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R&S®FSW-K76/K77
TD-SCDMA Measurements Options
User Manual
(;×ëL2)
1173932802
Version 24
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This manual applies to the following R&S®FSW models with firmware version 3.20 and higher:
●
R&S®FSW8 (1312.8000K08)
●
R&S®FSW13 (1312.8000K13)
●
R&S®FSW26 (1312.8000K26)
●
R&S®FSW43 (1312.8000K43)
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R&S®FSW50 (1312.8000K50)
●
R&S®FSW67 (1312.8000K67)
●
R&S®FSW85 (1312.8000K85)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FSW-K76 (1313.1445.02)
●
R&S FSW-K77 (1313.1451.02)
The software contained in this product uses several valuable open source software packages. For information, see the "Open
Source Acknowledgment" on the user documentation CD-ROM (included in delivery).
Rohde & Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing.
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1173.9328.02 | Version 24 | R&S®FSW-K76/K77
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g. R&S®FSW is indicated as
R&S FSW. "R&S FSW-K76 and R&S FSW-K77" are indicated as R&S FSW-K76/-K77.
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Contents
1 Documentation overview.......................................................................5
1.1 Getting started manual................................................................................................. 5
1.2 User manuals and help.................................................................................................5
1.3 Service manual..............................................................................................................5
1.4 Instrument security procedures.................................................................................. 6
1.5 Printed safety instructions...........................................................................................6
1.6 Data sheets and brochures.......................................................................................... 6
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).........................................6
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc........................................... 6
2 Welcome to the TD-SCDMA applications............................................ 7
Contents
2.1 Starting the TD-SCDMA application............................................................................ 7
2.2 Understanding the display information...................................................................... 8
3 Measurements and result display.......................................................11
3.1 Code domain analysis................................................................................................ 11
3.2 Frequency and time domain measurements............................................................ 27
4 Measurement basics............................................................................37
4.1 Short introduction to TD-SCDMA.............................................................................. 37
4.2 Frames, subframes and slots.................................................................................... 37
4.3 Channels and codes................................................................................................... 39
4.4 Data fields and midambles.........................................................................................42
4.5 CDA measurements in MSRA operating mode........................................................ 43
5 I/Q data import and export.................................................................. 45
6 Configuration........................................................................................46
6.1 Result display configuration......................................................................................46
6.2 Code domain analysis................................................................................................ 47
6.3 Frequency and time domain measurements............................................................ 85
7 Analysis................................................................................................ 95
7.1 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 95
7.2 Code domain analysis settings................................................................................. 97
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7.3 Traces...........................................................................................................................98
7.4 Markers........................................................................................................................ 99
8 Optimizing and troubleshooting the measurement........................ 105
8.1 Error messages......................................................................................................... 105
9 How to perform measurements in TD-SCDMA applications..........106
10 Remote commands for TD-SCDMA measurements........................ 111
10.1 Introduction................................................................................................................111
10.2 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 116
10.3 Activating the TD-SCDMA applications.................................................................. 116
10.4 Selecting a measurement.........................................................................................121
10.5 Configuring code domain analysis......................................................................... 122
10.6 Configuring frequency and time domain measurements......................................174
Contents
10.7 Configuring the result display................................................................................. 176
10.8 Starting a measurement........................................................................................... 185
10.9 Retrieving results......................................................................................................189
10.10 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 203
10.11 Importing and exporting I/Q data and results........................................................ 212
10.12 Configuring the secondary application data range (MSRA mode only).............. 214
10.13 Status registers......................................................................................................... 216
10.14 Deprecated commands.............................................................................................219
10.15 Programming examples (TD-SCDMA BTS).............................................................220
List of commands (TD-SCDMA)........................................................231
Index....................................................................................................236
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1 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSW user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSW product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSW
1.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S FSW and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
Documentation overview
Service manual
1.2 User manuals and help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSW is not
included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSW. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
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https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
1.4 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSW in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.
1.5 Printed safety instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
1.6 Data sheets and brochures
Documentation overview
Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSW. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSW
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSW
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSW
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2 Welcome to the TD-SCDMA applications
The TD-SCDMA applications add functionality to the R&S FSW to perform code
domain analysis or power measurements according to the TD-SCDMA standard.
R&S FSW-K76 performs Base Transceiver Station (BTS) measurements (for downlink
signals).
R&S FSW-K77 performs User Equipment (UE) measurements (for uplink signals).
In particular, the TD-SCDMA applications feature:
●
●
●
●
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
Welcome to the TD-SCDMA applications
Starting the TD-SCDMA application
Code domain analysis, providing results like code domain power, EVM, peak code
domain error etc.
Various power measurements
"Spectrum Emission Mask" measurements
Statistical ("CCDF") evaluation
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum application and are described in the R&S FSW User Manual. The latest version is available
for download at the product homepage (http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/
FSW.html).
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the R&S FSW Getting Started manual
or in the Release Notes.
2.1 Starting the TD-SCDMA application
The TD-SCDMA measurements require a special application on the R&S FSW.
To activate the TD-SCDMA applications
1. Select the [MODE] key.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FSW.
2. Select the "TD-SCDMA BTS" or "TD-SCDMA UE" item.
The R&S FSW opens a new measurement channel for the TD-SCDMA application.
A Code Domain Analysis measurement is started immediately with the default settings.
It can be configured in the TD-SCDMA "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when
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you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu (see Chapter 6.2.1, "Configuration
overview", on page 48).
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
are updated in the tabs (including the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FSW User Manual.
Welcome to the TD-SCDMA applications
Understanding the display information
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
2.2 Understanding the display information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during a TD-SCDMA BTS measurement. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail
in the following sections.
(The basic screen elements are identical for TD-SCDMA UE measurements.)
1
2
3
4
5
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1 = Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
2 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
3 = Diagram area
4 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information
5 = Instrument status bar with error messages, progress bar and date/time display
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, additional tabs and elements are available. A colored background of the screen behind the measurement channel tabs indicates that you are in
MSRA operating mode.
For details on the MSRA operating mode see the R&S FSW MSRA User Manual.
Channel bar information
In TD-SCDMA applications, when performing Code Domain Analysis, the R&S FSW
screen display deviates from the Spectrum application. For Frequency and time
domain measurements, the familiar settings are displayed (see the R&S FSW Getting
Started manual).
Welcome to the TD-SCDMA applications
Understanding the display information
Table 2-1: Hardware settings displayed in the channel bar in TD-SCDMA applications for Code
Ref Level Reference level
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
Channel Channel number (code number and spreading factor)
Slot Slot of the (CPICH) channel
Code Power Power result mode:
Symbol Rate Symbol rate of the current channel
Domain Analysis
●
Absolute
●
Relative to total power of the data parts of the signal
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
4
1 2
3
5
Figure 2-1: Window title bar information in TD-SCDMA applications
1 = Window number
2 = Window type
3 = Trace color
4 = Trace number
5 = Detector
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Diagram footer information
For most graphical evaluations the diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains scaling information for the x-axis, where applicable:
●
●
●
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
Welcome to the TD-SCDMA applications
Understanding the display information
Start slot/symbol/code
slot/symbol/code per division
Stop slot/symbol/code
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3 Measurements and result display
The TD-SCDMA applications provide several different measurements for signals
according to the TD-SCDMA standard. The main and default measurement is Code
Domain Analysis. In addition to the code domain power measurements specified by the
TD-SCDMA standard, the TD-SCDMA applications offer measurements with predefined settings in the frequency and time domain, e.g. channel power or power vs time
measurements.
Evaluation methods
The captured and processed data for each measurement can be evaluated with various different methods. All evaluation methods available for the selected TD-SCDMA
measurement are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode.
Evaluation range
You can restrict evaluation to a specific channel, frame or slot, depending on the evaluation method. See Chapter 7.1, "Evaluation range", on page 95.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
● Code domain analysis.............................................................................................11
● Frequency and time domain measurements...........................................................27
3.1 Code domain analysis
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Code Domain Analyzer"
The Code Domain Analysis measurement provides various evaluation methods and
result diagrams.
A signal section containing at least two TD-SCDMA subframes is recorded for analysis
and then searched through to find the start of the first subframe. If a subframe start is
found in the signal, the code domain power analysis is performed for the selected slot.
The different evaluations are calculated from the captured I/Q data set. Therefore it is
not necessary to start a new measurement to change the evaluation.
The TD-SCDMA applications provide the peak code domain error measurement and
composite EVM specified by the TD-SCDMA standard, as well as the code domain
power measurement of assigned and unassigned codes. The power can be displayed
either for all channels in one slot, or for one channel in all slots. The composite constellation diagram of the entire signal can also be displayed. In addition, the symbols
demodulated in a slot, their power, and the determined bits or the symbol EVM can be
displayed for an active channel.
The power of a channel is always measured in relation to its symbol rate within the
code domain. It can be displayed either as absolute values or relative to the total signal
(data parts only). By default, the power relative to the total signal is displayed.
The composite EVM, peak code domain error and composite constellation measurements are also always referenced to the total signal.
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Remote command:
CONF:CDP[:BTS]:MEAS CDP, see CONFigure:CDPower:MEASurement
on page 121
● Code domain parameters........................................................................................12
● Evaluation methods for code domain analysis........................................................14
● CDA measurements in MSRA operating mode.......................................................27
3.1.1 Code domain parameters
Two different types of measurement results are determined and displayed in the
"Result Summary": global results and channel results (for the selected channel).
The number of the slot and channel (code) at which the measurement is performed is
indicated globally for the measurement in the channel bar.
The spreading code of the selected channel is indicated with the channel number in
the channel bar and above the channel-specific results in the "Result Summary".
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
In the "Channel Table", the analysis results for all (active) channels are displayed individually.
Table 3-1: General and slot-specific code domain power results in the Result Summary
Parameter Description
Chip Rate Error The chip rate error in ppm. A large chip rate error results in symbol errors and, there-
fore, in possible synchronization errors for code domain measurements. This measurement result is also valid if the application could not synchronize to the TDSCDMA signal.
Trigger to Frame The time difference between the beginning of the recorded signal section to the start
of the first slot.
For triggered measurements, this difference is identical with the time difference of
frame trigger (+ trigger offset) and the start of the first slot. If synchronization of the
analyzer and input signal fails, the value of "Trigger to Frame" is not significant.
For non-triggered measurements, no result is available.
P Data Average power of the slot's data parts (total and for each data part)
P Midamble Power of the slot's midamble
Carrier Freq Error The frequency error relative to the center frequency of the analyzer. The absolute fre-
quency error is the sum of the analyzer and DUT frequency error. The specified value
is averaged for one slot (see also "Synchronization fails" on page 105)
IQ Offset DC offset of the signal in the selected slot in %
IQ Imbalance I/Q imbalance of signals in the selected slot in %
Active Channels The number of active channels detected in the signal in the selected slot. Both the
detected data channels and the control channels are considered active channels.
RHO Quality parameter RHO for each slot.
According to the TD-SCDMA standard, Rho is the normalized, correlated power
between the measured and the ideally generated reference signal.
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Parameter Description
Average RCDE Average Relative Code Domain Error over all channels. The Average RCDE is calcu-
"Composite EVM" The error vector magnitude (EVM) over the total signal in the selected slot. The EVM
Pk CDE (15 ksps) The "Peak Code Domain Error" on page 21). The symbol rate, from which the
DwPTS/UpPTS parameters
Optionally, the following parameters determined for the "Downlink Pilot Time Slot"
(DwPTS) or the "Uplink Pilot Time Slot" (UpPTS, see also Chapter 4.2, "Frames, sub-
frames and slots", on page 37) can be displayed in the "Result Summary".
●
●
●
●
●
●
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
lated according to release 8 of the standard.
is the root of the ratio of the mean error power to the power of an ideally generated
reference signal.
See also "Composite EVM" on page 19
spreading factor can be determined, is indicated in brackets."Peak Code Domain
Error" projects the difference between the measured signal and the ideal reference
signal onto the spreading factor in the selected slot (see
"Subframe Number": Subframe the slot belongs to
"DwPTS/UpPTS Active": Indicates whether DwPTS/UpPTS slot is active
"DwPTS/UpPTS Power": Power in the DwPTS/UpPTS slot
"DwPTS/UpPTS Rho": RHO for the DwPTS/UpPTS slot
"DwPTS/UpPTS EVM(RMS)": EVM (RMS) for the DwPTS/UpPTS slot
"DwPTS/UpPTS EVM(Peak)": EVM (Peak) for the DwPTS/UpPTS slot
The channel-specific results are displayed in the Result Summary, the Channel Table,
or both.
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Table 3-2: Channel-specific code domain power results
Parameter Description
Channel Type Detected type of channel (see Table 4-4)
Ch.SF Channel number including the spreading factor (in the form <Channel>.<SF>).
SymRate[ksps] Symbol rate at which the data in the channel is transmitted (in ksps)
"Symbol EVM" RMS and peak EVM values per symbol (see "Symbol EVM" on page 25)
Mod Modulation type (QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM or 64QAM)
Power [dBm] Channel power, absolute
Power [dB] Channel power, relative to total power of the data parts of the signal
MA.shift Midamble shift
ΔMid1/2 The power offset between the midamble and the sum power of its channels in data
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
For channels, this is the shift of the associated midamble if a common or default midamble assignment is detected (see Chapter 4.4, "Data fields and midambles",
on page 42)
part 1 or 2, respectively.
The TD-SCDMA specifications require that the midamble and its channels must have
the same power. These parameters show if a common or default midamble assignment is detected (see Chapter 4.4, "Data fields and midambles", on page 42).
3.1.2 Evaluation methods for code domain analysis
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
The captured I/Q data can be evaluated using various different methods without having
to start a new measurement. All evaluation methods available for the selected TDSCDMA measurement are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode.
The selected evaluation also affects the results of the trace data query (see Chap-
ter 10.9.3, "Measurement results for TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n>", on page 194).
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................15
Channel Table............................................................................................................... 15
└ Channel Table Configuration...........................................................................16
Code Domain Power.....................................................................................................16
Code Domain Error Power............................................................................................17
Composite Constellation............................................................................................... 18
Composite EVM............................................................................................................ 19
Magnitude Error vs Chip............................................................................................... 20
Marker Table................................................................................................................. 21
Peak Code Domain Error..............................................................................................21
Phase Error vs Chip......................................................................................................22
Power vs Slot................................................................................................................ 23
Power vs Symbol.......................................................................................................... 24
Result Summary............................................................................................................24
Symbol Constellation.................................................................................................... 25
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Symbol EVM................................................................................................................. 25
Symbol Magnitude Error............................................................................................... 26
Symbol Phase Error......................................................................................................27
Bitstream
The "Bitstream" evaluation displays the demodulated bits of a selected channel for a
given slot.
Figure 3-1: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsBitstream display for
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Depending on the spreading factor (symbol rate) of the channel, a slot can contain a
minimum of 44 and a maximum of 704 symbols. Depending on the modulation type, a
symbol consists of 2 to 6 bits (see Table 4-8).
TIP: Select a specific symbol using the MKR key while the display is focused. If you
enter a number, the marker jumps to the selected symbol, which is highlighted by a
blue circle.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, BITS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Channel Table
The "Channel Table" evaluation displays the detected channels and the results of the
code domain power measurement. The measurement evaluates the total signal over
the selected slot. The "Channel Table" can contain a maximum of 16 entries, which
corresponds to the 16 codes that can be assigned for a spreading factor of 16.
The sort order of the table is configurable (see "Channel Table Sort Order"
on page 97). It can be sorted:
●
By code number, starting with midambles, then control channels, then data channels
By midamble, where all channels are listed below the midamble they belong to
Figure 3-2: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsChannel Table display for
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By default, only active channels are included in the display; to include inactive channels, see "Channel Table Configuration" on page 16. Inactive channels are marked
with dashes in the "Channel Type", "SymRate" and "Modulation" columns.
For details on the displayed results, see Table 3-2.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CTABle, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Channel Table Configuration ← Channel Table
You can configure which parameters are displayed in the "Table Configuration" dialog
box is displayed in which you can select the columns to be displayed. "Channel Table"
by selecting the table header. A
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
By default, only active channels are displayed. To display all channels, including the
inactive ones, enable the "Show Inactive Channels" option.
For details on the displayed results , see Table 3-2.
Code Domain Power
The Chapter 4.3, "Channels and codes", on page 39). Thus, it is important that all
codes have a similar power level (no more than 1.5 dB difference to the average power
in the slot). Thus, the scaling of the code domain power is relative to the average
power of the data parts in the specified slot in the total signal by default. The x-axis
shows the possible codes from 0 to the highest spreading factor. Due to the circumstance that the power is regulated from slot to slot, the result power can differ between
different slots. "Code Domain Power" evaluation shows the power of all possible codes
in the selected slot in the total signal. Channel detection is based on a power threshold
(see
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Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
The codes are displayed using the following colors:
●
Yellow: detected channels
●
Red: selected channel (if a channel is made up of more than one code, all codes
that belong to the channel are red)
●
Green: no channel detected
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? CDP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer:FUNCtion:
CDPower:RESult? on page 189
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Code Domain Error Power
The "Code Domain Error Power" is the difference in power between the measured and
an ideally generated reference signal. The number of codes corresponds to the
spreading factor. The y-axis shows the error power for each code. Since it is an error
power (as opposed to the measured power), both active and inactive channels can be
analyzed at a glance.
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Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Figure 3-3: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsCode Domain Error Power Display for
The codes are displayed using the following colors:
●
Yellow: detected channels
●
Red: selected channel (if a channel is made up of more than one code, all codes
that belong to the channel are red)
●
Green: no channel detected
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDEPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Composite Constellation
In the "Composite Constellation" result display, the constellation points of the 864 chips
are displayed for the specified slot. This data is determined inside the DSP even before
the channel search. Thus, it is not possible to assign constellation points to channels.
The constellation points are displayed normalized with respect to the total power.
Note: The red circle indicates the value "1"
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Figure 3-4: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsComposite Constellation display for
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CCONst, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Composite EVM
The "Composite EVM" evaluation determines the error vector magnitude (EVM) over
the total signal. The EVM is the root of the ratio of the mean error power to the power
of an ideally generated reference signal. To calculate the mean error power, the root
mean square average of the real and imaginary parts of the signal is used. The EVM is
shown in %. This evaluation is useful to determine the modulation accuracy.
Figure 3-5: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsComposite EVM display for
The result display shows the composite EVM values per slot.
The slots are displayed according to the detected channels using the following colors:
●
Yellow: active channel
●
Red: selected channel (if a channel is made up of more than one code, all codes
that belong to the channel are red)
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●
Only the channels detected as being active are used to generate the ideal reference
signal. Due to low power, for example, a channel may not be detected as being active.
In this case, the difference between the test signal and the reference signal - and
therefore the composite EVM - is very large.
Distortions also occur if unassigned codes are wrongly given the status of "active channel". To obtain reliable measurement results, select an adequate channel threshold.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CEVM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Magnitude Error vs Chip
The Magnitude Error versus chip display shows the magnitude error for all chips of the
selected slot.
The magnitude error is calculated as the difference of the magnitude of the received
signal to the magnitude of the reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from
the channel configuration of all active channels. The magnitude error is related to the
square root of the mean power of reference signal and given in percent.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
None: no active channels
Where:
MAG
k
s
k
x
k
k Index number of the evaluated chip
N Number of chips at each CPICH slot
n Index number for mean power calculation of reference signal
Figure 3-6: Magnitude Error vs Chip display for TD-SCDMA BTS measurements
Magnitude error of chip number k
Complex chip value of received signal
Complex chip value of reference signal
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MECHip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.
(See "Marker Table Display" on page 102).
Tip: To navigate within long marker tables, simply scroll through the entries with your
finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 205
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 202
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Peak Code Domain Error
The "Peak Code Domain Error" is defined as the maximum value for the Code Domain
Error for all codes.
In line with the TD-SCDMA specifications, the error is calculated:
●
Between the measurement signal and the ideal reference signal
●
For a given slot
●
For each active code
●
For any of the supported spreading codes
For inactive slots (containing no active channels), no results are available as no reference power is available.
Figure 3-7: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsPeak Code Domain Error display for
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The result display shows the peak error values per slot.
The slots are displayed according to the detected channels using the following colors:
●
●
●
Only the channels detected as being active are used to generate the ideal reference
signal. If a channel is not detected as being active, e.g. due to low power, the difference between the test signal and the reference signal is too large. The result display
therefore shows a peak code domain error that is too high for all slots.
Distortions also occur if unassigned codes are wrongly given the status of "active channel". To obtain reliable measurement results, select an adequate channel threshold.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PCDerror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Phase Error vs Chip
"Phase Error vs Chip" activates the phase error versus chip display. The phase error is
displayed for all chips of the selected slot.
The phase error is calculated by the difference of the phase of received signal and
phase of reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from the channel configuration of all active channels. The phase error is given in degrees in a range of +180° to
-180°.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Yellow: active channel
Red: selected channel (if a channel is made up of more than one code, all codes
that belong to the channel are red)
None: no active channels
Figure 3-8: Calculating the magnitude, phase and vector error per chip
Where:
PHI
s
k
k
Phase error of chip number k
Complex chip value of received signal
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Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
x
k
k Index number of the evaluated chip
N Number of chips at each CPICH slot
φ(x) Phase calculation of a complex value
Complex chip value of reference signal
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PECHip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Power vs Slot
The "Power vs Slot" evaluation displays the power of the selected channel for each
slot. The power is displayed either absolute or relative to the total power of the data
parts of the signal. The measurement evaluates a single channel over all slots.
Figure 3-9: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsPower vs Slot Display for
The slots are displayed according to the detected channels using the following colors:
●
Yellow: active channel
●
Green: channel with alias power (power results from channels with a different code
class)
●
Cyan: inactive channel
●
Red: selected channel (if a channel is made up of more than one code, all codes
that belong to the channel are red)
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PSLot, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Power vs Symbol
The "Power vs Symbol" evaluation shows the power measured for each symbol in the
selected channel and the selected slot. The power is not averaged here.
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Figure 3-10: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsPower vs Symbol display for
Depending on the spreading factor (symbol rate) of the channel, a slot can contain a
minimum of 44 and a maximum of 704 symbols (see Table 4-8).
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PSYMbol, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Result Summary
The Chapter 3.1.1, "Code domain parameters", on page 12."Result Summary" evaluation displays a list of measurement results on the screen. For details , see
Figure 3-11: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsResult Summary display for
Note: DwPTS and UpPTS parameters.
Optionally, the parameters determined for the "Downlink Pilot Time Slot" (DwPTS) or
"Uplink Pilot Time Slot" (UpPTS, see also Chapter 4.2, "Frames, subframes and slots",
on page 37) can be displayed in the "Result Summary" (see "Show DwPTS Results
(BTS mode)" on page 98).
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, RSUMmary, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
CALCulate<n>:MARKer:FUNCtion:CDPower:RESult? on page 189
Symbol Constellation
The "Symbol Constellation" evaluation shows all modulated symbols of the selected
channel and the selected slot.
Note: The red circle indicates the value "1"
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Figure 3-12: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsSymbol Constellation display for
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SCONst, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Symbol EVM
The Table 4-8)."Symbol EVM" evaluation shows the error between the measured sig-
nal and the ideal reference signal in percent for the selected channel and the selected
slot. A trace over all symbols of a slot is drawn. The number of symbols depends on
the symbol rate (or spreading factor) of the channel (see
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Figure 3-13: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsSymbol EVM display for
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SEVM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
Measurements and result display
Code domain analysis
Symbol Magnitude Error
The "Symbol Magnitude Error" is calculated analogous to symbol EVM. The result is
one symbol magnitude error value for each symbol of the slot of a special channel.
Positive values of symbol magnitude error indicate a symbol magnitude that is larger
than the expected ideal value. Negative symbol magnitude errors indicate a symbol
magnitude that is less than the expected ideal value. The symbol magnitude error is
the difference between the magnitude of the received symbol and that of the reference
symbol, related to the magnitude of the reference symbol.
Figure 3-14: Symbol Magnitude Error display for TD-SCDMA BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SMERror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
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Symbol Phase Error
The "Symbol Phase Error" is calculated analogous to symbol EVM. The result is one
symbol phase error value for each symbol of the slot of a special channel. Positive values of symbol phase error indicate a symbol phase that is larger than the expected
ideal value. Negative symbol phase errors indicate a symbol phase that is less than the
expected ideal value.
Figure 3-15: Symbol Phase Error display for TD-SCDMA BTS measurements
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SPERror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
3.1.3 CDA measurements in MSRA operating mode
The TD-SCDMA BTS application can also be used to analyze data in MSRA operating
mode.
In MSRA operating mode, only the MSRA primary actually captures data; the MSRA
applications receive an extract of the captured data for analysis, referred to as the
application data. The application data range is indicated in the MSRA primary by vertical blue lines.
However, the individual result displays of the application need not analyze the complete data range. The data range that is actually analyzed by the individual result display is referred to as the analysis interval.
In the TD-SCDMA BTS application, the analysis interval is automatically determined. It
depends on the selected channel/ slot/ frame to analyze, which is defined for the evaluation range, and on the result display. The currently used analysis interval (in seconds,
related to capture buffer start) is indicated in the window header for each result display.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FSW MSRA User Manual.
3.2 Frequency and time domain measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
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In addition to the Code Domain Analysis measurements, the TD-SCDMA applications
also provide some frequency and time domain measurements as defined in the TDSCDMA standard. Frequency and time domain measurements are identical to the corresponding measurements in the base unit, but configured according to the requirements of the TD-SCDMA standard.
For details on these measurements, see the R&S FSW User Manual.
MSRA operating mode
Frequency and time domain measurements are not available in MSRA operating
mode.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FSW MSRA User Manual.
3.2.1 Measurement types and results in the frequency and time domain
Access: "Overview" > Select Measurement
The TD-SCDMA applications provide the following frequency and time domain measurements:
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
Power vs Time...............................................................................................................28
Power............................................................................................................................30
Channel Power ACLR...................................................................................................31
Spectrum Emission Mask..............................................................................................31
Occupied Bandwidth..................................................................................................... 32
CCDF............................................................................................................................ 33
Power vs Time
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Power vs Time"
The TD-SCDMA specification ("transmit ON/OFF power time mask"). This measurement is meant to ensure that each burst remains within a tight power range, i.e. rises
and falls very quickly."Power vs Time" measurement checks the signal power in the
time domain against a transmission power mask defined by the
For downlink measurements, the power in the slots reserved for the uplink transmission must quickly fall to the low value. It must then quickly rise to high again in the slots
for downlink transmission. Thus, the slots of interest in downlink "Power vs Time" measurements are slot 1 to the slot indicated by the Switching Point, in which the OFF
power is checked.
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Figure 3-16: TD-SCDMA BTS applicationPower vs Time diagram for
In the TD-SCDMA UE application, it is assumed that only one uplink device is
checked during one measurement. Furthermore, it is assumed that each uplink device
uses only a single slot for transmission. Thus, for uplink measurements, only one slot
is checked against the transmit mask. Since the TD-SCDMA UE application has no
information which slot is being used, it assumes the first slot in which a burst is detected to be slot 1, the first slot for uplink transmission. In this slot, the power must quickly
rise to the high value, and quickly fall back to low at the end. Thus, the slot of interest
in uplink "Power vs Time" measurements is slot 1, which cannot be changed, and in
which the ON power is checked.
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
Figure 3-17: TD-SCDMA UE applicationPower vs Time diagram for
To perform the power check, the TD-SCDMA application must synchronize the transmit
mask to the current signal, as the mask is defined relative to a slot start.
The application measures the power in the defined number of subframes in the time
domain and calculates the average power in the slots of interest. It then compares the
averaged power of the signal against the mask for allowed transmission power.
The mask consists of four defined intervals:
●
Before the burst
●
During fall time
●
During the low time
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●
Note: For UE measurements, the ON power is checked, thus the mask is defined for
the following intervals:
●
●
●
●
As a result, the power vs time trace is displayed. The result of the limit check (Pass/
Fail) is also indicated in the diagram.
The numeric results are provided in the List Evaluation result display (see "List Evalua-
tion" on page 35).
For details, see Chapter 6.3.1, "Power vs time", on page 85.
Remote command:
CONF:CDP[:BTS]:MEAS PVT, see CONFigure:CDPower:MEASurement
on page 121
Querying results:
TRAC:DATA? TRACE1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 192
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:FAIL? on page 199
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:PVTime:LIST:RESult? on page 191
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
During the rise time
Before the burst
During the rise time
During the high time
During fall time
Power
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Power"
The Power measurement determines the TD-SCDMA signal channel power. The
R&S FSW measures the signal power in a single channel with a bandwidth of
1.2288 MHz. The results are based on the root mean square.
Figure 3-18: Signal channel power measurement in TD-SCDMA BTS application
For details, see Chapter 6.3.2, "Signal channel power measurements", on page 89.
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Remote command:
CONF:CDP[:BTS]:MEAS POW, see CONFigure:CDPower:MEASurement
on page 121
Querying results: CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? CPOW, see CALCulate<n>:
MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 200
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 200
Channel Power ACLR
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Channel Power ACLR"
"Channel Power ACLR" performs an adjacent channel power measurement in the
default setting according to TD-SCDMA specifications (adjacent channel leakage
ratio).
The measurement range can be adapted to a slot range of the current TD-SCDMA signal.
The R&S FSW measures the channel power and the relative power of the adjacent
channels and of the alternate channels. The results are displayed below the diagram.
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
Figure 3-19: ACLR measurement in TD-SCDMA BTS application
For details, see Chapter 6.3.3, "Channel power (ACLR) measurements", on page 89.
Remote command:
CONF:CDP[:BTS]:MEAS ACLR, see CONFigure:CDPower:MEASurement
on page 121
Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 200
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 200
Spectrum Emission Mask
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Spectrum Emission Mask"
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The "Spectrum Emission Mask" measurement determines the power of the TDSCDMA signal in defined offsets from the carrier and compares the power values with
a spectral mask specified by TD-SCDMA.
For details, see Chapter 6.3.4, "Spectrum emission mask", on page 91.
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
Figure 3-20: SEM measurement results for TD-SCDMA BTS measurement
Remote command:
CONF:CDP[:BTS]:MEAS ESP, see CONFigure:CDPower:MEASurement
on page 121
Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? CPOW, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 200
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 200
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:FAIL? on page 199
Occupied Bandwidth
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "OBW"
The "Occupied Bandwidth" measurement determines the bandwidth that the signal
occupies.
The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth in which – in default settings 99 % of the total signal power is found. The percentage of the signal power to be included in the bandwidth measurement can be changed.
The occupied bandwidth (Occ BW) and the frequency markers are displayed in the
marker table.
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Figure 3-21: Occupied bandwidth measurement in TD-SCDMA BTS application
For details, see Chapter 6.3.5, "Occupied bandwidth", on page 92.
Remote command:
CONF:CDP[:BTS]:MEAS OBAN, see CONFigure:CDPower:MEASurement
on page 121
Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? OBW, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 200
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 200
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
CCDF
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "CCDF"
The "CCDF" measurement determines the distribution of the signal amplitudes (complementary cumulative distribution function). The "CCDF" and the Crest factor are displayed. For the purposes of this measurement, a signal section of user-definable
length is recorded continuously in the zero span, and the distribution of the signal
amplitudes is evaluated.
For details, see Chapter 6.3.6, "CCDF", on page 93.
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Figure 3-22: TD-SCDMA BTS measurementsCCDF measurement results for
Remote command:
CONF:CDP[:BTS]:MEAS CCDF, see CONFigure:CDPower:MEASurement
on page 121
Querying results:
CALCulate<n>:STATistics:RESult<res>? on page 202
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
3.2.2 Evaluation methods for frequency and time measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
The evaluation methods for frequency and time domain measurements are identical to
those in the Spectrum application.
Diagram.........................................................................................................................34
List Evaluation...............................................................................................................35
Result Summary............................................................................................................35
Marker Table................................................................................................................. 36
Marker Peak List........................................................................................................... 36
Diagram
Displays a basic level vs. frequency or level vs. time diagram of the measured data to
evaluate the results graphically. This is the default evaluation method. Which data is
displayed in the diagram depends on the "Trace" settings. Scaling for the y-axis can be
configured.
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, DIAG, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
Results:
List Evaluation
The list evaluation provides the numerical results for the Power vs Time measurement.
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
The List Evaluation displays the following information:
Column Description
Start / Stop Start and stop time of the individual time intervals of the Emission
Envelope Mask (in ns)
Avg Average power measured in mask interval
Max Maximum power measured in mask interval
Time @ MaxPower The exact point in time when the maximum power occurred
For details, see Chapter 6.3.1, "Power vs time", on page 85.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, LEV, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
Result Summary
Result summaries provide the results of specific measurement functions in a table for
numerical evaluation. The contents of the result summary vary depending on the
selected measurement function. See the description of the individual measurement
functions for details.
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Tip: To navigate within long result summary tables, simply scroll through the entries
with your finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, RSUM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.
(See "Marker Table Display" on page 102).
Tip: To navigate within long marker tables, simply scroll through the entries with your
finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 205
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 202
Measurements and result display
Frequency and time domain measurements
Marker Peak List
The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum or
time domain. How many peaks are displayed can be defined, as well as the sort order.
In addition, the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram. The peak list can also
be exported to a file for analysis in an external application.
Tip: To navigate within long marker peak lists, simply scroll through the entries with
your finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PEAK, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 178
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 205
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 202
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4 Measurement basics
Some background knowledge on basic terms and principles used in TD-SCDMA measurements is provided here for a better understanding of the required configuration settings.
4.1 Short introduction to TD-SCDMA
Many communication standards, such as WCDMA or cdma2000, distribute the data
from different users to different frequencies within a specific band (FDD mode). As
opposed to these standards, TD-SCDMA distributes the data in time (TDD mode). Furthermore, the mentioned FDD-based standards require two distinct frequency bands
for uplink (to the base station) and downlink (from the base station) communication.
Whereas TD-SCDMA can adjust the number of time slots (and thus the data rate) used
for downlink or uplink dynamically, according to the current traffic requirements. The
available time slots can be distributed flexibly either to several users, or to a single
user requiring a higher data rate. This is a benefit especially when transmitting Internet
data, as usually more data is downloaded than uploaded.
Measurement basics
Frames, subframes and slots
Distributing the data in time also means the TD-SCDMA standard can use the same
carrier frequency for both uplink and downlink.
4.2 Frames, subframes and slots
The structure of a typical TD-SCDMA signal is shown in Figure 4-1.
A TD-SCDMA signal is divided into frames with a length of 10 ms each. The frames
are further divided into two subframes, with a length of 5 ms each. For the physical
communication layer, mostly the subframes are of interest.
Each subframe consists of seven slots, named TS0 to TS6. Furthermore, a "Downlink
Pilot Time Slot" (DwPTS) and an "Uplink Pilot Time Slot" (UpPTS), which are required
to transmit synchronization codes. Between the two synchronization areas, a guard
period of 75 µs is inserted. Each slot has a length of 0.675 ms.
The first slot (TS0) of a subframe is always reserved for downlink, the second slot
(TS1) is always reserved for uplink. The switching point indicates the time after which
subsequent slots are available for downlink again. The system is informed about the
current location of the switching point by higher layers.
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Measurement basics
Frames, subframes and slots
Figure 4-1: TD-SCDMA signal structure
Synchronization
The individual channels in the input signal must be synchronized to detect timing offsets in the slot spacings. To do so, either slot 0 (BTS mode) or slot 1 (UE mode), or the
"Downlink Pilot Time Slot" (DwPTS) or "Uplink Pilot Time Slot" (UpPTS) can be used.
In UE mode, if the UpPTS is used for synchronization, you must define the SYNC-UL
code to be used. This code depends on the used scrambling code as indicated in the
following table.
Table 4-1: Possible SYNC-UL codes depending on scrambling code
Code Group Scrambling Code Sync -UL Code
Group 1 0 to 3 0 to 7
Group 2 4 to 7 8 to 15
... ... ...
Group 32 124 to 127 248 to 255
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4.3 Channels and codes
Within each time slot, up to 16 code channels can be transmitted. Each channel is
spread over one to 16 codes (also referred to as channelization codes), depending on
the code class of the channel. The code class specifies the spreading factor of the
channel and thus the number of possible channels per slot.
Table 4-2: Relationship between code class, channels and spreading factor
Code class Spreading factor = No. channels per slot
0 1
1 2
2 4
3 8
4 16
Chips
Measurement basics
Channels and codes
The user data is spread to code channels across the available bandwidth using the
spreading factor before transmission. The spread bits are referred to as chips. Each
slot consists of 864 chips. The chips are transferred at a rate of 1.28 Megachips per
second (Mcps).
Active and inactive codes/slots
During code domain analysis, the power in the selected slot in the captured subframes
is measured to detect active channels. If the total power in the slot does not exceed a
threshold, the slot is considered to be inactive. Otherwise, the slot is analyzed to detect
channels.
To do so, the data in the slot is unscrambled according to the defined scrambling code
and carrier (= center) frequency. Then, all possible spreading sequences are applied to
the unscrambled data, defining the individual channels. Each despread channel whose
power exceeds the channel threshold is considered to be active. The reference signal
is then generated according to the active channels only.
If the power threshold for inactive channels is not set correctly, power from supposedly
inactive channels contributes to the peak code domain error, leading to false results.
To determine the correct threshold, the "Code Domain Power" on page 16)."Code
Domain Power" evaluation is a useful instrument (see
4.3.1 Special channels
To control the data transmission between the sender and the receiver, specific symbols
must be included in the transmitted data. This data is included in special data channels
defined by the 3GPP standard which use fixed codes in the code domain. Thus, the
receiver can easily them.
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Table 4-3: Special channels in TD-SCDMA signals
Measurement basics
Channels and codes
Name Description Slot No. Spreading factor
(SF)
P-CCPCH1 Primary common
control physical
channel 1
P-CCPCH2 Primary common
control physical
channel 2
0 16 1
0 16 2
Code No. (1...SF)
Other special control channels do not have a fixed code, but are identified by higher
layers.
The user data is contained in the Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH).
The detected type of the channel is indicated in the "Channel Table" evaluation according to the following assignment:
Table 4-4: Available channel types in TD-SCDMA signals
No. Channel type
0 Inactive
1 Midamble
2 DPCH (user data)
4.3.2 Channel characteristics
The spreading factor used by a channel determines the data rate. Based on a subframe length of 5 ms, the bits per slot can be calculated.
The modulation used to transmit the user data determines how many bits are required
for each symbol, and thus the maximum number of symbols per slot. Thus, the symbol
rate depends on the used modulation and the data rate. The following tables show the
relationships:
Table 4-5: Number of symbols per slot depending on spreading factor
Spreading factor Number of symbols
16 44
8 88
4 176
2 352
1 704
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Table 4-6: Number of bits per symbol depending on modulation
Modulation Number of bits per symbol
QPSK 2
8PSK 3
16QAM 4
64QAM 6
Table 4-7: Number of bits per slot depending on modulation and spreading factor
SF Modulation
16 88 132 176 264
8 176 264 352 528
4 352 528 704 1056
Measurement basics
Channels and codes
QPSK 8PSK 16QAM 64QAM
Number of bits
2 704 1056 1408 2112
1 1408 2112 2816 4224
Table 4-8: Channel parameters and their dependencies
Spreading Factor
1 704 1408 281.6 2112 422.4 2816 563.2 4224 844.8
2 352 704 140.8 1056 211.2 1408 281.6 2112 422.4
4 176 352 70.4 528 105.6 704 140.8 1056 211.2
8 88 176 35.2 264 52.8 352 70.4 528 105.6
16 44 88 17.6 132 26.4 176 35.2 264 52.8
Symbols /
Slot
QPSK 8PSK 16QAM 64QAM
Bits per
Slot
ksps Bits per
slot
ksps Bits per
slot
ksps Bits per
slot
ksps
Channel notation
Channels are generally indicated by their channel number and spreading factor (in the
form <Channel>.<SF>).
Selected codes and channels
In the result displays that refer to channels, the currently selected channel is highlighted in the diagram. You select a channel by entering a channel number and spreading
factor in the "Evaluation Range" settings.
The specified channel is selected and marked in red in the corresponding result displays, if active. If no spreading factor is specified, the spreading factor 16 is assumed.
For inactive (unused) channels, the code based on the spreading factor 16 is highlighted.
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Example: Enter 4.8
Channel 4 is marked at spreading factor 8 (35.2 ksps) if the channel is active, otherwise code 7 at spreading factor 16.
4.4 Data fields and midambles
Each slot consists of 864 chips, of which 704 are used to transmit data. The data is
divided into two data fields with 352 chips each. The midamble (consisting of the
remaining 144 chips) is located between the two data fields. A guard period of 16 chips
completes the slot.
Measurement basics
Data fields and midambles
Figure 4-2: TD-SCDMA slot structure
Midamble shifts
The midamble is a known symbol sequence which can be used to synchronize the signal in the slot, and to distinguish the data from individual users in a single slot. Different
users can be distinguished by their different time shifts of the same basic midamble
sequence. For each midamble shift, the known symbol sequence is rotated cyclically
by a defined number of chips. The maximum number of possible midamble shifts
defines the maximum number of possible users in a single slot.
Each user is thus identified by a particular time slot and a particular code on a particular carrier frequency.
Midamble assignment
A midamble is assigned to each code channel by the transmission side. Different methods of assigning midambles to code channels are available.
●
Default midamble assignment
Specific midambles are assigned to each channelization code according to a standard-specific rule
●
User-specific midamble assignment
Each code channel is assigned an individual midamble code; higher communication layers must determine which midamble belongs to which channelization code
●
Common midamble assignment
All code channels share a common midamble
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The midamble to be inserted between the data fields in a slot is generated by superimposing the individual midambles of the codes.
The TD-SCDMA specifications require that the power of the midamble and the power
of the data fields for a single slot must be identical. When using the default midamble
assignment, this means that each individual midamble is transmitted with the same
power as its assigned channelization code. For common midamble assignment, this
means the (single) midamble is transmitted with the same power as the data fields. For
user-specific assignment, the individual midambles are not known at this stage.
The parameters ΔMid1/2 in the "Channel Table" results show the power offset of the
midamble to the data fields 1 or 2 for each channel (see Table 3-2).
4.5 CDA measurements in MSRA operating mode
The TD-SCDMA BTS application can also be used to analyze data in MSRA operating
mode.
Measurement basics
CDA measurements in MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, only the MSRA primary actually captures data; the MSRA
applications receive an extract of the captured data for analysis, referred to as the
application data. For the TD-SCDMA BTS application in MSRA operating mode, the
application data range is defined by the same settings used to define the signal capture in Signal and Spectrum Analyzer mode. In addition, a capture offset can be
defined, i.e. an offset from the start of the captured data to the start of the analysis
interval for the TD-SCDMA BTS measurement.
Data coverage for each active application
Generally, if a signal contains multiple data channels for multiple standards, separate
applications are used to analyze each data channel. Thus, it is of interest to know
which application is analyzing which data channel. The MSRA primary display indicates the data covered by each application, restricted to the channel bandwidth used
by the corresponding standard (for TD-SCDMA: 1.6 MHz), by vertical blue lines labeled
with the application name.
Analysis interval
However, the individual result displays of the application need not analyze the complete data range. The data range that is actually analyzed by the individual result display is referred to as the analysis interval.
In the TD-SCDMA BTS application, the analysis interval is determined automatically. It
depends on the selected channel/ slot / set to analyze, which is defined for the evaluation range, and on the result display. The analysis interval cannot be edited directly in
the TD-SCDMA BTS application, but is changed automatically when you change the
evaluation range.
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Analysis line
A frequent question when analyzing multi-standard signals is how each data channel is
correlated (in time) to others. Thus, an analysis line has been introduced. The analysis
line is a common time marker for all MSRA secondary applications. It can be positioned in any MSRA secondary application or the MSRA primary and is then adjusted
in all other secondary applications. Thus, you can easily analyze the results at a specific time in the measurement in all secondary applications and determine correlations.
If the analysis interval of the secondary application contains the marked point in time,
the line is indicated in all time-based result displays, such as time, symbol, slot or bit
diagrams. By default, the analysis line is displayed. However, you can hide it from view
manually. In all result displays, the "AL" label in the window title bar indicates whether
the analysis line lies within the analysis interval or not:
●
●
●
Measurement basics
CDA measurements in MSRA operating mode
orange "AL": the line lies within the interval
white "AL": the line lies within the interval, but is not displayed (hidden)
no "AL": the line lies outside the interval
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S
FSW MSRA User Manual.
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5 I/Q data import and export
Baseband signals mostly occur as so-called complex baseband signals, i.e. a signal
representation that consists of two channels; the inphase (I) and the quadrature (Q)
channel. Such signals are referred to as I/Q signals. The complete modulation information and even distortion that originates from the RF, IF or baseband domains can be
analyzed in the I/Q baseband.
Importing and exporting I/Q signals is useful for various applications:
●
●
I/Q data import and export
Generating and saving I/Q signals in an RF or baseband signal generator or in
external software tools to analyze them with the R&S FSW later.
Capturing and saving I/Q signals with the R&S FSW to analyze them with the
R&S FSW or an external software tool later
As opposed to storing trace data, which can be averaged or restricted to peak values, I/Q data is stored as it was captured, without further processing. Multi-channel
data is not supported.
The data is stored as complex values in 32-bit floating-point format. The I/Q data is
stored in a format with the file extension .iq.tar.
For a detailed description, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
An application note on converting Rohde & Schwarz I/Q data files is available from the
Rohde & Schwarz website:
1EF85: Converting R&S I/Q data files
Export only in MSRA mode
In MSRA mode, I/Q data can only be exported to other applications; I/Q data cannot be
imported to the MSRA primary or any MSRA secondary applications.
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6 Configuration
The TD-SCDMA applications provide several different measurements for signals
according to the TD-SCDMA application. The main and default measurement is Code
Domain Analysis. In addition to the code domain power measurements specified by the
TD-SCDMA standard, the TD-SCDMA options offer measurements with predefined
settings in the frequency and time domain, e.g. channel power or power vs time measurements.
Only one measurement type can be configured per channel; however, several channels with TD-SCDMA applications can be configured in parallel on the R&S FSW.
Thus, you can configure one channel for a Code Domain Analysis, for example, and
another for a Time Alignment Error or Power measurement for the same input signal.
Then you can use the Sequencer to perform all measurements consecutively and
switch through the results easily, or monitor all results at the same time in the "MultiView" tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FSW User Manual.
Configuration
Result display configuration
Selecting the measurement type
When you activate an TD-SCDMA application, Code Domain Analysis of the input signal is started automatically. However, the TD-SCDMA applications also provide other
measurement types.
► To select a different measurement type, do one of the following:
● Select the "Overview" softkey. In the "Overview", select the "Select Measurement" button. Select the required measurement.
● Press the [MEAS] key. In the "Select Measurement" dialog box, select the
required measurement.
● Result display configuration.................................................................................... 46
● Code domain analysis.............................................................................................47
● Frequency and time domain measurements...........................................................85
6.1 Result display configuration
The captured signal can be displayed using various evaluation methods. All evaluation
methods available for TD-SCDMA applications are displayed in the evaluation bar in
SmartGrid mode when you do one of the following:
●
Select the
●
Select the "Display" button in the "Overview".
●
Press the [MEAS] key.
●
Select the "Display Config" softkey in any TD-SCDMA menu.
"SmartGrid" icon from the toolbar.
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Up to 16 evaluation methods can be displayed simultaneously in separate windows.
The TD-SCDMA evaluation methods are described in Chapter 3.1.2, "Evaluation meth-
ods for code domain analysis", on page 14.
To close the SmartGrid mode and restore the previous softkey menu select the
"Close" icon in the righthand corner of the toolbar, or press any key.
For details on working with the SmartGrid see the R&S FSW Getting Started manual.
6.2 Code domain analysis
Access: [MODE] > "TD-SCDMA BTS"/"TD-SCDMA UE"
TD-SCDMA measurements require special applications on the R&S FSW.
When you activate a TD-SCDMA application the first time, a set of parameters is
passed on from the currently active application:
●
●
●
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Center frequency and frequency offset
Reference level and reference level offset
Attenuation
After initial setup, the parameters for the measurement channel are stored upon exiting
and restored upon re-entering the channel. Thus, you can switch between applications
quickly and easily.
When you activate a TD-SCDMA application, Code Domain Analysis of the input signal
is started automatically with the default configuration. The "Code Domain Analyzer"
menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configuration functions.
The "Span", "Bandwidth", "Lines", and "Marker Functions" menus are not available for
Code Domain Analysis in TD-SCDMA applications.
Code Domain Analysis can be configured easily in the "Overview" dialog box, which is
displayed when you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu.
Importing and Exporting I/Q Data
Access: , "Save/Recall" menu > "Import I/Q"/ "Export I/Q"
The TD-SCDMA applications can not only measure the TD-SCDMA I/Q data to be
evaluated. They can also import I/Q data, provided it has the correct format. Furthermore, the evaluated I/Q data from the TD-SCDMA applications can be exported for further analysis in external applications.
For details on importing and exporting I/Q data, see the R&S FSW User Manual.
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● Configuration overview............................................................................................48
● Data input and output settings................................................................................ 50
● Frontend settings.................................................................................................... 58
● Trigger settings....................................................................................................... 65
● Signal capture (data acquisition).............................................................................70
● Application data (MSRA).........................................................................................72
● Synchronization.......................................................................................................72
● Channel detection................................................................................................... 75
● Sweep settings........................................................................................................81
● Automatic settings...................................................................................................83
6.2.1 Configuration overview
Access: all menus
Throughout the measurement channel configuration, an overview of the most important
currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview".
Configuration
Code domain analysis
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to
the main settings dialog boxes. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement
channel from input over processing to evaluation by stepping through the dialog boxes
as indicated in the "Overview".
The available settings and functions in the "Overview" vary depending on the currently
selected measurement. For frequency and time domain measurements, see Chap-
ter 6.3, "Frequency and time domain measurements", on page 85.
For Code Domain Analysis measurements, the "Overview" provides quick access to
the following configuration dialog boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
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The "Signal Description" button indicated in the "Overview" is not required for TDSCDMA measurements.
1. "Select Measurement"
2. "Input/ Frontend"
3. (Optionally:) "Trigger"
4. "Signal Capture"
5. "Synchronization"
6. "Channel Detection"
Configuration
Code domain analysis
See Chapter 3, "Measurements and result display", on page 11
See Chapter 6.2.2, "Data input and output settings", on page 50
See Chapter 6.2.4, "Trigger settings", on page 65
See Chapter 6.2.5, "Signal capture (data acquisition)", on page 70
See Chapter 6.2.7, "Synchronization", on page 72
See Chapter 6.2.8, "Channel detection", on page 75
7. "Analysis"
See Chapter 7, "Analysis", on page 95
8. "Display Configuration"
See Chapter 6.1, "Result display configuration", on page 46
To configure settings
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to
change a specific setting.
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to
restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Note: Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the [Preset] key, which restores
the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the
R&S FSW (except for the default channel)!
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 120
Select Measurement
Selects a different measurement to be performed.
See Chapter 3, "Measurements and result display", on page 11.
Specific Settings for
The channel can contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the
selected window.
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Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed
in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.
The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected
window.
6.2.2 Data input and output settings
Access: [INPUT / OUTPUT]
The R&S FSW can analyze signals from different input sources and provide various
types of output (such as noise or trigger signals).
Further input sources
The R&S FSW TD-SCDMA Measurements application application can also process
input from the following optional sources:
●
●
●
Configuration
Code domain analysis
"Digital Baseband" interface (R&S FSW-B17)
"Analog Baseband" interface (R&S FSW-B71)
Probes
For details, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
● Input source settings...............................................................................................50
● Output settings........................................................................................................55
● Digital I/Q output settings........................................................................................56
6.2.2.1 Input source settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source"
The input source determines which data the R&S FSW analyzes.
The default input source for the R&S FSW is "Radio Frequency", i.e. the signal at the
"RF Input" connector of the R&S FSW. If no additional options are installed, this is the
only available input source.
Further input sources
The R&S FSW TD-SCDMA Measurements application application can also process
input from the following optional sources:
●
I/Q Input files
●
"Digital Baseband" interface (R&S FSW-B17)
●
"Analog Baseband" interface (R&S FSW-B71)
●
Probes
For details, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
Since the Digital I/Q input and the Analog Baseband input use the same digital signal
path, both cannot be used simultaneously. When one is activated, established connec-
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tions for the other are disconnected. When the second input is deactivated, connections to the first are re-established. Reconnecting can cause a short delay in data
transfer after switching the input source.
● Radio frequency input............................................................................................. 51
● Settings for input from I/Q data files........................................................................54
Radio frequency input
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"
Configuration
Code domain analysis
RF Input Protection
The RF input connector of the R&S FSW must be protected against signal levels that
exceed the ranges specified in the data sheet. Therefore, the R&S FSW is equipped
with an overload protection mechanism for DC and signal frequencies up to 30 MHz.
This mechanism becomes active as soon as the power at the input mixer exceeds the
specified limit. It ensures that the connection between RF input and input mixer is cut
off.
When the overload protection is activated, an error message is displayed in the status
bar ("INPUT OVLD"), and a message box informs you that the RF input was disconnected. Furthermore, a status bit (bit 3) in the STAT:QUES:POW status register is set.
In this case, you must decrease the level at the RF input connector and then close the
message box. Then measurement is possible again. Reactivating the RF input is also
possible via the remote command INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet.
Radio Frequency State................................................................................................. 51
Input Coupling...............................................................................................................52
Impedance.................................................................................................................... 52
Direct Path.................................................................................................................... 53
High Pass Filter 1 to 3 GHz...........................................................................................53
YIG-Preselector.............................................................................................................53
Input Connector.............................................................................................................53
Radio Frequency State
Activates input from the "RF Input" connector.
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For R&S FSW85 models with two input connectors, you must define which input
source is used for each measurement channel.
If an external frontend is active, select the connector the external frontend is connected
to. You cannot use the other RF input connector simultaneously for the same channel.
However, you can configure the use of the other RF input connector for another active
channel at the same time.
"Input 1"
Configuration
Code domain analysis
1.00 mm RF input connector for frequencies up to 85 GHz (90 GHz
with option R&S FSW-B90G)
"Input 2"
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:SELect on page 126
INPut<ip>:TYPE on page 126
Input Coupling
The RF input of the R&S FSW can be coupled by alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).
This function is not available for input from the optional "Digital Baseband" interface or
from the optional "Analog Baseband" interface.
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. AC coupling is activated by
default to prevent damage to the instrument. Very low frequencies in the input signal
can be distorted.
However, some specifications require DC coupling. In this case, you must protect the
instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data
sheet.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:COUPling on page 123
Impedance
For some measurements, the reference impedance for the measured levels of the
R&S FSW can be set to 50 Ω or 75 Ω.
1.85 mm RF input connector for frequencies up to 67 GHz
Select 75 Ω if the 50 Ω input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance using a
75 Ω adapter of the RAZ type. (That corresponds to 25Ω in series to the input impedance of the instrument.) The correction value in this case is 1.76 dB = 10 log (75Ω/
50Ω).
This value also affects the unit conversion (see "Reference Level" on page 59).
This function is not available for input from the optional "Digital Baseband" interface or
from the optional "Analog Baseband" interface. For analog baseband input, an impedance of 50 Ω is always used.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:IMPedance on page 125
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Direct Path
Enables or disables the use of the direct path for small frequencies.
In spectrum analyzers, passive analog mixers are used for the first conversion of the
input signal. In such mixers, the LO signal is coupled into the IF path due to its limited
isolation. The coupled LO signal becomes visible at the RF frequency 0 Hz. This effect
is referred to as LO feedthrough.
To avoid the LO feedthrough the spectrum analyzer provides an alternative signal path
to the A/D converter, referred to as the direct path. By default, the direct path is
selected automatically for RF frequencies close to zero. However, this behavior can be
disabled. If "Direct Path" is set to "Off", the spectrum analyzer always uses the analog
mixer path.
"Auto"
"Off"
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:DPATh on page 124
Configuration
Code domain analysis
(Default) The direct path is used automatically for frequencies close
to zero.
The analog mixer path is always used.
High Pass Filter 1 to 3 GHz
Activates an additional internal highpass filter for RF input signals from 1 GHz to
3 GHz. This filter is used to remove the harmonics of the analyzer to measure the harmonics for a DUT, for example.
This function requires an additional hardware option.
Note: For RF input signals outside the specified range, the high-pass filter has no
effect. For signals with a frequency of approximately 4 GHz upwards, the harmonics
are suppressed sufficiently by the YIG-preselector, if available.)
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:HPASs[:STATe] on page 124
YIG-Preselector
Enables or disables the YIG-preselector, if available on the R&S FSW.
An internal YIG-preselector at the input of the R&S FSW ensures that image frequen-
cies are rejected. However, image rejection is only possible for a restricted bandwidth.
To use the maximum bandwidth for signal analysis you can disable the YIG-preselector
at the input of the R&S FSW, which can lead to image-frequency display.
Note: Note that the YIG-preselector is active only on frequencies greater than 8 GHz.
Therefore, switching the YIG-preselector on or off has no effect if the frequency is
below that value.
To use the optional 90 GHz frequency extension (R&S FSW-B90G), the YIG-preselector must be disabled.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:YIG[:STATe] on page 125
Input Connector
Determines which connector the input data for the measurement is taken from.
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For more information on the "Analog Baseband" interface (R&S FSW-B71), see the
R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input user manual.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
"RF"
"RF Probe"
"Baseband
Input I"
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:CONNector on page 123
Settings for input from I/Q data files
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
Or: [INPUT/OUTPUT] > "Input Source Config" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
(Default:) The "RF Input" connector
The "RF Input" connector with an adapter for a modular probe
This setting is only available if a probe is connected to the "RF Input"
connector.
The optional "Baseband Input I" connector
This setting is only available if the optional "Analog Baseband" inter-
face is installed and active for input. It is not available for the
R&S FSW67.
For R&S FSW85 models with two input connectors, this setting is
only available for "Input 1".
I/Q Input File State........................................................................................................ 54
Select I/Q data file.........................................................................................................55
File Repetitions............................................................................................................. 55
I/Q Input File State
Enables input from the selected I/Q input file.
If enabled, the application performs measurements on the data from this file. Thus,
most measurement settings related to data acquisition (attenuation, center frequency,
measurement bandwidth, sample rate) cannot be changed. The measurement time
can only be decreased to perform measurements on an extract of the available data
only.
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Note: Even when the file input is disabled, the input file remains selected and can be
enabled again quickly by changing the state.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:SELect on page 126
Select I/Q data file
Opens a file selection dialog box to select an input file that contains I/Q data.
The I/Q data file must be in one of the following supported formats:
●
●
●
●
●
●
For details on formats, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input user manual.
Note: Only a single data stream or channel can be used as input, even if multiple
streams or channels are stored in the file.
Note: For some file formats that do not provide the sample rate and measurement time
or record length, you must define these parameters manually. Otherwise the traces are
not visible in the result displays.
The default storage location for I/Q data files is C:\R_S\INSTR\USER.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
.iq.tar
.iqw
.csv
.mat
.wv
.aid
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILE:PATH on page 127
File Repetitions
Determines how often the data stream is repeatedly copied in the I/Q data memory to
create a longer record. If the available memory is not sufficient for the specified number of repetitions, the largest possible number of complete data streams is used.
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:FILE:REPetition:COUNt on page 129
6.2.2.2 Output settings
Access: [Input/Output] > "Output"
The R&S FSW can provide output to special connectors for other devices.
For details on connectors, refer to the R&S FSW Getting Started manual, "Front / Rear
Panel View" chapters.
How to provide trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FSW User
Manual.
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Noise Source Control....................................................................................................56
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Noise Source Control
Enables or disables the 28 V voltage supply for an external noise source connected to
the "Noise source control / Power sensor") connector. By switching the supply voltage
for an external noise source on or off in the firmware, you can enable or disable the
device as required.
External noise sources are useful when you are measuring power levels that fall below
the noise floor of the R&S FSW itself, for example when measuring the noise level of
an amplifier.
In this case, you can first connect an external noise source (whose noise power level is
known in advance) to the R&S FSW and measure the total noise power. From this
value, you can determine the noise power of the R&S FSW. Then when you measure
the power level of the actual DUT, you can deduct the known noise level from the total
power to obtain the power level of the DUT.
Remote command:
DIAGnostic:SERVice:NSOurce on page 142
6.2.2.3 Digital I/Q output settings
Access: "Overview" > "Output" > "Digital I/Q" tab
The optional "Digital Baseband" interface allows you to output I/Q data from any
R&S FSW application that processes I/Q data to an external device.
These settings are only available if the "Digital Baseband" interface option is installed
on the R&S FSW.
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Digital I/Q output is available with bandwidth extension option R&S FSW-B500/ -B512,
but not with R&S FSW-B512R (Real-Time).
However, see the note regarding digital I/Q output and the R&S FSW-B500/ -B512
option in the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
For details on digital I/Q output, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer User Manual.
Digital Baseband Output............................................................................................... 57
Output Settings Information.......................................................................................... 57
Connected Instrument...................................................................................................58
Digital Baseband Output
Enables or disables a digital output stream to the optional "Digital Baseband" interface,
if available.
Note: If digital baseband output is active, the sample rate is restricted to 200 MHz
(max. 160 MHz bandwidth).
The only data source that can be used for digital baseband output is RF input.
For details on digital I/Q output, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer User Manual.
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:DIQ[:STATe] on page 132
Output Settings Information
Displays information on the settings for output via the optional "Digital Baseband" interface.
The following information is displayed:
●
Maximum sample rate that can be used to transfer data via the "Digital Baseband"
interface (i.e. the maximum input sample rate that can be processed by the connected instrument)
●
Sample rate currently used to transfer data via the "Digital Baseband" interface
●
Level and unit that corresponds to an I/Q sample with the magnitude "1"
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:DIQ:CDEVice? on page 132
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Connected Instrument
Displays information on the instrument connected to the optional "Digital Baseband"
interface, if available.
If an instrument is connected, the following information is displayed:
●
●
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:DIQ:CDEVice? on page 132
6.2.3 Frontend settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend"
Frequency, amplitude and y-axis scaling settings represent the "frontend" of the measurement setup.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Name and serial number of the instrument connected to the "Digital Baseband"
interface
Used port
Amplitude settings for analog baseband input
Amplitude settings for analog baseband input are described in the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual
● Amplitude settings...................................................................................................58
● Y-axis scaling.......................................................................................................... 62
● Frequency settings..................................................................................................63
6.2.3.1 Amplitude settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Amplitude"
Amplitude settings determine how the R&S FSW must process or display the expected
input power levels.
Amplitude settings for input from the optional "Analog Baseband" interface are described in the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
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Configuration
Code domain analysis
Reference Level............................................................................................................59
└ Shifting the Display (Offset)............................................................................ 60
└ Unit..................................................................................................................60
└ Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level).................................60
RF Attenuation.............................................................................................................. 60
└ Attenuation Mode / Value................................................................................60
Using Electronic Attenuation.........................................................................................61
Input Settings................................................................................................................ 61
└ Preamplifier.....................................................................................................61
└ Ext. PA Correction...........................................................................................62
Reference Level
Defines the expected maximum input signal level. Signal levels above this value are
possibly not measured correctly, which is indicated by the "IF Overload" status display
("OVLD" for analog baseband or digital baseband input).
The reference level can also be used to scale power diagrams; the reference level is
then used for the calculation of the maximum on the y-axis.
Since the hardware of the R&S FSW is adapted according to this value, it is recommended that you set the reference level close above the expected maximum signal
level. Thus you ensure an optimum measurement (no compression, good signal-tonoise ratio).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel
on page 145
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Shifting the Display (Offset) ← Reference Level
Defines an arithmetic level offset. This offset is added to the measured level. In some
result displays, the scaling of the y-axis is changed accordingly.
Define an offset if the signal is attenuated or amplified before it is fed into the
R&S FSW so the application shows correct power results. All displayed power level
results are shifted by this value.
The setting range is ±200 dB in 0.01 dB steps.
Note, however, that the internal reference level (used to adjust the hardware settings to
the expected signal) ignores any "Reference Level Offset". Thus, it is important to keep
in mind the actual power level the R&S FSW must handle. Do not rely on the displayed
reference level (internal reference level = displayed reference level - offset).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:
OFFSet on page 146
Unit ← Reference Level
For CDA measurements, do not change the unit, as it would lead to useless results.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level) ← Reference Level
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FSW for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators and
the preamplifier (for analog baseband input: the full-scale level) are adjusted. As a
result, the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clipping are
minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FSW.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
You can change the measurement time for the level measurement if necessary (see
"Changing the Automatic Measurement Time (Meastime Manual)" on page 84).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 171
RF Attenuation
Defines the attenuation applied to the RF input of the R&S FSW.
This function is not available for input from the optional "Digital Baseband" interface.
Attenuation Mode / Value ← RF Attenuation
The RF attenuation can be set automatically as a function of the selected reference
level (Auto mode). Automatic attenuation ensures that no overload occurs at the RF
Input connector for the current reference level. It is the default setting.
By default and when no (optional) electronic attenuation is available, mechanical
attenuation is applied.
This function is not available for input from the optional "Digital Baseband" interface.
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In "Manual" mode, you can set the RF attenuation in 1 dB steps (down to 0 dB). Other
entries are rounded to the next integer value. The range is specified in the data sheet.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the defined RF attenuation, the reference level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed.
NOTICE! Risk of hardware damage due to high power levels. When decreasing the
attenuation manually, ensure that the power level does not exceed the maximum level
allowed at the RF input, as an overload can lead to hardware damage.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation on page 149
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO on page 150
Using Electronic Attenuation
If the (optional) Electronic Attenuation hardware is installed on the R&S FSW, you can
also activate an electronic attenuator.
In "Auto" mode, the settings are defined automatically; in "Manual" mode, you can
define the mechanical and electronic attenuation separately.
This function is not available for input from the optional "Digital Baseband" interface.
Note: Electronic attenuation is not available for stop frequencies (or center frequencies
in zero span) above 15 GHz.
In "Auto" mode, RF attenuation is provided by the electronic attenuator as much as
possible to reduce the amount of mechanical switching required. Mechanical attenuation can provide a better signal-to-noise ratio, however.
When you switch off electronic attenuation, the RF attenuation is automatically set to
the same mode (auto/manual) as the electronic attenuation was set to. Thus, the RF
attenuation can be set to automatic mode, and the full attenuation is provided by the
mechanical attenuator, if possible.
The electronic attenuation can be varied in 1 dB steps. If the electronic attenuation is
on, the mechanical attenuation can be varied in 5 dB steps. Other entries are rounded
to the next lower integer value.
For the R&S FSW85, the mechanical attenuation can be varied only in 10 dB steps.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the given attenuation, the reference
level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed in the status
bar.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:EATT:STATe on page 151
INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO on page 151
INPut<ip>:EATT on page 150
Input Settings
Some input settings affect the measured amplitude of the signal, as well.
The parameters "Input Coupling" and "Impedance" are identical to those in the "Input"
settings.
Preamplifier ← Input Settings
If the (optional) internal preamplifier hardware is installed, a preamplifier can be activated for the RF input signal.
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You can use a preamplifier to analyze signals from DUTs with low output power.
Note: If an optional external preamplifier is activated, the internal preamplifier is auto-
matically disabled, and vice versa.
This function is not available for input from the (optional) "Digital Baseband" interface.
For all R&S FSW models except for R&S FSW85, the following settings are available:
Configuration
Code domain analysis
"Off"
"15 dB"
"30 dB"
For R&S FSW85 models, the input signal is amplified by 30 dB if the preamplifier is
activated.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe on page 148
INPut<ip>:GAIN[:VALue] on page 149
Ext. PA Correction ← Input Settings
This function is only available if an external preamplifier is connected to the R&S FSW,
and only for frequencies above 1 GHz. For details on connection, see the preamplifier's
documentation.
Using an external preamplifier, you can measure signals from devices under test with
low output power, using measurement devices which feature a low sensitivity and do
not have a built-in RF preamplifier.
When you connect the external preamplifier, the R&S FSW reads out the touchdown
(.S2P) file from the EEPROM of the preamplifier. This file contains the s-parameters of
the preamplifier. As soon as you connect the preamplifier to the R&S FSW, the preamplifier is permanently on and ready to use. However, you must enable data correction
based on the stored data explicitly on the R&S FSW using this setting.
Deactivates the preamplifier.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 15 dB.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 30 dB.
When enabled, the R&S FSW automatically compensates the magnitude and phase
characteristics of the external preamplifier in the measurement results. Any internal
preamplifier, if available, is disabled.
For R&S FSW85 models with two RF inputs, you can enable correction from the external preamplifier for each input individually, but not for both at the same time.
When disabled, no compensation is performed even if an external preamplifier remains
connected.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:EGAin[:STATe] on page 147
6.2.3.2 Y-axis scaling
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Scale"
Or: [AMPT] > "Scale Config"
The vertical axis scaling is configurable. In Code Domain Analysis, the y-axis usually
displays the measured power levels.
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Y-Maximum, Y-Minimum................................................................................................63
Auto Scale Once........................................................................................................... 63
Restore Scale (Window)............................................................................................... 63
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Y-Maximum, Y-Minimum
Defines the amplitude range to be displayed on the y-axis of the evaluation diagrams.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum on page 147
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum on page 147
Auto Scale Once
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be displayed for the current measurement settings.
The display is only set once; it is not adapted further if the measurement settings are
changed again.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO ONCE
on page 144
Restore Scale (Window)
Restores the default scale settings in the currently selected window.
6.2.3.3 Frequency settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Frequency"
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Center Frequency......................................................................................................... 64
Center Frequency Stepsize...........................................................................................64
Frequency Offset...........................................................................................................64
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Center Frequency
Defines the center frequency of the signal in Hertz.
The allowed range of values for the center frequency depends on the frequency span.
span > 0: span
f
and span
max
/2 ≤ f
min
depend on the instrument and are specified in the data sheet.
min
center
≤ f
max
– span
min
/2
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 142
Center Frequency Stepsize
Defines the step size by which the center frequency is increased or decreased using
the arrow keys.
When you use the rotary knob the center frequency changes in steps of only 1/10 of
the span.
The step size can be coupled to another value or it can be manually set to a fixed
value.
This setting is available for frequency and time domain measurements.
"= Center"
Sets the step size to the value of the center frequency. The used
value is indicated in the "Value" field.
"Manual"
Defines a fixed step size for the center frequency. Enter the step size
in the "Value" field.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP on page 143
Frequency Offset
Shifts the displayed frequency range along the x-axis by the defined offset.
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This parameter has no effect on the instrument's hardware, on the captured data, or on
data processing. It is simply a manipulation of the final results in which absolute frequency values are displayed. Thus, the x-axis of a spectrum display is shifted by a
constant offset if it shows absolute frequencies. However, if it shows frequencies relative to the signal's center frequency, it is not shifted.
A frequency offset can be used to correct the display of a signal that is slightly distorted
by the measurement setup, for example.
The allowed values range from -1 THz to 1 THz. The default setting is 0 Hz.
Note: In MSRA mode, this function is only available for the MSRA primary.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet on page 143
6.2.4 Trigger settings
Access: "Overview" > "Trigger"
Trigger settings determine when the input signal is measured.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
External triggers from one of the [TRIGGER INPUT/OUTPUT] connectors on the
R&S FSW are configured in a separate tab of the dialog box.
For step-by-step instructions on configuring triggered measurements, see the main
R&S FSW User Manual.
Trigger Source...............................................................................................................66
└ Trigger Source................................................................................................ 66
└ Free Run...............................................................................................66
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Trigger 2/3.....................................................................................................................69
Trigger Source
The trigger settings define the beginning of a measurement.
Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Defines the trigger source. If a trigger source other than "Free Run" is set, "TRG" is
displayed in the channel bar and the trigger source is indicated.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 155
Configuration
Code domain analysis
└ External Trigger 1/2/3........................................................................... 66
└ Digital I/Q..............................................................................................67
└ IF Power............................................................................................... 67
└ Trigger Level...................................................................................................68
└ Trigger Offset..................................................................................................68
└ Slope...............................................................................................................68
└ Capture Offset.................................................................................................68
└ Output Type.................................................................................................... 69
└ Level..................................................................................................... 70
└ Pulse Length.........................................................................................70
└ Send Trigger.........................................................................................70
Free Run ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
No trigger source is considered. Data acquisition is started manually or automatically
and continues until stopped explicitly.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IMM, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 155
External Trigger 1/2/3 ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Data acquisition starts when the TTL signal fed into the specified input connector
meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
(See "Trigger Level" on page 68).
Note: The "External Trigger 1" softkey automatically selects the trigger signal from the
"TRIGGER 1 INPUT" connector on the front panel.
For details, see the "Instrument Tour" chapter in the R&S FSW Getting Started manual.
"External Trigger 1"
Trigger signal from the "TRIGGER 1 INPUT" connector.
"External Trigger 2"
Trigger signal from the "TRIGGER 2 INPUT / OUTPUT" connector.
Note: Connector must be configured for "Input" in the "Output" configuration
For R&S FSW85 models, "Trigger 2" is not available due to the second RF input connector on the front panel.
(See the R&S FSW user manual).
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"External Trigger 3"
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR EXT, TRIG:SOUR EXT2
TRIG:SOUR EXT3
See TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 155
Digital I/Q ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
For applications that process I/Q data, such as the I/Q Analyzer or optional applications, and only if the optional "Digital Baseband" interface is available:
Defines triggering of the measurement directly via the "LVDS" connector. In the selection list, specify which general-purpose bit ("GP0" to "GP5") provides the trigger data.
Note: If the Digital I/Q enhanced mode is used, i.e. the connected device supports
transfer rates up to 200 Msps, only the general-purpose bits "GP0" and "GP1" are
available as a Digital I/Q trigger source.
The following table describes the assignment of the general-purpose bits to the LVDS
connector pins.
(For details on the LVDS connector, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer User Manual.)
Table 6-1: Assignment of general-purpose bits to LVDS connector pins
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Trigger signal from the "TRIGGER 3 INPUT / OUTPUT" connector on
the rear panel.
Note: Connector must be configured for "Input" in the "Output" configuration.
(See R&S FSW user manual).
Bit LVDS pin
GP0 SDATA4_P - Trigger1
GP1 SDATA4_P - Trigger2
*)
GP2
*)
GP3
*)
GP4
*)
GP5
*)
: not available for Digital I/Q enhanced mode
SDATA0_P - Reserve1
SDATA4_P - Reserve2
SDATA0_P - Marker1
SDATA4_P - Marker2
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR GP0, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 155
IF Power ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
The R&S FSW starts capturing data as soon as the trigger level is exceeded around
the third intermediate frequency.
For frequency sweeps, the third IF represents the start frequency. The trigger threshold
depends on the defined trigger level, as well as on the RF attenuation and preamplification. A reference level offset, if defined, is also considered. The trigger bandwidth at
the intermediate frequency depends on the RBW and sweep type. For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths, see the instrument data sheet.
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For measurements on a fixed frequency (e.g. zero span or I/Q measurements), the
third IF represents the center frequency.
This trigger source is only available for RF input.
This trigger source is available for frequency and time domain measurements only.
It is not available for input from the optional "Digital Baseband" interface or the optional
"Analog Baseband" interface.
The available trigger levels depend on the RF attenuation and preamplification. A refer-
ence level offset, if defined, is also considered.
For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths, see the data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IFP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 155
Trigger Level ← Trigger Source
Defines the trigger level for the specified trigger source.
For details on supported trigger levels, see the instrument data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>] on page 154
For analog baseband or digital baseband input only:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:BBPower on page 154
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Trigger Offset ← Trigger Source
Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the measurement.
Offset > 0: Start of the measurement is delayed
Offset < 0: Measurement starts earlier (pretrigger)
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME] on page 153
Slope ← Trigger Source
For all trigger sources except time, you can define whether triggering occurs when the
signal rises to the trigger level or falls down to it.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe on page 154
Capture Offset ← Trigger Source
This setting is only available for secondary applications in MSRA operating mode. It
has a similar effect as the trigger offset in other measurements: it defines the time offset between the capture buffer start and the start of the extracted secondary application data.
In MSRA mode, the offset must be a positive value, as the capture buffer starts at the
trigger time = 0.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FSW MSRA User Manual.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]MSRA:CAPTure:OFFSet on page 216
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Trigger 2/3
The trigger input and output functionality depends on how the variable "Trigger Input/
Output" connectors are used.
Note: Providing trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FSW User
Manual.
"Trigger 1"
"Trigger 2"
Configuration
Code domain analysis
"Trigger 1" is input only.
Defines the usage of the variable "Trigger Input/Output" connector on
the front panel
(not available for R&S FSW85 models with 2 RF input connectors)
"Trigger 3"
"Input"
"Output"
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:DIRection on page 156
Output Type ← Trigger 2/3
Type of signal to be sent to the output
"Device Trig-
gered"
"Trigger
Armed"
"User Defined"
Defines the usage of the variable "Trigger 3 Input/Output" connector
on the rear panel
The signal at the connector is used as an external trigger source by
the R&S FSW. Trigger input parameters are available in the "Trigger"
dialog box.
The R&S FSW sends a trigger signal to the output connector to be
used by connected devices.
Further trigger parameters are available for the connector.
(Default) Sends a trigger when the R&S FSW triggers.
Sends a (high level) trigger when the R&S FSW is in "Ready for trigger" state.
This state is indicated by a status bit in the STATus:OPERation register (bit 5), as well as by a low-level signal at the "AUX" port (pin 9).
Sends a trigger when you select the "Send Trigger" button.
In this case, further parameters are available for the output signal.
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Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:OTYPe on page 157
Level ← Output Type ← Trigger 2/3
Defines whether a high (1) or low (0) constant signal is sent to the trigger output connector (for "Output Type": "User Defined".
The trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined here. For
example, for "Level" = "High", a constant high signal is output to the connector until you
select the Send Trigger function. Then, a low pulse is provided.
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:LEVel on page 157
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Pulse Length ← Output Type ← Trigger 2/3
Defines the duration of the pulse (pulse width) sent as a trigger to the output connector.
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:PULSe:LENGth on page 158
Send Trigger ← Output Type ← Trigger 2/3
Sends a user-defined trigger to the output connector immediately.
Note that the trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined
by the output Level setting. For example, for "Level" = "High", a constant high signal is
output to the connector until you select the "Send Trigger" function. Then, a low pulse
is sent.
Which pulse level is sent is indicated by a graphic on the button.
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:PULSe:IMMediate on page 158
6.2.5 Signal capture (data acquisition)
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Capture"
How much and how data is captured from the input signal are defined in the "Signal
Capture" settings.
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Configuration
Code domain analysis
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, only the MSRA primary channel actually captures data from
the input signal. The data acquisition settings for the TD-SCDMA BTS application in
MSRA mode define the application data extract. See Chapter 6.2.6, "Application data
(MSRA)", on page 72.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FSW MSRA User Manual.
Sample Rate................................................................................................................. 71
Swap I/Q....................................................................................................................... 71
RRC Filter State............................................................................................................71
Set Count...................................................................................................................... 72
Set to Analyze...............................................................................................................72
Number of Slots to Capture...........................................................................................72
Sample Rate
The sample rate is always 2 MHz (indicated for reference only).
Swap I/Q
Inverts the sign of the signal's Q-branch. The default setting is OFF.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:QINVert on page 220
RRC Filter State
Selects if a root raised cosine (RRC) receiver filter is used or not. This feature is useful
if the RRC filter is implemented in the device under test (DUT).
"ON"
If an unfiltered signal is received (normal case), the RRC filter should
be used to get a correct signal demodulation. (Default settings)
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Configuration
Code domain analysis
"OFF"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:FILTer[:STATe] on page 159
Set Count
Defines the number of consecutive sets to be captured and stored in the instrument's
I/Q memory. One set consists of 63 slots. The R&S FSW can capture from 1 to 4500
sets.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:SET:COUNt on page 160
Set to Analyze
Selects a specific set for further analysis. The value range depends on the Set Count
and is between 0 and [Set Count-1].
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:SET on page 172
Number of Slots to Capture
Defines the number of slots to capture.
Note: if the Set Count is larger than 1, the number of slots to capture is automatically
set to the maximum of 64.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:IQLength on page 159
If a filtered signal is received, the RRC filter should not be used to get
a correct signal demodulation. This is the case if the DUT filters the
signal.
6.2.6 Application data (MSRA)
For the TD-SCDMA BTS application in MSRA operating mode, the application data
range is defined by the same settings used to define the signal capturing in Signal and
Spectrum Analyzer mode (see Chapter 6.2.5, "Signal capture (data acquisition)",
on page 70.
In addition, a capture offset can be defined, i.e. an offset from the start of the captured
data to the start of the analysis interval for the TD-SCDMA BTS measurement (see
"Capture Offset" on page 68).
The analysis interval cannot be edited manually. It is determined automatically
according to the selected channel, slot or set to analyze which is defined for the evaluation range, depending on the result display. Note that the set/slot/channel is analyzed
within the application data.
For details, see Chapter 4.5, "CDA measurements in MSRA operating mode",
on page 43.
6.2.7 Synchronization
Access: "Overview" > "Synchronization"
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The individual channels in the input signal need to be synchronized to detect timing offsets in the slot spacings. These settings are described here.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Scrambling Code
SYNC-UL Code (UE only).............................................................................................73
MA Shift Cell / Number of Users................................................................................... 73
Time Reference (BTS mode)........................................................................................ 74
Time Reference (UE mode).......................................................................................... 74
Sync To......................................................................................................................... 74
Rotate code channel to associated midamble.............................................................. 74
Scrambling Code
Sets the Scrambling Code of the base station. Possible values are between 0 and 127
and have to be entered as decimals.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:SCODe on page 161
SYNC-UL Code (UE only)
Defines the code used for synchronization on the UpPTS (see "Time Reference (UE
mode)" on page 74).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:SULCode on page 162
MA Shift Cell / Number of Users
Sets the maximum number of usable midamble shifts (= number of users) on the base
station. Possible values are in the range from 2 to 16 in steps of 2 midamble shifts.
If you use a predefined channel table, this value is replaced by that of the channel
table.
For details see Chapter 4.4, "Data fields and midambles", on page 42.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:MSHift on page 161
...........................................................................................................73
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Time Reference (BTS mode)
Defines which slot is used as a time reference for synchronization.
"DwPTS"
"Slot 0"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:TREFerence on page 163
Time Reference (UE mode)
Defines which slot is used as a time reference for synchronization.
"UpPTS"
"Slot 1"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:TREFerence on page 163
Sync To
Defines the phase reference. For a successful synchronization, the selected slot must
contain at least one data channel with sufficient power.
(Not available for "Power vs Time" measurements.)
"P-CCPCH"
"Code Channel"
"Midamble"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:SLOT on page 172
UE application: [SENSe:]CDPower:STSLot:MODE on page 162
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Uses the Downlink Pilot Time Slot (DwPTS) as a time reference (see
also Chapter 4.2, "Frames, subframes and slots", on page 37)
Uses slot 0 as a time reference.
Uses the Uplink Pilot Time Slot (UpPTS) as a time reference (see
also Chapter 4.2, "Frames, subframes and slots", on page 37)
Uses slot 1 as a time reference.
(BTS application only)
By default, the R&S FSW TD-SCDMA BTS application determines
the phase reference for all downlink data slots from the downlink pilot
channel (P-CCPCH) in slot 0. For some measurements like beamforming or repeater measurements, it might be necessary to apply different phase offsets to each time slot. In these timeslots, using the PCCPCH as phase reference leads to rotated constellation diagrams
and poor EVM results.
(UE application only)
The R&S FSW TD-SCDMA UE determines the phase reference from
the channel of the selected slot. This is useful when synchronization
fails in poor SNR environments.
For channel synchronization, at least one of the channels must be
QPSK or 8PSK modulated.
The R&S FSW TD-SCDMA application determines the phase reference from the midamble of the selected slot. With this method, the
data slots can be phase rotated to each other and a degradation of
the EVM results can be avoided.
Rotate code channel to associated midamble
(Not available for "Power vs Time" measurements.)
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By default, the R&S FSWTD-SCDMA application determines one phase reference for
all midambles and channels of a data slot. If this option is enabled, phase rotations
between the channels are allowed. Each channel gets its own phase reference from
the associated midamble according to section AA.2 of the standard document 3GPP
TS 25.221. If the associated midamble is missing, the common phase reference is
used for this channel.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:STSLot:ROTate on page 162
6.2.8 Channel detection
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection"
The channel detection settings determine which channels are found in the input signal.
● General channel detection settings.........................................................................75
● Channel table management....................................................................................77
● Channel table settings and functions...................................................................... 78
● Channel details....................................................................................................... 79
Configuration
Code domain analysis
6.2.8.1 General channel detection settings
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection"
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Configuration
Code domain analysis
Figure 6-1: Channel detection configuration for TD-SCDMA BTS application
Inactive Channel Threshold ......................................................................................... 76
Max Modulation.............................................................................................................76
Using Predefined Channel Tables.................................................................................77
Inactive Channel Threshold
Defines the minimum power that a single channel must have compared to the total signal to be recognized as an active channel.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:ICTReshold on page 164
Max Modulation
Defines the highest modulation to be considered in the automatic channel search. In
low SNR environments, it may be necessary to limit the channel search to lower modulations than 64QAM. The following types are available:
●
QPSK
●
8PSK
●
16QAM
●
64QAM
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:MMAX on page 164
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Using Predefined Channel Tables
Defines the channel search mode.
"Predefined"
"Autosearch"
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle[:STATe] on page 166
6.2.8.2 Channel table management
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection" > "Predefined Channel Tables"
Predefined Tables......................................................................................................... 77
Selecting a Table...........................................................................................................77
Creating a New Table....................................................................................................77
Editing a Table...............................................................................................................77
Copying a Table............................................................................................................ 77
Deleting a Table............................................................................................................ 78
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Compares the input signal to the predefined channel table selected in
the "Predefined Tables" list.
Detects channels automatically based on the active predefined channel table.
Predefined Tables
The list shows all available channel tables and marks the currently used table with a
checkmark. The currently focused table is highlighted blue.
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:CATalog? on page 164
Selecting a Table
Selects the channel table currently focused in the "Predefined Tables" list and compares it to the measured signal to detect channels.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:SELect on page 165
Creating a New Table
Creates a new channel table. See Chapter 6.2.8.4, "Channel details", on page 79.
For step-by-step instructions on creating a new channel table, see "To define or edit a
channel table" on page 107.
Editing a Table
You can edit existing channel table definitions. The details of the selected channel are
displayed in the "Channel Table" dialog box. See Chapter 6.2.8.4, "Channel details",
on page 79.
Copying a Table
Copies an existing channel table definition. The details of the selected channel are displayed in the "Channel Table" dialog box. See Chapter 6.2.8.4, "Channel details",
on page 79.
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Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:COPY on page 165
Deleting a Table
Deletes the currently selected channel table after a message is confirmed.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:DELete on page 165
6.2.8.3 Channel table settings and functions
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection" > "Predefined Channel Tables" > "New"/
"Copy"/ "Edit"
Some general settings and functions are available when configuring a predefined
channel table.
Name.............................................................................................................................78
Comment.......................................................................................................................78
MA Shifts Cell................................................................................................................78
Adding a Channel..........................................................................................................79
Deleting a Channel........................................................................................................79
Creating a New Channel Table from the Measured Signal (Measure Table)................ 79
Sorting the Table by Midamble......................................................................................79
Sorting the Table by Code.............................................................................................79
Selecting the Slot to Evaluate....................................................................................... 79
Cancelling Configuration...............................................................................................79
Saving the Table............................................................................................................79
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Name
Name of the channel table that is displayed in the "Predefined Channel Tables" list.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:NAME on page 167
Comment
Optional description of the channel table.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:COMMent on page 166
MA Shifts Cell
Defines the maximum number of midamble shifts (i.e. the maximum number of users)
in a single cell for channel detection using the predefined table.
This value replaces the global value defined by "MA Shift Cell / Number of Users"
on page 73.
For details, see Chapter 4.4, "Data fields and midambles", on page 42.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:MSHift on page 168
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Adding a Channel
Inserts a new row in the channel table to define another channel.
Deleting a Channel
Deletes the currently selected channel from the table.
Creating a New Channel Table from the Measured Signal (Measure Table)
Creates a completely new channel table according to the current measurement data.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:MEASurement on page 121
Sorting the Table by Midamble
(BTS application only):
Sorting by midamble means that after each midamble, the corresponding code is listed. The R&S FSW automatically distinguishes between common and default midamble assignment. The assignment of code to midamble is specified in the TD-SCDMA
standard.
If neither a common, nor a default midamble assignment is found, sorting is in code
order.
For details, see Chapter 4.4, "Data fields and midambles", on page 42.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Sorting the Table by Code
The midambles are sorted according to their midamble shifts. Active and inactive channels are projected to a spreading factor of 16 and sorted according to their code numbers.
Selecting the Slot to Evaluate
The application analyzes a single slot over the total signal to detect channels. Which
slot to analyze is defined here.
The values in the "Channel Detection" settings and in the "Evaluation Range" settings
are identical.
Cancelling Configuration
Closes the "Channel Table" dialog box without saving the changes.
Saving the Table
Saves the changes to the table and closes the "Channel Table" dialog box.
6.2.8.4 Channel details
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection" > "Predefined Channel Tables" > "New"/
"Copy"/ "Edit" > "Add Channel"
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Configuration
Code domain analysis
To edit channel settings, select the corresponding cell in the table and enter the new
value. Gray cells are read-only and cannot be edited.
Channel Type................................................................................................................80
Channel Number (Ch. SF)............................................................................................ 80
Symbol Rate..................................................................................................................81
Modulation.....................................................................................................................81
Midamble Shift.............................................................................................................. 81
State..............................................................................................................................81
Domain Conflict.............................................................................................................81
Channel Type
Type of channel. For a list of possible channel types, see Chapter 4.3.1, "Special chan-
nels", on page 39.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:DATA on page 167
Channel Number (Ch. SF)
Channel number, defined by code and spreading factor
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:DATA on page 167
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Symbol Rate
Symbol rate at which the channel is transmitted.
(Read-only; for reference purposes)
For an overview of possible symbol rates depending on the modulation type and other
parameters, see Table 4-8.
Modulation
The modulation type.
For an overview of possible modulation types and other parameters, see Table 4-8.
Midamble Shift
For channels, this is the shift of the associated midamble if a common or default midamble assignment is detected.
For details, see Chapter 4.4, "Data fields and midambles", on page 42.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:MSHift on page 168
Configuration
Code domain analysis
State
Indicates the channel state. Codes that are not assigned are marked as inactive channels (OFF).
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:DATA on page 167
Domain Conflict
Indicates a code domain conflict between channel definitions (e.g. overlapping channels or conflicting channel codes).
6.2.9 Sweep settings
Access: [SWEEP]
The sweep settings define how the data is measured.
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont......................................................................................81
Single Sweep / Run Single............................................................................................82
Continue Single Sweep.................................................................................................82
Refresh (MSRA only).................................................................................................... 82
Sweep/Average Count.................................................................................................. 83
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont
While the measurement is running, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
CONT] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the
highlighted softkey or key again. The results are not deleted until a new measurement
is started.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey only controls the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode
only takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a
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channel-defined sequence. In this case, a channel in continuous sweep mode is swept
repeatedly.
Furthermore, the [RUN CONT] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps.
[RUN CONT] starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
For details on the Sequencer, see the R&S FSW User Manual.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 186
Single Sweep / Run Single
While the measurement is running, the "Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN SINGLE]
key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Single Sweep" softkey only controls
the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode only
takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a channel-defined sequence. In this case, the Sequencer sweeps a channel in single sweep
mode only once.
Furthermore, the [RUN SINGLE] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps.
[RUN SINGLE] starts the Sequencer in single mode.
If the Sequencer is off, only the evaluation for the currently displayed channel is updated.
For details on the Sequencer, see the R&S FSW User Manual.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Remote command:
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 187
Continue Single Sweep
While the measurement is running, the "Continue Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
SINGLE] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting
the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONMeas on page 186
Refresh (MSRA only)
This function is only available if the Sequencer is deactivated and only for MSRA secondary applications.
The data in the capture buffer is re-evaluated by the currently active secondary application only. The results for any other secondary applications remain unchanged.
This is useful, for example, after evaluation changes have been made or if a new
sweep was performed from another secondary application. In this case, only that secondary application is updated automatically after data acquisition.
Note: To update all active secondary applications at once, use the "Refresh All" function in the "Sequencer" menu.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:REFResh on page 216
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Sweep/Average Count
Defines the number of measurements to be performed in the single sweep mode. Values from 0 to 200000 are allowed. If the values 0 or 1 are set, one measurement is
performed.
The sweep count is applied to all the traces in all diagrams.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt on page 169
6.2.10 Automatic settings
Access: [AUTO SET]
The R&S FSW TD-SCDMA Measurements application can adjust some settings automatically according to the current measurement settings. To do so, a measurement is
performed. The duration of this measurement can be defined automatically or manually.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, the following automatic settings are not available, as they
require a new data acquisition. However, TD-SCDMA applications cannot acquire data
in MSRA operating mode.
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically (Auto All)........................................ 83
Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level)...............................................84
Auto Scale Window.......................................................................................................84
Auto Scale All................................................................................................................84
Restore Scale (Window)............................................................................................... 84
Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time (Meastime Auto).....................................84
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time (Meastime Manual)................................ 84
Upper Level Hysteresis.................................................................................................85
Lower Level Hysteresis.................................................................................................85
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically (Auto All)
Activates all automatic adjustment functions for the current measurement settings,
including:
●
Auto Level
●
"Auto Scale All" on page 84
Note: MSRA operating modes. In MSRA operating mode, this function is only available
for the MSRA primary, not the secondary applications.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:ALL on page 169
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Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level)
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FSW for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators and
the preamplifier (for analog baseband input: the full-scale level) are adjusted. As a
result, the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clipping are
minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FSW.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
You can change the measurement time for the level measurement if necessary (see
"Changing the Automatic Measurement Time (Meastime Manual)" on page 84).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 171
Auto Scale Window
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be displayed for the current measurement settings in the currently selected window. No new
measurement is performed.
Configuration
Code domain analysis
Auto Scale All
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be displayed for the current measurement settings in all displayed diagrams. No new measurement is performed.
Restore Scale (Window)
Restores the default scale settings in the currently selected window.
Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time (Meastime Auto)
Resets the measurement duration for automatic settings to the default value.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation:MODE on page 170
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time (Meastime Manual)
This function allows you to change the measurement duration for automatic setting
adjustments. Enter the value in seconds.
Note: The maximum measurement duration depends on the currently selected measurement and the installed (optional) hardware. Thus, the measurement duration
actually used to determine the automatic settings can be shorter than the value you
define here.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation:MODE on page 170
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation on page 170
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Upper Level Hysteresis
When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the
internal attenuators and the preamplifier are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adaptation due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting
defines an upper threshold the signal must exceed (compared to the last measurement) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:UPPer on page 171
Lower Level Hysteresis
When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the
internal attenuators and the preamplifier are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adaptation due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting
defines a lower threshold the signal must fall below (compared to the last measurement) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:LOWer on page 171
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
6.3 Frequency and time domain measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
When you activate a TD-SCDMA application, Code Domain Analysis of the input signal
is started automatically. However, the TD-SCDMA applications also provide various
frequency and time domain measurement types.
The main measurement configuration menus for the RF measurements are identical to
the Spectrum application.
For details refer to "General Measurement Configuration" in the R&S FSW User Manual.
The measurement-specific settings for the following measurements are available in the
"Analysis" dialog box (via the "Overview").
● Power vs time..........................................................................................................85
● Signal channel power measurements.....................................................................89
● Channel power (ACLR) measurements.................................................................. 89
● Spectrum emission mask........................................................................................91
● Occupied bandwidth................................................................................................92
● CCDF...................................................................................................................... 93
6.3.1 Power vs time
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Power vs Time"
The TD-SCDMA specification."Power vs Time" measurement checks the signal power
against a transmission power mask defined by the
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● Default settings for pvt measurements....................................................................86
● Pvt configuration overview...................................................................................... 86
● Pvt measurement settings.......................................................................................87
6.3.1.1 Default settings for pvt measurements
By default, the following settings are used for a TD-SCDMA BTS application:"Power vs
Time" measurement in the
Parameter Default Value
Span Zero Span
Sweep Time 2.4 ms
RBW 1.28 MHz
VBW 10 MHz
Trace Mode Average
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
Switching point
(BTS application only):
Number of subframes 100
6.3.1.2 Pvt configuration overview
For "Overview" provides quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes (listed
in the recommended order of processing):"Power vs Time" measurements, the
The "Signal Description", "Signal Capture" and "Channel Detection" buttons indicated
in the "Overview" are not available for TD-SCDMA "Power vs Time" measurements.
1. "Select Measurement"
See Chapter 3, "Measurements and result display", on page 11
2. "Input/ Frontend"
See Chapter 6.2.2, "Data input and output settings", on page 50
3. (Optionally:) "Trigger"
See Chapter 6.2.4, "Trigger settings", on page 65
4. "Synchronization"
See Chapter 6.2.7, "Synchronization", on page 72
3
5. "Analysis"
See Chapter 7, "Analysis", on page 95
6. "Display Configuration"
See Chapter 6.1, "Result display configuration", on page 46
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The "Span", "Lines", and "Marker Functions" menus are not available for" Power vs
Time" measurements in TD-SCDMA applications.
To configure settings
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to
restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Note: Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the [Preset] key, which restores
the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the
R&S FSW (except for the default channel)!
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 120
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to
change a specific setting.
Select Measurement
Selects a different measurement to be performed.
See Chapter 3, "Measurements and result display", on page 11.
Specific Settings for
The channel can contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the
selected window.
Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed
in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.
The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected
window.
6.3.1.3 Pvt measurement settings
The following settings and functions are specific to the TD-SCDMA applications. They
are available from the "Power vs Time" menu, which is displayed when you press the
[MEAS CONFIG] key."Power vs Time" measurement in the
Switching Point..............................................................................................................87
Start Meas.....................................................................................................................88
No of Subframes........................................................................................................... 88
Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal.........................................................88
└ Start Slot / Stop Slot........................................................................................88
└ Auto Level & Time...........................................................................................88
Switching Point
(BTS application only):
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The switching point defines the border between uplink slots and downlink slots and is
between 1 and 6.
In downlink slot 1 to the slot indicated by the "Switching Point"."Power vs Time" measurements, the slots of interest are defined as the range from
In the TD-SCDMA UE application, the slot of interest is slot 1, which cannot be
changed. Thus, the switching point is irrelevant.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:PVTime:SPOint on page 175
Start Meas
Starts measuring the power for the defined number of subframes (same effect as
pressing the [RUN SINGLE] key).
Remote command:
INIT:CONT OFF, see INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 186
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 187
No of Subframes
Defines the number of subframes that the R&S FSW includes in the measurement.
The results of the "Power vs Time" measurement are based on the average of the
number of the subframes. This setting is identical to the "Sweep/Average Count"
on page 83.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:PVTime:SFRames on page 175
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
You can adapt the measurement range to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
Start Slot / Stop Slot ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
(BTS application only):
Defines the measurement range for Channel Power measurements as a range of
slots in the current TD-SCDMA signal, e.g. the downlink slots 4 to 6, for a "Switching
Point" = 3.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STARt on page 176
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STOP on page 176
Auto Level & Time ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
Automatically adjusts the reference level and the trigger offset to subframe start to their
optimum levels for the current signal. This prevents overloading the R&S FSW.
When this function is activated, current measurements are aborted and resumed after
the automatic level detection is finished.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:AUTO:LTIMe on page 175
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6.3.2 Signal channel power measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Power"
The Power measurement determines the TD-SCDMA signal channel power in a single
channel with a bandwidth of 1.2288 MHz.
In order to determine the signal power, the TD-SCDMA application performs a Channel
Power measurement as in the Spectrum application with the following settings:
Table 6-2: Predefined settings for TD-SCDMA Signal Channel Power measurements
Standard TD SCDMA FWD
Number of adjacent channels 0
Frequency span 3 MHz
Measurement bandwidth 1.6 MHz
The main measurement menus and the configuration "Overview" for the RF measurements are identical to the Spectrum application. However, an additional function is provided to adapt the Power measurement to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
(UE: TD SCDMA REV)
Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
You can adapt the measurement range to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
Start Slot / Stop Slot ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
(BTS application only):
Defines the measurement range for Channel Power measurements as a range of
slots in the current TD-SCDMA signal, e.g. the downlink slots 4 to 6, for a "Switching
Point" = 3.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STARt on page 176
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STOP on page 176
Auto Level & Time ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
Automatically adjusts the reference level and the trigger offset to subframe start to their
optimum levels for the current signal. This prevents overloading the R&S FSW.
When this function is activated, current measurements are aborted and resumed after
the automatic level detection is finished.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:AUTO:LTIMe on page 175
6.3.3 Channel power (ACLR) measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Channel Power ACLR"
"Channel Power ACLR" measurements are performed as in the Spectrum application
with the following predefined settings according to TD-SCDMA specifications (adjacent
channel leakage ratio).
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Table 6-3: Predefined settings for TD-SCDMA ACLR Channel Power measurements
Standard TD SCDMA FWD
Number of adjacent channels 2
For further details about the ACLR measurements refer to "Measuring Channel Power
and Adjacent-Channel Power" in the R&S FSW User Manual.
To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on
exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
●
●
●
●
●
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
(UE: TD SCDMA REV)
Reference level and reference level offset
RBW, VBW
Sweep time
Span
Number of adjacent channels
Fast ACLR mode
The main measurement menus and the configuration "Overview" for the RF measurements are identical to the Spectrum application. However, an additional function is provided to adapt the ACLR measurement to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal.........................................................90
└ Start Slot / Stop Slot........................................................................................90
└ Auto Level & Time...........................................................................................90
Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
You can adapt the measurement range to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
Start Slot / Stop Slot ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
(BTS application only):
Defines the measurement range for Channel Power measurements as a range of
slots in the current TD-SCDMA signal, e.g. the downlink slots 4 to 6, for a "Switching
Point" = 3.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STARt on page 176
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STOP on page 176
Auto Level & Time ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
Automatically adjusts the reference level and the trigger offset to subframe start to their
optimum levels for the current signal. This prevents overloading the R&S FSW.
When this function is activated, current measurements are aborted and resumed after
the automatic level detection is finished.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:AUTO:LTIMe on page 175
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6.3.4 Spectrum emission mask
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Spectrum Emission Mask"
The "Spectrum Emission Mask" measurement determines the power of the TDSCDMA signal in defined offsets from the carrier and compares the power values with
a spectral mask specified by TD-SCDMA.
For further details about the "Spectrum Emission Mask Measurement" in the R&S FSW
User Manual."Spectrum Emission Mask" measurements refer to
The TD-SCDMA applications perform the SEM measurement as in the Spectrum application with the following settings:
Table 6-4: Predefined settings for TD-SCDMA SEM measurements
Span +/- 4 MHz
Number of ranges 9
Fast SEM ON
Number of power classes 1
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
Channel bandwidth 1.28 MHz
Power reference type Channel power
Detector RMS
Changing the RBW and the VBW is restricted due to the definition of the limits by the
standard.
To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on
exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
Reference level and reference level offset
●
Sweep time
●
Span
The main measurement menus and the configuration "Overview" for the RF measurements are identical to the Spectrum application. However, an additional function is provided to adapt the SEM measurement to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
You can adapt the measurement range to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
Start Slot / Stop Slot ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
(BTS application only):
Defines the measurement range for Channel Power measurements as a range of
slots in the current TD-SCDMA signal, e.g. the downlink slots 4 to 6, for a "Switching
Point" = 3.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STARt on page 176
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STOP on page 176
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Auto Level & Time ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
Automatically adjusts the reference level and the trigger offset to subframe start to their
optimum levels for the current signal. This prevents overloading the R&S FSW.
When this function is activated, current measurements are aborted and resumed after
the automatic level detection is finished.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:AUTO:LTIMe on page 175
6.3.5 Occupied bandwidth
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "OBW"
The % of the total signal power is to be found. The percentage of the signal power to
be included in the bandwidth measurement can be changed."Occupied Bandwidth"
measurement determines the bandwidth that the signal occupies. The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth in which – in default settings - 99
The "Occupied Bandwidth" measurement is performed as in the Spectrum application
with the following predefined settings according to TD-SCDMA specifications:
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
Table 6-5: Predefined settings for TD-SCDMA OBW measurements
Setting Default value
% Power Bandwidth 99 %
Channel bandwidth 1.28 MHz
Sweep Time 676 ms
RBW 30 kHz
VBW 300 kHz
Detector RMS
Trigger Gated, IF power
For further details about the "Measuring the Occupied Bandwidth" in the R&S FSW
User Manual."Occupied Bandwidth" measurements refer to
To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on
exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
Reference level and reference level offset
●
RBW, VBW
●
Sweep time
●
Span
The main measurement menus and the configuration "Overview" for the RF measurements are identical to the Spectrum application. However, an additional function is provided to adapt the OBW measurement to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
You can adapt the measurement range to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
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Start Slot / Stop Slot ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
(BTS application only):
Defines the measurement range for Channel Power measurements as a range of
slots in the current TD-SCDMA signal, e.g. the downlink slots 4 to 6, for a "Switching
Point" = 3.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STARt on page 176
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STOP on page 176
Auto Level & Time ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
Automatically adjusts the reference level and the trigger offset to subframe start to their
optimum levels for the current signal. This prevents overloading the R&S FSW.
When this function is activated, current measurements are aborted and resumed after
the automatic level detection is finished.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:AUTO:LTIMe on page 175
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
6.3.6 CCDF
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "CCDF"
The "CCDF" measurement determines the distribution of the signal amplitudes (complementary cumulative distribution function).
The "CCDF" measurement is performed as in the Spectrum application with the following settings:
Table 6-6: Predefined settings for TD-SCDMA CCDF measurements
"CCDF" Active on trace 1
Analysis bandwidth 10 MHz
Number of samples 500000
Detector Sample
For further details about the "Statistical Measurements" in the R&S FSW User Manual."CCDF" measurements refer to
To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on
exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
Reference level and reference level offset
●
Analysis bandwidth
●
Number of samples
The main measurement menus and the configuration "Overview" for the RF measurements are identical to the Spectrum application. However, an additional function is provided to adapt the "CCDF" measurement to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
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Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
You can adapt the measurement range to the current TD-SCDMA signal.
Start Slot / Stop Slot ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
(BTS application only):
Defines the measurement range for Channel Power measurements as a range of
slots in the current TD-SCDMA signal, e.g. the downlink slots 4 to 6, for a "Switching
Point" = 3.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STARt on page 176
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:SLOT:STOP on page 176
Auto Level & Time ← Adapting the Measurement to the Current Signal
Automatically adjusts the reference level and the trigger offset to subframe start to their
optimum levels for the current signal. This prevents overloading the R&S FSW.
When this function is activated, current measurements are aborted and resumed after
the automatic level detection is finished.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:AUTO:LTIMe on page 175
Configuration
Frequency and time domain measurements
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7 Analysis
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis"
Analysis of RF Measurements
General result analysis settings concerning the trace, markers, lines etc. for RF measurements are almost identical to the analysis functions in the Spectrum application.
Only some special marker functions and spectrograms are not available in TD-SCDMA
applications.
For details, see the "Common Analysis and Display Functions" chapter in the
R&S FSW User Manual.
The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in Chap-
ter 10.10, "Analysis", on page 203.
● Evaluation range..................................................................................................... 95
● Code domain analysis settings............................................................................... 97
● Traces..................................................................................................................... 98
● Markers................................................................................................................... 99
Analysis
Evaluation range
7.1 Evaluation range
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Evaluation Range" tab
The evaluation range defines which channel, slot or set is evaluated in the result display.
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Channel (Code) Number...............................................................................................96
Slot Number.................................................................................................................. 96
Set to Analyze...............................................................................................................96
Channel (Code) Number
Selects a channel for the following evaluations:
●
●
●
●
●
●
Enter a code number and spreading factor, separated by a decimal point.
The specified channel is selected and marked in red in the corresponding result dis-
plays, if active. If no spreading factor is specified, the code based on the spreading factor 16 is marked. For unused channels, the code resulting from the conversion is
marked.
Example: Enter 4.8
Channel 4 is marked at spreading factor 8 (35.2 ksps) if the channel is active, other-
wise code 7 at spreading factor 16.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:CODE on page 172
Analysis
Evaluation range
"Bitstream"
"Power vs Slot"
"Power vs Symbol"
"Result Summary"
"Symbol Constellation"
"Symbol EVM"
Slot Number
Selects the slot for evaluation. This affects channel detection as well as the following
evaluations (see also Chapter 3.1.2, "Evaluation methods for code domain analysis",
on page 14):
●
"Bitstream"
●
"Channel Table"
●
"Code Domain Power"
●
"Code Domain Error Power"
●
"Result Summary"
●
"Composite Constellation"
●
"Power vs Symbol"
●
"Result Summary"
●
"Symbol Constellation"
●
"Symbol EVM"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:SLOT on page 172
Set to Analyze
Selects a specific set for further analysis. The value range depends on the Set Count
and is between 0 and [Set Count-1].
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:SET on page 172
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7.2 Code domain analysis settings
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Code Domain Settings" tab
Some evaluations provide further settings for the results.
Analysis
Code domain analysis settings
Figure 7-1: Code Domain Settings (BTS mode)
Compensate IQ Offset...................................................................................................97
Code Power Display......................................................................................................97
Channel Table Sort Order............................................................................................. 97
Show DwPTS Results (BTS mode)...............................................................................98
Show UpPTS Results (UE mode)................................................................................. 98
Compensate IQ Offset
If enabled, the I/Q offset is eliminated from the measured signal. This is useful to
deduct a DC offset to the baseband caused by the DUT, thus improving the EVM.
Note, however, that for EVM measurements according to standard, compensation must
be disabled.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:NORMalize on page 173
Code Power Display
For "Code Domain Power" evaluation:
Defines whether the absolute power or the power relative to the total power of the data
parts of the signal is displayed.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:PDISplay on page 173
Channel Table Sort Order
You can sort channels in the "Channel Table" result display in two ways:
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Analysis
Traces
"Code Order"
"Midamble
Order"
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:CTABle:ORDer on page 173
Show DwPTS Results (BTS mode)
Displays additional information on the "Downlink Pilot Time Slot" (DwPTS, see also
Chapter 4.2, "Frames, subframes and slots", on page 37) in the "Result Summary".
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:PTS on page 174
First, all midambles are listed, then all control channels and last all
data channels
The midambles are sorted according to their midamble shifts. Active
and inactive channels are projected to a spreading factor of 16 and
sorted according to their code numbers.
All control and data channels are assigned to the midambles they
belong to; the midambles are in ascending order
The TD-SCDMA application automatically distinguishes between
common and default midamble allocation. If neither a common nor a
default midamble allocation is found, sorting is in code order.
The allocation of code to midamble is specified in the TD-SCDMA
standard. (See also Chapter 4.4, "Data fields and midambles",
on page 42).
Show UpPTS Results (UE mode)
Displays additional information on the "Uplink Pilot Time Slot" (UpPTS, see also Chap-
ter 4.2, "Frames, subframes and slots", on page 37) in the "Result Summary".
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:PTS on page 174
7.3 Traces
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Trace"
Or: [TRACE] > "Trace Config"
The trace settings determine how the measured data is analyzed and displayed on the
screen.
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In CDA evaluations, only one trace can be active in each diagram at any time.
Window-specific configuration
The settings in this dialog box are specific to the selected window. To configure the settings for a different window, select the window outside the displayed dialog box, or
select the window from the "Specifics for" selection list in the dialog box.
Analysis
Markers
Trace Mode
Defines the update mode for subsequent traces.
"Clear/ Write"
"Max Hold"
"Min Hold"
"Average"
"View"
"Blank"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:MODE on page 203
7.4 Markers
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Marker"
Overwrite mode (default): the trace is overwritten by each measurement.
The maximum value is determined over several measurements and
displayed. The R&S FSW saves each trace point in the trace memory
only if the new value is greater than the previous one.
The minimum value is determined from several measurements and
displayed. The R&S FSW saves each trace point in the trace memory
only if the new value is lower than the previous one.
The average is formed over several measurements.
The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed.
Removes the selected trace from the display.
Or: [MKR]
Markers help you analyze your measurement results by determining particular values
in the diagram. Thus you can extract numeric values from a graphical display.
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Markers in Code Domain Analysis measurements
In Code Domain Analysis measurements, the markers are set to individual symbols,
codes, slots or channels, depending on the result display. Thus you can use the markers to identify individual codes, for example.
● Individual marker settings..................................................................................... 100
● General marker settings........................................................................................102
● Marker search settings..........................................................................................102
● Marker positioning functions................................................................................. 103
7.4.1 Individual marker settings
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Marker" > "Markers"
Or: [MKR] > "Marker Config"
In CDA evaluations, up to four markers can be activated in each diagram at any time.
Analysis
Markers
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