocommunications, training sequences are used for channel estimation. Predefined sequences that are already known to the receiver are transmitted over the channel and evaluated by the receiver to estimate the channel. Complementary Golay
sequences are perfectly suited to this task.
The individual fields in the IEEE 802.11ad signal packages (e.g. the preamble) are
made up of Golay sequences. Each sequence consists of bipolar symbols (±1). They
are constructed mathematically to achieve specific autocorrelation characteristics.
Each consists of a complementary pair (a and b). An additional index contains the
length of the sequence. For example, Ga128 and Gb128 represent a complementary
sequence with a length of 128. In addition, four specific Gx128 are then logically combined into Gu512 or Gv512.
Measurement basics
Characteristics of the IEEE 802.11ad standard
The header is different for every PHY and contains additional important information
for the receiver, such as the modulation mode (MCS), the length of the data field or
a checksum.
Data
This part is used to transmit the actual data with different modulations (MCS). The
length of the field varies (number of bytes/octets).
TRN
This field is optional and can be appended to all packages. It includes beamforming information (see "Beamforming" on page 34)
The single carrier physical layers (SC, low power SC and control) nominally use a
bandwidth of 1760 MHz, while the OFDM physical layer uses 1830.47 MHz.
Beamforming
Transmission in the 60 GHz range is subject to greater free-space loss than in the
2.4 GHz or 5 GHz range. The channel conditions can change dramatically during a
connection (for example, someone moves between a BluRay player and a projector
during a 3DHD connection). Both can be managed in real-time by using beamforming.
Because the antenna size in the 60 GHz band is very compact, small and competitive
antenna arrays can be used. IEEE 802.11ad supports beamforming in real-time. During the beam refinement process, training sequences for beamforming are sent
between the transmitter and receiver and evaluated. The best antenna weightings for
each situation can then be set.
Beamforming training sequences can be appended to all PHY packages (control, SC,
low-power SC and OFDM) for this purpose. The package type and training length are
set accordingly in the corresponding header.
Phase, level and timing tracking
Golay sequences are also used as guard intervals, which are inserted after each set of
512 symbols (see Figure 4-2). These guard intervals are used for phase tracking, that
is: compensating the estimated phase error. The values that have been compensated
by the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications based on this phase estimation are displayed in the "Phase Tracking vs Symbol" on page 19 result display. After the phase
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tracking and other compensation (for example for level or time) has been applied, further results such as the EVM are calculated.
Figure 4-2: Phase tracking using guard intervals and Golay sequences
Measurement basics
Characteristics of the IEEE 802.11ay standard
4.2 Characteristics of the IEEE 802.11ay standard
The IEEE 802.11ay enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) standard provides
some additional features compared to the IEEE 802.11ad DMG standard:
●
Support of 4.32 GHz contiguous channel width
●
Support of 6.48 GHz contiguous channel width
●
Support of 8.64 GHz contiguous channel width
●
Support of EDMG SU PPDUs (transmit and receive) using OFDM modulation
●
Support of EDMG MU PPDUs (transmit and receive) using SC or OFDM modulations
●
Support of new modulation types for the EDMG SC mode:
– π/2-8-PSK
– π/2-64-NUC
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Measurement basics
Characteristics of the IEEE 802.11ay standard
Modulation and coding schemes (MCS)
Currently, the IEEE 802.11ay application only supports EDMG single carrier mode, with
the following modulation and coding schemes (MCS).
Table 4-2: Modulation and coding schemes (MCS)
MCS Modulation Code rate
1 π/2-BPSK 1/2
2 π/2-BPSK 1/2
3 π/2-BPSK 5/8
4 π/2-BPSK 3/4
5 π/2-BPSK 13/16
6 π/2-BPSK 7/8
7 π/2-QPSK 1/2
8 π/2-QPSK 5/8
9 π/2-QPSK 3/4
10 π/2-QPSK 13/16
11 π/2-QPSK 7/8
12 8-PSK 2/3
π/2-16-QAM 1/2
13 8-PSK 5/6
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MCS Modulation Code rate
14 π/2-16-QAM 3/4
15 π/2-16-QAM 13/16
16 π/2-16-QAM 7/8
17 π/2-64-QAM 1/2
18 π/2-64-QAM 5/8
19 π/2-64-QAM 3/4
20 π/2-64-QAM 13/16
Measurement basics
Basics on input from I/Q data files
π/2-16-QAM 5/8
64-NUC 1/2
64-NUC 5/8
64-NUC 3/4
64-NUC 13/16
21 π/2-64-QAM 7/8
64-NUC 7/8
4.3 Basics on input from I/Q data files
The I/Q data to be evaluated in a particular R&S FSW application cannot only be captured by the application itself, it can also be loaded from a file, provided it has the correct format. The file is then used as the input source for the application.
For example, you can capture I/Q data using the I/Q Analyzer application, store it to a
file, and then analyze the signal parameters for that data later using the Pulse application (if available).
The I/Q data file must be in one of the following supported formats:
.iq.tar
●
.iqw
●
.csv
●
.mat
●
.wv
●
.aid
●
An application note on converting Rohde & Schwarz I/Q data files is available from the
Rohde & Schwarz website:
1EF85: Converting R&S I/Q data files
When importing data from an I/Q data file using the import functions provided by some
R&S FSW applications, the data is only stored temporarily in the capture buffer. It over-
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writes the current measurement data and is in turn overwritten by a new measurement.
If you use an I/Q data file as input, the stored I/Q data remains available for any number of subsequent measurements. Furthermore, the (temporary) data import requires
the current measurement settings in the current application to match the settings that
were applied when the measurement results were stored (possibly in a different application). When the data is used as an input source, however, the data acquisition settings in the current application (attenuation, center frequency, measurement bandwidth, sample rate) can be ignored. As a result, these settings cannot be changed in
the current application. Only the measurement time can be decreased, to perform
measurements on an extract of the available data (from the beginning of the file) only.
For input files that contain multiple data streams from different channels, you can
define which data stream to be used for the currently selected channel in the input settings.
You can define whether the data stream is used only once, or repeatedly, to create a
larger amount of input data.
When using input from an I/Q data file, the [RUN SINGLE] function starts a single measurement (i.e. analysis) of the stored I/Q data, while the [RUN CONT] function repeatedly analyzes the same data from the file.
Measurement basics
Trigger basics
Sample iq.tar files
If you have the optional R&S FSW VSA application (R&S FSW-K70), some sample
iq.tar files are provided in the C:/R_S/Instr/user/vsa/DemoSignals directory
on the R&S FSW.
Pre-trigger and post-trigger samples
In applications that use pre-triggers or post-triggers, if no pre-trigger or post-trigger
samples are specified in the I/Q data file, or too few trigger samples are provided to
satisfy the requirements of the application, the missing pre- or post-trigger values are
filled up with zeros. Superfluous samples in the file are dropped, if necessary. For pretrigger samples, values are filled up or omitted at the beginning of the capture buffer.
For post-trigger samples, values are filled up or omitted at the end of the capture buffer.
4.4 Trigger basics
In a basic measurement with default settings, the measurement is started immediately.
However, sometimes you want the measurement to start only when a specific condition
is fulfilled, for example a signal level is exceeded, or in certain time intervals. For these
cases, you can define a trigger for the measurement. In FFT sweep mode, the trigger
defines when the data acquisition starts for the FFT conversion.
An "Offset" can be defined to delay the measurement after the trigger event, or to
include data before the actual trigger event in time domain measurements (pre-trigger
offset).
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For complex tasks, advanced trigger settings are available:
●
●
● Trigger offset...........................................................................................................39
● Trigger hysteresis....................................................................................................39
● Trigger drop-out time...............................................................................................40
● Trigger holdoff.........................................................................................................41
4.4.1 Trigger offset
An offset can be defined to delay the measurement after the trigger event, or to include
data before the actual trigger event in time domain measurements (pre-trigger offset).
Pre-trigger offsets are possible because the R&S FSW captures data continuously in
the time domain, even before the trigger occurs.
See "Trigger Offset" on page 62.
Measurement basics
Trigger basics
Hysteresis to avoid unwanted trigger events caused by noise
Holdoff to define exactly which trigger event causes the trigger in a jittering signal
4.4.2 Trigger hysteresis
Setting a hysteresis for the trigger helps avoid unwanted trigger events caused by
noise, for example. The hysteresis is a threshold to the trigger level that the signal
must fall below on a rising slope or rise above on a falling slope before another trigger
event occurs.
Example:
In the following example, the signal does not drop below the hysteresis (threshold)
before it reaches the trigger level again. Thus, the second possible trigger event on the
rising edge is ignored. On the falling edge, however, two trigger events occur. The signal exceeds the hysteresis before it falls to the trigger level the second time.
Trigger on rising edge
Trigger level
Trigger on falling edge
Trigger
hysteresis
T
T
T
T
Figure 4-3: Effects of the trigger hysteresis
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See "Hysteresis" on page 63
4.4.3 Trigger drop-out time
If a modulated signal is instable and produces occasional "drop-outs" during a burst,
you can define a minimum duration that the input signal must stay below the trigger
level before triggering again. This is called the "drop-out" time. Defining a dropout time
helps you stabilize triggering when the analyzer is triggering on undesired events.
Measurement basics
Trigger basics
T
T T
Drop-Out
Figure 4-4: Effect of the trigger drop-out time
See
"Drop-Out Time" on page 62.
Drop-out times for falling edge triggers
If a trigger is set to a falling edge ("Slope" = "Falling", see "Slope" on page 63) the
measurement is to start when the power level falls below a certain level. This is useful,
for example, to trigger at the end of a burst, similar to triggering on the rising edge for
the beginning of a burst.
If a drop-out time is defined, the power level must remain below the trigger level at
least for the duration of the drop-out time (as defined above). However, if a drop-out
time is defined that is longer than the pulse width, this condition cannot be met before
the final pulse. Thus, a trigger event does not occur until the pulsed signal is over.
T
T
T
Drop-Out
Figure 4-5: Trigger drop-out time for falling edge trigger
For gated measurements, a combination of a falling edge trigger and a drop-out time is
generally not allowed.
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4.4.4 Trigger holdoff
The trigger holdoff defines a waiting period before the next trigger after the current one
will be recognized.
Measurement basics
Trigger basics
Frame 1
T
TT
Holdoff
Figure 4-6: Effect of the trigger holdoff
See "Trigger Holdoff" on page 63.
Frame 2
T
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5 Configuration
Access: [MODE] > "802.11ad"/"802.11ay EDMG"
IEEE 802.11ad/ay measurements require a special application on the R&S FSW.
Furthermore, an optional bandwidth extension of at least 2 GHz must be installed and
active to analyze IEEE 802.11ad/ay signals. For information on available options, see
the R&S FSW data sheet.
For details on using and setting up bandwidth extension options that require an oscilloscope, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual and the oscilloscope
documentation.
The default IEEE 802.11ad/ay Modulation Accuracy measurement captures the I/Q
data from the IEEE 802.11ad/ay Modulation Accuracy measurement signal and determines various characteristic signal parameters such as the modulation accuracy, channel frequency response, and power gain in just one measurement (see Chapter 3.1,
"IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement", on page 12).
Configuration
Display configuration
Other parameters specified in the IEEE 802.11ad/ay standard must be determined in
separate measurements (see Chapter 3.2, "SEM measurements", on page 28).
The settings required to configure each of these measurements are described here.
● Display configuration...............................................................................................42
● IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement.......................................... 43
● SEM measurements................................................................................................72
5.1 Display configuration
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
Or: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Display Config"
The measurement results can be displayed using various evaluation methods. All evaluation methods available for the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications are displayed in
the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode.
Drag one or more evaluations to the display area and configure the layout as required.
Up to 16 evaluation methods can be displayed simultaneously in separate windows.
The IEEE 802.11ad/ay evaluation methods are described in Chapter 3.1.1, "Evaluation
methods for IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurements", on page 12.
To close the SmartGrid mode and restore the previous softkey menu select the
"Close" icon in the righthand corner of the toolbar, or press any key.
For details on working with the SmartGrid, see the R&S FSW Getting Started manual.
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5.2 IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Modulation Accuracy"
Or: [MEAS] > "Select Measurement" > "Modulation Accuracy"
When you activate the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications, an I/Q measurement of the
input signal is started automatically with the default configuration. The "WiGig Meas"
menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configuration functions.
The "Span", "Bandwidth", "Lines", and "Marker Functions" menus are not available for
IEEE 802.11ad/ay Modulation Accuracy measurements.
Multiple access paths to functionality
The easiest way to configure a measurement channel is via the "Overview" dialog box,
which is displayed when you select the "Overview" softkey from any IEEE 802.11ad/ay
menu.
Alternatively, you can access the individual dialog boxes via softkeys from the corresponding menus, or via tools in the toolbars, if available.
In this documentation, only the most convenient method of accessing the dialog boxes
is indicated - usually via the "Overview".
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
● Configuration overview............................................................................................43
● Input, output and frontend settings..........................................................................45
● Data acquisition.......................................................................................................57
● Trigger settings....................................................................................................... 59
● Tracking.................................................................................................................. 65
● Automatic settings...................................................................................................66
● Sweep settings........................................................................................................66
● Result configuration................................................................................................ 68
5.2.1 Configuration overview
Access: all menus
Throughout the measurement channel configuration, an overview of the most important
currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview".
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Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
The "Overview" not only shows the main measurement settings, it also provides quick
access to the main settings dialog boxes. The indicated signal flow shows which
parameters affect which processing stage in the measurement. Thus, you can easily
configure an entire measurement channel from input over processing to output and
analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the "Overview".
The available settings and functions in the "Overview" vary depending on the currently
selected measurement. For SEM measurements, see Chapter 3.2, "SEM measure-
ments", on page 28.
For the IEEE 802.11ad/ay Modulation Accuracy measurement, the "Overview" provides
quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes (listed in the recommended
order of processing):
1. "Select Measurement"
See "Select Measurement" on page 45
2. "Input/ Frontend"
See Chapter 5.2.2, "Input, output and frontend settings", on page 45
3. "Data Acquisition"
See Chapter 5.2.3, "Data acquisition", on page 57
4. "Tracking"
See Chapter 5.2.5, "Tracking", on page 65
5. "Evaluation Range"
See Chapter 6.1, "Evaluation range", on page 75
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6. "Display Configuration"
To configure settings
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to
restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Note: Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the [Preset] key, which restores
the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the
R&S FSW (except for the default channel)!
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 97
Select Measurement
Selects a measurement to be performed.
See Chapter 3, "Measurements and result displays", on page 12.
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
See Chapter 5.1, "Display configuration", on page 42
Specific Settings for
The channel can contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the
selected window.
Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed
in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.
The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected
window.
5.2.2 Input, output and frontend settings
Access: "Overview" ≥ "Input/Frontend"
Or: [INPUT/OUTPUT]
The R&S FSW can analyze signals from different input sources and provide various
types of output (such as noise or trigger signals).
Importing and Exporting I/Q Data
The I/Q data to be analyzed for IEEE 802.11ad/ay cannot only be measured by the
R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications itself, it can also be imported to the application,
provided it has the correct format. Furthermore, the analyzed I/Q data from the R&S
FSW 802.11ad/ay applications can be exported for further analysis in external applications.
See the R&S FSW user manual.
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Frequency, amplitude and y-axis scaling settings represent the "frontend" of the measurement setup.
● Input source settings...............................................................................................46
● Output settings........................................................................................................50
● Frequency settings..................................................................................................51
● Amplitude settings...................................................................................................52
5.2.2.1 Input source settings
Access: "Overview" ≥ "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source Config"
Or: [INPUT/OUTPUT] > "Input Source Config"
The input source determines which data the R&S FSW analyzes.
Further input sources
The R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications application can also process input from the
following optional sources:
●
●
●
●
●
●
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
I/Q Input files
External mixer
External frontend
Baseband oscilloscope input (R&S FSW-B2071)
2 GHz / 5 GHz bandwidth extension (R&S FSW-B2000/B5000)
Active modular probes
For details see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
● Radio frequency input............................................................................................. 46
● Settings for input from I/Q data files........................................................................48
Radio frequency input
Access: "Overview" ≥ "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source Config"> "Radio Frequency"
Or: [INPUT/OUTPUT] > "Input Source Config" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"
The default input source for the R&S FSW is "Radio Frequency", i.e. the signal at the
[RF Input] connector of the R&S FSW. If no additional options are installed, this is the
only available input source.
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Radio Frequency State................................................................................................. 47
Input Coupling...............................................................................................................47
Preamplifier...................................................................................................................48
Radio Frequency State
Activates input from the "RF Input" connector.
For R&S FSW85 models with two input connectors, you must define which input
source is used for each measurement channel.
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
If an external frontend is active, select the connector the external frontend is connected
to. You cannot use the other RF input connector simultaneously for the same channel.
However, you can configure the use of the other RF input connector for another active
channel at the same time.
"Input 1"
"Input 2"
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:SELect on page 100
INPut<ip>:TYPE on page 101
Input Coupling
The RF input of the R&S FSW can be coupled by alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).
For an active external frontend, input coupling is always DC.
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. AC coupling is activated by
default to prevent damage to the instrument. Very low frequencies in the input signal
can be distorted.
However, some specifications require DC coupling. In this case, you must protect the
instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data
sheet.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:COUPling on page 100
1.00 mm RF input connector for frequencies up to 85 GHz (90 GHz
with option R&S FSW-B90G)
1.85 mm RF input connector for frequencies up to 67 GHz
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Preamplifier
If the (optional) internal preamplifier hardware is installed, a preamplifier can be activated for the RF input signal.
You can use a preamplifier to analyze signals from DUTs with low output power.
Note: If an optional external preamplifier is activated, the internal preamplifier is auto-
matically disabled, and vice versa.
For an active external frontend, a preamplifier is not available.
For all R&S FSW models except for R&S FSW85, the following settings are available:
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
"Off"
"15 dB"
"30 dB"
For R&S FSW85 models, the input signal is amplified by 30 dB if the preamplifier is
activated.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe on page 147
INPut<ip>:GAIN[:VALue] on page 147
Settings for input from I/Q data files
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
Or: [INPUT/OUTPUT] > "Input Source Config" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
Deactivates the preamplifier.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 15 dB.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 30 dB.
I/Q Input File State........................................................................................................ 48
Select I/Q data file.........................................................................................................49
Selected Channel..........................................................................................................49
File Repetitions............................................................................................................. 49
I/Q Input File State
Enables input from the selected I/Q input file.
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If enabled, the application performs measurements on the data from this file. Thus,
most measurement settings related to data acquisition (attenuation, center frequency,
measurement bandwidth, sample rate) cannot be changed. The measurement time
can only be decreased to perform measurements on an extract of the available data
only.
Note: Even when the file input is disabled, the input file remains selected and can be
enabled again quickly by changing the state.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:SELect on page 100
Select I/Q data file
Opens a file selection dialog box to select an input file that contains I/Q data.
The I/Q data file must be in one of the following supported formats:
●
●
●
●
●
●
Note: Only a single data stream or channel can be used as input, even if multiple
streams or channels are stored in the file.
Note: For some file formats that do not provide the sample rate and measurement time
or record length, you must define these parameters manually. Otherwise the traces are
not visible in the result displays.
The default storage location for I/Q data files is C:\R_S\INSTR\USER.
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
.iq.tar
.iqw
.csv
.mat
.wv
.aid
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILE:PATH on page 101
Selected Channel
Only available for files that contain more than one data stream from multiple channels:
selects the data stream to be used as input for the currently selected channel.
In "Auto" mode (default), the first data stream in the file is used as input for the channel. Applications that support multiple data streams use the first data stream in the file
for the first input stream, the second for the second stream etc.
Remote command:
MMEMory:LOAD:IQ:STReam on page 102
MMEMory:LOAD:IQ:STReam:AUTO on page 103
MMEMory:LOAD:IQ:STReam:LIST? on page 103
File Repetitions
Determines how often the data stream is repeatedly copied in the I/Q data memory to
create a longer record. If the available memory is not sufficient for the specified number of repetitions, the largest possible number of complete data streams is used.
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:FILE:REPetition:COUNt on page 103
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5.2.2.2 Output settings
Access: [Input/Output] > "Output"
The R&S FSW can provide output to special connectors for other devices.
For details on connectors, refer to the R&S FSW Getting Started manual, "Front / Rear
Panel View" chapters.
How to provide trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FSW User
Manual.
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Data Output...................................................................................................................50
Noise Source Control....................................................................................................51
Data Output
Defines the type of signal available at one of the output connectors of the R&S FSW.
For restrictions and additional information, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q
Input User Manual.
"IF"
The measured IF value is provided at the IF/VIDEO/DEMOD output
connector.
For bandwidths up to 80 MHZ, the IF output is provided at the specified "IF Out Frequency".
If an optional bandwidth extension R&S FSW-B160/-B320/-B512 is
used, the measured IF value is available at the "IF WIDE OUTPUT"
connector. The frequency at which this value is output is determined
automatically. It is displayed as the "IF Wide Out Frequency". For
details on the used frequencies, see the data sheet.
This setting is not available for bandwidths larger than 512 MHz.
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Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
"2ND IF"
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:IF[:SOURce] on page 139
OUTPut<up>:IF:IFFRequency on page 139
Noise Source Control
Enables or disables the 28 V voltage supply for an external noise source connected to
the "Noise source control / Power sensor") connector. By switching the supply voltage
for an external noise source on or off in the firmware, you can enable or disable the
device as required.
External noise sources are useful when you are measuring power levels that fall below
the noise floor of the R&S FSW itself, for example when measuring the noise level of
an amplifier.
In this case, you can first connect an external noise source (whose noise power level is
known in advance) to the R&S FSW and measure the total noise power. From this
value, you can determine the noise power of the R&S FSW. Then when you measure
the power level of the actual DUT, you can deduct the known noise level from the total
power to obtain the power level of the DUT.
Remote command:
DIAGnostic:SERVice:NSOurce on page 139
The measured IF value is provided at the "IF OUT 2 GHz/ IF OUT
5 GHz " output connector, if available, at a frequency of 2 GHz and
with a bandwidth of 2 GHz. The availability of this connector depends
on the instrument model.
This setting is not available if the optional 2 GHz / 5 GHz bandwidth
extension (R&S FSW-B2000/B5000) is active.
5.2.2.3 Frequency settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Frequency"
Center Frequency......................................................................................................... 52
Center Frequency Stepsize...........................................................................................52
Frequency Offset...........................................................................................................52
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Center Frequency
Defines the center frequency of the signal in Hertz.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 140
Center Frequency Stepsize
Defines the step size by which the center frequency is increased or decreased using
the arrow keys.
When you use the rotary knob the center frequency changes in steps of only 1/10 of
the span.
The step size can be coupled to another value or it can be manually set to a fixed
value.
"= Center"
"Manual"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP on page 140
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Sets the step size to the value of the center frequency. The used
value is indicated in the "Value" field.
Defines a fixed step size for the center frequency. Enter the step size
in the "Value" field.
Frequency Offset
Shifts the displayed frequency range along the x-axis by the defined offset.
This parameter has no effect on the instrument's hardware, on the captured data, or on
data processing. It is simply a manipulation of the final results in which absolute frequency values are displayed. Thus, the x-axis of a spectrum display is shifted by a
constant offset if it shows absolute frequencies. However, if it shows frequencies relative to the signal's center frequency, it is not shifted.
A frequency offset can be used to correct the display of a signal that is slightly distorted
by the measurement setup, for example.
The allowed values range from -1 THz to 1 THz. The default setting is 0 Hz.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet on page 141
5.2.2.4 Amplitude settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Amplitude"
Amplitude settings determine how the R&S FSW must process or display the expected
input power levels.
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Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
In the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications, the impedance is fixed to 50 Ω and cannot
be changed.
Reference Level............................................................................................................53
└ Shifting the Display (Offset)............................................................................ 54
└ Unit..................................................................................................................54
└ Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level).................................54
RF Attenuation.............................................................................................................. 55
└ Attenuation Mode / Value................................................................................55
Using Electronic Attenuation.........................................................................................55
Input Settings................................................................................................................ 56
└ Preamplifier.....................................................................................................56
└ Ext. PA Correction...........................................................................................56
Reference Level
The reference level can also be used to scale power diagrams; the reference level is
then used for the calculation of the maximum on the y-axis.
Since the hardware of the R&S FSW is adapted according to this value, it is recommended that you set the reference level close above the expected maximum signal
level. Thus you ensure an optimum measurement (no compression, good signal-tonoise ratio).
Note: Note that for input from the External Mixer (R&S FSW-B21) the maximum refer-
ence level also depends on the conversion loss; see the R&S FSW base unit user
manual for details.
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For an active external frontend, the reference level refers to the RF input at the external frontend, not the levels at the RF input of the R&S FSW.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel
on page 142
Shifting the Display (Offset) ← Reference Level
Defines an arithmetic level offset. This offset is added to the measured level. In some
result displays, the scaling of the y-axis is changed accordingly.
Define an offset if the signal is attenuated or amplified before it is fed into the
R&S FSW so the application shows correct power results. All displayed power level
results are shifted by this value.
The setting range is ±200 dB in 0.01 dB steps.
Note, however, that the internal reference level (used to adjust the hardware settings to
the expected signal) ignores any "Reference Level Offset". Thus, it is important to keep
in mind the actual power level the R&S FSW must handle. Do not rely on the displayed
reference level (internal reference level = displayed reference level - offset).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:
OFFSet on page 143
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Unit ← Reference Level
The R&S FSW measures the signal voltage at the RF input.
The following units are available and directly convertible:
●
dBm
●
dBmV
●
dBμV
●
dBμA
●
dBpW
●
Volt
●
Ampere
●
Watt
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:UNIT:POWer on page 176
Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level) ← Reference Level
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FSW for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators and
the preamplifier (for analog baseband input: the full-scale level) are adjusted. As a
result, the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clipping are
minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FSW.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
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Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 161
RF Attenuation
Defines the attenuation applied to the RF input of the R&S FSW.
Attenuation Mode / Value ← RF Attenuation
The RF attenuation can be set automatically as a function of the selected reference
level (Auto mode). Automatic attenuation ensures that no overload occurs at the RF
Input connector for the current reference level. It is the default setting.
By default and when no (optional) electronic attenuation is available, mechanical
attenuation is applied.
In "Manual" mode, you can set the RF attenuation in 1 dB steps (down to 0 dB). Other
entries are rounded to the next integer value. The range is specified in the data sheet.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the defined RF attenuation, the reference level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed.
NOTICE! Risk of hardware damage due to high power levels. When decreasing the
attenuation manually, ensure that the power level does not exceed the maximum level
allowed at the RF input, as an overload can lead to hardware damage.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation on page 144
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO on page 144
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Using Electronic Attenuation
If the (optional) Electronic Attenuation hardware is installed on the R&S FSW, you can
also activate an electronic attenuator.
In "Auto" mode, the settings are defined automatically; in "Manual" mode, you can
define the mechanical and electronic attenuation separately.
For an active external frontend, electronic attenuation is not available.
Note: Electronic attenuation is not available for stop frequencies (or center frequencies
in zero span) above 15 GHz.
In "Auto" mode, RF attenuation is provided by the electronic attenuator as much as
possible to reduce the amount of mechanical switching required. Mechanical attenuation can provide a better signal-to-noise ratio, however.
When you switch off electronic attenuation, the RF attenuation is automatically set to
the same mode (auto/manual) as the electronic attenuation was set to. Thus, the RF
attenuation can be set to automatic mode, and the full attenuation is provided by the
mechanical attenuator, if possible.
The electronic attenuation can be varied in 1 dB steps. If the electronic attenuation is
on, the mechanical attenuation can be varied in 5 dB steps. Other entries are rounded
to the next lower integer value.
For the R&S FSW85, the mechanical attenuation can be varied only in 10 dB steps.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the given attenuation, the reference
level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed in the status
bar.
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Remote command:
INPut<ip>:EATT:STATe on page 145
INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO on page 145
INPut<ip>:EATT on page 145
Input Settings
Some input settings affect the measured amplitude of the signal, as well.
The parameters "Input Coupling" and "Impedance" are identical to those in the "Input"
settings.
See Chapter 5.2.2.1, "Input source settings", on page 46.
Preamplifier ← Input Settings
If the (optional) internal preamplifier hardware is installed, a preamplifier can be activated for the RF input signal.
You can use a preamplifier to analyze signals from DUTs with low output power.
Note: If an optional external preamplifier is activated, the internal preamplifier is auto-
matically disabled, and vice versa.
For an active external frontend, a preamplifier is not available.
For all R&S FSW models except for R&S FSW85, the following settings are available:
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
"Off"
"15 dB"
"30 dB"
For R&S FSW85 models, the input signal is amplified by 30 dB if the preamplifier is
activated.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe on page 147
INPut<ip>:GAIN[:VALue] on page 147
Ext. PA Correction ← Input Settings
This function is only available if an external preamplifier is connected to the R&S FSW,
and only for frequencies above 1 GHz. For details on connection, see the preamplifier's
documentation.
Using an external preamplifier, you can measure signals from devices under test with
low output power, using measurement devices which feature a low sensitivity and do
not have a built-in RF preamplifier.
When you connect the external preamplifier, the R&S FSW reads out the touchdown
(.S2P) file from the EEPROM of the preamplifier. This file contains the s-parameters of
the preamplifier. As soon as you connect the preamplifier to the R&S FSW, the preamplifier is permanently on and ready to use. However, you must enable data correction
based on the stored data explicitly on the R&S FSW using this setting.
Deactivates the preamplifier.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 15 dB.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 30 dB.
When enabled, the R&S FSW automatically compensates the magnitude and phase
characteristics of the external preamplifier in the measurement results. Any internal
preamplifier, if available, is disabled.
For R&S FSW85 models with two RF inputs, you can enable correction from the external preamplifier for each input individually, but not for both at the same time.
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When disabled, no compensation is performed even if an external preamplifier remains
connected.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:EGAin[:STATe] on page 146
5.2.3 Data acquisition
Access: "Overview" > "Data Acquisition"
Or: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Data Acquisition"
You can define how much and how data is captured from the input signal.
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Figure 5-1: Data acquisition settings for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Figure 5-2: Data acquisition settings for IEEE 802.11ay measurements
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NCB (IEEE 802.11 ay only).............................................................................................58
Chip Rate (CR) (IEEE 802.11 ay only)..........................................................................58
Sample Rate (SR) (IEEE 802.11 ay only)..................................................................... 58
Used Chip Rate (IEEE 802.11 ay only)......................................................................... 58
Sample Rate (IEEE 802.11ad)...................................................................................... 58
Measurement Time....................................................................................................... 59
Swap I/Q....................................................................................................................... 59
NCB (IEEE 802.11 ay only)
Indicates the number of contiguous 2.16 GHz channels in the signal.
Note that the R&S FSW hardware currently only supports measurement bandwidths up
to a maximum of 8 GHz (using bandwidth extension options). Thus, measurements
with 4 channels can only be performed on data from input files or using downsampling
(see "Sample Rate (SR) (IEEE 802.11 ay only)" on page 58).
Remote command:
CONFigure:EDMG:NCB on page 148
Chip Rate (CR) (IEEE 802.11 ay only)
Chip rate used for transmission; specified in the IEEE 802.11 ay standard as:
NCB * 1.76 GHz
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Remote command:
CONFigure:EDMG:CRATe on page 148
Sample Rate (SR) (IEEE 802.11 ay only)
For reference only: Sample rate used for transmission; specified in the IEEE 802.11 ay
standard as:
2* <chip_rate>
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:SRATe on page 150
Used Chip Rate (IEEE 802.11 ay only)
By default, data acquisition is set to the chip rate and sample rate specified in the IEEE
802.11 ay standard. To change the chip rate (and thus the sample rate), you can perform a non-standard measurement. When you switch to "Non Standard", the Chip Rate
(CR) (IEEE 802.11 ay only) setting becomes available.
For example, you can reduce the chip rate to obtain an overview of a signal with 4
channels, which normally requires a sample rate that is not supported by the
R&S FSW.
Remote command:
CONFigure:EDMG:UCRate on page 149
Sample Rate (IEEE 802.11ad)
This is the sample rate the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications expects the I/Q input
data to have. For standard IEEE 802.11ad measurements, a sample rate of 2.64 MHz
is used.
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The R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications does not resample the data. To measure signals with a sample rate other than the standard 2.64 MHz for IEEE 802.11ad signals,
change this setting.
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:SRATe on page 150
Measurement Time
Specifies the duration (and therefore the amount of data) to be captured in the capture
buffer. If the measurement time is too short, demodulation fails. In particular, if the
result length does not fit in the capture buffer, demodulation fails.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:TIME on page 149
Swap I/Q
Activates or deactivates the inverted I/Q modulation. If the I and Q parts of the signal
from the DUT are interchanged, the R&S FSW can do the same to compensate for it.
On I and Q signals are interchanged
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Inverted sideband, Q+j*I
Off I and Q signals are not interchanged
Normal sideband, I+j*Q
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWAPiq on page 149
5.2.4 Trigger settings
Access: "Overview" > "Trigger"
Trigger settings determine when the input signal is measured.
External triggers from one of the [TRIGGER INPUT/OUTPUT] connectors on the
R&S FSW are configured in a separate tab of the dialog box.
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For step-by-step instructions on configuring triggered measurements, see the main
R&S FSW User Manual.
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Trigger Source...............................................................................................................60
└ Trigger Source................................................................................................ 60
└ Free Run...............................................................................................61
└ External Trigger 1/2/3........................................................................... 61
└ External Analog.................................................................................... 61
└ IF Power............................................................................................... 61
└ RF Power..............................................................................................62
└ I/Q Power..............................................................................................62
└ Trigger Level...................................................................................................62
└ Drop-Out Time................................................................................................ 62
└ Trigger Offset..................................................................................................62
└ Hysteresis....................................................................................................... 63
└ Trigger Holdoff................................................................................................ 63
└ Slope...............................................................................................................63
Trigger 2/3.....................................................................................................................63
└ Output Type.................................................................................................... 64
└ Level..................................................................................................... 64
└ Pulse Length.........................................................................................65
└ Send Trigger.........................................................................................65
Trigger Source
The trigger settings define the beginning of a measurement.
Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Defines the trigger source. If a trigger source other than "Free Run" is set, "TRG" is
displayed in the channel bar and the trigger source is indicated.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 153
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Free Run ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
No trigger source is considered. Data acquisition is started manually or automatically
and continues until stopped explicitly.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IMM, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 153
External Trigger 1/2/3 ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Data acquisition starts when the TTL signal fed into the specified input connector
meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
(See "Trigger Level" on page 62).
Note: The "External Trigger 1" softkey automatically selects the trigger signal from the
"TRIGGER 1 INPUT" connector on the front panel.
For details, see the "Instrument Tour" chapter in the R&S FSW Getting Started manual.
"External Trigger 1"
"External Trigger 2"
"External Trigger 3"
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR EXT, TRIG:SOUR EXT2
TRIG:SOUR EXT3
See TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 153
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Trigger signal from the "TRIGGER 1 INPUT" connector.
Trigger signal from the "TRIGGER 2 INPUT / OUTPUT" connector.
For R&S FSW85 models, "Trigger 2" is not available due to the second RF input connector on the front panel.
Trigger signal from the "TRIGGER 3 INPUT / OUTPUT" connector on
the rear panel.
External Analog ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Data acquisition starts when the signal fed into the EXT TRIGGER INPUT connector
on the oscilloscope meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
For details, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR EXT, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 153
IF Power ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
The R&S FSW starts capturing data as soon as the trigger level is exceeded around
the third intermediate frequency.
For frequency sweeps, the third IF represents the start frequency. The trigger threshold
depends on the defined trigger level, as well as on the RF attenuation and preamplification. A reference level offset, if defined, is also considered. The trigger bandwidth at
the intermediate frequency depends on the RBW and sweep type. For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths, see the instrument data sheet.
For measurements on a fixed frequency (e.g. zero span or I/Q measurements), the
third IF represents the center frequency.
This trigger source is only available for RF input.
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The available trigger levels depend on the RF attenuation and preamplification. A reference level offset, if defined, is also considered.
For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths, see the data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IFP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 153
RF Power ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Defines triggering of the measurement via signals which are outside the displayed
measurement range.
For this purpose, the instrument uses a level detector at the first intermediate frequency.
The resulting trigger level at the RF input depends on the RF attenuation and preamplification. For details on available trigger levels, see the instrument's data sheet.
Note: If the input signal contains frequencies outside of this range (e.g. for fullspan
measurements), the measurement can be aborted. A message indicating the allowed
input frequencies is displayed in the status bar.
A "Trigger Offset", "Trigger Polarity" and "Trigger Holdoff" (to improve the trigger stability) can be defined for the RF trigger, but no "Hysteresis".
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR RFP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 153
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
I/Q Power ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Triggers the measurement when the magnitude of the sampled I/Q data exceeds the
trigger threshold.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IQP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 153
Trigger Level ← Trigger Source
Defines the trigger level for the specified trigger source.
For details on supported trigger levels, see the instrument data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IFPower on page 152
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IQPower on page 152
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>] on page 152
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:RFPower on page 153
Drop-Out Time ← Trigger Source
Defines the time that the input signal must stay below the trigger level before triggering
again.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe on page 150
Trigger Offset ← Trigger Source
Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the measurement.
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Offset > 0: Start of the measurement is delayed
Offset < 0: Measurement starts earlier (pretrigger)
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME] on page 151
Hysteresis ← Trigger Source
Defines the distance in dB to the trigger level that the trigger source must exceed
before a trigger event occurs. Setting a hysteresis avoids unwanted trigger events
caused by noise oscillation around the trigger level.
This setting is only available for "IF Power" trigger sources. The range of the value is
between 3 dB and 50 dB with a step width of 1 dB.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis on page 151
Trigger Holdoff ← Trigger Source
Defines the minimum time (in seconds) that must pass between two trigger events.
Trigger events that occur during the holdoff time are ignored.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff on page 151
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Slope ← Trigger Source
For all trigger sources except time, you can define whether triggering occurs when the
signal rises to the trigger level or falls down to it.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe on page 153
Trigger 2/3
The trigger input and output functionality depends on how the variable "Trigger Input/
Output" connectors are used.
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Note: Providing trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FSW User
Manual.
"Trigger 1"
"Trigger 2"
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
"Trigger 1" is input only.
Defines the usage of the variable "Trigger Input/Output" connector on
the front panel
(not available for R&S FSW85 models with 2 RF input connectors)
"Trigger 3"
"Input"
"Output"
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:DIRection on page 155
Output Type ← Trigger 2/3
Type of signal to be sent to the output
"Device Trig-
gered"
"Trigger
Armed"
"User Defined"
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:OTYPe on page 156
Defines the usage of the variable "Trigger 3 Input/Output" connector
on the rear panel
The signal at the connector is used as an external trigger source by
the R&S FSW. Trigger input parameters are available in the "Trigger"
dialog box.
The R&S FSW sends a trigger signal to the output connector to be
used by connected devices.
Further trigger parameters are available for the connector.
(Default) Sends a trigger when the R&S FSW triggers.
Sends a (high level) trigger when the R&S FSW is in "Ready for trigger" state.
This state is indicated by a status bit in the STATus:OPERation register (bit 5), as well as by a low-level signal at the "AUX" port (pin 9).
Sends a trigger when you select the "Send Trigger" button.
In this case, further parameters are available for the output signal.
Level ← Output Type ← Trigger 2/3
Defines whether a high (1) or low (0) constant signal is sent to the trigger output connector (for "Output Type": "User Defined".
The trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined here. For
example, for "Level" = "High", a constant high signal is output to the connector until you
select the Send Trigger function. Then, a low pulse is provided.
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:LEVel on page 155
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Pulse Length ← Output Type ← Trigger 2/3
Defines the duration of the pulse (pulse width) sent as a trigger to the output connector.
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:PULSe:LENGth on page 157
Send Trigger ← Output Type ← Trigger 2/3
Sends a user-defined trigger to the output connector immediately.
Note that the trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined
by the output Level setting. For example, for "Level" = "High", a constant high signal is
output to the connector until you select the "Send Trigger" function. Then, a low pulse
is sent.
Which pulse level is sent is indicated by a graphic on the button.
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:PULSe:IMMediate on page 156
5.2.5 Tracking
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Access: "Overview" > "Tracking"
Or: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Tracking"
Tracking settings allow for compensation of some transmission effects in the signal
(see "Phase, level and timing tracking" on page 34).
Phase Tracking............................................................................................................. 65
Level Error (Gain) Tracking...........................................................................................66
I/Q Mismatch Compensation.........................................................................................66
Phase Tracking
Activates or deactivates the compensation for phase drifts. If activated, the measurement results are compensated for phase drifts based on data symbol blocks (=512
symbols).
Tip: the phase drifts which are used for compensation are displayed in the Phase
Tracking vs Symbol result display.
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Remote command:
SENSe:TRACking:PHASe on page 158
Level Error (Gain) Tracking
Activates or deactivates the compensation for level drifts within a single PPDU. If activated, the measurement results are compensated for level error on a per-symbol basis.
Remote command:
SENSe:TRACking:LEVel on page 158
I/Q Mismatch Compensation
Activates or deactivates the compensation for I/Q mismatch.
If activated, the measurement results are compensated for gain imbalance and quadra-
ture offset.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TRACking:IQMComp on page 157
5.2.6 Automatic settings
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Access: [AUTO SET]
Some settings can be adjusted by the R&S FSW automatically according to the current
measurement settings and signal characteristics.
Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level)...............................................66
Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level)
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FSW for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators and
the preamplifier (for analog baseband input: the full-scale level) are adjusted. As a
result, the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clipping are
minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FSW.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 161
5.2.7 Sweep settings
Access: [Sweep]
The sweep settings define how the data is measured.
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Continuous Sweep / Run Cont......................................................................................67
Single Sweep / Run Single............................................................................................67
Continue Single Sweep.................................................................................................67
Measurement Time....................................................................................................... 68
Sweep/Average Count.................................................................................................. 68
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont
After triggering, starts the sweep and repeats it continuously until stopped. This is the
default setting.
While the measurement is running, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
CONT] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the
highlighted softkey or key again. The results are not deleted until a new measurement
is started.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey only controls the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode
only takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a
channel-defined sequence. In this case, a channel in continuous sweep mode is swept
repeatedly.
Furthermore, the [RUN CONT] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps.
[RUN CONT] starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
For details on the Sequencer, see the R&S FSW User Manual.
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 180
Single Sweep / Run Single
While the measurement is running, the "Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN SINGLE]
key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Single Sweep" softkey only controls
the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode only
takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a channel-defined sequence. In this case, the Sequencer sweeps a channel in single sweep
mode only once.
Furthermore, the [RUN SINGLE] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps.
[RUN SINGLE] starts the Sequencer in single mode.
If the Sequencer is off, only the evaluation for the currently displayed channel is updated.
For details on the Sequencer, see the R&S FSW User Manual.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 181
Continue Single Sweep
After triggering, repeats the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count", without deleting
the trace of the last measurement.
While the measurement is running, the "Continue Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
SINGLE] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting
the highlighted softkey or key again.
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Measurement Time
Specifies the duration (and therefore the amount of data) to be captured in the capture
buffer. If the measurement time is too short, demodulation fails. In particular, if the
result length does not fit in the capture buffer, demodulation fails.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:TIME on page 149
Sweep/Average Count
Defines the number of measurements to be performed in the single sweep mode. Values from 0 to 200000 are allowed. If the values 0 or 1 are set, one measurement is
performed.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt on page 196
5.2.8 Result configuration
Access: "Overview" ≥ "Result Config"
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Or: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Result Config"
Some evaluation methods require or allow for additional settings to configure the result
display. Note that the available settings depend on the selected window (see "Specific
Settings for" on page 45).
● Table configuration..................................................................................................68
● Units........................................................................................................................69
● Y-scaling..................................................................................................................70
5.2.8.1 Table configuration
Access: "Overview" > "Result Config" > "Table Config"
Or: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Result Config" > "Table Config"
During each measurement, many statistical and characteristic values are determined.
The "Result Summary" provides an overview of the parameters selected here.
You can configure which results are displayed in "Result Summary" displays (see
"Result Summary" on page 22). However, the results are always calculated, regardless
of their visibility on the screen.
Note that the "Result Configuration" dialog box is window-specific; table configuration
settings are only available if a table display is selected.
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Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Select the parameters to be included in the table. For a description of the individual
parameters see Chapter 3.1.2, "Modulation accuracy parameters", on page 23.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TABLe:ITEM on page 174
5.2.8.2 Units
Access: "Overview" > "Result Config" > "Units"
Or: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Result Config" > "Units"
The unit for phase display is configurable. This setting is described here.
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Phase Unit.....................................................................................................................70
Bitstream Format...........................................................................................................70
Phase Unit
Defines the unit in which phases are displayed (degree or rad).
Remote command:
UNIT:ANGLe on page 175
Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Bitstream Format
Switches the format of the bitstream between octet and hexadecimal values.
Remote command:
FORMat:BSTReam on page 179
5.2.8.3 Y-scaling
Access: "Overview" > "Result Config" > "Y Scaling"
Or: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Result Config" > "Y Scaling"
The scaling for the vertical axis in (most) graphical displays is highly configurable,
using either absolute or relative values. These settings are described here.
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Configuration
IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement
Automatic Grid Scaling..................................................................................................71
Auto Scale Once........................................................................................................... 71
Absolute Scaling (Min/Max Values)...............................................................................71
Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)....................................................................72
└ Per Division.....................................................................................................72
└ Ref Position.....................................................................................................72
└ Ref Value........................................................................................................ 72
Automatic Grid Scaling
The y-axis is scaled automatically according to the current measurement settings and
results.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO
on page 176
Auto Scale Once
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be displayed for the current measurement settings.
The display is only set once; it is not adapted further if the measurement settings are
changed again.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO
on page 176
Absolute Scaling (Min/Max Values)
Define the scaling using absolute minimum and maximum values.
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Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum on page 143
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum on page 143
Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)
Define the scaling relative to a reference value, with a specified value range per division.
Per Division ← Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)
Defines the value range to be displayed per division of the diagram (1/10 of total
range).
Note: The value defined per division refers to the default display of 10 divisions on the
y-axis. If fewer divisions are displayed (e.g. because the window is reduced in height),
the range per division is increased to display the same result range in the smaller window. In this case, the per division value does not correspond to the actual display.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision
on page 177
Configuration
SEM measurements
Ref Position ← Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)
Defines the position of the reference value in percent of the total y-axis range.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition
on page 177
Ref Value ← Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)
Defines the reference value to be displayed at the specified reference position.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RVALue on page 178
5.3 SEM measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
Or: [MEAS] > "Select Measurement"
When you activate a measurement channel in IEEE 802.11ad/ay mode, an IQ measurement of the input signal is started automatically (see Chapter 3.1, "IEEE
802.11ad/ay modulation accuracy measurement", on page 12). However, some param-
eters specified in the IEEE 802.11ad/ay standard require a better signal-to-noise level
or a smaller bandwidth filter than the default measurement on I/Q data provides and
must be determined in separate measurements based on RF data (see Chapter 3.2,
"SEM measurements", on page 28). In these measurements, demodulation is not per-
formed.
The R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications uses the functionality of the R&S FSW base
system (Spectrum application) to perform the IEEE 802.11ad/ay SEM measurements.
Some parameters are set automatically according to the IEEE 802.11ad/ay standard
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the first time a measurement is selected (since the last [PRESET] operation). These
parameters can be changed, but are not reset automatically the next time you re-enter
the measurement. Refer to the description of each measurement type for details.
The main measurement configuration menus for the IEEE 802.11ad/ay SEM measurements are identical to the Spectrum application.
For details refer to "Measurements" in the R&S FSW User Manual.
● Spectrum emission mask........................................................................................73
5.3.1 Spectrum emission mask
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "SEM"
Or: [MEAS] > "Select Measurement" > "SEM"
The Spectrum Emission Mask measurement shows the quality of the measured signal
by comparing the power values in the frequency range near the carrier against a spectral mask that is defined by the IEEE 802.11ad/ay specifications. Thus, the performance of the DUT can be tested and the emissions and their distance to the limit are
identified.
Configuration
SEM measurements
Note that the IEEE 802.11ad/ay standard does not distinguish between spurious and
spectral emissions.
The "Result Summary" contains a peak list with the values for the largest spectral
emissions including their frequency and power.
The R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications performs the SEM measurement as in the
Spectrum application with the following settings:
Table 5-1: Predefined settings for IEEE 802.11ad SEM measurements
Setting Default value
Number of ranges 7
Frequency Span +/- 3.06 GHz
Fast SEM OFF
Sweep time 1 ms to 1.88 ms (depending on range)
RBW 1 MHz
Power reference type Peak Power
Tx Bandwidth 1.88 MHz
Number of power classes 1
For further details about the Spectrum Emission Mask measurements, refer to "Spectrum Emission Mask Measurement" in the R&S FSW User Manual.
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To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on
exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
●
●
The main measurement menus for the SEM measurements are identical to the Spectrum application.
Remote command:
SENS:SWE:MODE SEM
Configuration
SEM measurements
Reference level and reference level offset
Sweep time
Span
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6 Analysis
After a IEEE 802.11ad measurement has been performed, you can analyze the results
in various ways.
Analysis of SEM measurements
General result analysis settings concerning the trace, markers, lines etc. for RF measurements are identical to the analysis functions in the Spectrum application. Only
some special marker functions and spectrograms are not available in the R&S FSW
802.11ad/ay applications.
For details see the "Common Analysis and Display Functions" chapter in the
R&S FSW User Manual.
The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in Chapter 9.9,
"Analysis", on page 183.
● Evaluation range..................................................................................................... 75
● Trace configuration................................................................................................. 76
● Markers................................................................................................................... 78
Analysis
Evaluation range
6.1 Evaluation range
Access: "Overview" > "Evaluation Range"
Or: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Evaluation Range"
The evaluation range defines which objects the result displays are based on.
Figure 6-1: Evaluation range settings
PPDU to Analyze / Index of Specific PPDU..................................................................75
PPDU to Analyze / Index of Specific PPDU
If "All PPDUs" is enabled, the I/Q results are based on all PPDUs in the current capture
buffer.
If "Specific PPDU" is enabled, the IEEE 802.11ad I/Q results are based on one individual PPDU only, namely the one with the specified index. The result displays are updated to show the results for the new evaluation range. The selected PPDU is marked by
a blue bar in PPDU-based results (see "Magnitude Capture" on page 18).
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Note: Note that this setting is only applicable after a measurement has been per-
formed. As soon as a new measurement is started, the evaluation range is reset to all
PPDUs in the current capture buffer.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]BURSt:SELect:STATe on page 160
[SENSe:]BURSt:SELect on page 159
6.2 Trace configuration
Access: [Trace] > "Trace Config"
Analysis
Trace configuration
For the Power vs Time and "Channel Frequency Response" result displays, a maximum of three traces are available, for all other result displays in the R&S FSW
802.11ad/ay applications, only one trace is available. The trace modes cannot be
changed.
Trace data can also be exported to an ASCII file for further analysis. For details see
Chapter 6.2.1, "Trace / data export configuration", on page 77.
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6.2.1 Trace / data export configuration
Access: "Save" > "Export" > "Trace Export Configuration"
Or: [TRACE] > "Trace Config" > "Trace / Data Export"
The standard data management functions (e.g. saving or loading instrument settings)
that are available for all R&S FSW applications are not described here.
See the R&S FSW base unit user manual for a description of the standard functions.
Analysis
Trace configuration
Export all Traces and all Table Results......................................................................... 77
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings................................................................ 77
Export All Traces for Selected Graph............................................................................78
Trace to Export..............................................................................................................78
Decimal Separator........................................................................................................ 78
Export Trace to ASCII File.............................................................................................78
Export all Traces and all Table Results
Selects all displayed traces and result tables (e.g. "Result Summary", marker table
etc.) in the current application for export to an ASCII file.
Alternatively, you can select one specific trace only for export (see Trace to Export).
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window
by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:TRACes on page 217
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings
Includes additional instrument and measurement settings in the header of the export
file for result data.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:HEADer on page 216
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Export All Traces for Selected Graph
Includes all traces for the currently selected graphical result display in the export file.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:GRAPh on page 216
Trace to Export
Defines an individual trace to be exported to a file.
This setting is not available if Export all Traces and all Table Results is selected.
Decimal Separator
Defines the decimal separator for floating-point numerals for the data export/import
files. Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator on page 216
Export Trace to ASCII File
Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in ASCII format (.dat)
to the specified file and directory.
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window
by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Note: Secure user mode.
In secure user mode, settings that are stored on the instrument are stored to volatile
memory, which is restricted to 256 MB. Thus, a "memory limit reached" error can occur
although the hard disk indicates that storage space is still available.
To store data permanently, select an external storage location such as a USB memory
device.
For details, see "Protecting Data Using the Secure User Mode" in the "Data Management" section of the R&S FSW base unit user manual.
Analysis
Markers
Remote command:
MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe on page 217
6.3 Markers
Access: [MKR]
Markers help you analyze your measurement results by determining particular values
in the diagram. Thus you can extract numeric values from a graphical display.
● Individual marker settings....................................................................................... 78
● General marker settings..........................................................................................81
6.3.1 Individual marker settings
Access: [MKR] > "Marker Config"
Up to 17 markers or delta markers can be activated for each window simultaneously.
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Analysis
Markers
Delta Marker 1 / Marker 2 / Marker 3 / ... Marker 16 / Norm / Delta..............................79
Selected Marker............................................................................................................80
Marker State..................................................................................................................80
X-value..........................................................................................................................80
Marker Type..................................................................................................................80
Reference Marker......................................................................................................... 80
Linking to Another Marker.............................................................................................81
Assigning the Marker to a Trace................................................................................... 81
All Markers Off...............................................................................................................81
Delta Marker 1 / Marker 2 / Marker 3 / ... Marker 16 / Norm / Delta
The "Marker X" softkey activates the corresponding marker and opens an edit dialog
box to enter the marker position ("X-value"). Pressing the softkey again deactivates the
selected marker.
Marker 1 is always the default reference marker for relative measurements. If activated, markers 2 to 16 are delta markers that refer to marker 1. These markers can be
converted into markers with absolute value display using the "Marker Type" function.
Note: If normal marker 1 is the active marker, pressing the "Mkr Type" softkey switches
on an additional delta marker 1.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 184
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 185
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 212
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 187
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X on page 188
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X:RELative? on page 211
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y? on page 212
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Selected Marker
Marker name. The marker which is currently selected for editing is highlighted orange.
Remote command:
Marker selected via suffix <m> in remote commands.
Marker State
Activates or deactivates the marker in the diagram.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 184
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 187
X-value
Defines the position of the marker on the x-axis.
Note: Setting markers in Parameter Trend Displays. In Parameter Trend displays,
especially when the x-axis unit is not pulse number, positioning a marker by defining its
x-axis value can be very difficult or unambiguous. Thus, markers can be positioned by
defining the corresponding pulse number in the "Marker" edit field for all parameter
trend displays, regardless of the displayed x-axis parameter. The "Marker" edit field is
displayed when you select one of the "Marker" softkeys.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X on page 188
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 185
Analysis
Markers
Marker Type
Toggles the marker type.
The type for marker 1 is always "Normal", the type for delta marker 1 is always "Delta".
These types cannot be changed.
Note: If normal marker 1 is the active marker, switching the "Mkr Type" activates an
additional delta marker 1. For any other marker, switching the marker type does not
activate an additional marker, it only switches the type of the selected marker.
"Normal"
"Delta"
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 184
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 187
Reference Marker
Defines a marker as the reference marker which is used to determine relative analysis
results (delta marker values).
If the reference marker is deactivated, the delta marker referring to it is also deactivated.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MREFerence on page 187
A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position
in the diagram.
A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker (marker 1 by default).
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Linking to Another Marker
Links the current marker to the marker selected from the list of active markers. If the xaxis value of the initial marker is changed, the linked marker follows to the same position on the x-axis. Linking is off by default.
Using this function you can set two markers on different traces to measure the difference (e.g. between a max hold trace and a min hold trace or between a measurement
and a reference trace).
For linked delta markers, the x-value of the delta marker is 0 Hz by default. To create a
delta marker in a fixed distance to another marker, define the distance as the x-value
for the linked delta marker.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md> on page 184
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md> on page 186
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:LINK on page 186
Assigning the Marker to a Trace
The "Trace" setting assigns the selected marker to an active trace. The trace determines which value the marker shows at the marker position. If the marker was previously assigned to a different trace, the marker remains on the previous frequency or
time, but indicates the value of the new trace.
If a trace is turned off, the assigned markers and marker functions are also deactivated.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe on page 185
Analysis
Markers
All Markers Off
Deactivates all markers in one step.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:AOFF on page 183
6.3.2 General marker settings
Access: [MKR ->]"Marker Config" > "Marker Settings"
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Marker Table Display.....................................................................................................82
Marker Info....................................................................................................................82
Marker Table Display
Defines how the marker information is displayed.
"On"
"Off"
"Auto"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MTABle on page 189
Analysis
Markers
Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath
the diagram.
No separate marker table is displayed.
If Marker Info is active, the marker information is displayed within the
diagram area.
(Default) If more than two markers are active, the marker table is displayed automatically.
If Marker Info is active, the marker information for up to two markers
is displayed in the diagram area.
Marker Info
Turns the marker information displayed in the diagram on and off.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MINFo[:STATe] on page 189
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7 I/Q data import and export
Baseband signals mostly occur as so-called complex baseband signals, i.e. a signal
representation that consists of two channels; the inphase (I) and the quadrature (Q)
channel. Such signals are referred to as I/Q signals. The complete modulation information and even distortion that originates from the RF, IF or baseband domains can be
analyzed in the I/Q baseband.
Importing and exporting I/Q signals is useful for various applications:
●
●
I/Q data import and export
Generating and saving I/Q signals in an RF or baseband signal generator or in
external software tools to analyze them with the R&S FSW later.
Capturing and saving I/Q signals with the R&S FSW to analyze them with the
R&S FSW or an external software tool later
As opposed to storing trace data, which can be averaged or restricted to peak values, I/Q data is stored as it was captured, without further processing. Multi-channel
data is not supported.
The data is stored as complex values in 32-bit floating-point format. The I/Q data is
stored in a format with the file extension .iq.tar.
For a detailed description, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
For example, you can capture I/Q data using the I/Q Analyzer application, if available,
and then analyze that data later using the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications.
An application note on converting Rohde & Schwarz I/Q data files is available from the
Rohde & Schwarz website:
1EF85: Converting R&S I/Q data files
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How to determine modulation accuracy parameters for IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE 802.11ay signals
8 How to perform measurements in the R&S
FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
The following step-by-step instructions demonstrate how to perform measurements in
the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications. The following tasks are described:
● How to determine modulation accuracy parameters for IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE
● How to determine the SEM for IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE 802.11ay signals..................85
8.1 How to determine modulation accuracy parameters for IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE 802.11ay signals
This description assumes the required bandwidth extension options are installed and
active.
See the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual for details.
How to perform measurements in the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
802.11ay signals..................................................................................................... 84
1. Press the [PRESET] key.
2. Press the [MODE] key.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FSW.
3. Select the "IEEE 802.11ad" item.
The R&S FSW opens a new measurement channel for the IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE
802.11ay measurement.
4. Select the "Overview" softkey to display the "Overview" for a IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE
802.11ay measurement.
5. Select the "Frequency" tab to define the input signal's center frequency.
6. Select the "Data Acquisition" button to define how much and which data to capture
from the input signal.
For IEEE 802.11ay measurements, define the number of contiguous channels
("NCB") used for measurement.
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7. Select the "Tracking" button to define which distortions will be compensated for.
8. Select the "Demod" button to provide information on the modulated signal and how
9. Select the "Evaluation Range" button to define which data in the capture buffer you
10. Select the "Display Config" button and select the displays that are of interest to you
11. Exit the SmartGrid mode.
12. Start a new sweep with the defined settings.
How to perform measurements in the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
How to determine the SEM for IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE 802.11ay signals
the PPDUs detected in the capture buffer are to be demodulated.
want to analyze.
(up to 16).
Arrange them on the display to suit your preferences.
● To perform a single sweep measurement, press the RUN SINGLE hardkey.
● To perform a continuous sweep measurement, press the RUN CONT hardkey.
Measurement results are updated once the measurement has completed.
8.2 How to determine the SEM for IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE
802.11ay signals
1. Press the [MODE] key and select the "IEEE 802.11ad" / "IEEE 802.11ay" applica-
tion.
The R&S FSW opens a new measurement channel for the IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE
802.11ay measurement. I/Q data acquisition is performed by default.
2. Select the required measurement:
a) Press the [MEAS] key.
b) In the "Select Measurement" dialog box, select the required measurement.
The selected measurement is activated with the default settings for IEEE 802.11ad
immediately.
3. Select the "Display Config" button and select the evaluation methods that are of
interest to you.
Arrange them on the display to suit your preferences.
4. Exit the SmartGrid mode and select the "Overview" softkey to display the "Over-
view" again.
5. Select the "Analysis" button in the "Overview" to make use of the advanced analy-
sis functions in the result displays.
● Configure a trace to display the average over a series of sweeps; if necessary,
increase the "Sweep Count" in the "Sweep" settings.
● Configure markers and delta markers to determine deviations and offsets within
the evaluated signal.
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6. Optionally, export the trace data of the graphical evaluation results to a file.
How to perform measurements in the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
How to determine the SEM for IEEE 802.11ad/IEEE 802.11ay signals
● Use special marker functions to calculate noise or a peak list.
● Configure a limit check to detect excessive deviations.
a) In the "Traces" tab of the "Analysis" dialog box, switch to the "Trace Export"
tab.
b) Select "Export Trace to ASCII File".
c) Define a file name and storage location and select "OK".
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9 Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad
measurements
The following commands are required to perform measurements in the R&S FSW
802.11ad/ay applications in a remote environment.
It is assumed that the R&S FSW has already been set up for remote control in a network as described in the R&S FSW User Manual.
Note that basic tasks that are independent of the application are not described here.
For a description of such tasks, see the R&S FSW User Manual.
In particular, this includes:
●
●
●
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Managing Settings and Results, i.e. storing and loading settings and result data
Basic instrument configuration, e.g. checking the system configuration, customizing
the screen layout, or configuring networks and remote operation
Using the common status registers
SCPI Recorder - automating tasks with remote command scripts
The R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications also supports the SCPI Recorder functionality.
Using the SCPI Recorder functions, you can create a SCPI script directly on the instru-
ment and then export the script for use on the controller. You can also edit or write a
script manually, using a suitable editor on the controller. For manual creation, the
instrument supports you by showing the corresponding command syntax for the current setting value.
For details see the "Network and Remote Operation" chapter in the R&S FSW User
Manual.
After an introduction to SCPI commands, the following tasks specific to the R&S FSW
802.11ad/ay applications are described here:
● Common suffixes.................................................................................................... 88
● Introduction............................................................................................................. 88
● Activating IEEE 802.11ad measurements...............................................................93
● Selecting a measurement....................................................................................... 97
● Configuring the IEEE 802.11ad modulation accuracy measurement......................99
● Configuring SEM measurements on IEEE 802.11ad signals................................ 162
● Configuring the result display................................................................................165
● Starting a measurement........................................................................................179
● Analysis.................................................................................................................183
● Retrieving results.................................................................................................. 197
● Status registers..................................................................................................... 218
● Programming examples (R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications)............................221
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9.1 Common suffixes
In the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications, the following common suffixes are used in
remote commands:
Table 9-1: Common suffixes used in remote commands in the R&S FSW 802.11ad/ay applications
Suffix Value range Description
<m> 1 to 4 (SEM: 16) Marker
<n> 1 to 16 Window (in the currently selected channel)
<t> irrelevant (SEM: 6) Trace
<li> 1 to 8 Limit line
9.2 Introduction
Commands are program messages that a controller (e.g. a PC) sends to the instrument or software. They operate its functions ('setting commands' or 'events') and
request information ('query commands'). Some commands can only be used in one
way, others work in two ways (setting and query). If not indicated otherwise, the commands can be used for settings and queries.
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Introduction
The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and, usually, one or more parameters. To use a command as a query, you have to append a question mark after the
last header element, even if the command contains a parameter.
A header contains one or more keywords, separated by a colon. Header and parameters are separated by a "white space" (ASCII code 0 to 9, 11 to 32 decimal, e.g. blank).
If there is more than one parameter for a command, they are separated by a comma
from one another.
Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI
commands are described here. For a more complete description, refer to the user
manual of the R&S FSW.
Remote command examples
Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction are
possibly not supported by this particular application.
9.2.1 Conventions used in descriptions
The following conventions are used in the remote command descriptions:
●
Command usage
If not specified otherwise, commands can be used both for setting and for querying
parameters.
If a command can be used for setting or querying only, or if it initiates an event, the
usage is stated explicitly.
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●
●
●
●
●
●
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Introduction
Parameter usage
If not specified otherwise, a parameter can be used to set a value and it is the
result of a query.
Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters.
Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters.
Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return
values.
Conformity
Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI confirmed. All commands used by the R&S FSW follow the SCPI syntax rules.
Asynchronous commands
A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next command starts executing (overlapping command) is indicated as an Asynchronous
command.
Reset values (*RST)
Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument (*RST
command) are indicated as *RST values, if available.
Default unit
The default unit is used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with the
parameter.
Manual operation
If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation, a link
to the description is inserted.
9.2.2 Long and short form
The keywords have a long and a short form. You can use either the long or the short
form, but no other abbreviations of the keywords.
The short form is emphasized in uppercase letters. Note however, that this emphasis
only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual. For
the instrument, the case does not matter.
Example:
SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer is the same as SENS:FREQ:CENT.
9.2.3 Numeric suffixes
Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple
instances of an object. In that case, the suffix selects a particular instance (e.g. a measurement window).
Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets (<n>) next to the keyword.
If you do not quote a suffix for keywords that support one, a 1 is assumed.
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Example:
DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe enables the zoom in a particular measurement window, selected by the suffix at WINDow.
DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON refers to window 4.
9.2.4 Optional keywords
Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compliance. You can include them in the header or not.
If an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix, you have to
include the optional keyword. Otherwise, the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed
to be the value 1.
Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets.
Example:
Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer is the same as FREQuency:CENTer
With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:
DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe
DISPlay:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 (no suffix).
DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4.
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Introduction
9.2.5 Alternative keywords
A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword. You can use both keywords to the same effect.
Example:
[SENSe:]BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]
In the short form without optional keywords, BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect
as BWID 1MHZ.
9.2.6 SCPI parameters
Many commands feature one or more parameters.
If a command supports more than one parameter, they are separated by a comma.
Example:
LAYout:ADD:WINDow Spectrum,LEFT,MTABle
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Parameters can have different forms of values.
● Numeric values....................................................................................................... 91
● Boolean...................................................................................................................92
● Character data........................................................................................................ 92
● Character strings.....................................................................................................92
● Block data............................................................................................................... 92
9.2.6.1 Numeric values
Numeric values can be entered in any form, i.e. with sign, decimal point or exponent.
For physical quantities, you can also add the unit. If the unit is missing, the command
uses the basic unit.
Example:
With unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ
Without unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz.
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Introduction
Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down.
If the number you have entered is not supported (e.g. for discrete steps), the command
returns an error.
Instead of a number, you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special
cases.
●
MIN/MAX
Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported.
●
DEF
Defines the default value.
●
UP/DOWN
Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step. The step size depends on
the setting. Sometimes, you can customize the step size with a corresponding
command.
Querying numeric values
When you query numeric values, the system returns a number. For physical quantities,
it applies the basic unit (e.g. Hz for frequencies). The number of digits after the decimal
point depends on the type of numeric value.
Example:
Setting: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ
Query: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer? would return 1E9
Sometimes, numeric values are returned as text.
●
INF/NINF
Infinity or negative infinity. Represents the numeric values 9.9E37 or -9.9E37.
●
NAN
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9.2.6.2 Boolean
Boolean parameters represent two states. The "on" state (logically true) is represented
by "ON" or the numeric value 1. The "off" state (logically untrue) is represented by
"OFF" or the numeric value 0.
Querying Boolean parameters
When you query Boolean parameters, the system returns either the value 1 ("ON") or
the value 0 ("OFF").
Example:
Setting: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe ON
Query: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe? would return 1
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Introduction
Not a number. Represents the numeric value 9.91E37. NAN is returned if errors
occur.
9.2.6.3 Character data
Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords. You can enter text using a short
or a long form. For more information, see Chapter 9.2.2, "Long and short form",
on page 89.
Querying text parameters
When you query text parameters, the system returns its short form.
Example:
Setting: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE NORMal
Query: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE? would return NORM
9.2.6.4 Character strings
Strings are alphanumeric characters. They have to be in straight quotation marks. You
can use a single quotation mark ( ' ) or a double quotation mark ( " ).
Example:
INSTRument:DELete 'Spectrum'
9.2.6.5 Block data
Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data.
The ASCII character # introduces the data block. The next number indicates how many
of the following digits describe the length of the data block. The data bytes follow. During the transmission of these data bytes, all end or other control signs are ignored until
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all bytes are transmitted. #0 specifies a data block of indefinite length. The use of the
indefinite format requires an NL^END message to terminate the data block. This format
is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length.
9.3 Activating IEEE 802.11ad measurements
IEEE 802.11ad measurements require a special application on the R&S FSW
(R&S FSW-K91). The measurement is started immediately with the default settings.
These are basic R&S FSW commands, listed here for your convenience.
INSTrument:CREate:DUPLicate........................................................................................ 93
INSTrument:CREate[:NEW].............................................................................................. 93
INSTrument:CREate:REPLace..........................................................................................94
INSTrument:DELete......................................................................................................... 94
INSTrument:LIST?........................................................................................................... 94
INSTrument:REName.......................................................................................................96
INSTrument[:SELect]........................................................................................................96
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]................................................................................... 97
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Activating IEEE 802.11ad measurements
INSTrument:CREate:DUPLicate
This command duplicates the currently selected channel, i.e creates a new channel of
the same type and with the identical measurement settings. The name of the new
channel is the same as the copied channel, extended by a consecutive number (e.g.
"IQAnalyzer" -> "IQAnalyzer 2").
The channel to be duplicated must be selected first using the INST:SEL command.
Example:
INST:SEL 'IQAnalyzer'
INST:CRE:DUPL
Duplicates the channel named 'IQAnalyzer' and creates a new
channel named 'IQAnalyzer2'.
Usage: Event
INSTrument:CREate[:NEW] <ChannelType>, <ChannelName>
This command adds a measurement channel. You can configure up to 10 measurement channels at the same time (depending on available memory).
Parameters:
<ChannelType> Channel type of the new channel.
For a list of available channel types, see INSTrument:LIST?
on page 94.
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<ChannelName> String containing the name of the channel.
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Activating IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Note that you cannot assign an existing channel name to a new
channel. If you do, an error occurs.
Example:
INSTrument:CREate:REPLace <ChannelName1>,<ChannelType>,<ChannelName2>
This command replaces a channel with another one.
Setting parameters:
<ChannelName1> String containing the name of the channel you want to replace.
<ChannelType> Channel type of the new channel.
<ChannelName2> String containing the name of the new channel.
Example:
INST:CRE SAN, 'Spectrum 2'
Adds a spectrum display named "Spectrum 2".
For a list of available channel types, see INSTrument:LIST?
on page 94.
Note: If the specified name for a new channel already exists, the
default name, extended by a sequential number, is used for the
new channel (see INSTrument:LIST? on page 94).
Channel names can have a maximum of 31 characters, and
must be compatible with the Windows conventions for file
names. In particular, they must not contain special characters
such as ":", "*", "?".
INST:CRE:REPL 'IQAnalyzer2',IQ,'IQAnalyzer'
Replaces the channel named "IQAnalyzer2" by a new channel of
type "IQ Analyzer" named "IQAnalyzer".
Usage: Setting only
INSTrument:DELete <ChannelName>
This command deletes a channel.
If you delete the last channel, the default "Spectrum" channel is activated.
Setting parameters:
<ChannelName> String containing the name of the channel you want to delete.
A channel must exist to delete it.
Example:
Usage: Setting only
INSTrument:LIST?
This command queries all active channels. The query is useful to obtain the names of
the existing channels, which are required to replace or delete the channels.
INST:DEL 'IQAnalyzer4'
Deletes the channel with the name 'IQAnalyzer4'.
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Return values:
<ChannelType>,
<ChannelName>
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Activating IEEE 802.11ad measurements
For each channel, the command returns the channel type and
channel name (see tables below).
Tip: to change the channel name, use the INSTrument:
REName command.
Example:
INST:LIST?
Result for 3 channels:
'ADEM','Analog Demod','IQ','IQ
Analyzer','IQ','IQ Analyzer2'
Usage: Query only
Table 9-2: Available channel types and default channel names in Signal and Spectrum Analyzer mode
Application <ChannelType>
parameter
Spectrum SANALYZER Spectrum
1xEV-DO BTS (R&S FSW-K84) BDO 1xEV-DO BTS
1xEV-DO MS (R&S FSW-K85) MDO 1xEV-DO MS
3GPP FDD BTS (R&S FSW-K72) BWCD 3G FDD BTS
3GPP FDD UE (R&S FSW-K73) MWCD 3G FDD UE
802.11ad (R&S FSW-K95) WIGIG 802.11ad
802.11ay (R&S FSW-K97) EDMG 802.11ay EDMG
Amplifier Measurements (R&S FSW-K18) AMPLifier Amplifier
AM/FM/PM Modulation Analysis (R&S FSW-K7) ADEM Analog Demod
Avionics (R&S FSW-K15) AVIonics Avionics
Default Channel name*)
cdma2000 BTS (R&S FSW-K82) BC2K CDMA2000 BTS
cdma2000 MS (R&S FSW-K83) MC2K CDMA2000 MS
DOCSIS 3.1 (R&S FSW-K192/193) DOCSis DOCSIS 3.1
Fast Spur Search (R&S FSW-K50) SPUR Spurious
GSM (R&S FSW-K10) GSM GSM
HRP UWB (R&S FSW-K149) UWB HRP UWB
I/Q Analyzer IQ IQ Analyzer
LTE (R&S FSW-K10x) LTE LTE
Multi-Carrier "Group Delay" (R&S FSW-K17) MCGD MC "Group Delay"
NB-IoT (R&S FSW-K106) NIOT NB-IoT
Noise (R&S FSW-K30) NOISE Noise
5G NR (R&S FSW-K144) NR5G 5G NR
*) If the specified name for a new channel already exists, the default name, extended by a sequential number, is used for the new channel.
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Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Activating IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Application <ChannelType>
parameter
OFDM VSA (R&S FSW-K96) OFDMVSA OFDM VSA
OneWeb (R&S FSW-K201) OWEB OneWeb
Phase Noise (R&S FSW-K40) PNOISE Phase Noise
Pulse (R&S FSW-K6) PULSE Pulse
"Real-Time Spectrum" RTIM "Real-Time Spectrum"
TD-SCDMA BTS (R&S FSW-K76) BTDS TD-SCDMA BTS
TD-SCDMA UE (R&S FSW-K77) MTDS TD-SCDMA UE
Transient Analysis (R&S FSW-K60) TA Transient Analysis
Verizon 5GTF Measurement Application (V5GTF,
R&S FSW-K118)
VSA (R&S FSW-K70) DDEM VSA
WLAN (R&S FSW-K91) WLAN WLAN
*) If the specified name for a new channel already exists, the default name, extended by a sequential number, is used for the new channel.
V5GT V5GT
Default Channel name*)
INSTrument:REName <ChannelName1>, <ChannelName2>
This command renames a channel.
Setting parameters:
<ChannelName1> String containing the name of the channel you want to rename.
<ChannelName2> String containing the new channel name.
Note that you cannot assign an existing channel name to a new
channel. If you do, an error occurs.
Channel names can have a maximum of 31 characters, and
must be compatible with the Windows conventions for file
names. In particular, they must not contain special characters
such as ":", "*", "?".
Example:
INST:REN 'IQAnalyzer2','IQAnalyzer3'
Renames the channel with the name 'IQAnalyzer2' to 'IQAnalyzer3'.
Usage: Setting only
INSTrument[:SELect] <ChannelType> | <ChannelName>
This command activates a new measurement channel with the defined channel type,
or selects an existing measurement channel with the specified name.
See also INSTrument:CREate[:NEW] on page 93.
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For a list of available channel types see INSTrument:LIST? on page 94.
Parameters:
<ChannelType> Channel type of the new channel.
<ChannelName> String containing the name of the channel.
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Selecting a measurement
For a list of available channel types see INSTrument:LIST?
on page 94.
WIGIG
802.11ad option, R&S FSW–K95
EDMG
802.11ay option, R&S FSW–K97
Example:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]
This command restores the default instrument settings in the current channel.
Use INST:SEL to select the channel.
Example:
Usage: Event
Manual operation: See "Preset Channel" on page 45
INST WIGIG
Activates a measurement channel for the R&S FSW
802.11ad/ay applications.
INST '802.11ad'
Selects the measurement channel named '802.11ad' (for example before executing further commands for that channel).
INST:SEL 'Spectrum2'
Selects the channel for "Spectrum2".
SYST:PRES:CHAN:EXEC
Restores the factory default settings to the "Spectrum2" channel.
9.4 Selecting a measurement
The following commands are required to define the measurement type in a remote
environment. The selected measurement must be started explicitly (see Chapter 9.8,
"Starting a measurement", on page 179)!
For details on available measurements see Chapter 3, "Measurements and result dis-
plays", on page 12.
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The IEEE 802.11ad Modulation Accuracy measurement captures the I/Q data from the
IEEE 802.11ad signal using a (nearly rectangular) filter with a relatively large bandwidth. This measurement is selected when the IEEE 802.11ad measurement channel
is activated. The commands to select a different measurement or return to the IEEE
802.11ad Modulation Accuracy measurement are described here.
Note that the CONF:BURS:<ResultType>:IMM commands change the screen layout
to display the "Magnitude Capture" buffer in window 1 at the top of the screen and the
selected result type in window 2 below that. Any other active windows are closed.
Use the LAYout commands to change the display (see Chapter 9.7, "Configuring the
result display", on page 165).
● Selecting the IEEE 802.11ad modulation accuracy measurement......................... 98
● Selecting a common RF measurement for IEEE 802.11ad signals........................ 98
9.4.1 Selecting the IEEE 802.11ad modulation accuracy measurement
Any of the following commands can be used to return to the IEEE 802.11ad Modulation
Accuracy measurement. Each of these results is automatically determined when the
IEEE 802.11ad Modulation Accuracy measurement is performed.
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Selecting a measurement
9.4.2 Selecting a common RF measurement for IEEE 802.11ad signals
The following commands are required to select a common RF measurement for IEEE
802.11ad signals in a remote environment.
For details on available measurements see Chapter 3.2, "SEM measurements",
on page 28.
[SENSe:]SWEep:MODE................................................................................................... 98
[SENSe:]SWEep:MODE <Mode>
Selects the measurement to be performed.
Parameters:
<Mode> AUTO | ESPectrum
AUTO
Standard IEEE 802.11ad I/Q measurement
ESPectrum
Spectrum emission mask measurement
*RST: AUTO
Example:
SENS:SWE:MODE ESP
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9.5 Configuring the IEEE 802.11ad modulation accuracy measurement
The following commands are required to configure the IEEE 802.11ad Modulation
Accuracy measurement described in Chapter 3.1, "IEEE 802.11ad/ay modulation accu-
racy measurement", on page 12.
● Configuring the data input and output.....................................................................99
● Frontend configuration.......................................................................................... 140
● Data acquisition.....................................................................................................148
● Tracking................................................................................................................ 157
● Evaluation range................................................................................................... 158
● Automatic settings.................................................................................................161
9.5.1 Configuring the data input and output
● RF input...................................................................................................................99
● Input from I/Q data files.........................................................................................101
● Using external mixers............................................................................................104
● Remote commands for external frontend control.................................................. 118
● Configuring the 2 GHz / 5 GHz bandwidth extension (R&S FSW-B2000/B5000).133
● Configuring the outputs.........................................................................................138
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Configuring the IEEE 802.11ad modulation accuracy measurement
9.5.1.1 RF input
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet.........................................................................99
INPut<ip>:COUPling.......................................................................................................100
INPut<ip>:SELect...........................................................................................................100
INPut<ip>:TYPE............................................................................................................ 101
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet
This command resets the attenuator and reconnects the RF input with the input mixer
for the R&S FSW after an overload condition occurred and the protection mechanism
intervened. The error status bit (bit 3 in the STAT:QUES:POW status register) and the
INPUT OVLD message in the status bar are cleared.
The command works only if the overload condition has been eliminated first.
Suffix:
<ip>
Example:
.
1 | 2
For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors:
1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector)
2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector)
For all other models:
irrelevant
INP:ATT:PROT:RES
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INPut<ip>:COUPling <CouplingType>
This command selects the coupling type of the RF input.
If an external frontend is active, the coupling is automatically set to AC.
Remote commands for IEEE 802.11ad measurements
Configuring the IEEE 802.11ad modulation accuracy measurement
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<CouplingType> AC | DC
Example:
Manual operation: See "Input Coupling" on page 47
INPut<ip>:SELect <Source>
This command selects the signal source for measurements, i.e. it defines which connector is used to input data to the R&S FSW.
For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors, you must select the input connector to configure first using INPut<ip>:TYPE.
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
AC
AC coupling
DC
DC coupling
*RST: AC
INP:COUP DC
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<Source> RF
Example:
.
1 | 2
For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors:
1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector)
2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector)
For all other models:
irrelevant
Radio Frequency ("RF INPUT" connector)
FIQ
I/Q data file
(selected by INPut<ip>:FILE:PATH on page 101)
Not available for Input2.
*RST: RF
INP:TYPE INP1
For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: selects
the 1.00 mm RF input connector for configuration.
INP:SEL RF
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